Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2021-3-146-152
A. Garbuzov, P. Chukhliaev, D. Khavkina, N. Meshkova, T. Ruzhentsova
The article presents the results of the meta-analysis of the effectiveness of nifuroxazide in the treatment of acute intestinal infections in adults. Objective. To summarize the results of studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of nifuroxazide in acute intestinal infections in adults. Materials and methods. A search was carried out in electronic databases and among paper-based information in accordance with modern requirements for conducting meta-analysis. We selected high-quality randomized and non-randomized clinical trials, in which nifuroxazide was compared with placebo, an alternative antibiotic, or with the absence of antibacterial therapy in the treatment of acute intestinal infections in adults from 18 to 90 years of age. In most studies, the compared medications were prescribed together with other therapies: formulations for rehydration, enterosorbents, and probiotics. Results. A total of 1999 people participated in the studies selected for analysis (541 – in the main group, 1458 – in the comparison group). It was shown that nifuroxazide significantly reduced the duration of diarrhea in acute intestinal infections adults, on average, by 1,35 days. When prescribing nifuroxazide, there was no increase in intoxication, symptoms of gastrointestinal mucosa irritation (nausea, vomiting), and allergic reactions. Conclusion. The meta-analysis confirmed the effectiveness of nifuroxazide in acute intestinal infections in adults. Key words: antibacterial therapy, adults, diarrhea, intoxication, fever, nifuroxazide, acute intestinal infections
{"title":"Nifuroxazide in initial therapy for acute intestinal infections in adults","authors":"A. Garbuzov, P. Chukhliaev, D. Khavkina, N. Meshkova, T. Ruzhentsova","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2021-3-146-152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-3-146-152","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of the meta-analysis of the effectiveness of nifuroxazide in the treatment of acute intestinal infections in adults. Objective. To summarize the results of studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of nifuroxazide in acute intestinal infections in adults. Materials and methods. A search was carried out in electronic databases and among paper-based information in accordance with modern requirements for conducting meta-analysis. We selected high-quality randomized and non-randomized clinical trials, in which nifuroxazide was compared with placebo, an alternative antibiotic, or with the absence of antibacterial therapy in the treatment of acute intestinal infections in adults from 18 to 90 years of age. In most studies, the compared medications were prescribed together with other therapies: formulations for rehydration, enterosorbents, and probiotics. Results. A total of 1999 people participated in the studies selected for analysis (541 – in the main group, 1458 – in the comparison group). It was shown that nifuroxazide significantly reduced the duration of diarrhea in acute intestinal infections adults, on average, by 1,35 days. When prescribing nifuroxazide, there was no increase in intoxication, symptoms of gastrointestinal mucosa irritation (nausea, vomiting), and allergic reactions. Conclusion. The meta-analysis confirmed the effectiveness of nifuroxazide in acute intestinal infections in adults. Key words: antibacterial therapy, adults, diarrhea, intoxication, fever, nifuroxazide, acute intestinal infections","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67725988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2021-4-103-111
A. Gorelov, A. Ploskireva, Z. Ponezheva, K. Omarova, S. V. Nikolaeva, A. R. Marzhokhova, E. Samitova, A. Muzyka, A. V. Lukyanov, A. Mishkin, N. Krivosheeva, I. Demina
The spectrum of the clinical manifestations in patients with COVID-19 varies from asymptomatic to severe forms of the disease leading to death. The most commonly affected in patients with COVID-19 system is the respiratory system, but other organ systems can also be affected by the virus. We propose a classification of the clinical forms of COVID-19, which includes: acute respiratory infection (affecting only the upper respiratory tract); pneumonia: without ARF, with ARF; anosmia/parosmia/cacosmia; cerebral form (meningitis, meningoencephalitis); gastrointestinal form, including hepatitis; oligosymptomatic form/asymptomatic form; combined forms. Sepsis, septic (infectious-toxic) shock; DIC, thrombosis and thromboembolism are proposed to be considered as complications of the underlying disease. Present classification can help clinicians to diagnose COVID-19 at an early stage, identify atypical infection forms, and assign appropriate treatment. Key words: COVID-19, classification, clinical manifestations
{"title":"COVID-19 as many-faced Janus. On the classification of a new coronavirus infection","authors":"A. Gorelov, A. Ploskireva, Z. Ponezheva, K. Omarova, S. V. Nikolaeva, A. R. Marzhokhova, E. Samitova, A. Muzyka, A. V. Lukyanov, A. Mishkin, N. Krivosheeva, I. Demina","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2021-4-103-111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-4-103-111","url":null,"abstract":"The spectrum of the clinical manifestations in patients with COVID-19 varies from asymptomatic to severe forms of the disease leading to death. The most commonly affected in patients with COVID-19 system is the respiratory system, but other organ systems can also be affected by the virus. We propose a classification of the clinical forms of COVID-19, which includes: acute respiratory infection (affecting only the upper respiratory tract); pneumonia: without ARF, with ARF; anosmia/parosmia/cacosmia; cerebral form (meningitis, meningoencephalitis); gastrointestinal form, including hepatitis; oligosymptomatic form/asymptomatic form; combined forms. Sepsis, septic (infectious-toxic) shock; DIC, thrombosis and thromboembolism are proposed to be considered as complications of the underlying disease. Present classification can help clinicians to diagnose COVID-19 at an early stage, identify atypical infection forms, and assign appropriate treatment. Key words: COVID-19, classification, clinical manifestations","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67726679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2021-1-110-118
Maleev Vv, Moscow Russian Federation Human Wellbeing, A. K. Tokmalaev, G. Kozhevnikova, V. Golub, N. Polovinkina, T. Kharlamova, V. Konnov, I. Barysheva, K. Emerole
In the last two decades, a number of studies analyzing environmental, epidemiological, immunological, pathogenetic, and clinical aspects of hantavirus infection were published. Scientists are searching for effective treatments and are developing new methods of specific disease prevention. The classification of pathogens has been optimized and species names of hantaviruses have been changed. Hantavirus infection has been registered on almost all continents with different incidence. Considering the wide spread of hantavirus infection, it is rather not a feral herd infection, but a natural ubiquitous infection. Hantavirus infection has two clinical variants, including hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). In our opinion, the similarity of pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the development of both variants of hantavirus infection suggests the need to unite HFRS and HCPS (coded in the ICD as А98 and В33, respectively) into a single category ‘Hantavirus infection’ with clinical variants of its course. We believe that damage to the respiratory tract (regardless of the type of pathogen) should be considered as primary and pathogenetically determined condition; it can be considered as a complication only if the diagnosis was laboratory confirmed. Key words: Hantavirus, haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, HFRS, hantavirus (cardio) pulmonary syndrome, HPS, capillary leak syndrome
{"title":"Hantavirus infection. Achievements and challenges","authors":"Maleev Vv, Moscow Russian Federation Human Wellbeing, A. K. Tokmalaev, G. Kozhevnikova, V. Golub, N. Polovinkina, T. Kharlamova, V. Konnov, I. Barysheva, K. Emerole","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2021-1-110-118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-1-110-118","url":null,"abstract":"In the last two decades, a number of studies analyzing environmental, epidemiological, immunological, pathogenetic, and clinical aspects of hantavirus infection were published. Scientists are searching for effective treatments and are developing new methods of specific disease prevention. The classification of pathogens has been optimized and species names of hantaviruses have been changed. Hantavirus infection has been registered on almost all continents with different incidence. Considering the wide spread of hantavirus infection, it is rather not a feral herd infection, but a natural ubiquitous infection. Hantavirus infection has two clinical variants, including hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). In our opinion, the similarity of pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the development of both variants of hantavirus infection suggests the need to unite HFRS and HCPS (coded in the ICD as А98 and В33, respectively) into a single category ‘Hantavirus infection’ with clinical variants of its course. We believe that damage to the respiratory tract (regardless of the type of pathogen) should be considered as primary and pathogenetically determined condition; it can be considered as a complication only if the diagnosis was laboratory confirmed. Key words: Hantavirus, haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, HFRS, hantavirus (cardio) pulmonary syndrome, HPS, capillary leak syndrome","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67723809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2021-4-112-117
M. Tlish, M. Shavilova, S. Timoshenko, F. A. Psavok
Syphilis is a significant infection that can affect not only the mucous membranes and skin, but also internal organs. Visceral changes in patients with syphilis often cause nonspecific clinical manifestations and develop without any skin symptoms, which makes this disease an interdisciplinary problem. Untimely therapy, insufficient control of cure, late diagnosis of syphilitic lesions of internal organs may result in irreversible dystrophic changes and even permanent disability. Given that these patients might seek medical assistance in any healthcare institutions, it is important that not only dermatovenerologists, but also related specialists should be well aware of syphilis. In this article, we report cases of syphilitic lesions to the nervous and cardiovascular systems. Case series focus the attention of specialists on the negative consequences of improper clinical and serological control and late treatment of syphilis, which resulted in disease progression and organic lesions. Some of the patients with syphilisrelated visceral pathology described in this article had late diagnosis of syphilis primarily due to a narrow approach to symptom evaluation. Our study aims to raise doctors' awareness about current characteristics of syphilis and possible diagnostic errors. Key words: cardiovascular syphilis, neurosyphilis, ocular syphilis, diagnostic errors
{"title":"Syphilis as an interdisciplinary problem: from polymorphic clinical manifestations of visceral lesions to main causes and consequences of disease progression","authors":"M. Tlish, M. Shavilova, S. Timoshenko, F. A. Psavok","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2021-4-112-117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-4-112-117","url":null,"abstract":"Syphilis is a significant infection that can affect not only the mucous membranes and skin, but also internal organs. Visceral changes in patients with syphilis often cause nonspecific clinical manifestations and develop without any skin symptoms, which makes this disease an interdisciplinary problem. Untimely therapy, insufficient control of cure, late diagnosis of syphilitic lesions of internal organs may result in irreversible dystrophic changes and even permanent disability. Given that these patients might seek medical assistance in any healthcare institutions, it is important that not only dermatovenerologists, but also related specialists should be well aware of syphilis. In this article, we report cases of syphilitic lesions to the nervous and cardiovascular systems. Case series focus the attention of specialists on the negative consequences of improper clinical and serological control and late treatment of syphilis, which resulted in disease progression and organic lesions. Some of the patients with syphilisrelated visceral pathology described in this article had late diagnosis of syphilis primarily due to a narrow approach to symptom evaluation. Our study aims to raise doctors' awareness about current characteristics of syphilis and possible diagnostic errors. Key words: cardiovascular syphilis, neurosyphilis, ocular syphilis, diagnostic errors","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67726340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2021-4-37-42
O. L. Nosareva, A. P. Pomogaeva, E. A. Stepovaya, T. V. Zhavoronok, E. V. Shakhristova
Objective. To analyze possible role of changes in the level of erythrocyte glutathione S-transferase (GST), serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and serum 5'-nucleotidase (5'-NT) in aggravation of pseudotuberculosis and development of complicated disease in children, as well as to identify prognostic factors to predict complicated pseudotuberculosis. Patients and methods. This prospective study included 125 children with pseudotuberculosis of different severity and disease course and 45 healthy children (control group). We measured the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), 5'-NT, GST, GGT, as well as the level of total and conjugated bilirubin. Results. We observed increased levels of ALT, 5'-NT, GST, GGT, and conjugated bilirubin in children with mild and moderate pseudotuberculosis during the acute period, as well as in patients with moderate disease during early convalescence. Children with severe pseudotuberculosis during the acute period and early convalescence demonstrated elevated activity of ALT, AST, 5'-NT, GGT, and maximum increase in the level of bilirubin along with comparable activity of GST. Conclusion. We found that an imbalance of detoxification enzymes in the acute period of pseudotuberculosis has a prognostic value for predicting severe and complicated disease later. Key words: children, pseudotuberculosis, glutathione S-transferase, γ-glutamyltransferase, 5'-nucleotidase
{"title":"Role of the detoxification system in aggravation of pseudotuberculosis and development of complicated disease in children","authors":"O. L. Nosareva, A. P. Pomogaeva, E. A. Stepovaya, T. V. Zhavoronok, E. V. Shakhristova","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2021-4-37-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-4-37-42","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To analyze possible role of changes in the level of erythrocyte glutathione S-transferase (GST), serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and serum 5'-nucleotidase (5'-NT) in aggravation of pseudotuberculosis and development of complicated disease in children, as well as to identify prognostic factors to predict complicated pseudotuberculosis. Patients and methods. This prospective study included 125 children with pseudotuberculosis of different severity and disease course and 45 healthy children (control group). We measured the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), 5'-NT, GST, GGT, as well as the level of total and conjugated bilirubin. Results. We observed increased levels of ALT, 5'-NT, GST, GGT, and conjugated bilirubin in children with mild and moderate pseudotuberculosis during the acute period, as well as in patients with moderate disease during early convalescence. Children with severe pseudotuberculosis during the acute period and early convalescence demonstrated elevated activity of ALT, AST, 5'-NT, GGT, and maximum increase in the level of bilirubin along with comparable activity of GST. Conclusion. We found that an imbalance of detoxification enzymes in the acute period of pseudotuberculosis has a prognostic value for predicting severe and complicated disease later. Key words: children, pseudotuberculosis, glutathione S-transferase, γ-glutamyltransferase, 5'-nucleotidase","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67726882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2021-1-139-143
A. Kondrashin, E. Stepanova, L. Morozova, V. Sergiev, M. Maksimova, N. Turbabina, N. S. Malysheva, E. Solovyeva, I. V. Kurashkina, A. Dovgalev, E. Morozov
Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the first and second line of treatment for uncomplicated malaria caused by P. falciparum, as well as for chloroquine-resistant P. vivax malaria. Despite the large number of antimalarial drugs, there is no any ideal drug, since each individual combination of drugs or monotherapy have their own limitations, ranging from their triple (activity) in relation to certain forms of the development of Plasmodium in the human body, side effects, toxicity and resistance. During the course of the study carried out, the most promising compound-candidate was selected – imatinib, which is currently used as targeted therapy for a number of oncological diseases. The objective of this work is to evaluate the efficacy of the combined use of imatinib and artemether in vivo studies on the human malarial model – the rodent malaria parasites Plasmodium berghei. Dut to the optimally selected treatment scheme, it was possible to reduce the dosage of imatinib twice – to 0,25 mg/kg, and that of artemether three times – to 33 mg/kg. The use of this scheme made it possible to considerably reduce the toxic effect of these drugs due to the potentiation of antimalarial effect. Key words: malaria, drug resistance, telomerase inhibitors, imatinib, chemotherapy of malaria
{"title":"Artemether and imatinib combination therapy against malaria infection","authors":"A. Kondrashin, E. Stepanova, L. Morozova, V. Sergiev, M. Maksimova, N. Turbabina, N. S. Malysheva, E. Solovyeva, I. V. Kurashkina, A. Dovgalev, E. Morozov","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2021-1-139-143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-1-139-143","url":null,"abstract":"Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the first and second line of treatment for uncomplicated malaria caused by P. falciparum, as well as for chloroquine-resistant P. vivax malaria. Despite the large number of antimalarial drugs, there is no any ideal drug, since each individual combination of drugs or monotherapy have their own limitations, ranging from their triple (activity) in relation to certain forms of the development of Plasmodium in the human body, side effects, toxicity and resistance. During the course of the study carried out, the most promising compound-candidate was selected – imatinib, which is currently used as targeted therapy for a number of oncological diseases. The objective of this work is to evaluate the efficacy of the combined use of imatinib and artemether in vivo studies on the human malarial model – the rodent malaria parasites Plasmodium berghei. Dut to the optimally selected treatment scheme, it was possible to reduce the dosage of imatinib twice – to 0,25 mg/kg, and that of artemether three times – to 33 mg/kg. The use of this scheme made it possible to considerably reduce the toxic effect of these drugs due to the potentiation of antimalarial effect. Key words: malaria, drug resistance, telomerase inhibitors, imatinib, chemotherapy of malaria","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67724067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2021-1-83-88
Yu. Pritulina, L. Chernyshova, G. G. Salomakhin, T. Ruzhentsova, V. Maleev, A. Ploskireva, M. V. Bykov
Acute infectious diseases can potentially affect the cardiovascular system. Objective. To demonstrate the need for dynamic monitoring and treatment of cardiovascular disorders in patients with tickborne borreliosis. Patients and methods. This study included 142 patients with laboratory-confirmed tick-borne borreliosis. We analyzed clinical symptoms, results of laboratory testing, and electrocardiography (ECG) findings. Results. Almost one-fifth of all patients (18%) had complaints indicating cardiovascular lesions (both in the group under 60 years of age and in the group of elderly patients). Thirteen patients (9.2%) presented with hypotension. Grade 1–2 hypertension was observed in 11 hospitalized patients (7.7%). Clinical manifestations were accompanied by various ECG abnormalities. Conclusion. We found that 13.4% of patients with confirmed borreliosis had symptoms of probable myocarditis with signs of coronary artery lesions. The disorders detected were shortly eliminated by basic therapy or additional treatment (when needed) by the time of discharge from hospital. Key words: borreliosis, Lyme borreliosis, myocarditis, ECG, extrasystole, erythema
{"title":"Cardiac lesions in patients with Lyme borreliosis","authors":"Yu. Pritulina, L. Chernyshova, G. G. Salomakhin, T. Ruzhentsova, V. Maleev, A. Ploskireva, M. V. Bykov","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2021-1-83-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-1-83-88","url":null,"abstract":"Acute infectious diseases can potentially affect the cardiovascular system. Objective. To demonstrate the need for dynamic monitoring and treatment of cardiovascular disorders in patients with tickborne borreliosis. Patients and methods. This study included 142 patients with laboratory-confirmed tick-borne borreliosis. We analyzed clinical symptoms, results of laboratory testing, and electrocardiography (ECG) findings. Results. Almost one-fifth of all patients (18%) had complaints indicating cardiovascular lesions (both in the group under 60 years of age and in the group of elderly patients). Thirteen patients (9.2%) presented with hypotension. Grade 1–2 hypertension was observed in 11 hospitalized patients (7.7%). Clinical manifestations were accompanied by various ECG abnormalities. Conclusion. We found that 13.4% of patients with confirmed borreliosis had symptoms of probable myocarditis with signs of coronary artery lesions. The disorders detected were shortly eliminated by basic therapy or additional treatment (when needed) by the time of discharge from hospital. Key words: borreliosis, Lyme borreliosis, myocarditis, ECG, extrasystole, erythema","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67724380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2021-2-37-50
A. Shlykova, D. Kireev, I. Lapovok, D. Saleeva, A. Pokrovskaya, A. Shemshura, P. V. Lebedev, L. V. Khoteleva, E. Strebkova, D.G. Khurtin, A. Spirin, O. Agafonova, A. Kirichenko, A. Lopatukhin, V. Pokrovskiy
Objective. Accurate identification of recent HIV-1 infection cases will ensure a more effective and precise assessment of the dynamics of virus transmission, the time between infection and diagnosis, and the quality of screening and prevention programs. This study was undertaken to adjust the recent HIV-1 infection testing algorithm using a cohort of patients, in whom the time since infection was known. Materials and methods. We used blood plasma samples obtained from 264 HIV-infected patients with a known date of infection. All samples were analyzed using two serological assays aimed to differentiate between cases of recent and established HIV infection. Using the results of sequencing of the pol region, we calculated the proportion of variable positions in order to determine the duration of infection. To identify the cases of recent HIV infection, we evaluated different variants of a diagnostic algorithm that included a combination of serological tests, molecular genetic analysis of the viral genome, and other clinical and laboratory parameters. Results. The effectiveness of the DS-ELISA-HIV-AB-TERM (DS) assay for the detection of recent infection was higher than that of the Architect HIV Ag/Ab Combo assay (Abbott). The sensitivity and specificity of the DS assay were 94.4% and 96.7%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the Abbott assay were 86.4% and 77,4%, respectively. The HIV-1 genome variability threshold of 0.33% allowed the differentiation between samples depending on the time since infection with a cut-off of 12 months: 82.1% of recent samples and 62.7% of established samples were correctly identified using this method. We analyzed the effectiveness of schemes of the algorithm for the detection of recent infection lasting no longer than 9 months. Conclusion. Our findings allow us to recommend the algorithm based on the Russian DS assay for the detection of recent HIV-1 cases in routine clinical practice. This algorithm will enable the detection of new HIV cases, thereby improving the disease control. Key words: HIV-1, HIV infection, genetic variability, time since infection, duration of infection, recent infection, early infection, seroconversion
目标。准确识别最近的HIV-1感染病例将确保更有效和准确地评估病毒传播的动态、感染和诊断之间的时间以及筛查和预防方案的质量。本研究采用一组已知感染时间的患者，对最近的HIV-1感染检测算法进行了调整。材料和方法。我们使用了264名已知感染日期的hiv感染患者的血浆样本。所有样本均采用两种血清学分析方法进行分析，目的是区分新近和已确诊的HIV感染病例。利用pol区的测序结果，我们计算了可变位置的比例，以确定感染的持续时间。为了确定最近的HIV感染病例，我们评估了一种诊断算法的不同变体，该算法包括血清学测试、病毒基因组的分子遗传分析以及其他临床和实验室参数的组合。结果。DS- elisa -HIV- Ab - term (DS)检测近期感染的有效性高于Architect HIV Ag/Ab组合检测(Abbott)。DS检测的灵敏度和特异性分别为94.4%和96.7%。雅培法的敏感性为86.4%，特异性为77.4%。HIV-1基因组变异阈值为0.33%，允许根据感染后的时间区分样本，截止时间为12个月:使用这种方法正确识别了82.1%的新样本和62.7%的已建立样本。我们分析了该算法在检测最近感染持续时间不超过9个月的方案中的有效性。结论。我们的研究结果使我们能够推荐基于俄罗斯DS检测的算法用于常规临床实践中检测最近的HIV-1病例。该算法将能够发现新的HIV病例，从而改善疾病控制。关键词:HIV-1, HIV感染，遗传变异，感染时间，感染持续时间，近期感染，早期感染，血清转化
{"title":"Effectiveness of the algorithm for detecting cases of recent HIV-1 infection in the Russian Federation","authors":"A. Shlykova, D. Kireev, I. Lapovok, D. Saleeva, A. Pokrovskaya, A. Shemshura, P. V. Lebedev, L. V. Khoteleva, E. Strebkova, D.G. Khurtin, A. Spirin, O. Agafonova, A. Kirichenko, A. Lopatukhin, V. Pokrovskiy","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2021-2-37-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-2-37-50","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Accurate identification of recent HIV-1 infection cases will ensure a more effective and precise assessment of the dynamics of virus transmission, the time between infection and diagnosis, and the quality of screening and prevention programs. This study was undertaken to adjust the recent HIV-1 infection testing algorithm using a cohort of patients, in whom the time since infection was known. Materials and methods. We used blood plasma samples obtained from 264 HIV-infected patients with a known date of infection. All samples were analyzed using two serological assays aimed to differentiate between cases of recent and established HIV infection. Using the results of sequencing of the pol region, we calculated the proportion of variable positions in order to determine the duration of infection. To identify the cases of recent HIV infection, we evaluated different variants of a diagnostic algorithm that included a combination of serological tests, molecular genetic analysis of the viral genome, and other clinical and laboratory parameters. Results. The effectiveness of the DS-ELISA-HIV-AB-TERM (DS) assay for the detection of recent infection was higher than that of the Architect HIV Ag/Ab Combo assay (Abbott). The sensitivity and specificity of the DS assay were 94.4% and 96.7%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the Abbott assay were 86.4% and 77,4%, respectively. The HIV-1 genome variability threshold of 0.33% allowed the differentiation between samples depending on the time since infection with a cut-off of 12 months: 82.1% of recent samples and 62.7% of established samples were correctly identified using this method. We analyzed the effectiveness of schemes of the algorithm for the detection of recent infection lasting no longer than 9 months. Conclusion. Our findings allow us to recommend the algorithm based on the Russian DS assay for the detection of recent HIV-1 cases in routine clinical practice. This algorithm will enable the detection of new HIV cases, thereby improving the disease control. Key words: HIV-1, HIV infection, genetic variability, time since infection, duration of infection, recent infection, early infection, seroconversion","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67724782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2021-3-58-66
O. Gizinger
According to the World Health Organization, a significant part of the population is susceptible to diseases caused by herpes viruses, among which genital herpes occupies a leading position in the incidence and severity of clinical manifestations. A promising strategy for the treatment of herpesvirus infections caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 is the use of recombinant interferon-α preparations. Objective. To conduct a comparative analysis of the efficacy of using recombinant interferon α-2b with an active substance content of 1.000.000 IU and 3.000.000 IU in the treatment of genital herpesvirus infection. Patients and methods. A retrospective study of 100 patients with recurrent genital herpes 5.5 ± 1.25 per year at the age from 20 to 52 was carried out. The diagnosis was made based on complaints, clinical examination results and laboratory parameters. The presence of herpes virus antigen in the sample material, clinical status, clinical and biochemical parameters of peripheral blood, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes were assessed. Results. The maximum efficacy of therapy for genital herpesvirus infection was registered in patients who received complex treatment with valacyclovir and recombinant interferon α-2b with antioxidants at a dosage of 3.000.000 IU. Key words: antioxidant status, genital herpes, immunity, interferon α-2b
{"title":"Recombinant interferon α-2b in the treatment of genital herpes: clinical and laboratory rationale and efficacy evaluation","authors":"O. Gizinger","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2021-3-58-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-3-58-66","url":null,"abstract":"According to the World Health Organization, a significant part of the population is susceptible to diseases caused by herpes viruses, among which genital herpes occupies a leading position in the incidence and severity of clinical manifestations. A promising strategy for the treatment of herpesvirus infections caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 is the use of recombinant interferon-α preparations. Objective. To conduct a comparative analysis of the efficacy of using recombinant interferon α-2b with an active substance content of 1.000.000 IU and 3.000.000 IU in the treatment of genital herpesvirus infection. Patients and methods. A retrospective study of 100 patients with recurrent genital herpes 5.5 ± 1.25 per year at the age from 20 to 52 was carried out. The diagnosis was made based on complaints, clinical examination results and laboratory parameters. The presence of herpes virus antigen in the sample material, clinical status, clinical and biochemical parameters of peripheral blood, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes were assessed. Results. The maximum efficacy of therapy for genital herpesvirus infection was registered in patients who received complex treatment with valacyclovir and recombinant interferon α-2b with antioxidants at a dosage of 3.000.000 IU. Key words: antioxidant status, genital herpes, immunity, interferon α-2b","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67725788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2021-4-15-22
K. Kasyanenko, O. Maltsev, K. Kozlov, K. Zhdanov, I.F. Seryi
We are now observing a constantly growing number of patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection who have active complains for more than 12 weeks. Long-term consequences of the disease significantly impair the quality of life and lead to an overburdened healthcare system, which, in the absence of effective therapeutic strategies, has a significant impact on the quality of medical care. This article discusses the main aspects of pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of post-COVID syndrome, as well as the experience of pharmacological correction of this condition. Objective. To evaluate the effect of azoximer bromide on the resolution of post-COVID syndrome by assessing the duration and severity of the main symptoms within 10 days since treatment initiation, as well as the level of chronic fatigue. Patients and methods. This study included 90 patients (both males and females). The experimental group comprised 55 individuals who received azoximer bromide for 10 days according to the package insert. The control group included 35 individuals who received no therapy. Treatment efficacy was evaluated using special questionnaires; Student's t-test and Pearson's chi-squared test were used for statistical analysis. Results. We found that significantly fewer patients from the experimental group had joint and muscle pain and headache on day 10 of the experiment than patients in the control group. Hyposmia was also less common in the experimental group then in controls by day 10. There was a significant decrease in the severity of headache, joint and muscle pain, attention impairment, dizziness, anosmia among patients receiving azoximer bromide by day 10 compared to those receiving no therapy. Patients in the experimental group also demonstrated significantly less severe fatigue compared to controls as early as day 5 of the experiment. No adverse events were registered during the study. Conclusion. Azoximer bromide demonstrated its clinical efficacy and safety in the treatment of post-COVID syndrome. Key words: SARS-CoV-2, post-COVID syndrome, fatigue, shortness of breath, smell and taste disorders
{"title":"Effect of azoximer bromide on the severity of clinical manifestations in patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection","authors":"K. Kasyanenko, O. Maltsev, K. Kozlov, K. Zhdanov, I.F. Seryi","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2021-4-15-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-4-15-22","url":null,"abstract":"We are now observing a constantly growing number of patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection who have active complains for more than 12 weeks. Long-term consequences of the disease significantly impair the quality of life and lead to an overburdened healthcare system, which, in the absence of effective therapeutic strategies, has a significant impact on the quality of medical care. This article discusses the main aspects of pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of post-COVID syndrome, as well as the experience of pharmacological correction of this condition. Objective. To evaluate the effect of azoximer bromide on the resolution of post-COVID syndrome by assessing the duration and severity of the main symptoms within 10 days since treatment initiation, as well as the level of chronic fatigue. Patients and methods. This study included 90 patients (both males and females). The experimental group comprised 55 individuals who received azoximer bromide for 10 days according to the package insert. The control group included 35 individuals who received no therapy. Treatment efficacy was evaluated using special questionnaires; Student's t-test and Pearson's chi-squared test were used for statistical analysis. Results. We found that significantly fewer patients from the experimental group had joint and muscle pain and headache on day 10 of the experiment than patients in the control group. Hyposmia was also less common in the experimental group then in controls by day 10. There was a significant decrease in the severity of headache, joint and muscle pain, attention impairment, dizziness, anosmia among patients receiving azoximer bromide by day 10 compared to those receiving no therapy. Patients in the experimental group also demonstrated significantly less severe fatigue compared to controls as early as day 5 of the experiment. No adverse events were registered during the study. Conclusion. Azoximer bromide demonstrated its clinical efficacy and safety in the treatment of post-COVID syndrome. Key words: SARS-CoV-2, post-COVID syndrome, fatigue, shortness of breath, smell and taste disorders","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67726595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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