Endocrinologia, Diabetes y Nutricion最新文献

Background and objective

Posthemithyroidectomy hypothyroidism (PHH) is a relatively common complication (22-30%) for which we have no published information from our country. The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of PHH and evaluate its predictive markers by comparing patients who had euthyroidism with those who had hyperthyroidism before hemithyroidectomy.

Patients and method

Retrospective observational cross-sectional study on 106 patients, 88 euthyroid before hemithyroidectomy and 18 hyperthyroid.

Results

Prevalence of PHH in euthyroid patients 42% (89.2% subclinical hypothyroidism; 10.8% manifest hypothyroidism) and in hyperthyroid patients 50% (77.8% subclinical hypothyroidism; 22.2% manifest hypothyroidism). Predictive markers in euthyroid patients: preoperative thyrotropin ≥ 2.2 mIU/L (OR: 4.278, 95% CI: 1.689-10.833; sensitivity: 54.1%, 95% CI: 38-70.1%; specificity:78.4%, 95% CI:67.1-89.7%), age ≥ 50 years (OR: 3.509, 95% CI: 1.438-8.563; sensitivity: 64.9%, 95% CI: 49.5-80.3%; specificity: 64.7%, 95% CI: 51.6-77.8%) and percentage of remainder lobe ≤ 19.6% (OR: 1.024, 95% CI: 1.002-1.046; sensitivity: 70.2%, 95% CI: 55.5-84.9%; specificity: 48.6%, 95% CI: 34.9-62.3%). Predictive marker in hyperthyroid patients: weight > 70 kg (OR: 28, 95% CI: 2.067-379.247; sensitivity: 88.9%, 95% CI: 68.4-100%; specificity: 88.9%, 95% CI:68.4-100%).

Conclusions

This is the first study in our country that demonstrates a prevalence of PHH above the average in euthyroid patients, which is slightly higher and more intense in hyperthyroid patients, and that recognizes the classic predictive markers in euthyroid patients but highlights a novel predictive marker marker in hyperthyroid patients, useful to assess a different risk of PHH when indicating hemithyroidectomy and to establish closer control of postoperative hormonal evolution.

Introduction

All-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality (CVM) risk can be very high in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) with previous cardiovascular disease (CVD). Our objective was to determine this risk among the different clinical spectrum of CVD.

Material and methods

The DIABET-IC trial is a multicenter, prospective, observational, and analytical study. Consecutive subjects with DM2 attending our outpatients’ clinics were recruited. Data on clinical features, lab test results, and echocardiographic measures were collected.

Patients were categorized depending on the presence and type of CVD: heart failure (HF), coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD).

All-cause mortality and CVM were the dependent variables analyzed. Mortality rate was expressed as deaths per 1000 patients-year. Cox proportional hazards regressions models were used to establish the mortality risk associated with every type of CVD.

Results

We studied a total of 1246 patients (mean age, 6.3 (SD: 9.9) years; 31.6%, female) with an initial prevalence of CVD of 59.3%. A total of 122 deaths (46 due to CVD) occurred at the 2.6-year follow-up. All-cause and CVM rates associated with the presence of PAD (85.6/1000 and 33.6/1000, respectively) and HF (72.9/1000 and 28.7/1000 respectively) were the most elevated of all.

In multivariate analysis, HF increased all-cause mortality risk (HR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.03-2.58; P = .037) and the risk of CVM (HR: 3.41; 95% CI: 1.68-6.93; P = .001).

Conclusions

Mortality among DM2 patients is highly increased in the presence of HF and PAD. This justifies the screening of these conditions to intensify therapeutic strategies.

Objective

To investigate the overall effect of whey protein supplementation on skeletal muscle mass in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

Systematic review of reports on corporal muscle mass from clinical trials that assessed the use of whey protein supplementation by means of validated techniques in patients with T2DM. PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, LILACS, and SciELO databases were searched up to April 2022. Risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool. We conducted a qualitative synthesis of information.

Results

Four studies (424 participants) that met the selection criteria were identified out of 1,787 records. Of these, 3 studies assessed the total muscle mass using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and 1 reported changes to the transverse diameter of the vastus lateralis muscle with ultrasound imaging. In the intervention groups, DXA assessments demonstrated an increase in total muscle mass in 3 studies and in the appendicular muscle mass in 2. Changes to the proportion of muscle mass were not seen in the DXA studies and only a discrete difference was seen in the comparative groups studied by ultrasound imaging.

Conclusion

Following the administration of whey protein supplementation in patients with T2DM, a partially positive effect was seen in skeletal muscle mass gain with a moderate certainty of evidence.

Background and objective

The high incidence of nodular thyroid pathology has led to growing concern about the economic impact that this pathology represents on the healthcare system. There are conclusive data about the cost-effectiveness of high-resolution units for nodular thyroid pathology; however, their implementation is not homogeneous in the Endocrinology and Nutrition departments of our country. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the economic impact of the implementation of the high-resolution thyroid nodule unit (HRTNU) in our center.

Patients and methods

The present work is a prospective, observational and descriptive study carried out in 1314 patients (82% women, mean age 58 years [DS: 11]) evaluated at the HRTNU during the period of August 2022-August 2023. Demographic data (age and sex) were analyzed, referral center and consultation type, number of total consultations and neck ultrasound performed, number of fine needle aspiration (FNAB) performed, and cytology results were analyzed.

Results

In the period from August 2022 to August 2023, a total of 1314 patients were evaluated (neck ultrasound and clinical consultation) and a total of 133 FNAB were performed, of which only 2.26% were non-diagnostic. Compared to the percentage of unsatisfactory FNAB from the previous year August 2021-July 2022 of 25%, a mean saving of 9,931.43 euros was estimated. 84.47% of the patients evaluated for the first time by the HRTNU were discharged, estimating a mean saving of 133,200 euros.

Conclusions

The implementation of a HRTNU at the Endocrinology and Nutrition departments, coordinated with primary and specialized care, is a cost-effectiveness alternative, as it reduces the number of medical consultations and is accompanied by a higher rate of diagnostic FNAB.

Paragangliomas (PGLs) are rare and encapsulated neuroendocrine tumors (NET), located in the adrenal gland or the extra-adrenal paraganglia. Extra-adrenal PGLs may develop a gangliocytic component with ganglion cells which are called gangliocytic paragangliomas (GPs). The most common location is the duodenum, and they appear with digestive symptoms or as an incidental finding.

We described a 43 years old patient, with epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting. The CT-scan reveals a nodular image in the duodenum. An ultrasound-guided FNA was performed and the pathological report revealed neuroendocrine cell groups and neural tissue. Surgery was the chosen treatment. As the patient did not present lymphatic or pancreatic parenchyma invasion, radiotherapy (RT) was not administered.

The management of GPs is not well established and multidisciplinary team approach is recommended to lead to therapeutic options. Surgical resection is still key in the treatment, and adjuvant RT may be considered in cases of lymph node invasion.

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Introduction

Materials and methods

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