Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-134-136
D. Pechkurov, A. A. Romanova, A. Tyazheva
Clostridium difficile infection is currently a serious medical and epidemiological problem due to a significant and steady increase in the incidence of this pathology. An important causal factor in the increased incidence of Clostridium difficile infection is a widespread and often uncontrolled use of antibiotic therapy. The difficulty in diagnosing Clostridium difficile lies in a wide range of clinical manifestations of this infection, from mild diarrhea to pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon, colon perforation, and multiple organ failure, resulting in a high mortality rate and prolonged length of stay in intensive care units. This article presents a clinical case of Clostridium difficile-associated infection in a 14-year-old boy. An important diagnostic feature of this case is the chronic course of infection, the clinical picture being dominated by pain, hyperthermia, and intoxication without diarrhea, as well as the presence of enterobiasis. This clinical example shows that Clostridium difficile-associated infection does not always present with diarrhea. The etiology of the disease in this case was confirmed not only by the detection of specific Clostridium difficile toxins in the patient’s stool samples, but also by clear positive dynamics with the administration of etiotropic therapy. This article describes the stages of differential diagnostic search and the choice of treatment tactics for Clostridium difficile infection. Key words: clostridium infection, children
{"title":"Clinical case of atypical presentation of Clostridium difficile infection combined with enterobiasis in a 14-year-old child","authors":"D. Pechkurov, A. A. Romanova, A. Tyazheva","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-134-136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-134-136","url":null,"abstract":"Clostridium difficile infection is currently a serious medical and epidemiological problem due to a significant and steady increase in the incidence of this pathology. An important causal factor in the increased incidence of Clostridium difficile infection is a widespread and often uncontrolled use of antibiotic therapy. The difficulty in diagnosing Clostridium difficile lies in a wide range of clinical manifestations of this infection, from mild diarrhea to pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon, colon perforation, and multiple organ failure, resulting in a high mortality rate and prolonged length of stay in intensive care units. This article presents a clinical case of Clostridium difficile-associated infection in a 14-year-old boy. An important diagnostic feature of this case is the chronic course of infection, the clinical picture being dominated by pain, hyperthermia, and intoxication without diarrhea, as well as the presence of enterobiasis. This clinical example shows that Clostridium difficile-associated infection does not always present with diarrhea. The etiology of the disease in this case was confirmed not only by the detection of specific Clostridium difficile toxins in the patient’s stool samples, but also by clear positive dynamics with the administration of etiotropic therapy. This article describes the stages of differential diagnostic search and the choice of treatment tactics for Clostridium difficile infection. Key words: clostridium infection, children","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67728095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2022-1-91-98
A. A. Khamatova, A. Mazus, L. N. Mazankova, T. A. Chebotareva, Yu.F. Vlatskaya
The review provides up-to-date statistical data on the prevalence, transmission routes, and risks of perinatal transmission of hepatitis C virus, immunodeficiency virus, and variants of their co-infections from mother to child. The increase in the number of HIV/HCV co-infected women of reproductive age makes it urgent to develop a strategy for the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV/HCV co-infection based on the treatment of viral hepatitis C during pregnancy planning and three-stage prevention of perinatal transmission of HIV infection at the onset of pregnancy. Key words: HIV infection, chronic viral hepatitis C, HIV/HCV co-infection, perinatal HIV transmission, perinatal transmission of viral hepatitis C infection, risks of perinatal HIV transmission, risks of perinatal hepatitis C virus transmission, risk factors for perinatal HIV/HCV co-infection transmission
{"title":"Prevalence of HIV/HCV co-infection in pregnant women. Risk factors for perinatal transmission of HIV/HCV","authors":"A. A. Khamatova, A. Mazus, L. N. Mazankova, T. A. Chebotareva, Yu.F. Vlatskaya","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2022-1-91-98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2022-1-91-98","url":null,"abstract":"The review provides up-to-date statistical data on the prevalence, transmission routes, and risks of perinatal transmission of hepatitis C virus, immunodeficiency virus, and variants of their co-infections from mother to child. The increase in the number of HIV/HCV co-infected women of reproductive age makes it urgent to develop a strategy for the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV/HCV co-infection based on the treatment of viral hepatitis C during pregnancy planning and three-stage prevention of perinatal transmission of HIV infection at the onset of pregnancy. Key words: HIV infection, chronic viral hepatitis C, HIV/HCV co-infection, perinatal HIV transmission, perinatal transmission of viral hepatitis C infection, risks of perinatal HIV transmission, risks of perinatal hepatitis C virus transmission, risk factors for perinatal HIV/HCV co-infection transmission","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67728142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-17-25
A. Khasanova, M. Kostinov, I. Soloveva, О.V. Kalinovskaya, E. Khromova, A. N. Shuvalov, T. S. Guseva
Secretory immunoglobulin A, as a marker of the immune response in the mucous membrane, is an available indicator for detecting changes in the local immunity of mucous patients who have undergone COVID-19. Objective. To evaluate the dynamics of changes in the level of sIgA in saliva samples and the effectiveness of the use of interferon α-2b in individuals after a coronavirus infection. Patients and methods. Patients aged 18 to 60 years after COVID-19 infection (group 1 on therapy, n = 65; group 2 without therapy, n = 65) and conditionally healthy individuals (control group, n = 15) were monitored. The material is saliva samples, where the sIgA level was determined initially and after a month. The drug – interferon α-2b, in the form of a gel for topical use (Viferon®, dosage 36,000 IU/g) was administered intranasally 2 times a day, for 1 month. Results. In all groups of patients who underwent COVID-19, the level of saliva sIgA was lower compared to the conditional norm of healthy individuals (6,45 ± 1,81 mg/ml). A month after the administration of interferon α-2b the best effect was observed in patients in the time interval of 1–3 months from the infection, where sIgA was noted a statistically significant increase from 1,84 ± 0,28 to 5,78 ± 1,96 mg/ml. In the groups of patients with later terms, a moderate increase in sIgA was determined (3–6 months: 2,83 ± 0,71 to 3,33 ± 1,78 mg/ml; 6–9 months: 3,53 ± 0,45 to 4,76 ± 2,3 mg/ml) and the absence of infectious diseases during rehabilitation period. In the group without therapy, in all temporal aspects, a persistent decrease in sIgA indicators below normal values was revealed, and the frequency of incidence of respiratory viral infections was noted in 9,2% of cases. Conclusions. During the rehabilitation period, the greatest changes in sIgA in saliva were observed in patients in the first 3 months after the COVID infection. The administration of interferon α-2b to patients in the post-COVID period is accompanied by the normalization of sIgA and prevents the development of respiratory infections. In similar groups, after COVID-19 without therapy, the indicator tends to decrease, and this category of people is at a higher risk of developing other infectious pathologies. Key words: interferon α-2b, COVID-19, mucosal immunity, post-COVID period, secretory immunoglobulin A, saliva
{"title":"Features of secretory immunoglobulin a in patients after COVID-19 infection","authors":"A. Khasanova, M. Kostinov, I. Soloveva, О.V. Kalinovskaya, E. Khromova, A. N. Shuvalov, T. S. Guseva","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-17-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-17-25","url":null,"abstract":"Secretory immunoglobulin A, as a marker of the immune response in the mucous membrane, is an available indicator for detecting changes in the local immunity of mucous patients who have undergone COVID-19. Objective. To evaluate the dynamics of changes in the level of sIgA in saliva samples and the effectiveness of the use of interferon α-2b in individuals after a coronavirus infection. Patients and methods. Patients aged 18 to 60 years after COVID-19 infection (group 1 on therapy, n = 65; group 2 without therapy, n = 65) and conditionally healthy individuals (control group, n = 15) were monitored. The material is saliva samples, where the sIgA level was determined initially and after a month. The drug – interferon α-2b, in the form of a gel for topical use (Viferon®, dosage 36,000 IU/g) was administered intranasally 2 times a day, for 1 month. Results. In all groups of patients who underwent COVID-19, the level of saliva sIgA was lower compared to the conditional norm of healthy individuals (6,45 ± 1,81 mg/ml). A month after the administration of interferon α-2b the best effect was observed in patients in the time interval of 1–3 months from the infection, where sIgA was noted a statistically significant increase from 1,84 ± 0,28 to 5,78 ± 1,96 mg/ml. In the groups of patients with later terms, a moderate increase in sIgA was determined (3–6 months: 2,83 ± 0,71 to 3,33 ± 1,78 mg/ml; 6–9 months: 3,53 ± 0,45 to 4,76 ± 2,3 mg/ml) and the absence of infectious diseases during rehabilitation period. In the group without therapy, in all temporal aspects, a persistent decrease in sIgA indicators below normal values was revealed, and the frequency of incidence of respiratory viral infections was noted in 9,2% of cases. Conclusions. During the rehabilitation period, the greatest changes in sIgA in saliva were observed in patients in the first 3 months after the COVID infection. The administration of interferon α-2b to patients in the post-COVID period is accompanied by the normalization of sIgA and prevents the development of respiratory infections. In similar groups, after COVID-19 without therapy, the indicator tends to decrease, and this category of people is at a higher risk of developing other infectious pathologies. Key words: interferon α-2b, COVID-19, mucosal immunity, post-COVID period, secretory immunoglobulin A, saliva","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67728352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-59-66
M. Nguyen, T. Pham, T. Nguyen, V. Khuu, M. H. Le, Q. T. Le, M.D. Chau, V. Nguyen, N. Tran, Q. Hoang
Serum HBV DNA levels reflect the ability of hepatitis B virus (HBV) to spread and replicate. In pregnant women, when HBV DNA levels are more than 200,000 IU/mL, they are advised to use antiviral therapy to prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). However, the HBV DNA test is expensive and not available in all health facilities. Quantitative HBsAg (qHBsAg) assay is cheaper and may replace the HBV DNA test. Objective. To determine the correlation between qHBsAg and HBV DNA levels in pregnant women. Patients and methods. Pregnant women with HBV were recruited in three hospitals from October 2019 to November 2020. A total of 665 women were examined. Among them, 417 women in the quantification range of HBV DNA test were selected for analysis. The mean age was 29.30 years (range: 18–43). The blood samples were taken for the qHBsAg assay and viral load test. The qHBsAg test was quantified by electrochemiluminescence, and the viral load test was measured by a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results. There was a strong correlation between qHBsAg and HBV DNA levels (r = 0.64, p < 0.001; n = 417). The correlation was strong in the HBeAg-positive group (r = 0.79, p < 0.001; n = 112), and there was no correlation in the HBeAg-negative group (r = 0.06, p = 0.41; n = 177). This correlation was stronger in the group of young women (18–35 years old) than in the group of older women (36–43 years old). Conclusion. In pregnant women with HBV infection, qHBsAg and viral load levels had a positive correlation, especially in the HBeAg-positive and the young women groups. The qHBsAg assay may replace the HBV DNA test when deciding on antiviral treatment in facilities with limited conditions to prevent MTCT. Key words: hepatitis B virus, quantitative HBsAg, HBV DNA test, pregnant women, mother-to-child transmission
{"title":"Quantitative HBsAg and HBV DNA levels: correlation in pregnant women with hepatitis B virus infection in Southern Viet Nam","authors":"M. Nguyen, T. Pham, T. Nguyen, V. Khuu, M. H. Le, Q. T. Le, M.D. Chau, V. Nguyen, N. Tran, Q. Hoang","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-59-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-59-66","url":null,"abstract":"Serum HBV DNA levels reflect the ability of hepatitis B virus (HBV) to spread and replicate. In pregnant women, when HBV DNA levels are more than 200,000 IU/mL, they are advised to use antiviral therapy to prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). However, the HBV DNA test is expensive and not available in all health facilities. Quantitative HBsAg (qHBsAg) assay is cheaper and may replace the HBV DNA test. Objective. To determine the correlation between qHBsAg and HBV DNA levels in pregnant women. Patients and methods. Pregnant women with HBV were recruited in three hospitals from October 2019 to November 2020. A total of 665 women were examined. Among them, 417 women in the quantification range of HBV DNA test were selected for analysis. The mean age was 29.30 years (range: 18–43). The blood samples were taken for the qHBsAg assay and viral load test. The qHBsAg test was quantified by electrochemiluminescence, and the viral load test was measured by a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results. There was a strong correlation between qHBsAg and HBV DNA levels (r = 0.64, p < 0.001; n = 417). The correlation was strong in the HBeAg-positive group (r = 0.79, p < 0.001; n = 112), and there was no correlation in the HBeAg-negative group (r = 0.06, p = 0.41; n = 177). This correlation was stronger in the group of young women (18–35 years old) than in the group of older women (36–43 years old). Conclusion. In pregnant women with HBV infection, qHBsAg and viral load levels had a positive correlation, especially in the HBeAg-positive and the young women groups. The qHBsAg assay may replace the HBV DNA test when deciding on antiviral treatment in facilities with limited conditions to prevent MTCT. Key words: hepatitis B virus, quantitative HBsAg, HBV DNA test, pregnant women, mother-to-child transmission","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67728270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-35-40
A. V. Polunina, V. Novikova, A. E. Blinov, O.N. Varlamova, A. Belova, A. L. Balashov, S. L. Bannova, P. Vorontsov, S.V. Belevich
Fecal zonulin is currently used as a biomarker of intestinal permeability. Objective. To assess the state of intestinal permeability in a novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in children based on the determination of fecal zonulin levels. Patients and methods. Fecal zonulin levels were assessed in 35 children with COVID-19, which was mild in most of them. Fecal sampling was performed at the time of diagnosis and 14 days after the start of observation. Patients were then randomized into two groups. Group 1 (study, n = 19) received Maxilac® Baby synbiotic (2 sachets once a day) for 1 month, group 2 (control, n = 16) did not receive any probiotics, prebiotics, and adsorbents for a month; the third stool sampling was performed 1 month after the second. The study was carried out by enzyme immunoassay using the IDK Zonulin ELISA test system (Immundiagnostik AG, Germany). Results. Fecal zonulin levels were 77.38 ± 12.59 ng/mL at the beginning of the disease, 76.26 ± 13.10 ng/mL on day 14, and 82.64 ± 11.99 ng/mL after one month (p1–2 = 0.75; p1–3 = 0.04; p2–3 = 0.04). Children who received Maxilac® Baby for a month did not have significant increases in zonulin levels (76.26 ± 13.10 ng/mL and 79.02 ± 11.87 ng/mL; p = 0.40), while the control group demonstrated significantly elevated zonulin levels (76.26 ± 13.10 ng/mL and 87.95 ± 10.96 ng/mL; p = 0.048). Conclusion. A month after the coronavirus infection, the intestinal permeability in children increases significantly, whereas it does not change during the course of the disease. Administration of Maxilac® Baby synbiotic in children who had a mild-tomoderate coronavirus infection and did not receive antibiotics effectively prevents intestinal permeability disorders in them. Key words: children, SARS-CoV-2, zonulin, coronavirus infection, intestinal permeability, COVID-19
{"title":"Dynamics of fecal zonulin levels in COVID-19 and in the post-covid period in children","authors":"A. V. Polunina, V. Novikova, A. E. Blinov, O.N. Varlamova, A. Belova, A. L. Balashov, S. L. Bannova, P. Vorontsov, S.V. Belevich","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-35-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-35-40","url":null,"abstract":"Fecal zonulin is currently used as a biomarker of intestinal permeability. Objective. To assess the state of intestinal permeability in a novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in children based on the determination of fecal zonulin levels. Patients and methods. Fecal zonulin levels were assessed in 35 children with COVID-19, which was mild in most of them. Fecal sampling was performed at the time of diagnosis and 14 days after the start of observation. Patients were then randomized into two groups. Group 1 (study, n = 19) received Maxilac® Baby synbiotic (2 sachets once a day) for 1 month, group 2 (control, n = 16) did not receive any probiotics, prebiotics, and adsorbents for a month; the third stool sampling was performed 1 month after the second. The study was carried out by enzyme immunoassay using the IDK Zonulin ELISA test system (Immundiagnostik AG, Germany). Results. Fecal zonulin levels were 77.38 ± 12.59 ng/mL at the beginning of the disease, 76.26 ± 13.10 ng/mL on day 14, and 82.64 ± 11.99 ng/mL after one month (p1–2 = 0.75; p1–3 = 0.04; p2–3 = 0.04). Children who received Maxilac® Baby for a month did not have significant increases in zonulin levels (76.26 ± 13.10 ng/mL and 79.02 ± 11.87 ng/mL; p = 0.40), while the control group demonstrated significantly elevated zonulin levels (76.26 ± 13.10 ng/mL and 87.95 ± 10.96 ng/mL; p = 0.048). Conclusion. A month after the coronavirus infection, the intestinal permeability in children increases significantly, whereas it does not change during the course of the disease. Administration of Maxilac® Baby synbiotic in children who had a mild-tomoderate coronavirus infection and did not receive antibiotics effectively prevents intestinal permeability disorders in them. Key words: children, SARS-CoV-2, zonulin, coronavirus infection, intestinal permeability, COVID-19","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67728584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-42-49
A. Ploskireva, A. Gorelov, L. Golden, S. V. Nikolaeva, E. Simkova
Antibiotic therapy is an integral part of current therapeutic practice to save patients’ lives. However, as with any therapeutic intervention, the development of adverse events is possible, one of which is the antibiotic-associated syndrome (AAS). Objective. To study the pathogenetic features of AAS extraintestinal manifestations using a biological model as an example. Materials and methods. This study was conducted using the biological model (outbred male mice) between 2019 and 2020 on the basis of the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor. Experimental animals were injected with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefotaxime in two therapeutic doses, average and maximum. The recalculation of drug doses was carried out depending on the animal’s body weight. The comparison was performed in four study groups and one control group, which were distinguished according to the dose and type of antibacterial agent. The histological examination of internal organs (large intestine, small intestine, liver, pancreas, kidney, lung, heart, testicles, spleen, stomach, duodenum, skin, bladder) was conducted at two time points: 24 hours after antibiotic administration and 7 days after the end of antibiotic therapy. Results. The results of histological examination at the first time point (24 hours after antibiotic administration) demonstrated that the use of the studied antibacterial agents at the average therapeutic dose did not cause significant morphological changes in the organs of mice, while the administration of maximum dose led to the development of reactive changes, primarily in the vascular system. The results of histological examination in the experimental groups at the second control time point (7 days after the end of antibiotic therapy) showed a systemic reaction in the organs of mice, expressed primarily in perivascular leukocyte infiltration. Similar changes were registered in the group of experimental animals that were injected with average therapeutic doses of antibacterial agents. Conclusion. AAS is characterized by systemic and homogeneous pathomorphological changes in various tissues, which explains not only the development of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, but also its extraintestinal symptoms. Our findings allow to suggest that antibiotics, especially when used irrationally, increase the risks of pathology associated with a systemic inflammatory response, in particular atherosclerosis and obesity, at the population level. Key words: antibiotic-associated diarrhea, antibiotic-associated syndrome
{"title":"Evaluation of pathogenetic features of antibiotic-associated syndrome using a biological model","authors":"A. Ploskireva, A. Gorelov, L. Golden, S. V. Nikolaeva, E. Simkova","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-42-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-42-49","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic therapy is an integral part of current therapeutic practice to save patients’ lives. However, as with any therapeutic intervention, the development of adverse events is possible, one of which is the antibiotic-associated syndrome (AAS). Objective. To study the pathogenetic features of AAS extraintestinal manifestations using a biological model as an example. Materials and methods. This study was conducted using the biological model (outbred male mice) between 2019 and 2020 on the basis of the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor. Experimental animals were injected with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefotaxime in two therapeutic doses, average and maximum. The recalculation of drug doses was carried out depending on the animal’s body weight. The comparison was performed in four study groups and one control group, which were distinguished according to the dose and type of antibacterial agent. The histological examination of internal organs (large intestine, small intestine, liver, pancreas, kidney, lung, heart, testicles, spleen, stomach, duodenum, skin, bladder) was conducted at two time points: 24 hours after antibiotic administration and 7 days after the end of antibiotic therapy. Results. The results of histological examination at the first time point (24 hours after antibiotic administration) demonstrated that the use of the studied antibacterial agents at the average therapeutic dose did not cause significant morphological changes in the organs of mice, while the administration of maximum dose led to the development of reactive changes, primarily in the vascular system. The results of histological examination in the experimental groups at the second control time point (7 days after the end of antibiotic therapy) showed a systemic reaction in the organs of mice, expressed primarily in perivascular leukocyte infiltration. Similar changes were registered in the group of experimental animals that were injected with average therapeutic doses of antibacterial agents. Conclusion. AAS is characterized by systemic and homogeneous pathomorphological changes in various tissues, which explains not only the development of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, but also its extraintestinal symptoms. Our findings allow to suggest that antibiotics, especially when used irrationally, increase the risks of pathology associated with a systemic inflammatory response, in particular atherosclerosis and obesity, at the population level. Key words: antibiotic-associated diarrhea, antibiotic-associated syndrome","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67728592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-98-103
L. Alimova, А.А. Grishaeva, E. Burdakova, N.T. Shapieva, A. M. Domkina, A. Kruglov, Z. Ponezheva
Objective. To analyze clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and meningococcal co-infection. Patients and methods. We analyzed cases of mixed infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 and meningococci in 8 patients treated in Moscow Multidisciplinary Clinical Center ‘Kommunarka.’ We used mass spectrometry for microbiological examination followed by culturing in accordance with the results of examination. All patients were tested positive for COVID-19 by PCR and meningococcal infection by bacteriological method. Results. Patients were admitted to hospital on average 5.88 ± 4.2 days after COVID-19 onset. Two patients had moderate disease, whereas 6 patients had severe disease and were admitted to the intensive care unit. Study participants presented with different forms of meningococcal infection, including nasopharyngitis (n = 1), meningitis (n = 1), pneumonia (n = 2), meningococcemia (n = 3), and mixed form meningitis and meningococcemia (n = 1). Fatal outcome was observed in 37.5% of cases. Conclusion. The problem of meningococcal infection remains highly relevant during the COVID–19 pandemic. Сo-infection is characterized by an increase in the proportion of rare forms (pneumonia), which requires special attention of clinicians. The implementation of mass spectrometry will allow early detection of meningococcal infection in patients with rare forms and timely initiation of adequate and optimal therapy. Key words: meningococcal infection, COVID–19, co-infection.
{"title":"Clinical and laboratory characteristic of patients with COVID-19 and meningococcal co-infection","authors":"L. Alimova, А.А. Grishaeva, E. Burdakova, N.T. Shapieva, A. M. Domkina, A. Kruglov, Z. Ponezheva","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-98-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-98-103","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To analyze clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and meningococcal co-infection. Patients and methods. We analyzed cases of mixed infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 and meningococci in 8 patients treated in Moscow Multidisciplinary Clinical Center ‘Kommunarka.’ We used mass spectrometry for microbiological examination followed by culturing in accordance with the results of examination. All patients were tested positive for COVID-19 by PCR and meningococcal infection by bacteriological method. Results. Patients were admitted to hospital on average 5.88 ± 4.2 days after COVID-19 onset. Two patients had moderate disease, whereas 6 patients had severe disease and were admitted to the intensive care unit. Study participants presented with different forms of meningococcal infection, including nasopharyngitis (n = 1), meningitis (n = 1), pneumonia (n = 2), meningococcemia (n = 3), and mixed form meningitis and meningococcemia (n = 1). Fatal outcome was observed in 37.5% of cases. Conclusion. The problem of meningococcal infection remains highly relevant during the COVID–19 pandemic. Сo-infection is characterized by an increase in the proportion of rare forms (pneumonia), which requires special attention of clinicians. The implementation of mass spectrometry will allow early detection of meningococcal infection in patients with rare forms and timely initiation of adequate and optimal therapy. Key words: meningococcal infection, COVID–19, co-infection.","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67728991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-83-91
V. Pustovoyt, T. Astrelina, E. I. Balakin, I. Kobzeva, A. A. Stepanov, A. Sinitsyna, A. Izotov, T. Butkova, A. E. Belorusova, A. Samoilov
Objective. Evaluate the cytotoxicity of a new chemical compound «ACVR-IN-01» (in vitro) on a culture of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Materials and methods. The characterized MSC culture of the 4th passage from the biobank of cell cultures was used. Test samples «ACVR-IN-01» were prepared at concentrations of 25, 200 and 400 μg/ml. For each tested concentration of «ACVRIN-01» cultivation was carried out in triplicate. A visual assessment of the state of the cell culture was performed after 24, 48 hours and 7 days. The assessment of the functional state of MSCs was carried out by identifying the total number of viable cells and immunophenotypic studies of cell culture. Results. Cultivation of MSCs in a complete growth medium with «ACVR-IN-01» at a concentration of 25, 200 and 400 μg/ml for 7 days does not affect the expression of CD90 and CD105 antigens at all points of observation in vitro. Cultivation of MSCs in a complete growth medium with «ACVR-IN-01» at concentrations of 25, 200 and 400 μg/ml for 7 days did not cause the expression of CD34 and CD45 antigens at all in vitro observation points. Conclusion. The chemical compound «ACVR-IN-01» does not have a significant effect on the linear affiliation of MSCs. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of the test substance «ACVR-IN-01» (400 μg/ml) on a cell culture in a complete growth medium showed a pronounced decrease in the expression of the CD73 antigen on the 7th day of the experimental in vitro study, accompanied by a loss of the differentiation potential of MSCs in the osteogenic and chondrogenic direction. Key words: herpes virus infection, cytotoxicity, mesenchymal stromal cells, «ACVR-IN-01»
{"title":"Evaluation of in vitro cytotoxicity of «ACVR-IN-01» in a human mesenchymal stromal cell model","authors":"V. Pustovoyt, T. Astrelina, E. I. Balakin, I. Kobzeva, A. A. Stepanov, A. Sinitsyna, A. Izotov, T. Butkova, A. E. Belorusova, A. Samoilov","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-83-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-83-91","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Evaluate the cytotoxicity of a new chemical compound «ACVR-IN-01» (in vitro) on a culture of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Materials and methods. The characterized MSC culture of the 4th passage from the biobank of cell cultures was used. Test samples «ACVR-IN-01» were prepared at concentrations of 25, 200 and 400 μg/ml. For each tested concentration of «ACVRIN-01» cultivation was carried out in triplicate. A visual assessment of the state of the cell culture was performed after 24, 48 hours and 7 days. The assessment of the functional state of MSCs was carried out by identifying the total number of viable cells and immunophenotypic studies of cell culture. Results. Cultivation of MSCs in a complete growth medium with «ACVR-IN-01» at a concentration of 25, 200 and 400 μg/ml for 7 days does not affect the expression of CD90 and CD105 antigens at all points of observation in vitro. Cultivation of MSCs in a complete growth medium with «ACVR-IN-01» at concentrations of 25, 200 and 400 μg/ml for 7 days did not cause the expression of CD34 and CD45 antigens at all in vitro observation points. Conclusion. The chemical compound «ACVR-IN-01» does not have a significant effect on the linear affiliation of MSCs. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of the test substance «ACVR-IN-01» (400 μg/ml) on a cell culture in a complete growth medium showed a pronounced decrease in the expression of the CD73 antigen on the 7th day of the experimental in vitro study, accompanied by a loss of the differentiation potential of MSCs in the osteogenic and chondrogenic direction. Key words: herpes virus infection, cytotoxicity, mesenchymal stromal cells, «ACVR-IN-01»","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67729202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2021-1-39-57
K. Zhdanov, R. Khamitov, V. Rafalsky, M. P. Mikhaylusova, Yu.S. Shapovalova, R. Oseshnyuk, D. Alpenidze, Saint Petersburg Russian Federation City Polyclinic No
Objective. A multicenter open-label randomized controlled clinical trial was aimed to compare the efficacy of the study drug (SD) containing technologically processed affinity purified antibodies (high dilutions) to IFN-γ, CD4 receptor and histamine (Ergoferon) with oseltamivir, and evaluate the influence of SD on the antiviral immune response in adults with seasonal influenza. Patients and methods. 184 outpatients aged 18–70 with confirmed influenza of mild/moderate severity were included and randomized into 2 groups (in a 1:1 ratio). Patients received SD (Group 1, n = 92) or oseltamivir (Group 2, n = 92), according to the instructions for medical use for 5 days. As the primary endpoint, the percentage of patients with recovery/improvement was assessed (according to the data of the patient's diary on days 2–7 and according to the clinical examination on days 3 and 7). Additionally, the duration and severity of influenza symptoms, the percentage of patients with virus elimination (according to RT-PCR of nasopharyngeal samples), the percentage of patients with complications, the percentage of patients prescribed antipyretic drugs, the change in concentration of T cell (IL-2, IL-18, IFN-γ) and B cell antigen-specific (IL-4, IL-16) immune response regulators in serum, the leukocyte phenotypes on days 1, 3 and 7 were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using a “Non-Inferiority” design (or no less efficiency/safety). Intention-to-Treat (ITT) analysis data are presented. Results. According to patients’ self-assessment, 53.3% of patients in Group 1 recovered/improved on the 6th day in the morning and 65.2% – in the evening (vs. 53.3% and 57.6% in Group 2, respectively). There were 73.9% recovered/ improved patients on the 7th day in the morning (vs. 67.4% in Group 2). A generalized analysis showed that the treatment results in both groups were comparable (p < 0.0001). According to objective medical examination, 79.3% of patients in the SD group and 74.0% of patients in the Оseltamivir group recovered/improved on the 7th day (p < 0.0001). The antiviral efficacy of SD was not inferior to oseltamivir, which was confirmed by comparable periods of virus elimination, duration and severity of fever and other influenza symptoms. A moderate activating effect of SD on the immune system was evaluated. A significant, compared to oseltamivir, increase in the concentration of IL-2 and IL-4 on the 3rd day of treatment (p = 0.03 and p = 0.04 vs. the oseltamivir group), and IFN-γ on the 3rd and the 7th days (p = 0.012 and p < 0.0001, respectively, vs. the oseltamivir group). No stimulating effect of SD on the growth and differentiation of immune cells was found. Conclusion. SD is effective and safe in the treatment of patients with influenza. The therapeutic and antiviral efficacy of SD is comparable to that of oseltamivir. The antiviral activity of SD affects the interferon system and the concentration of the cytokines IL-2 and IL-4, regulators of the T and B
{"title":"The use of antiviral drug based on technologically processed antibodies to interferon-γ, CD4 receptor and histamine in the treatment of influenza in adults: results of a multicenter open-label randomized comparative trial with oseltamivir","authors":"K. Zhdanov, R. Khamitov, V. Rafalsky, M. P. Mikhaylusova, Yu.S. Shapovalova, R. Oseshnyuk, D. Alpenidze, Saint Petersburg Russian Federation City Polyclinic No","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2021-1-39-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-1-39-57","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. A multicenter open-label randomized controlled clinical trial was aimed to compare the efficacy of the study drug (SD) containing technologically processed affinity purified antibodies (high dilutions) to IFN-γ, CD4 receptor and histamine (Ergoferon) with oseltamivir, and evaluate the influence of SD on the antiviral immune response in adults with seasonal influenza. Patients and methods. 184 outpatients aged 18–70 with confirmed influenza of mild/moderate severity were included and randomized into 2 groups (in a 1:1 ratio). Patients received SD (Group 1, n = 92) or oseltamivir (Group 2, n = 92), according to the instructions for medical use for 5 days. As the primary endpoint, the percentage of patients with recovery/improvement was assessed (according to the data of the patient's diary on days 2–7 and according to the clinical examination on days 3 and 7). Additionally, the duration and severity of influenza symptoms, the percentage of patients with virus elimination (according to RT-PCR of nasopharyngeal samples), the percentage of patients with complications, the percentage of patients prescribed antipyretic drugs, the change in concentration of T cell (IL-2, IL-18, IFN-γ) and B cell antigen-specific (IL-4, IL-16) immune response regulators in serum, the leukocyte phenotypes on days 1, 3 and 7 were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using a “Non-Inferiority” design (or no less efficiency/safety). Intention-to-Treat (ITT) analysis data are presented. Results. According to patients’ self-assessment, 53.3% of patients in Group 1 recovered/improved on the 6th day in the morning and 65.2% – in the evening (vs. 53.3% and 57.6% in Group 2, respectively). There were 73.9% recovered/ improved patients on the 7th day in the morning (vs. 67.4% in Group 2). A generalized analysis showed that the treatment results in both groups were comparable (p < 0.0001). According to objective medical examination, 79.3% of patients in the SD group and 74.0% of patients in the Оseltamivir group recovered/improved on the 7th day (p < 0.0001). The antiviral efficacy of SD was not inferior to oseltamivir, which was confirmed by comparable periods of virus elimination, duration and severity of fever and other influenza symptoms. A moderate activating effect of SD on the immune system was evaluated. A significant, compared to oseltamivir, increase in the concentration of IL-2 and IL-4 on the 3rd day of treatment (p = 0.03 and p = 0.04 vs. the oseltamivir group), and IFN-γ on the 3rd and the 7th days (p = 0.012 and p < 0.0001, respectively, vs. the oseltamivir group). No stimulating effect of SD on the growth and differentiation of immune cells was found. Conclusion. SD is effective and safe in the treatment of patients with influenza. The therapeutic and antiviral efficacy of SD is comparable to that of oseltamivir. The antiviral activity of SD affects the interferon system and the concentration of the cytokines IL-2 and IL-4, regulators of the T and B","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67723925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2021-1-149-158
O. A. Limanova, L. E. Fedotova, O. Gromova
This article discusses the problem of drug interactions between combined oral contraceptives on the example of Belara® (30 μg of ethinyl estradiol + 2 mg of chlormadinone acetate; Gedeon Richter, Hungary) and medications recommended for the treatment of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) and concomitant disorders at the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic levels with an assessment of the efficacy and safety of therapy for females. We described safe, potentially dangerous, and dangerous combinations of these drugs. Key words: new coronavirus infection (CAVID-19), combined oral contraceptives, antiviral drugs, antibacterial drugs, antiinflammatory drugs, anticoagulants, migraine drugs, antihypertensive drugs, oral hypoglycemic drugs, essential micronutrients, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions
{"title":"Combined oral contraceptives and treatment of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19): aspects of drug interactions","authors":"O. A. Limanova, L. E. Fedotova, O. Gromova","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2021-1-149-158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-1-149-158","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the problem of drug interactions between combined oral contraceptives on the example of Belara® (30 μg of ethinyl estradiol + 2 mg of chlormadinone acetate; Gedeon Richter, Hungary) and medications recommended for the treatment of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) and concomitant disorders at the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic levels with an assessment of the efficacy and safety of therapy for females. We described safe, potentially dangerous, and dangerous combinations of these drugs. Key words: new coronavirus infection (CAVID-19), combined oral contraceptives, antiviral drugs, antibacterial drugs, antiinflammatory drugs, anticoagulants, migraine drugs, antihypertensive drugs, oral hypoglycemic drugs, essential micronutrients, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67724209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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