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Comparison of machine learning approaches to emotion recognition based on deap database physiological signals 基于深度数据库生理信号的情绪识别机器学习方法比较
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/telfor2202073s
Tamara Stajić, J. Jovanović, Nebojša Jovanović, M. Janković
Recognizing and accurately classifying human emotion is a complex and challenging task. Recently, great attention has been paid to the emotion recognition methods using three different approaches: based on non-physiological signals (like speech and facial expression), based on physiological signals, or based on hybrid approaches. Non-physiological signals are easily controlled by the individual, so these approaches have downsides in real world applications. In this paper, an approach based on physiological signals which cannot be willingly influenced (electroencephalogram, heartrate, respiration, galvanic skin response, electromyography, body temperature) is presented. A publicly available DEAP database was used for the binary classification (high vs low for various threshold values) considering four frequently used emotional parameters (arousal, valence, liking and dominance). We have extracted 1490 features from the dataset, analyzed their predictive value for each emotion parameter and compared three different classification approaches - Support Vector Machine, Boosting algorithms and Artificial Neural Networks.
识别和准确分类人类情感是一项复杂而具有挑战性的任务。近年来,基于非生理信号(如语音和面部表情)、基于生理信号和基于混合方法的情感识别方法得到了广泛的关注。非生理信号很容易被个体控制,所以这些方法在现实世界的应用中有缺点。本文提出了一种基于不受自愿影响的生理信号(脑电图、心率、呼吸、皮肤电反应、肌电图、体温)的方法。一个公开可用的DEAP数据库被用于二元分类(不同阈值的高与低),考虑四个常用的情绪参数(唤醒、效价、喜欢和支配)。我们从数据集中提取了1490个特征,分析了它们对每个情绪参数的预测值,并比较了三种不同的分类方法——支持向量机、增强算法和人工神经网络。
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引用次数: 2
Prototype wireless network for internet of things based on DECT standard 基于DECT标准的物联网无线网络原型
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/telfor2201008s
Ivan V. Sinyavskiy, Igor M. Sorokin, A. Sukhov
This paper presents a software prototype of a wireless network for the Internet of Things (IoT) based on the DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunication) standard. It proposes an architecture for encapsulating commands from the most common IoT protocol, MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport), into SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) packets. A module is created to embed MQTT-SN (MQTT for Sensor Networks) packets into SIP packets. The module is developed in Go language using the built-in "net" library. Delivery of MQTT-SN packets to IoT devices is carried out using the SIP protocol. Source codes and instructions for installing the gateway can be found at https://github.com/iSinyavsky/mqtt-sn-sip-gateway.
本文提出了一种基于DECT(数字增强无线通信)标准的物联网无线网络的软件原型。它提出了一种架构,用于将最常见的物联网协议MQTT(消息队列遥测传输)中的命令封装到SIP(会话发起协议)数据包中。创建一个模块来将MQTT- sn(用于传感器网络的MQTT)数据包嵌入到SIP数据包中。该模块使用Go语言开发,使用内置的“net”库。MQTT-SN报文通过SIP协议传输到物联网设备。安装网关的源代码和说明可以在https://github.com/iSinyavsky/mqtt-sn-sip-gateway上找到。
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引用次数: 0
Software optimization for fast encoding and decoding of Reed-Solomon codes 软件优化快速编码和解码里德-所罗门码
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/telfor2202056s
Sergey Skorokhod, Andrey Barlit
In this work, we propose a software library written in C for encoding and decoding Reed-Solomon codes. Library consists of one scalar CODEC and two vectorized codecs for x86 architecture. Vectorized codecs use the benefits of SSSE3 or AVX2 instruction sets. We compare the performance of our three codecs with the JPWL RS CODEC from the Open JPEG library. The performance comparison methodology is described, and it is based on the measuring of the encoding and decoding speed. The results demonstrate a 4.1x speed gain with the scalar CODEC and a 19.6x gain with the vectorized CODEC. Based on testing results and supported instruction sets, a dynamic selection of CODEC version is proposed.
在这项工作中,我们提出了一个用C语言编写的软件库,用于编码和解码里德-所罗门码。库由一个标量编解码器和两个面向x86架构的矢量编解码器组成。向量化编解码器利用了SSSE3或AVX2指令集的优点。我们将这三种编解码器的性能与Open JPEG库中的JPWL RS编解码器进行了比较。描述了性能比较的方法,它是基于对编码和解码速度的测量。结果表明,标量编解码器的速度增益为4.1倍,矢量编解码器的速度增益为19.6倍。基于测试结果和支持的指令集,提出了一种CODEC版本的动态选择方法。
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引用次数: 0
System for 3D mapping using affordable LIDAR 系统3D地图使用实惠的激光雷达
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/telfor2202067k
Veličko Krsmanović, M. Barjaktarović, A. Gavrovska
In this paper a new system for 3D (three-dimensional) mapping using affordable LIDAR (light detection and ranging) is presented. The implementation of LIDAR technology-based approach enables obtaining a point cloud as a representation of indoor surrounding. In recent years with the help of LIDAR this kind of sensing has found numerous applications across various industries. Here, a cloud of points is generated during room scanning using Arduino platform based rotating system. The obtained results are promising, and the proposed solution can find its practical application in different fields. Moreover, it can provide many possibilities for future experiments with surrounding mappings, image matching, autonomous driving, obstacle observation, collision avoidance, material type detection such as transparent ones.
本文介绍了一种利用激光雷达(光探测和测距)进行三维测绘的新系统。基于激光雷达技术的方法的实现可以获得点云作为室内环境的表示。近年来,在激光雷达的帮助下,这种传感已经在各个行业中得到了广泛的应用。在这里,使用基于Arduino平台的旋转系统在房间扫描过程中产生一个点云。所得结果令人满意,所提出的解决方案在不同领域具有实际应用价值。此外,它还可以为未来的周围映射、图像匹配、自动驾驶、障碍物观察、避碰、材料类型检测(如透明材料)等实验提供许多可能性。
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引用次数: 0
On guaranteed correction of error patterns with artificial neural networks 基于人工神经网络的误差模式保证校正
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/telfor2202051b
Srdan Brkic, P. Ivaniš, B. Vasic
In this paper, we analyze applicability of single-and two-hidden-layer feed-forward artificial neural networks, SLFNs and TLFNs, respectively, in decoding linear block codes. Based on the provable capability of SLFNs and TLFNs to approximate discrete functions, we discuss sizes of the network capable to perform maximum likelihood decoding. Furthermore, we propose a decoding scheme, which use artificial neural networks (ANNs) to lower the error-floors of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. By learning a small number of error patterns, uncorrectable with typical decoders of LDPC codes, ANN can lower the error-floor by an order of magnitude, with only marginal average complexity incense.
本文分析了单隐层前馈人工神经网络(SLFNs)和双隐层前馈人工神经网络(TLFNs)在线性分组码译码中的适用性。基于slfn和tlfn可证明的逼近离散函数的能力,我们讨论了能够执行最大似然解码的网络的大小。此外,我们提出了一种利用人工神经网络(ann)来降低低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码的错误层的译码方案。通过学习少量错误模式(LDPC码的典型解码器无法纠正),人工神经网络可以将错误层降低一个数量级,而平均复杂度仅为边际。
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引用次数: 0
Event-based approach for analyzing and designing system: A case study of designing curriculum system 基于事件的系统分析与设计方法——以课程系统设计为例
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/telfor2201033a
Yanti Andriyani, Al Aminuddin, Evfi Mahdiyah, N. Ario
Designing a system is an important step in the software development process. A use case diagram (UCD) and a class diagram (CD) are the most used diagrams in designing a system. This case study aims to explore the implementation of an event-based approach using the event table (ET) to design the Outcome-based Education Curriculum System (OBECS). In generating a UCD of OBECS, the event-based approach involves three processes: (1) identifying actors and the relationship between actors; (2) identifying use cases and the relationships of the use cases; and (3) generating UCD. Meanwhile, there are four processes in the event-based approach which can be used to generate a CD of OBECS namely: (1) identifying the classes for each event or action using the ET;(2) identifying the relationships between sources and objects; (3) identifying the class' attributes and methods; and (4) integrating all classes. Our study proposes a clear and simple concept to generate a UCD and CD in designing a system. It is expected that the result of the current study could help a software designer in modelling the system from the system requirement.
系统设计是软件开发过程中的一个重要步骤。用例图(UCD)和类图(CD)是设计系统时最常用的图。本案例研究旨在探索使用事件表(ET)来设计基于结果的教育课程系统(obics)的基于事件的方法的实施。在生成OBECS的UCD时,基于事件的方法涉及三个过程:(1)识别参与者和参与者之间的关系;(2)识别用例和用例之间的关系;(3)产生UCD。同时,在基于事件的方法中,有四个过程可用于生成obec的CD,即:(1)使用ET识别每个事件或动作的类;(2)识别源和对象之间的关系;(3)识别类的属性和方法;(4)对所有类进行积分。我们的研究提出了一个清晰和简单的概念来生成一个系统的UCD和CD。预期本研究的结果可协助软件设计师根据系统需求建立系统的模型。
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引用次数: 0
A comparative study of deep learning and decision tree based ensemble learning algorithms for network traffic identification 深度学习与基于决策树的集成学习算法在网络流量识别中的比较研究
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/telfor2202061n
Nedeljko Nikolić, S. Tomovic, I. Radusinović
In this paper, we apply Deep Learning (DL) and decision-tree-based ensemble learning algorithms to classify network traffic by application. Various Deep Learning (DL) models for network traffic identification have been presented, implemented and compared, including 1D convolutional, stacked autoencoder, multi-layer perceptron, and combination of the aforementioned. Then the results of DL models have been compared to those obtained with two popular ensemble learning models based on decision trees-Random Forest and XGBoost. To train and test the classification models, a dataset containing both encrypted and unencrypted traffic has been collected in a real network, under normal operating conditions, and pre-processed in a way that ensures non-biased results. The classification uncertainties of the models have been also quantified on publicly available ISCX VPN-nonVPN dataset. The models have been compared in terms of precision, recall, F1 score and accuracy, for different levels of complexity and training dataset sizes. The evaluation results indicate that the decision-tree ensemble learning algorithms provide more accurate results and outperform the DL algorithms. The performance gap reduces with the dataset complexity.
在本文中,我们应用深度学习和基于决策树的集成学习算法对网络流量进行应用分类。各种用于网络流量识别的深度学习(DL)模型已经提出、实现和比较,包括1D卷积、堆叠自编码器、多层感知器以及上述模型的组合。然后将深度学习模型的结果与两种流行的基于决策树的集成学习模型——随机森林和XGBoost的结果进行了比较。为了训练和测试分类模型,在正常运行条件下,在真实网络中收集了包含加密和未加密流量的数据集,并以确保结果无偏的方式进行了预处理。模型的分类不确定性也在公开可用的ISCX vpn -非vpn数据集上进行了量化。对于不同的复杂程度和训练数据集大小,这些模型在精度、召回率、F1分数和准确性方面进行了比较。评估结果表明,决策树集成学习算法提供了更准确的结果,并且优于深度学习算法。性能差距随着数据集复杂性的降低而减小。
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引用次数: 0
Role of sensors in the paradigm of industry 4.0 and IIoT 传感器在工业4.0和工业物联网范式中的作用
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/telfor2202091p
A. Porokhnya, Ilia Yakimenko
The purpose of this article is to review new trends in monitoring the condition of oil on all factory area processes. New solutions are being introduced into this industry with new advantages in the development of artificial intelligence, as well as machine learning and sensor technologies, which are applicable for data-based maintenance. They are called predictive maintenance. This paradigm is going to replace the old one. It changes the traditional routine preventive maintenance scheme and provides a deep understanding of the equipment performance [1]. Monitoring and checkout of conditions are necessary to maintain in a real-time environment because on-line control of equipment status can put down an operating cost, by eliminating the need for equipment outage for everyday diagnostics. The analysis based on oil samples is an effective tribotechnical systems approach for early diagnosis of failures, as it contains valuable information about the process of degradation of oil and the state of tribotechnical pairs [2]. But there are some problems with this method. The first is the way of oil sampling. There are lots of mistakes that may be made during the oil sampling process, and they can affect the results. The second is a delivery to laboratory which complicates the diagnostic process. That's why we cannot say this approach is an on-line method of diagnostics. For the better prognosis of pending machinery failure one needs to know a real-time correlation between size, shapes, and concentration of wear debris parts [3].
本文的目的是回顾在所有工厂区域过程中监测油品状况的新趋势。新的解决方案正在引入这个行业,在人工智能以及机器学习和传感器技术的发展方面具有新的优势,这些技术适用于基于数据的维护。它们被称为预测性维护。这种模式将取代旧的模式。它改变了传统的例行预防性维护方案,提供了对设备性能的深入了解。在实时环境中,监测和检查条件是必要的,因为设备状态的在线控制可以降低运营成本,消除了设备停机进行日常诊断的需要。基于油样的分析是早期诊断故障的有效摩擦系统方法,因为它包含有关油降解过程和摩擦副状态的有价值信息。但是这种方法存在一些问题。首先是采油方式。在采油过程中可能会出现很多错误,从而影响采油结果。第二种是送到实验室,这使诊断过程变得复杂。这就是为什么我们不能说这种方法是一种在线诊断方法。为了更好地预测即将发生的机械故障,需要了解磨损碎片零件[3]的尺寸、形状和集中程度之间的实时相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of reactive service function path discovery in symmetrical environment 对称环境下响应式服务功能路径发现的评价
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/telfor2201002m
M. Mihaeljans, A. Skrastins
In this paper we continue our study of path discovery process for Service Function Chaining (SFC) in Software Defined Network (SDN). By default, service function (SF) paths are established proactively - before data transmission takes place. We have argued that this constraint can be eliminated with the use of our proposed Reactive SF path discovery approach. Such SFs as network address translation (NAT) or stateful firewall (FW) are SF path's symmetry dependent requiring a visit of both ingress and egress flows. Thus, we evaluated SF path discovery processes in Mininet emulation network. Outcome of this study is a comparison of proactive and reactive SF path discovery processes for both asymmetrical and symmetrical SF paths. It shows that even in symmetrical environment reactive SF path discovery has a higher probability of successful SF path detection.
本文继续研究软件定义网络(SDN)中业务功能链(SFC)的路径发现过程。缺省情况下,在数据传输前主动建立SF (service function)路径。我们认为,使用我们提出的反应性SF路径发现方法可以消除这种约束。诸如网络地址转换(NAT)或有状态防火墙(FW)之类的安全通道依赖于安全路径的对称性,需要访问入口和出口流。因此,我们评估了Mininet仿真网络中的SF路径发现过程。本研究的结果是比较不对称和对称SF路径的主动和被动路径发现过程。结果表明,即使在对称环境下,反应性顺势路径发现也具有较高的顺势路径检测成功概率。
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引用次数: 0
Reliability testing, noise and error correction of real quantum computing devices 真实量子计算设备的可靠性测试、噪声和纠错
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/telfor2101041g
P. I. Galanis, K. Savvas, V. A. Chernov, A. M. Butakova
From Pharmacology to Cryptography and from Geology to Astronomy are some of the scientific fields in which Quantum Computing potentially will take off and fly high. Big Quantum Computing vendors invest a large amount of money in improving the hardware and they claim that soon enough a quantum program will be hundreds of thousands of times faster than a typical one we know nowadays. But still the reliability of such systems is the main obstacle. In this work, the reliability of real quantum devices is tested and techniques of noise and error correction are presented while measurement error mitigation is explored. In addition, a well-known string matching algorithm (Bernstein-Vazirani) was applied to the real quantum computing device in order to measure its accuracy and reliability. Simulated environments were also used in order to evaluate the results. The results obtained, even if these were not 100% accurate, are very promising which proves that even these days a quantum computer working side by side with a typical one is reliable and especially when error mitigation techniques are applied.
从药理学到密码学,从地质学到天文学,这些都是量子计算有可能腾飞的科学领域。大型量子计算供应商投入了大量资金来改进硬件,他们声称很快量子程序将比我们现在所知道的典型程序快数十万倍。但这些系统的可靠性仍然是主要障碍。在这项工作中,测试了真实量子器件的可靠性,提出了噪声和误差校正技术,同时探索了测量误差缓解。此外,将一种著名的字符串匹配算法(Bernstein-Vazirani)应用到实际的量子计算设备中,以衡量其准确性和可靠性。为了评估结果,还使用了模拟环境。所获得的结果,即使这些不是100%准确,也非常有希望,这证明即使在今天,量子计算机与典型计算机并排工作也是可靠的,特别是在应用错误缓解技术时。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Telfor Journal
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