Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/21619441.2021.1928960
L. Marshall
African diaspora foodways stand at a crossroads between necessity and expression, biology and culture, sustenance and pleasure. Eating is a biological imperative. But foods are also deeply imbued with cultural meaning. Enslaved African and African American cooks in the Americas created meals that reflected their varied African homelands as well as European and Native American influences. Indeed, Peggy Brunache (2011, 180–182) has argued that this culinary creolization began before enslaved people reached the New World; captives were provided a mixture of culturally familiar and unfamiliar provisions on ships, including American-grown crops like maize. Even under the extreme and deprived conditions of the Middle Passage, newly enslaved people exercised some agency in relation to their food consumption—for example, a first-hand observer in the 1700s reported that captives sometimes refused to eat broad beans, instead tossing them overboard (Brunache 2011, 183). From the beginning, then, the foods of African descendant people in the Americas were profoundly embedded in broader social systems of control and resistance. As Alexandra Crowder (2021) explains, a forced and abrupt change in diet for enslaved captives newly arrived in the Americas was both culturally disorienting and dehumanizing. Indeed, it was designed to be so. Food played a continuing role in social control on plantations as well; the enslaved relied on their enslavers for either direct provisions, an allotment of time to grow their own food, or some mixture of both. These provisions of food and time, of course, could be withheld. As much as food remained a tool of social control on the part of slave owners, for enslaved people, it was also a means of resistance to that control. In a recent study of provisioning at Jesuit haciendas in Peru, Brendan Weaver, Lizette Muñoz, and Karen Durand (2019, 1016) observed that “Foodways among the enslaved populations ... stand at the intersection of top-down and bottom-up processes at the estates.” Brunache argued a similar point when she identified the
{"title":"African Diaspora Foodways in Social and Cultural Context","authors":"L. Marshall","doi":"10.1080/21619441.2021.1928960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21619441.2021.1928960","url":null,"abstract":"African diaspora foodways stand at a crossroads between necessity and expression, biology and culture, sustenance and pleasure. Eating is a biological imperative. But foods are also deeply imbued with cultural meaning. Enslaved African and African American cooks in the Americas created meals that reflected their varied African homelands as well as European and Native American influences. Indeed, Peggy Brunache (2011, 180–182) has argued that this culinary creolization began before enslaved people reached the New World; captives were provided a mixture of culturally familiar and unfamiliar provisions on ships, including American-grown crops like maize. Even under the extreme and deprived conditions of the Middle Passage, newly enslaved people exercised some agency in relation to their food consumption—for example, a first-hand observer in the 1700s reported that captives sometimes refused to eat broad beans, instead tossing them overboard (Brunache 2011, 183). From the beginning, then, the foods of African descendant people in the Americas were profoundly embedded in broader social systems of control and resistance. As Alexandra Crowder (2021) explains, a forced and abrupt change in diet for enslaved captives newly arrived in the Americas was both culturally disorienting and dehumanizing. Indeed, it was designed to be so. Food played a continuing role in social control on plantations as well; the enslaved relied on their enslavers for either direct provisions, an allotment of time to grow their own food, or some mixture of both. These provisions of food and time, of course, could be withheld. As much as food remained a tool of social control on the part of slave owners, for enslaved people, it was also a means of resistance to that control. In a recent study of provisioning at Jesuit haciendas in Peru, Brendan Weaver, Lizette Muñoz, and Karen Durand (2019, 1016) observed that “Foodways among the enslaved populations ... stand at the intersection of top-down and bottom-up processes at the estates.” Brunache argued a similar point when she identified the","PeriodicalId":37778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21619441.2021.1928960","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47461651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/21619441.2021.1909403
Barnet Pavão-Zuckerman, Scott Oliver, Chance H. Copperstone, Matthew Reeves, M. Harte
ABSTRACT American Southern foodways emerged in large part within the kitchens of slave plantations, where enslaved Black cooks incorporated African, Native American, and European practices and foods to create distinctly American food traditions. We use animal remains excavated from James Madison’s Montpelier to illuminate early American cuisines in the Virginia piedmont. Black foodways at Montpelier were not monolithic. Pork and beef were the dominant meats consumed by all enslaved community members, and all communities supplemented their rations with their own subsistence pursuits to some extent. However, differential access to time, technology, and contact with white enslavers led to disparate circumstances for enslaved communities in terms of their relative reliance on rationed meats versus wild game, particularly fish.
{"title":"African American Culinary History and the Genesis of American Cuisine: Foodways and Slavery at Montpelier","authors":"Barnet Pavão-Zuckerman, Scott Oliver, Chance H. Copperstone, Matthew Reeves, M. Harte","doi":"10.1080/21619441.2021.1909403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21619441.2021.1909403","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT American Southern foodways emerged in large part within the kitchens of slave plantations, where enslaved Black cooks incorporated African, Native American, and European practices and foods to create distinctly American food traditions. We use animal remains excavated from James Madison’s Montpelier to illuminate early American cuisines in the Virginia piedmont. Black foodways at Montpelier were not monolithic. Pork and beef were the dominant meats consumed by all enslaved community members, and all communities supplemented their rations with their own subsistence pursuits to some extent. However, differential access to time, technology, and contact with white enslavers led to disparate circumstances for enslaved communities in terms of their relative reliance on rationed meats versus wild game, particularly fish.","PeriodicalId":37778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21619441.2021.1909403","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49128703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/21619441.2021.1902228
D. Wallman
ABSTRACT The colonial Caribbean was the site of dynamic interaction between groups of Europeans, Africans, and Indigenous peoples, structured by vast power inequalities. With the emergence of the plantation system, enslaved Africans and their descendants were forced to navigate a violent and lethal system. Food insecurity remained a central struggle within their lives. In this article, I review zooarchaeological studies from 15 sites of enslavement throughout the Caribbean to examine the strategies developed by enslaved peoples to survive. The data reveal variation in the specific taxa consumed, but also show common practices, marked by some combination of domestic livestock, local fish and shellfish, and the supplemental procurement of wild resources. These practices form the roots of contemporary Caribbean cuisine, which developed through the maintenance and transformation of traditional knowledge, and became resilient features of community and household economies and social identity for enslaved peoples and their descendants.
{"title":"Subsistence as Transformative Practice: The Zooarchaeology of Slavery in the Colonial Caribbean","authors":"D. Wallman","doi":"10.1080/21619441.2021.1902228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21619441.2021.1902228","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The colonial Caribbean was the site of dynamic interaction between groups of Europeans, Africans, and Indigenous peoples, structured by vast power inequalities. With the emergence of the plantation system, enslaved Africans and their descendants were forced to navigate a violent and lethal system. Food insecurity remained a central struggle within their lives. In this article, I review zooarchaeological studies from 15 sites of enslavement throughout the Caribbean to examine the strategies developed by enslaved peoples to survive. The data reveal variation in the specific taxa consumed, but also show common practices, marked by some combination of domestic livestock, local fish and shellfish, and the supplemental procurement of wild resources. These practices form the roots of contemporary Caribbean cuisine, which developed through the maintenance and transformation of traditional knowledge, and became resilient features of community and household economies and social identity for enslaved peoples and their descendants.","PeriodicalId":37778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21619441.2021.1902228","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46158152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21619441.2020.1840837
Corey A. H. Sattes, J. Marcoux, Sarah E. Platt, M. Zierden, Ron Anthony
ABSTRACT Colonoware, a low-fired earthenware made by enslaved Africans, African Americans, and Native Americans, is a crucial source for exploring the formation and materialization of colonial identities. Yet, the origins and ethnic associations of this enigmatic colonial potting tradition have long been debated. Recent ethnographic studies of African ceramic traditions have led to our reexamination of a surface treatment lately identified on colonoware vessels in South Carolina. Our analysis focuses on colonoware sherds from two eighteenth-century sites in Charleston as well as an additional unprovenienced vessel from the Horry County Museum. Through experimental replication and cross-regional comparison, this paper argues that the application of “folded strip rouletting” on colonoware in South Carolina is related to contemporaneous decorative techniques practiced in West and northern Central Africa. The sherds analyzed in this article thus represent the first clear published example of a decorative African potting technique identified in the colonial United States.
{"title":"Preliminary Identification of African-Style Rouletted Colonoware in the Colonial South Carolina Lowcountry","authors":"Corey A. H. Sattes, J. Marcoux, Sarah E. Platt, M. Zierden, Ron Anthony","doi":"10.1080/21619441.2020.1840837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21619441.2020.1840837","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Colonoware, a low-fired earthenware made by enslaved Africans, African Americans, and Native Americans, is a crucial source for exploring the formation and materialization of colonial identities. Yet, the origins and ethnic associations of this enigmatic colonial potting tradition have long been debated. Recent ethnographic studies of African ceramic traditions have led to our reexamination of a surface treatment lately identified on colonoware vessels in South Carolina. Our analysis focuses on colonoware sherds from two eighteenth-century sites in Charleston as well as an additional unprovenienced vessel from the Horry County Museum. Through experimental replication and cross-regional comparison, this paper argues that the application of “folded strip rouletting” on colonoware in South Carolina is related to contemporaneous decorative techniques practiced in West and northern Central Africa. The sherds analyzed in this article thus represent the first clear published example of a decorative African potting technique identified in the colonial United States.","PeriodicalId":37778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21619441.2020.1840837","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46228383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21619441.2020.1835296
J. Mehta, Bradley J. Mollmann
ABSTRACT New Orleans is a place of living history, a wounded but vibrant place. The shadow of the past is omnipresent, and it confronts the present daily as statues that commemorate the Confederate army are taken down and colonial pottery washes out of roadcuts. Teaching the history of the Transatlantic Slave Trade, which spanned from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries and resulted in millions of Africans becoming enslaved in the New World, was an eye-opening experience. As both college instructors and high school educators in the city, we were fortunate to teach on many topics related to the beginnings of the slave trade, the role of sugar in plantation slavery, and the complicated lives of free people of color and Creoles in French Colonial Louisiana and its western frontier. Here we present a reflection on learning and teaching in a city steeped in the history of slavery.
{"title":"Reflections on Teaching the History of Colonization, Slavery, and the African Diaspora Using Primary Sources and Historical Fiction","authors":"J. Mehta, Bradley J. Mollmann","doi":"10.1080/21619441.2020.1835296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21619441.2020.1835296","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT New Orleans is a place of living history, a wounded but vibrant place. The shadow of the past is omnipresent, and it confronts the present daily as statues that commemorate the Confederate army are taken down and colonial pottery washes out of roadcuts. Teaching the history of the Transatlantic Slave Trade, which spanned from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries and resulted in millions of Africans becoming enslaved in the New World, was an eye-opening experience. As both college instructors and high school educators in the city, we were fortunate to teach on many topics related to the beginnings of the slave trade, the role of sugar in plantation slavery, and the complicated lives of free people of color and Creoles in French Colonial Louisiana and its western frontier. Here we present a reflection on learning and teaching in a city steeped in the history of slavery.","PeriodicalId":37778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21619441.2020.1835296","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49020043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21619441.2020.1858387
Amoaba Gooden, V. C. R. Hackett
ABSTRACT The period between 1965 and 2001 witnessed a dramatic population movement of Black people into lands currently called Canada. Over 500,000 Caribbean people arrived as “landed immigrants” during this period, bringing the total Black population to over one million by 2016. Motivated by economic and political upheavals, thousands of African Caribbean immigrants left their homes in search of a better life. This large inflow of Black immigrants altered the Canadian political and cultural landscapes and ultimately changed the face of Southwestern Ontario. Using data collected from our research project on African Caribbean people in Canada, we examine the lived experiences of this Black immigrant population. This paper utilizes Stuart Hall’s framing of race, representation, (un)belonging, and identity to explore the particularities of African Caribbean immigration experiences in Canada; we show that Blackness, Black identity, and belonging in Canada are not fixed in their meaning, but rather represent a contested terrain.
{"title":"Encountering the Metropole: Stuart Hall, Race, (Un)Belonging, and Identity in Canada: Exploring the African Caribbean Immigration Experience","authors":"Amoaba Gooden, V. C. R. Hackett","doi":"10.1080/21619441.2020.1858387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21619441.2020.1858387","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The period between 1965 and 2001 witnessed a dramatic population movement of Black people into lands currently called Canada. Over 500,000 Caribbean people arrived as “landed immigrants” during this period, bringing the total Black population to over one million by 2016. Motivated by economic and political upheavals, thousands of African Caribbean immigrants left their homes in search of a better life. This large inflow of Black immigrants altered the Canadian political and cultural landscapes and ultimately changed the face of Southwestern Ontario. Using data collected from our research project on African Caribbean people in Canada, we examine the lived experiences of this Black immigrant population. This paper utilizes Stuart Hall’s framing of race, representation, (un)belonging, and identity to explore the particularities of African Caribbean immigration experiences in Canada; we show that Blackness, Black identity, and belonging in Canada are not fixed in their meaning, but rather represent a contested terrain.","PeriodicalId":37778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21619441.2020.1858387","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41763527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-08DOI: 10.1080/21619441.2019.1686909
Rebecca Schumann
Economic and racial inequalities impact how sites are or are not recognized as having the attributes necessary to meet the criteria for historical preservation and commemoration, either under priva...
经济和种族不平等影响了遗址是否被认为具有满足历史保护和纪念标准所需的属性，无论是在私人情况下。。。
{"title":"Overcoming the Silence: Race, Archaeology, and Memory","authors":"Rebecca Schumann","doi":"10.1080/21619441.2019.1686909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21619441.2019.1686909","url":null,"abstract":"Economic and racial inequalities impact how sites are or are not recognized as having the attributes necessary to meet the criteria for historical preservation and commemoration, either under priva...","PeriodicalId":37778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21619441.2019.1686909","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44559732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-16DOI: 10.1080/21619441.2019.1674482
Helen C. Blouet
ABSTRACTWith reference to the Bravo Network’s reality television program, Southern Charm, this paper explores how television programs and social media sites can serve as a platform to discuss the i...
{"title":"Past Reality Meets Reality Television and Social Media:Southern Charmas a Tool in Education, Outreach, and Scholarship","authors":"Helen C. Blouet","doi":"10.1080/21619441.2019.1674482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21619441.2019.1674482","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTWith reference to the Bravo Network’s reality television program, Southern Charm, this paper explores how television programs and social media sites can serve as a platform to discuss the i...","PeriodicalId":37778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21619441.2019.1674482","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45384236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-02DOI: 10.1080/21619441.2020.1721178
N. Finneran, C. Welch
The Garifuna (“Black Carib”) peoples of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (SVG) define their ethnogenesis in the intermixing of escaped enslaved Africans with indigenous “Island Carib” or Kalinago p...
{"title":"Out of the Shadow of Balliceaux: From Garifuna Place of Memory to Garifuna Sense of Place in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Eastern Caribbean","authors":"N. Finneran, C. Welch","doi":"10.1080/21619441.2020.1721178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21619441.2020.1721178","url":null,"abstract":"The Garifuna (“Black Carib”) peoples of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (SVG) define their ethnogenesis in the intermixing of escaped enslaved Africans with indigenous “Island Carib” or Kalinago p...","PeriodicalId":37778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21619441.2020.1721178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44848865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-02DOI: 10.1080/21619441.2019.1726613
M. Franklin, Nedra K. Lee
Following emancipation, relatively few African Americans held the status of landowning farmers. Within the context of racial and economic subjugation, these individuals struggled to maintain their ...
{"title":"Revitalizing Tradition and Instigating Change: Foodways at the Ransom and Sarah Williams Farmstead, c. 1871–1905","authors":"M. Franklin, Nedra K. Lee","doi":"10.1080/21619441.2019.1726613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21619441.2019.1726613","url":null,"abstract":"Following emancipation, relatively few African Americans held the status of landowning farmers. Within the context of racial and economic subjugation, these individuals struggled to maintain their ...","PeriodicalId":37778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21619441.2019.1726613","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49054004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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