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Design and Implementation of Wideband Exciter for an Ultra-high Resolution Airborne SAR System 超高分辨率机载SAR系统宽带激振器的设计与实现
Q2 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2013-02-01 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1300.2013.20100
Ying-xin Jia, Yanfeng Wang
: We designed and implemented a wideband Linear Frequency Modulated (LFM) pulse compression exciter with 14.8 GHz carrier and 3.2 GHz bandwidth based on an ultra-high resolution airborne SAR system with a better than 0.1 m resolution. The selection of a signal generation scheme and some key technique points for wideband LFM waveform are presented in detail. Then, an acute test and analysis of the LFM signal are performed. The final airborne experiments demonstrate the validity of the LFM source, which is one of the subsystems in an ultra-high resolution airborne SAR system.
基于分辨率优于0.1 m的超高分辨率机载SAR系统,设计并实现了载波14.8 GHz、带宽3.2 GHz的宽带线性调频(LFM)脉冲压缩激励器。详细介绍了宽带线性调频波形信号生成方案的选择和若干关键技术要点。然后,对LFM信号进行了急性测试和分析。最后的机载实验验证了作为超高分辨率机载SAR系统子系统之一的LFM源的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Applications and Prospect of Micro-motion Theory in the Detection of Sea Surface Target 微运动理论在海面目标探测中的应用与展望
Q2 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2013-02-01 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1300.2013.20102
Xiaolong Chen, J. Guan, You He
Micro-Doppler signature is one of the physical characteristics of the target. The radar signature of a target with micro-motion can make fine characterizations of the shape, structure, and moving state of target, which reflects the nonstationary property of a radar signal. Hence, it has great superiority in the analysis of sea clutter and target detection in the case of high sea states based on the micro-Doppler theory. In this paper, to show the need for micro-Doppler, the modeling of scattering clutter from time-varying sea surface and analysis methods of sea clutter Doppler are first reviewed based on the principles and characteristics of micro-Doppler. Then, applications and technological approaches of micro-Doppler in sea surface target detection are introduced from the perspective of micro-motion target modeling and detection methods of micro-motion signatures. Finally, future research interests are highlighted based on problems experienced in present studies.
微多普勒信号是目标的物理特征之一。微运动目标的雷达特征可以很好地表征目标的形状、结构和运动状态,反映了雷达信号的非平稳性。因此,基于微多普勒理论的海杂波分析和高海况条件下的目标检测具有很大的优势。本文首先从微多普勒的原理和特点出发,综述了时变海面散射杂波的建模和海杂波的分析方法,说明了微多普勒的必要性。然后从微运动目标建模和微运动特征检测方法两方面介绍了微多普勒在海面目标检测中的应用和技术途径。最后,针对目前研究中遇到的问题,提出了未来的研究方向。
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引用次数: 12
Imaging Algorithm for Bistatic SAR Based on GNSS Signal 基于GNSS信号的双基地SAR成像算法
Q2 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2013-02-01 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1300.2013.20092
Weiming Tian, Zeng Tao, Hu Cheng
In this paper, an imaging processing method for Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar (BiSAR) utilizing navigation satellites is investigated. Considering the special problems regarding the use of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals to form SAR images, direct signals are used to estimate range migration parameters, and range migration is corrected in the azimuth time domain. The Doppler sensitivity of phase-coded signals was solved by Doppler compensation. By fitting the Doppler phase history with a high-order polynomial, the Doppler phase history is accurately approximated and the azimuth compression is implemented by de-chirp processing. By performing simulations and experimental data processing, the proposed method is verified.
研究了一种利用导航卫星对双基地合成孔径雷达(BiSAR)进行成像处理的方法。针对利用全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)信号形成SAR图像的特殊问题,采用直接信号估计距离偏移参数,并在方位角时域对距离偏移进行校正。采用多普勒补偿方法求解相位编码信号的多普勒灵敏度。通过高阶多项式拟合多普勒相位历史,精确逼近多普勒相位历史,并通过去啁啾处理实现方位角压缩。通过仿真和实验数据处理,验证了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 3
Tracking of Group Space Objects within Bayesian Framework 贝叶斯框架下的群空间对象跟踪
Q2 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2013-02-01 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1300.2013.20079
Huang Jian, Wei-dong Hu
It is imperative to efficiently track and catalogue the extensive dense group of space objects for space surveillance. As the main instrument for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) space surveillance, ground-based radar systems are usually limited by their resolving power while tracking small, but very dense clusters of space debris. Thus, the information obtained regarding target detection and observation will be seriously compromised, making the traditional tracking method inefficient. Therefore, we conceived the concept of group tracking. The overall motional tendency of a group’s objects is particularly focused, while individual objects are in effect simultaneously tracked. The tracking procedure is based on the Bayesian framework. According to the restriction among the group center and observations of multi-targets, the reconstruction of the number of targets and estimation of individual trajectories can be greatly improved with respect to the accuracy and robustness in the case of high miss alarm. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo Particle (MCMC-Particle) algorithm is utilized to solve the Bayesian integral problem. Finally, the simulation of the tracking of group space objects is carried out to validate the efficiency of the proposed method.
有效地跟踪和编目广泛密集的空间目标群是空间监视的必要条件。作为低地球轨道(LEO)空间监视的主要工具,地基雷达系统在跟踪小而密集的空间碎片簇时,通常受到分辨率的限制。这样,所获得的目标检测和观测信息将受到严重影响,使得传统的跟踪方法效率低下。因此,我们提出了群体跟踪的概念。一组物体的整体运动趋势特别集中,而单个物体实际上同时被跟踪。跟踪过程基于贝叶斯框架。在高脱靶情况下,利用群中心和多目标观测值之间的约束,可以大大提高目标数重建和单个轨迹估计的精度和鲁棒性。利用马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗粒子(MCMC-Particle)算法求解贝叶斯积分问题。最后,通过对群空间目标的跟踪仿真,验证了所提方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 2
A Method for Spaceborne SAR Geolocation Based on Continuously Moving Geometry 基于连续运动几何的星载SAR定位方法
Q2 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2013-02-01 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1300.2013.20072
Xiaolan Qiu, Chuan-zhao Han, Jia-yin Liu
③ (Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China) Abstract: Geolocation is a very important step in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data processing. The precision of geolocation severely affects the applications of SAR images. This paper analyzes the influences on SAR geolocation caused by the traditional "stop-go" approximation, and establishes the range-Doppler equations for the real continuously moving configuration. It also provides a simplified way of solving the equations. Simulations and geolocation experiments on real SAR data of the Beijing area validate the proposed method and show the correctness of the analysis.
③(中国科学院电子学研究所,北京100190)摘要:地理定位是合成孔径雷达(SAR)数据处理中非常重要的一步。地理定位的精度严重影响着SAR图像的应用。分析了传统的“走走停停”近似对SAR定位的影响,建立了实际连续运动构型下的距离-多普勒方程。它还提供了一种求解方程的简化方法。在北京地区的实际SAR数据上进行了仿真和地理定位实验,验证了所提方法的正确性。
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引用次数: 11
Time and Phase Synchronization for Distributed Aperture Coherent Radar 分布式孔径相干雷达的时相同步
Q2 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2013-02-01 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1300.2013.20104
Zeng Tao, Pi-lei Yin, Xiao-peng Yang, Hua-jian Fan
As a new radar technology, the distributed aperture coherent radar is expected to be the next generation radar, which is easier to transport and less expensive than the traditional large aperture radar. However, the time synchronization and phase synchronization are key issues to be addressed for the distributed aperture coherent radar. In this paper, the error sources of time synchronization and phase synchronization are analyzed, and the corresponding mathematical models are first derived. Then, the impact of synchronization errors on the coherent performance is simulated, and the accuracy of time and phase synchronization is presented based on the simulation results. Finally, the noncorrelation transmission scheme and the calibration scheme based on the wired transmission are proposed to realize the time and phase synchronization, respectively. Research of the synchronization problem could be very helpful to realize the new radar technology of distributed aperture coherent
分布式孔径相干雷达作为一种新型雷达技术,具有比传统大孔径雷达更容易运输、更便宜等优点,有望成为下一代雷达。然而,时间同步和相位同步是分布式孔径相干雷达需要解决的关键问题。本文首先分析了时间同步和相位同步的误差来源,并建立了相应的数学模型。然后,仿真了同步误差对相干性能的影响,并在此基础上给出了时间和相位同步的精度。最后,提出了非相关传输方案和基于有线传输的校准方案,分别实现了时间和相位同步。同步问题的研究对分布式孔径相干雷达新技术的实现具有重要的指导意义
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引用次数: 11
Joint Three-dimensional Location Algorithm for Airborne Interferometric SAR System 机载干涉SAR系统联合三维定位算法
Q2 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2013-02-01 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1300.2013.20107
Y. Mao, Xiao-jie Wang, M. Xiang
: Joint three-dimensional location algorithms aim to simultaneously obtain the north, east, and height coordinates of each pixel in several adjacent Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) scenes. Joint calibration is a key procedure used to achieve an accurate three-dimensional location. It can ensure the continuity of three-dimensional locations among adjacent scenes, and achieve the location of large areas with few Ground Control Points (GCPs) using Tie Points (TPs). In this paper, a new joint calibration algorithm for airborne interferometric SAR that simultaneously calibrates north, east, and height coordinates is proposed. It employs a weighted optimization method to carry out calibration, and introduces weights to calibration to discriminate GCPs and TPs with different coherences and locations. The experimental results for airborne InSAR data show that the three-dimensional location accuracy obtained using the proposed calibration algorithm is better than that obtained using the traditional method.
:联合三维定位算法旨在同时获取多个相邻干涉合成孔径雷达(InSAR)场景中每个像素点的北坐标、东坐标和高度坐标。联合校准是实现精确三维定位的关键步骤。它可以保证相邻场景之间三维位置的连续性,并利用Tie Points (TPs)实现较少地面控制点(gcp)的大面积定位。本文提出了一种同时标定北坐标、东坐标和高度坐标的机载干涉SAR联合标定算法。采用加权优化方法进行标定,并引入权重进行标定,区分不同相干和位置的gcp和TPs。机载InSAR数据的实验结果表明,采用该方法获得的三维定位精度优于传统方法。
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引用次数: 1
Efficient Algorithm for Processing SAR Data Based on GPU 基于GPU的SAR数据处理高效算法
Q2 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1300.2013.20098
M. Dadi, Huang Yuxin, D. Chibiao
Data processing is time-consuming in the field of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have tremendous float-point computational ability and a very high memory bandwidth, and the developing Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) technology has enabled the application of GPUs to general-purpose parallel computing. A new method for processing SAR data using GPUs is presented in this paper. Compared with the nominal GPU-based SAR processing method, the number of data transfers between the CPUs and a GPU is reduced from 4 to 1, and the CPUs are exploited to cooperate with the GPU synchronously. By using the proposed method, we can speed up the data processing by 2.3 times, which is verified by the testing with simulated SAR data.
在合成孔径雷达(SAR)领域,数据处理非常耗时。图形处理单元(Graphics Processing Units, gpu)具有强大的浮点运算能力和极高的内存带宽,而计算统一设备架构(Compute Unified Device Architecture, CUDA)技术的发展使gpu能够应用于通用的并行计算。本文提出了一种利用图形处理器处理SAR数据的新方法。与传统的基于GPU的SAR处理方法相比,将cpu与GPU之间的数据传输次数从4次减少到1次,并充分利用cpu与GPU的同步协作。采用该方法可将数据处理速度提高2.3倍,并通过模拟SAR数据进行了验证。
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引用次数: 0
Resolution and Micro-Doppler Effect in Bi-ISAR System 双isar系统的分辨率和微多普勒效应
Q2 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1300.2013.13039
Deng Dong-hu, Z. Qun, Luo Ying, Zhu Ren-fei
Compared to the monostatic radar, bistatic radar has many special characteristics because of its spatial complexity. Bistatic Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (Bi-ISAR) can be employed as a radar imaging tool for obtaining non-cooperative target images. In this study, we first analyze the range and azimuth resolution of a Bi-ISAR system. To analyze this azimuth resolution and its spatial-variety characteristic, a definition called con-Doppler bandwidth is introduced, which helps overcome the difficulty of the target's viewing angle diversity calculation. Then, a detailed investigation is conducted to study the micro-Doppler effect caused by the vibration and the rotation of the target in the Bi-ISAR system. By comparing the difference in the micro-Doppler effect between the Bi-ISAR system and the Mono-ISAR system, we modify the extended Hough transform to extract the real micro-motion features of the targets. Finally, we provide some simulation results to validate the theoretical derivation and to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
与单基地雷达相比,双基地雷达由于其空间复杂性而具有许多特殊的特性。双基地逆合成孔径雷达(Bi-ISAR)可以作为一种获取非合作目标图像的雷达成像工具。在本研究中,我们首先分析了Bi-ISAR系统的距离和方位分辨率。为了分析这种方位分辨率及其空间变化特性,引入了控制多普勒带宽的定义,克服了目标视角分集计算的困难。然后,对Bi-ISAR系统中目标的振动和旋转引起的微多普勒效应进行了详细的研究。通过比较双isar系统和单isar系统在微多普勒效应上的差异,对扩展霍夫变换进行修正,提取目标的真实微运动特征。最后,给出了一些仿真结果来验证理论推导并说明所提方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 3
Study on the Sparse Sub-block Microwave Imaging Based on Lasso 基于Lasso的稀疏子块微波成像研究
Q2 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1300.2013.13011
Xiang Yin, Zhang Bing-chen, H. Wen
Sparse microwave imaging requires a nonlinear algorithm that is expensive for large scene imaging. Therefore, the sub-block imaging method, in which the measured data and the relative imaging region are divided into sub-blocks, is studied. Then, a sparse microwave imaging algorithm based on the Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) is performed on each sub-block. Finally, the sub-blocks are combined to obtain the whole image of the large scene. When compared with the overall reconstruction of the sparse scene, the sub-block algorithm can control the amount of data involved in each reconstruction, thereby avoiding frequent accessing of the disk by the signal processor, which is time consuming. Further, the theoretical analysis illustrates that the sub-block sparse imaging method is also accurate and stable, and the associated reconstruction error is no more than two times that of the overall reconstruction. The simulation and real data processing results support the validity of our method.
稀疏微波成像需要一种非线性算法,对于大场景成像来说,这是一种昂贵的算法。为此,研究了将实测数据和相对成像区域划分为子块的子块成像方法。然后,对每个子块执行基于最小绝对收缩和选择算子(Lasso)的稀疏微波成像算法。最后,将子块进行组合,得到大场景的整体图像。与稀疏场景的整体重构相比,子块算法可以控制每次重构所涉及的数据量,从而避免了信号处理器频繁访问磁盘的耗时问题。进一步,理论分析表明,子块稀疏成像方法也具有较好的准确性和稳定性,相关重建误差不超过整体重建误差的2倍。仿真和实际数据处理结果验证了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
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