5G networks are already being implemented around the globe. One of the most important enablers of their penetration are the Software Defined Networking (SDN) technologies and the Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) architecture, which allow the needed flexibility of the network and the composing elements. In such circumstances, the Internet-of-Things (IoT), which has been long awaited, is becoming feasible and economically reasonable. This setup has its challenges, especially due to the network expansion toward the edge, where the number of networking elements and service consumers is rapidly rising. The compute resources and the storage have to be brought in the network proximity of the access network, so that the latency of the service is kept under 1ms, which is one of the base 5G requirements. For our research, we have made an experimental setup of a distributed NFV architecture on a multiple geo-location, with a main objective to review the network latency caused by the architectural distribution of the services that are built in it. The results can be used by researchers and network architects to build reliable and costeffective distributed services with the lowest possible latency, as well as to plan possible disaster recovery scenarios when some physical location is unavailable.
{"title":"Impact of NFV resources distribution on inter-subnetwork latency","authors":"Gjorgji Ilievski, Pero Latkoski","doi":"10.5937/telfor2301014i","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/telfor2301014i","url":null,"abstract":"5G networks are already being implemented around the globe. One of the most important enablers of their penetration are the Software Defined Networking (SDN) technologies and the Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) architecture, which allow the needed flexibility of the network and the composing elements. In such circumstances, the Internet-of-Things (IoT), which has been long awaited, is becoming feasible and economically reasonable. This setup has its challenges, especially due to the network expansion toward the edge, where the number of networking elements and service consumers is rapidly rising. The compute resources and the storage have to be brought in the network proximity of the access network, so that the latency of the service is kept under 1ms, which is one of the base 5G requirements. For our research, we have made an experimental setup of a distributed NFV architecture on a multiple geo-location, with a main objective to review the network latency caused by the architectural distribution of the services that are built in it. The results can be used by researchers and network architects to build reliable and costeffective distributed services with the lowest possible latency, as well as to plan possible disaster recovery scenarios when some physical location is unavailable.","PeriodicalId":37719,"journal":{"name":"Telfor Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135494772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marko Barjaktarović, Massimo Santoni, Michele Faralli, Massimo Bertamini, Lorenzo Bruzzone
There is a constant push on agriculture to produce more food and other inputs for different industries. Precision agriculture is essential to meet these demands. The intake of this modern technology is rapidly increasing among large and medium-sized farms. However, small farms still struggle with their adaptation due to the expensive initial costs. A contribution in handling this challenge, this paper presents data gathering for testing an in-house made, cost-effective, multispectral camera to detect Flavescence dorée (FD). FD is a grapevine disease that, in the last few years, has become a major concern for grapevine producers across Europe. As a quarantine disease, mandatory control procedures, such as uprooting infected plants and removing all vineyard if the infection is higher than 20%, lead to an immense economic loss. Therefore, it is critical to detect each diseased plant promptly, thus reducing the expansion of Flavescence dorée. Data from two vineyards near Riva del Garda, Trentino, Italy, was acquired in 2022 using multispectral and hyperspectral cameras. The initial finding showed that there is a possibility to detect Flavescence dorée using Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) with hyperspectral data, obtaining an accuracy of 96.6 %. This result justifies future investigation on the use of multispectral images for Flavescence dorée detection.
不断推动农业生产更多的粮食和其他投入到不同的行业。精准农业对满足这些需求至关重要。大中型农场对这种现代技术的采用正在迅速增加。然而，由于昂贵的初始成本，小农场仍在努力适应。为了应对这一挑战，本文介绍了用于测试内部制造的、具有成本效益的多光谱相机的数据收集方法，以检测黄斑变性(FD)。FD是一种葡萄藤疾病，在过去的几年里，已经成为整个欧洲葡萄藤生产商的主要关注点。作为一种检疫性疾病，强制性控制程序，如连根拔起受感染的植物，如果感染率高于20%，则将所有葡萄园移走，会导致巨大的经济损失。因此，及时发现每一株病株是至关重要的，这样可以减少黄萎病的蔓延。数据来自意大利Trentino Riva del Garda附近的两个葡萄园，于2022年使用多光谱和高光谱相机获得。初步结果表明，利用高光谱数据进行线性判别分析(LDA)检测黄酮是可行的，准确率达96.6%。这一结果证明了在未来的研究中使用多光谱图像来检测黄萎病。
{"title":"Data acquisition for testing potential detection of Flavescence dorée with a designed, affordable multispectral camera","authors":"Marko Barjaktarović, Massimo Santoni, Michele Faralli, Massimo Bertamini, Lorenzo Bruzzone","doi":"10.5937/telfor2301002b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/telfor2301002b","url":null,"abstract":"There is a constant push on agriculture to produce more food and other inputs for different industries. Precision agriculture is essential to meet these demands. The intake of this modern technology is rapidly increasing among large and medium-sized farms. However, small farms still struggle with their adaptation due to the expensive initial costs. A contribution in handling this challenge, this paper presents data gathering for testing an in-house made, cost-effective, multispectral camera to detect Flavescence dorée (FD). FD is a grapevine disease that, in the last few years, has become a major concern for grapevine producers across Europe. As a quarantine disease, mandatory control procedures, such as uprooting infected plants and removing all vineyard if the infection is higher than 20%, lead to an immense economic loss. Therefore, it is critical to detect each diseased plant promptly, thus reducing the expansion of Flavescence dorée. Data from two vineyards near Riva del Garda, Trentino, Italy, was acquired in 2022 using multispectral and hyperspectral cameras. The initial finding showed that there is a possibility to detect Flavescence dorée using Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) with hyperspectral data, obtaining an accuracy of 96.6 %. This result justifies future investigation on the use of multispectral images for Flavescence dorée detection.","PeriodicalId":37719,"journal":{"name":"Telfor Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135496120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The performance of the class of sparse reconstruction algorithms which is based on the iterative thresholding is highly dependent on a selection of the appropriate threshold value, controlling a trade-off between the algorithm execution time and the solution accuracy. This is why most of the state-of-the-art reconstruction algorithms employ some method of decreasing the threshold value as the solution converges toward the optimal one. To address this problem we propose a data-driven adaptive threshold selection method based on the fast intersection of confidence intervals (FICI) method, with which we have augmented the two-step iterative shrinkage thresholding (TwIST) algorithm. The performance of the proposed algorithm, denoted as the FICI-TwIST algorithm, has been evaluated on a problem of image reconstruction with the missing pixels, exploiting image sparsity in the discrete cosine transformation domain. The obtained results have shown competitive performance in comparison with a number of state-of-the-art sparse reconstruction algorithms, even outperforming them in some scenarios.
{"title":"Adaptive thresholding for sparse image reconstruction","authors":"Ivan Volarić, Victor Sucic","doi":"10.5937/telfor2301008v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/telfor2301008v","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of the class of sparse reconstruction algorithms which is based on the iterative thresholding is highly dependent on a selection of the appropriate threshold value, controlling a trade-off between the algorithm execution time and the solution accuracy. This is why most of the state-of-the-art reconstruction algorithms employ some method of decreasing the threshold value as the solution converges toward the optimal one. To address this problem we propose a data-driven adaptive threshold selection method based on the fast intersection of confidence intervals (FICI) method, with which we have augmented the two-step iterative shrinkage thresholding (TwIST) algorithm. The performance of the proposed algorithm, denoted as the FICI-TwIST algorithm, has been evaluated on a problem of image reconstruction with the missing pixels, exploiting image sparsity in the discrete cosine transformation domain. The obtained results have shown competitive performance in comparison with a number of state-of-the-art sparse reconstruction algorithms, even outperforming them in some scenarios.","PeriodicalId":37719,"journal":{"name":"Telfor Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135496118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this work is to increase the protection of radio-electronic devices from illegal cloning, by studying a new physically unclonable functions (PUF) connected with the own electromagnetic radiation of a radio-electronic device. The work uses experimental research methods to record the electrical component of the electromagnetic field emitted by the product - the signal radio profile (SRP). Correlation analysis methods for product authentication, Pearson's statistical agreement method for identification are used. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using the SRP to identify a group of devices and radio-technical protection of a radio-electronic product from fakes and illegal copies.
{"title":"Study of a new method of radio-sensor identification of radio-electronic devices","authors":"Konstantin Boikov","doi":"10.5937/telfor2301026b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/telfor2301026b","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work is to increase the protection of radio-electronic devices from illegal cloning, by studying a new physically unclonable functions (PUF) connected with the own electromagnetic radiation of a radio-electronic device. The work uses experimental research methods to record the electrical component of the electromagnetic field emitted by the product - the signal radio profile (SRP). Correlation analysis methods for product authentication, Pearson's statistical agreement method for identification are used. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using the SRP to identify a group of devices and radio-technical protection of a radio-electronic product from fakes and illegal copies.","PeriodicalId":37719,"journal":{"name":"Telfor Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135494769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the growing impact of climate change, the occurrence of hazardous spatial events increases. Wireless sensor networks are suitable to sense, monitor, and report such events in remote or inaccessible locations. Hazardous events are rare compared to the network's lifetime, thus maintaining its consistency must be realized energy efficiently. During the impact, the network must monitor the event with precision, and report the incidence, while mitigating the loss of perishing nodes. To fulfill these requirements, we propose the Self-healing Multipath Routing Protocol that is based on the Heterogeneous Disjoint Multipath Routing Protocol and introduces application-specific extensions to improve network stability, resiliency, and failover. To realize the monitoring of spatially extended hazardous events we introduce an event-based, application-level protocol. To evaluate the routing protocol, we perform simulations utilizing a cellular automaton-based wildfire model as the spatial event and provide measurement results including delivery ratio, consumed energy, and protocol-specific metrics.
{"title":"Resilient multipath routing protocol to enable hazardous event monitoring with wireless sensor network","authors":"Bálint Üveges, Máté Lőrincz, András Oláh","doi":"10.5937/telfor2301020q","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/telfor2301020q","url":null,"abstract":"With the growing impact of climate change, the occurrence of hazardous spatial events increases. Wireless sensor networks are suitable to sense, monitor, and report such events in remote or inaccessible locations. Hazardous events are rare compared to the network's lifetime, thus maintaining its consistency must be realized energy efficiently. During the impact, the network must monitor the event with precision, and report the incidence, while mitigating the loss of perishing nodes. To fulfill these requirements, we propose the Self-healing Multipath Routing Protocol that is based on the Heterogeneous Disjoint Multipath Routing Protocol and introduces application-specific extensions to improve network stability, resiliency, and failover. To realize the monitoring of spatially extended hazardous events we introduce an event-based, application-level protocol. To evaluate the routing protocol, we perform simulations utilizing a cellular automaton-based wildfire model as the spatial event and provide measurement results including delivery ratio, consumed energy, and protocol-specific metrics.","PeriodicalId":37719,"journal":{"name":"Telfor Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135494546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper proposes and investigates the topology of a phase shifter based on a directional coupler. The dimensions of such a device are reduced by using artificial transmission lines instead of quarter-wave sections. By connecting several pairs of phase-shifting cells instead of the usual one, it was possible to obtain a phase shifter design with two phase shifts (instead of one).
{"title":"Compact two-position phase shifter","authors":"D. Letavin","doi":"10.5937/telfor2201039l","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/telfor2201039l","url":null,"abstract":"The paper proposes and investigates the topology of a phase shifter based on a directional coupler. The dimensions of such a device are reduced by using artificial transmission lines instead of quarter-wave sections. By connecting several pairs of phase-shifting cells instead of the usual one, it was possible to obtain a phase shifter design with two phase shifts (instead of one).","PeriodicalId":37719,"journal":{"name":"Telfor Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71140746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haris Turkmanović, I. Popović, Zoran Čiča, D. Drajić
The accelerated development of technologies, especially in the field of telecommunications, ease the integration of embedded devices within various IoT applications. Modern IoT applications assume heterogenous embedded platforms capable of collecting, processing, and exchanging data between the tiers of the IoT system architecture. Designing a multi-tier IoT system, even in the case of architecture that involves a small number of intelligent embedded devices, can be a very demanding process, especially when dealing with the strict requirements of IoT application concerning application performance, scalability, and energy consumption. In this paper, an open-source simulation framework for the performance analysis of an arbitrary multi-tiered IoT system is presented. Framework supports insight into the data availability within the tiers of IoT system enabling designers to evaluate the performance of IoT application and to engineer the system operation and deployment. Besides the performance analysis, proposed framework enables the analysis of energy consumption, architecture scalability utilizing different communication patterns and technologies. The case study of a large-scale IoT application for demonstrating the framework potential regarding the scalability and data availability analysis is also given.
{"title":"Simulation environment for scalability and performance analysis in hierarchically organized IoT systems","authors":"Haris Turkmanović, I. Popović, Zoran Čiča, D. Drajić","doi":"10.5937/telfor2202085t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/telfor2202085t","url":null,"abstract":"The accelerated development of technologies, especially in the field of telecommunications, ease the integration of embedded devices within various IoT applications. Modern IoT applications assume heterogenous embedded platforms capable of collecting, processing, and exchanging data between the tiers of the IoT system architecture. Designing a multi-tier IoT system, even in the case of architecture that involves a small number of intelligent embedded devices, can be a very demanding process, especially when dealing with the strict requirements of IoT application concerning application performance, scalability, and energy consumption. In this paper, an open-source simulation framework for the performance analysis of an arbitrary multi-tiered IoT system is presented. Framework supports insight into the data availability within the tiers of IoT system enabling designers to evaluate the performance of IoT application and to engineer the system operation and deployment. Besides the performance analysis, proposed framework enables the analysis of energy consumption, architecture scalability utilizing different communication patterns and technologies. The case study of a large-scale IoT application for demonstrating the framework potential regarding the scalability and data availability analysis is also given.","PeriodicalId":37719,"journal":{"name":"Telfor Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71141056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adi Putra, Gumelar Bimo, W. Teguh, Sulistyono Teguh, Alvin Julian, Gerardo Laksono, Nugraheni Diah
A social distancing protocol has been acknowledged and encouraged practically everywhere, since the global COVID-19 epidemic in 2020. This research resulted in the Serious game to simulate social distance using agent-based modeling so that it can be used as a medium of entertainment and educate the public during the Pandemic COVID-19 conditions by developing simulation games using UNITY 3D to educate in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic and reduce transmission rates on an individual scale.
{"title":"Serious game development of COVID-19 social distancing simulator using agent-based modelling","authors":"Adi Putra, Gumelar Bimo, W. Teguh, Sulistyono Teguh, Alvin Julian, Gerardo Laksono, Nugraheni Diah","doi":"10.5937/telfor2202079p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/telfor2202079p","url":null,"abstract":"A social distancing protocol has been acknowledged and encouraged practically everywhere, since the global COVID-19 epidemic in 2020. This research resulted in the Serious game to simulate social distance using agent-based modeling so that it can be used as a medium of entertainment and educate the public during the Pandemic COVID-19 conditions by developing simulation games using UNITY 3D to educate in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic and reduce transmission rates on an individual scale.","PeriodicalId":37719,"journal":{"name":"Telfor Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71141474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper presents the design, implementation and experimental testing of a hybrid power supply of telecommunication and measuring equipment incorporated in remote measuring stations, which are an integral part of the global Surveillance, Alert & Warning System (SAWS) in the Republic of Serbia. In these systems, it is very important to provide autonomy of permanent, reliable and quality power supply. In this case, the power supply system is in effect based on the use of solar energy i.e., photovoltaic (PV), in combination with the mains power supply 230V, 50Hz. Solar power is the primary source of power during the day, while in night conditions the secondary power supply is a distribution power grid (more precisely, the distribution power which is used for supplying the night street lighting). This hybrid power system is realized with two controlled chargers (MPPT solar and mains with input power factor correction), battery bank 12V/110Ah with the corresponding system for its monitoring and secondary DC/DC power converters for supplying telecommunication and measuring electronic modules. The key implementation and experimental results obtained during the realization of a SAWS remote measuring station on the river Ub (municipality of Ub), will be presented in the paper.
{"title":"Design, implementation and experimental testing of a hybrid power supply of remote measuring station in the Surveillance, Alert & Warning System (SAWS)","authors":"Željko V. Despotović, Marko Tajdić","doi":"10.5937/telfor2201012d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/telfor2201012d","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the design, implementation and experimental testing of a hybrid power supply of telecommunication and measuring equipment incorporated in remote measuring stations, which are an integral part of the global Surveillance, Alert & Warning System (SAWS) in the Republic of Serbia. In these systems, it is very important to provide autonomy of permanent, reliable and quality power supply. In this case, the power supply system is in effect based on the use of solar energy i.e., photovoltaic (PV), in combination with the mains power supply 230V, 50Hz. Solar power is the primary source of power during the day, while in night conditions the secondary power supply is a distribution power grid (more precisely, the distribution power which is used for supplying the night street lighting). This hybrid power system is realized with two controlled chargers (MPPT solar and mains with input power factor correction), battery bank 12V/110Ah with the corresponding system for its monitoring and secondary DC/DC power converters for supplying telecommunication and measuring electronic modules. The key implementation and experimental results obtained during the realization of a SAWS remote measuring station on the river Ub (municipality of Ub), will be presented in the paper.","PeriodicalId":37719,"journal":{"name":"Telfor Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71140779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article aims to present a comprehensive Logical Framework for Information Technology (IT) Research, specifically for developing customized IT applications or software. The methodology of writing this article uses a content analysis with the main source of literature review, Focus Discussion Group, and also based on the experience and knowledge of the authors as lecturers of Software Engineering and Software Project Management. This article shows that although current IT development approaches or methodologies (especially software development methodology) continue to develop, good IT design is carried out through six main stages, namely planning, analysis, design, construction, implementation, and maintenance. The success of IT implementation depends on the good process of all stages of IT design. The involvement of all actors/ stakeholders in IT design is essential to be accommodated at all stages of IT design. Quality also becomes the main goal and controls every process of IT development.
{"title":"Logical framework of information technology: Systematization of software development research","authors":"Maylawati Sa'adillah, Ramdhani Ali","doi":"10.5937/telfor2201026s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/telfor2201026s","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to present a comprehensive Logical Framework for Information Technology (IT) Research, specifically for developing customized IT applications or software. The methodology of writing this article uses a content analysis with the main source of literature review, Focus Discussion Group, and also based on the experience and knowledge of the authors as lecturers of Software Engineering and Software Project Management. This article shows that although current IT development approaches or methodologies (especially software development methodology) continue to develop, good IT design is carried out through six main stages, namely planning, analysis, design, construction, implementation, and maintenance. The success of IT implementation depends on the good process of all stages of IT design. The involvement of all actors/ stakeholders in IT design is essential to be accommodated at all stages of IT design. Quality also becomes the main goal and controls every process of IT development.","PeriodicalId":37719,"journal":{"name":"Telfor Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71140798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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