Pub Date : 2023-06-14DOI: 10.54660/.ijmrge.2023.4.2.232-237
Kurnia Rahman Agus, Kartina Diah Kusuma Wardhani
The demands of the learning process during the current pandemic force teachers and students to carry out digital transformation in the learning process. Especially in the new normal where the learning process is done online. Thus, the learning media made by the teacher must also be adapted to online media so that the learning process can be maximized and increase the activeness of students in learning while online. This study aims to create an online learning media by applying the concept of gamification. The method used in this research is R&D (Research and Development) using analysis, design, and development models. Stages of analysis are carried out to determine the needs of students when learning online. Then in the design stage, the selection of media formats and media design is carried out, and finally at the development stage, the advanced process of making games with programming languages is carried out as a learning medium. The use of gamification learning media is very practical, which can be accessed by students through their devices at home via the internet network. In the learning process, this game can be used to assist teachers in achieving learning objectives so that they can increase learning activity and the value of students in one basic competency.
{"title":"Implementation of gamification in learning media to improve student activity and learning outcomes","authors":"Kurnia Rahman Agus, Kartina Diah Kusuma Wardhani","doi":"10.54660/.ijmrge.2023.4.2.232-237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54660/.ijmrge.2023.4.2.232-237","url":null,"abstract":"The demands of the learning process during the current pandemic force teachers and students to carry out digital transformation in the learning process. Especially in the new normal where the learning process is done online. Thus, the learning media made by the teacher must also be adapted to online media so that the learning process can be maximized and increase the activeness of students in learning while online. This study aims to create an online learning media by applying the concept of gamification. The method used in this research is R&D (Research and Development) using analysis, design, and development models. Stages of analysis are carried out to determine the needs of students when learning online. Then in the design stage, the selection of media formats and media design is carried out, and finally at the development stage, the advanced process of making games with programming languages is carried out as a learning medium. The use of gamification learning media is very practical, which can be accessed by students through their devices at home via the internet network. In the learning process, this game can be used to assist teachers in achieving learning objectives so that they can increase learning activity and the value of students in one basic competency.","PeriodicalId":377083,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116332907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents the situation of the teaching and learning of sciences (physics and chemistry) among pupils of first year of pedagogical humanities. This article is particularly interested in teachers holding the science course (physics and chemistry) and the impact of the sudden change from the Situation-Based Approache (SBA) to the Objective-Based Approach (OBA) on the development of basic skills and the teaching-learning process among students in the first of the pedagogical humanities in the Lubumbashi I sub-division. It first presents some weaknesses of the OBA and some interesting innovations of the SBA. Then, he is interested in the descriptive data taken from the questionnaires intended for students and teachers concerning two fields of information: 1) the success rate in science in the OBA 2) the perception of science by students in the OBA. The article also examines the relationships between the abrupt change of approaches and the variables of these two fields.
{"title":"Impact of the sudden change of the approach in sciences on the teaching-learning process in the first pedagogical humanities of Lubumbashi","authors":"Kabwik Fat Albert, Kishiko Banza Steve, Kamena Nkasa Gloire, Yav Kabwit Mattieu, Mwamba Mulumba Jeanlou, Mwansa Malipilo Ben, Banza Mizibu Antoine, Mbuya wa Mande Stanislas, Kingagu Zoni, Mujinga Tshikwambi Etienne, Bolavie Maji Julio, Kumwimba Kasongo Wivine, Kibesa Mutakwe Dieudonné","doi":"10.54660/.ijmrge.2023.4.2.36-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54660/.ijmrge.2023.4.2.36-40","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the situation of the teaching and learning of sciences (physics and chemistry) among pupils of first year of pedagogical humanities. This article is particularly interested in teachers holding the science course (physics and chemistry) and the impact of the sudden change from the Situation-Based Approache (SBA) to the Objective-Based Approach (OBA) on the development of basic skills and the teaching-learning process among students in the first of the pedagogical humanities in the Lubumbashi I sub-division. It first presents some weaknesses of the OBA and some interesting innovations of the SBA. Then, he is interested in the descriptive data taken from the questionnaires intended for students and teachers concerning two fields of information: 1) the success rate in science in the OBA 2) the perception of science by students in the OBA. The article also examines the relationships between the abrupt change of approaches and the variables of these two fields.","PeriodicalId":377083,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116611701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.54660/.ijmrge.2023.4.1.375-380
A. K, Hira Aleem, Huma Adiba, Nuvera Fatima, Afsiya Ruhee, Deeba Khanam Baig
The antidepressant activity of Spathodea campanulata flowers was evaluated in mice and in silico. When 33 tested at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, the methanol extract of S. campanulata (MESC) showed dose dependent antidepressant activity in the force swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), lithium induced head twitches test, Haloperidol Induced Catalepsy and the open field test. In FST and TST, animals treated with MESC demonstrated a significant decrease in the immobility period compared to the control group. These data suggest that S. campanulata flowers warrants further investigation as a source of novel templates for antidepressive drugs.
{"title":"Phytochemical analytical and antidepressant activity screening of flowers of spathodea campanulata","authors":"A. K, Hira Aleem, Huma Adiba, Nuvera Fatima, Afsiya Ruhee, Deeba Khanam Baig","doi":"10.54660/.ijmrge.2023.4.1.375-380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54660/.ijmrge.2023.4.1.375-380","url":null,"abstract":"The antidepressant activity of Spathodea campanulata flowers was evaluated in mice and in silico. When 33 tested at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, the methanol extract of S. campanulata (MESC) showed dose dependent antidepressant activity in the force swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), lithium induced head twitches test, Haloperidol Induced Catalepsy and the open field test. In FST and TST, animals treated with MESC demonstrated a significant decrease in the immobility period compared to the control group. These data suggest that S. campanulata flowers warrants further investigation as a source of novel templates for antidepressive drugs.","PeriodicalId":377083,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128595166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.54660/.ijmrge.2023.4.1.390-394
B. Thrinitha, N. Tejaswini, S. ., Galenka Shirisha, Ramavath Sujatha, G. S. Reddy
Pergularia daemia (Apocynaceae) plays an important role in traditional ayurvedic and siddha for the treatment of asthma, bronchitis, and jaundice. Interestingly, the latex of (PDL) is applied to cure Pergularia daemia headache, migraine, boils, wounds and scabies. The present study is aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of PDL in animal. Orally, pre-treated three different doses (100, 200 mg/kg) of PDL in order to evaluate distinct phases of anti-inflammatory effects. The inhibition ratio of the PDL (200 mg/kg, (P < 0.01)) on carrageenan, Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) in rats were 66.46 and 54.04% respectively better than the inhibition ratio of indomethacin (5 mg/kg) were 52.31% and 70.33% respectively in the two model. PDL sustains exemplary anti-inflammatory activity.
Pergularia daemia(夹竹桃科)在传统的阿育吠陀和siddha中起着重要的作用，用于治疗哮喘，支气管炎和黄疸。有趣的是，(PDL)的乳胶被用于治疗白喉、头痛、偏头痛、疖子、伤口和疥疮。本研究旨在评价PDL在动物体内的抗炎作用。口服、预处理三种不同剂量(100、200 mg/kg)的PDL，以评估不同阶段的抗炎作用。PDL (200 mg/kg, P < 0.01)对大鼠角叉菜胶、肉豆肉芽素13-乙酸酯(PMA)的抑制率分别为66.46%和54.04%，优于吲哚美辛(5 mg/kg)的抑制率分别为52.31%和70.33%。PDL维持典型的抗炎活性。
{"title":"Evaluation of anti-inflammatory effects of Pergularia Daemia latex using experimental animal models","authors":"B. Thrinitha, N. Tejaswini, S. ., Galenka Shirisha, Ramavath Sujatha, G. S. Reddy","doi":"10.54660/.ijmrge.2023.4.1.390-394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54660/.ijmrge.2023.4.1.390-394","url":null,"abstract":"Pergularia daemia (Apocynaceae) plays an important role in traditional ayurvedic and siddha for the treatment of asthma, bronchitis, and jaundice. Interestingly, the latex of (PDL) is applied to cure Pergularia daemia headache, migraine, boils, wounds and scabies. The present study is aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of PDL in animal. Orally, pre-treated three different doses (100, 200 mg/kg) of PDL in order to evaluate distinct phases of anti-inflammatory effects. The inhibition ratio of the PDL (200 mg/kg, (P < 0.01)) on carrageenan, Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) in rats were 66.46 and 54.04% respectively better than the inhibition ratio of indomethacin (5 mg/kg) were 52.31% and 70.33% respectively in the two model. PDL sustains exemplary anti-inflammatory activity.","PeriodicalId":377083,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124719708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.54660/.ijmrge.2023.4.1.395-400
P. Uma, Manthapuram Ramya, B. Rani, Sama Ruchika Reddy, Apur Yamini Saraswathi, Ranga Shreshta
The crude extracts of Benincasa hispida i.e. ethanolic extract and aqueous extract were studied for the presence and detection of phytochemical such as of flavonoids, sterols, terpenoids, carbohydrates and phenolic compounds using standard procedures. On the basis of the results, the extracts were further used for in vivo evaluation of antidiabetic activity. The present study was designed to study the phytochemical screening and to investigate the antidiabetic potential of aqueous and ethanolic extract of dried leaves of Benincasa hispida. The antidiabetic potential was evaluated by Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide induced diabetic in rat model. The extracts showed significant potential in a dose dependant manner when compared with the Glibenclamide. The aqueous extract shows good glucose lowering ability than ethanoloc extract on day 15. Thus both the ME and AE may be useful as a natural antioxidants in the near future.
{"title":"Phytochemical investigation and Antidiabetic activity screening of Bennincas Hispida (THUNB.)","authors":"P. Uma, Manthapuram Ramya, B. Rani, Sama Ruchika Reddy, Apur Yamini Saraswathi, Ranga Shreshta","doi":"10.54660/.ijmrge.2023.4.1.395-400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54660/.ijmrge.2023.4.1.395-400","url":null,"abstract":"The crude extracts of Benincasa hispida i.e. ethanolic extract and aqueous extract were studied for the presence and detection of phytochemical such as of flavonoids, sterols, terpenoids, carbohydrates and phenolic compounds using standard procedures. On the basis of the results, the extracts were further used for in vivo evaluation of antidiabetic activity. The present study was designed to study the phytochemical screening and to investigate the antidiabetic potential of aqueous and ethanolic extract of dried leaves of Benincasa hispida. The antidiabetic potential was evaluated by Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide induced diabetic in rat model. The extracts showed significant potential in a dose dependant manner when compared with the Glibenclamide. The aqueous extract shows good glucose lowering ability than ethanoloc extract on day 15. Thus both the ME and AE may be useful as a natural antioxidants in the near future.","PeriodicalId":377083,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130307763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.54660/.ijmrge.2023.4.1.572-579
Khalid KA Abdullah, M. Qureshi
In agile software development, rapid tasks, which are called the story and collaboration between team members are a necessary requirement. To achieve this, teams need to adhere steps such as active meetings, face-to-face meetings, continuous meetings and cooperation between the work team. However, Separation through geographical distance, time zones, and culture has an influence on the ability of members of a distributed team to work with each other as one team in distributed software development. We determined that trust among members of a distributed team is critical for bridging spatial, behavioral, and cultural barriers so that they can collaborate as one team. In this paper, we discuss the obstacles and challenges of using Agile in a distributed team’s environment and recommend a proposed solution of four steps and procedures to solve these issues. The validation of the proposed solution is done by using a survey and the results indicate that communication efficiency has positive effects and found encouraging effects on functionality, quality, and on-budget completion.
{"title":"Agile software development: Impacts and challenges within distributed teams","authors":"Khalid KA Abdullah, M. Qureshi","doi":"10.54660/.ijmrge.2023.4.1.572-579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54660/.ijmrge.2023.4.1.572-579","url":null,"abstract":"In agile software development, rapid tasks, which are called the story and collaboration between team members are a necessary requirement. To achieve this, teams need to adhere steps such as active meetings, face-to-face meetings, continuous meetings and cooperation between the work team. However, Separation through geographical distance, time zones, and culture has an influence on the ability of members of a distributed team to work with each other as one team in distributed software development. We determined that trust among members of a distributed team is critical for bridging spatial, behavioral, and cultural barriers so that they can collaborate as one team. In this paper, we discuss the obstacles and challenges of using Agile in a distributed team’s environment and recommend a proposed solution of four steps and procedures to solve these issues. The validation of the proposed solution is done by using a survey and the results indicate that communication efficiency has positive effects and found encouraging effects on functionality, quality, and on-budget completion.","PeriodicalId":377083,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121562907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.54660/anfo.2023.4.1.149-155
Onu Abara, Onuorah Kenneth Ikechukwu, Very Rev Fr Anthony Igwe
Adapting to climate change requires all hands to be on desk by many actors in the society. Of recent, major research focus has been on governments, communities and the third sector as key actors in the adaptation process. The objective of this research is to assess the extent global climate change has relationship with planet protection in a multinational adaptation using a family of approaches collectively described as empirical statistical downscaling as a methodology. Yet, there is a growing emphasis internationally on understanding the role of, and the need to engage businesses in adaptation looking at their potentials to finance projects, as well as develop and deploy technologies and innovative solutions, and enhance the scale, and cost-effectiveness of certain adaptation criterion. In several occasions, many multinational corporations (MNCs) are purportedly beginning to take steps to adapt their operations to climate change. Some stated reasons for their engagement which include minimising potential impacts on their supply chains, improving resource efficiency, enhancing the production and use of sustainable raw materials, and supporting customers’, suppliers’ and communities’ efforts to adapt to climate change. In conclusion, there is a paucity of work analysing adaptation actions by MNCs, their motivations and contribution to broader adaptation and climate resilient development efforts, as well as possible instances of maladaptation. We apply a three-tier framework on drivers, responses and outcomes to examine the state of knowledge according to recent literature on private sector and MNC adaptation to climate change. The research recommends building adaptive capacity of the MNCs, its supply chain and of the community where it operates; to transferring as well as adopting technologies and acting on opportunities related to adaptation.
{"title":"Global climate change and planet protection: Multinational adaptation","authors":"Onu Abara, Onuorah Kenneth Ikechukwu, Very Rev Fr Anthony Igwe","doi":"10.54660/anfo.2023.4.1.149-155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54660/anfo.2023.4.1.149-155","url":null,"abstract":"Adapting to climate change requires all hands to be on desk by many actors in the society. Of recent, major research focus has been on governments, communities and the third sector as key actors in the adaptation process. The objective of this research is to assess the extent global climate change has relationship with planet protection in a multinational adaptation using a family of approaches collectively described as empirical statistical downscaling as a methodology. Yet, there is a growing emphasis internationally on understanding the role of, and the need to engage businesses in adaptation looking at their potentials to finance projects, as well as develop and deploy technologies and innovative solutions, and enhance the scale, and cost-effectiveness of certain adaptation criterion. In several occasions, many multinational corporations (MNCs) are purportedly beginning to take steps to adapt their operations to climate change. Some stated reasons for their engagement which include minimising potential impacts on their supply chains, improving resource efficiency, enhancing the production and use of sustainable raw materials, and supporting customers’, suppliers’ and communities’ efforts to adapt to climate change. In conclusion, there is a paucity of work analysing adaptation actions by MNCs, their motivations and contribution to broader adaptation and climate resilient development efforts, as well as possible instances of maladaptation. We apply a three-tier framework on drivers, responses and outcomes to examine the state of knowledge according to recent literature on private sector and MNC adaptation to climate change. The research recommends building adaptive capacity of the MNCs, its supply chain and of the community where it operates; to transferring as well as adopting technologies and acting on opportunities related to adaptation.","PeriodicalId":377083,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130394588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.54660/.ijmrge.2023.4.1.605-606
J. Finsterer, Fulvio A Scorza, A. Almeida
{"title":"Neuro-COVID in the young","authors":"J. Finsterer, Fulvio A Scorza, A. Almeida","doi":"10.54660/.ijmrge.2023.4.1.605-606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54660/.ijmrge.2023.4.1.605-606","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":377083,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123505383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.54660/.ijmrge.2023.4.2.102-108
Okeke Pa, Evulobi Ooc, Adibe Ac, Onyeche Se, Ohaturuonye So
The physico-chemical parameters of Amansea River and the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in two most prevalence fish species Oreochromis nilotics and Clarias gariepinus of the river, were studied from February to September. The fish specimens were procured monthly from artisanal fisher folks from three sampling stations I, II and III. The samples were taking to the laboratory, and were analysed for heavy metals using 240 Version Atomic Absorption Spectrophometer (AAS) method. There were presence of Arsenic (As), Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), Chromium (Cr) and Cadmium (Cd) presence in the two fish species tested. The heavy metal ranking in descending order in O. niloticus are As>Pb>Hg>Cr>Cd, with mean concentration mg/kg-1 values of 5.093±0.153, 1.039±0.059, 0.134±0.012, 0.084±0.003 and 0.053±0.007 respectively, while C. gariepinus heavy metal ranking in descending order are Cd
{"title":"Studies on some Physico-Chemical parameters and heavy metals concentration in the tissues of Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus from Amansea River of Anambra state, Nigeria","authors":"Okeke Pa, Evulobi Ooc, Adibe Ac, Onyeche Se, Ohaturuonye So","doi":"10.54660/.ijmrge.2023.4.2.102-108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54660/.ijmrge.2023.4.2.102-108","url":null,"abstract":"The physico-chemical parameters of Amansea River and the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in two most prevalence fish species Oreochromis nilotics and Clarias gariepinus of the river, were studied from February to September. The fish specimens were procured monthly from artisanal fisher folks from three sampling stations I, II and III. The samples were taking to the laboratory, and were analysed for heavy metals using 240 Version Atomic Absorption Spectrophometer (AAS) method. There were presence of Arsenic (As), Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), Chromium (Cr) and Cadmium (Cd) presence in the two fish species tested. The heavy metal ranking in descending order in O. niloticus are As>Pb>Hg>Cr>Cd, with mean concentration mg/kg-1 values of 5.093±0.153, 1.039±0.059, 0.134±0.012, 0.084±0.003 and 0.053±0.007 respectively, while C. gariepinus heavy metal ranking in descending order are Cd<As<Hg<Pb<Cr, with heavy metal mean plus standard deviation (SD) concentration mg/kg-1 values of 2.805±0.008, 2.784±0.058, 0.652±0.003, 0.555±0.008 and 0.365±0.026 respectively. The heavy metal concentration in the tissues of both fish species were higher than permissible limit for fish by the WHO/FAO of 0.2/0.5, 0.30/0.30, 0.05/, 0.05/0.05 and 0.020/0.02 mg/kg-1, rendering fishes from the river dangerous for human consumption. The physico-chemical parameters (To, pH, Salinity, DO, and Conductivity) of 280C, 6.60, 0.25ppt., 6.29mg/L-1 and 84.08us/cm-1 respectively were within the Federal Ministry of Environment standard for fish survival and growth. The high level of heavy metal concentration, calls for serious intervention, monitoring, control and management of activities going on along the river to prevent sicknesses associated with heavy metals bioaccumulation.","PeriodicalId":377083,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation","volume":"200 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133999118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.54660/.ijmrge.2023.4.1.365-368
Sarita Chaurasia, Gaddi Divija, Dyapa Divya, M. Divya, H. -, M. Harshitha
A series of five-membered heterocyclic rings were synthesized by the reaction between 2[(4-chlorophenyl) acetyl] benzoic acid and and SOCl2 produced acid chloride and the acid chloride on reaction with substituted aromatic acid to form (3a- 3d) compounds and was tested for their anti-inflammatory activity determined by rat-paw-oedema method. All the synthesis compounds have been characterized by 1HNMR, IR and Mass spectral data. The compounds were purified by column chromatography. All synthesized derivatives were determined by the carrageenan-induced rat-paw-oedema model for anti-inflammatory activity. The entire compound gives good response for the anti-inflammatory activity: 2-(4’-Chloro-phenyl)-1-[2-(5”-phenyl-[1, 3, 4] oxadiazol-2-yl) phenyl]-ethanone (3b), and (2-(4’-Chloro-phenyl)-1-{2-[5”-(4-nitrophenyl)-[1, 3, 4] oxadiazol-2-yl]-phenyl}-ethanone) (3c). For this activity, indometacin was used as a standard drug and compared to new synthesized drugs. Some new synthesized drugs have shown better activities for the anti-inflammation.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of some novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole for anti-inflammatory activity","authors":"Sarita Chaurasia, Gaddi Divija, Dyapa Divya, M. Divya, H. -, M. Harshitha","doi":"10.54660/.ijmrge.2023.4.1.365-368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54660/.ijmrge.2023.4.1.365-368","url":null,"abstract":"A series of five-membered heterocyclic rings were synthesized by the reaction between 2[(4-chlorophenyl) acetyl] benzoic acid and and SOCl2 produced acid chloride and the acid chloride on reaction with substituted aromatic acid to form (3a- 3d) compounds and was tested for their anti-inflammatory activity determined by rat-paw-oedema method. All the synthesis compounds have been characterized by 1HNMR, IR and Mass spectral data. The compounds were purified by column chromatography. All synthesized derivatives were determined by the carrageenan-induced rat-paw-oedema model for anti-inflammatory activity. The entire compound gives good response for the anti-inflammatory activity: 2-(4’-Chloro-phenyl)-1-[2-(5”-phenyl-[1, 3, 4] oxadiazol-2-yl) phenyl]-ethanone (3b), and (2-(4’-Chloro-phenyl)-1-{2-[5”-(4-nitrophenyl)-[1, 3, 4] oxadiazol-2-yl]-phenyl}-ethanone) (3c). For this activity, indometacin was used as a standard drug and compared to new synthesized drugs. Some new synthesized drugs have shown better activities for the anti-inflammation.","PeriodicalId":377083,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117266801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：