Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-137-146
Е. Gorelik, N. Skripchenko, A. Vilnits, N. V. Marchenko, YU. P. Vasilieva, A. Astapova, E. Skripchenko, K. Markova, V. Voitenkov
The problem of generalized infection caused by Haemophilus influenzae is highly relevant to pediatric practice because of the disease severity and diversity of clinical manifestations. Purulent meningitis is the most common and most severe invasive form of infection caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and accounts for 50% of all cases. Purulent meningitis in children is characterized by high mortality and high incidence of residual neurological complications that often result in disability. The main cause if it is neurological complications in the acute period of the disease. In this article, we report a case of generalized Hib-infection, purulent meningitis, and a rare complication–thrombosis and occlusion of the large vessels, which caused acute cerebral ischemia/hypoxia. The combination of modern diagnostic methods, primarily neuroimaging, allowed us to verify the diagnosis at an early stage and ensured timely initiation of the appropriate therapy in order to prevent ischemic/hypoxic brain lesions. Parenteral injections of medications that increase the resistance of neurons and glial cells to hypoxia, such as cytoflavin, reduced neuronal damage in the acute period and residual neurological disorders during convalescence. Key words: vaccination, Haemophilus influenzae, purulent meningitis, children, complications, cytoflavin.
{"title":"Purulent meningitis and ischemic stroke resulted from large vessel occlusion in a child with generalized infection caused by Haemophilus influenzae","authors":"Е. Gorelik, N. Skripchenko, A. Vilnits, N. V. Marchenko, YU. P. Vasilieva, A. Astapova, E. Skripchenko, K. Markova, V. Voitenkov","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-137-146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-137-146","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of generalized infection caused by Haemophilus influenzae is highly relevant to pediatric practice because of the disease severity and diversity of clinical manifestations. Purulent meningitis is the most common and most severe invasive form of infection caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and accounts for 50% of all cases. Purulent meningitis in children is characterized by high mortality and high incidence of residual neurological complications that often result in disability. The main cause if it is neurological complications in the acute period of the disease. In this article, we report a case of generalized Hib-infection, purulent meningitis, and a rare complication–thrombosis and occlusion of the large vessels, which caused acute cerebral ischemia/hypoxia. The combination of modern diagnostic methods, primarily neuroimaging, allowed us to verify the diagnosis at an early stage and ensured timely initiation of the appropriate therapy in order to prevent ischemic/hypoxic brain lesions. Parenteral injections of medications that increase the resistance of neurons and glial cells to hypoxia, such as cytoflavin, reduced neuronal damage in the acute period and residual neurological disorders during convalescence. Key words: vaccination, Haemophilus influenzae, purulent meningitis, children, complications, cytoflavin.","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67728677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2022-1-23-31
A. Zadoroshnyy, N. Pshenichnaya, V. Akimkin, V. Maleev
During the COVID-19 pandemic, many infection foci were registered in dormitories. Therefore, it is critical to have a clear understanding of the effectiveness of antiepidemic measures (AEMs) that appear to be one of the most important method to prevent the spread of the virus. Objective. To provide a scientific rationale for AEMs used to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in dormitories. Materials and methods. We compared the epidemic process in 5 representative COVID-19 foci, depending on AEMs initiated at these foci. The t-test was used to check the statistical hypothesis (p ≤ 0.05). Results. The epidemiological analysis demonstrated that the severity of COVID-19 epidemic process correlated with the effectiveness of AEMs. Absence of AEMs during focus formation promoted rapid spread of the virus among residents on all floors of the dormitory. The epidemic process in these dormitories was characterized by a chronic course with a high incidence rate. The implementation of a complex of AEMs when first COVID-19 cases were registered prevented the formation of a large infection focus and facilitated its timely isolation. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that AEMs are the main measures to limit focal incidence of COVID-19 in the dormitories of Moscow. Key words: infection focus, dormitory, antiepidemic measures, COVID-19
{"title":"Rationale for antiepidemic measures aimed to prevent focal incidence of COVID-19 in dormitories (on the example of Moscow)","authors":"A. Zadoroshnyy, N. Pshenichnaya, V. Akimkin, V. Maleev","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2022-1-23-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2022-1-23-31","url":null,"abstract":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, many infection foci were registered in dormitories. Therefore, it is critical to have a clear understanding of the effectiveness of antiepidemic measures (AEMs) that appear to be one of the most important method to prevent the spread of the virus. Objective. To provide a scientific rationale for AEMs used to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in dormitories. Materials and methods. We compared the epidemic process in 5 representative COVID-19 foci, depending on AEMs initiated at these foci. The t-test was used to check the statistical hypothesis (p ≤ 0.05). Results. The epidemiological analysis demonstrated that the severity of COVID-19 epidemic process correlated with the effectiveness of AEMs. Absence of AEMs during focus formation promoted rapid spread of the virus among residents on all floors of the dormitory. The epidemic process in these dormitories was characterized by a chronic course with a high incidence rate. The implementation of a complex of AEMs when first COVID-19 cases were registered prevented the formation of a large infection focus and facilitated its timely isolation. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that AEMs are the main measures to limit focal incidence of COVID-19 in the dormitories of Moscow. Key words: infection focus, dormitory, antiepidemic measures, COVID-19","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67727247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2022-1-127-130
T. Chestnova, A.S. Ignatkova, O. A. Kuznetsova, A. V. Mariyko
Objective. To study the prevalence of mutations causing resistance to macrolides in Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the Tula region and compare the data with similar studies from European and Asian countries. Material and methods. A retrospective study of 76 samples of biological materials (nasal and pharynx swabs) was conducted. The materials were collected from the patients with an established diagnosis: the lower respiratory tract infection (pneumonia, bronchitis). All the patients included in the study were treated in specialized infections units and clinics of the Tula region for the period 2017–2018. Antibiotic therapy was not conducted before the initial survey. All the samples contained M. pneumoniae DNA. A real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) technology was used to detect the DNA of M. pneumoniae in the materials. The analysis of mutations in the 23S rRNA gene was performed at the Scientific Research Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy in Smolensk. During the study, a modified real-time PCR technique with the effect of the fluorescence quenching of the probe with a primer (patent No. 2646123) was used. The statistical analysis was carried out with the MS Excel software package. Results. It was identified that 9 samples (11.84%) had mutations associated with resistance to macrolides. Two samples had the A2059G mutation, while seven samples had the A2058G mutation (numbering of nucleotide sequences in the M. pneumoniae rRNA gene was compiled following E. coli numbering). The data obtained by us are slightly higher than the mean values of European countries and are significantly lower according to the studies of Asian countries. Conclusions. Provided unique data on the prevalence and identification of mutations of macrolide-resistant strains of M. pneumoniae in one of the regions of the Central Federal District is a contribution to the study of antibiotic-resistant strains of M. pneumoniae in Russia and all over the world. There is a necessity to monitor antibiotic resistance in other regions and increase diligence on atypical forms of community-acquired pneumonia since the co-infection of M. pneumoniae patients with COVID-19 leads to a deterioration in the condition and an increase in the duration of treatment. Keywords: community-acquired pneumonia, macrolides mycoplasmas, mutations of antibiotic resistance
{"title":"Analysis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibiotic resistance based on data obtained in the Tula region","authors":"T. Chestnova, A.S. Ignatkova, O. A. Kuznetsova, A. V. Mariyko","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2022-1-127-130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2022-1-127-130","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To study the prevalence of mutations causing resistance to macrolides in Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the Tula region and compare the data with similar studies from European and Asian countries. Material and methods. A retrospective study of 76 samples of biological materials (nasal and pharynx swabs) was conducted. The materials were collected from the patients with an established diagnosis: the lower respiratory tract infection (pneumonia, bronchitis). All the patients included in the study were treated in specialized infections units and clinics of the Tula region for the period 2017–2018. Antibiotic therapy was not conducted before the initial survey. All the samples contained M. pneumoniae DNA. A real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) technology was used to detect the DNA of M. pneumoniae in the materials. The analysis of mutations in the 23S rRNA gene was performed at the Scientific Research Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy in Smolensk. During the study, a modified real-time PCR technique with the effect of the fluorescence quenching of the probe with a primer (patent No. 2646123) was used. The statistical analysis was carried out with the MS Excel software package. Results. It was identified that 9 samples (11.84%) had mutations associated with resistance to macrolides. Two samples had the A2059G mutation, while seven samples had the A2058G mutation (numbering of nucleotide sequences in the M. pneumoniae rRNA gene was compiled following E. coli numbering). The data obtained by us are slightly higher than the mean values of European countries and are significantly lower according to the studies of Asian countries. Conclusions. Provided unique data on the prevalence and identification of mutations of macrolide-resistant strains of M. pneumoniae in one of the regions of the Central Federal District is a contribution to the study of antibiotic-resistant strains of M. pneumoniae in Russia and all over the world. There is a necessity to monitor antibiotic resistance in other regions and increase diligence on atypical forms of community-acquired pneumonia since the co-infection of M. pneumoniae patients with COVID-19 leads to a deterioration in the condition and an increase in the duration of treatment. Keywords: community-acquired pneumonia, macrolides mycoplasmas, mutations of antibiotic resistance","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67727624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2022-1-43-51
I. Nesterova, V. Gorodin, G. Chudilova, V. N. Chapurina, V. A. Matushkina, R.Yu. Gabdrakhmanova, L. Lomtatidze, S. Kovaleva, V. V.V.Malinovskaya, Т. Semenenko
Investigation of molecular mechanisms associated with interferon (IFN) production and receptor function of neutrophil granulocytes (NGs) in COVID-19 is highly relevant because it can be promising in the search for new therapeutic strategies targeting NGs and their reactivity to restore and strengthen the innate immune response against SARS-CoV-2. Objective. To assess the effects of recombinant IFN-α2b on the phenotype of CD16+IFNα/βR1–CD119+, CD16+IFNα/βR1+CD119–, and CD16+IFNα/βR1+CD119+ NGs from peripheral blood of patients with COVID-19 in an in vitro experiment. Patients and methods. We analyzed blood samples from 31 patients with a mean age of 61 years (range: 57;71 years) with moderate COVID-19. We assessed the number of CD16+IFNα/βR1–CD119+, CD16+IFNα/βR1+CD119–, and CD16+IFNα/βR1+CD119+ NGs, receptor density (FC 500, ‘Beckman Coulter,’ USA), phagocytic activity of NGs before and after incubation with recombinant IFN-α2b. We also measured serum levels of several cytokines, including IFNα, IFNγ, IL-6, IL-8 (ELISA, ‘Vektor-Best’ LLC). The control group comprised 22 adult healthy individuals with a mean age of 58 years (range: 57; 70 years). Results. Patients with moderate COVID-19 demonstrated low serum levels of IFNα and IFNγ along with elevated levels of IL-6 and IL-8. We observed transformation of 3 phenotypes among NG subpopulations: CD16+IFNα/βR1–CD119+, CD16+IFNα/βR1+CD119-, and CD16+IFNα/βR1+CD119+. We observed positive remodulating effects of recombinant IFN-α2b on the number and phenotype of NG subpopulations and their phagocytic activity in our in vitro experiment. Conclusion. Recombinant IFN-α2b demonstrated positive effects in in vitro experiments; therefore, it can be considered in the future as a potential therapeutic tool for moderate COVID-19. Restoration of type I IFN might be an effective treatment option for COVID-19, because it can promote faster virus elimination, restore normal functioning of the IFN system, and have positive regulatory effects on the phenotype of NG subpopulations. Key words: neutrophil granulocytes, subpopulations, COVID-19, phenotype, recombinant interferon α2b
{"title":"Effects of recombinant IFN-α2b on the phenotype of neutrophil granulocyte subpopulations in patients with COVID-19","authors":"I. Nesterova, V. Gorodin, G. Chudilova, V. N. Chapurina, V. A. Matushkina, R.Yu. Gabdrakhmanova, L. Lomtatidze, S. Kovaleva, V. V.V.Malinovskaya, Т. Semenenko","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2022-1-43-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2022-1-43-51","url":null,"abstract":"Investigation of molecular mechanisms associated with interferon (IFN) production and receptor function of neutrophil granulocytes (NGs) in COVID-19 is highly relevant because it can be promising in the search for new therapeutic strategies targeting NGs and their reactivity to restore and strengthen the innate immune response against SARS-CoV-2. Objective. To assess the effects of recombinant IFN-α2b on the phenotype of CD16+IFNα/βR1–CD119+, CD16+IFNα/βR1+CD119–, and CD16+IFNα/βR1+CD119+ NGs from peripheral blood of patients with COVID-19 in an in vitro experiment. Patients and methods. We analyzed blood samples from 31 patients with a mean age of 61 years (range: 57;71 years) with moderate COVID-19. We assessed the number of CD16+IFNα/βR1–CD119+, CD16+IFNα/βR1+CD119–, and CD16+IFNα/βR1+CD119+ NGs, receptor density (FC 500, ‘Beckman Coulter,’ USA), phagocytic activity of NGs before and after incubation with recombinant IFN-α2b. We also measured serum levels of several cytokines, including IFNα, IFNγ, IL-6, IL-8 (ELISA, ‘Vektor-Best’ LLC). The control group comprised 22 adult healthy individuals with a mean age of 58 years (range: 57; 70 years). Results. Patients with moderate COVID-19 demonstrated low serum levels of IFNα and IFNγ along with elevated levels of IL-6 and IL-8. We observed transformation of 3 phenotypes among NG subpopulations: CD16+IFNα/βR1–CD119+, CD16+IFNα/βR1+CD119-, and CD16+IFNα/βR1+CD119+. We observed positive remodulating effects of recombinant IFN-α2b on the number and phenotype of NG subpopulations and their phagocytic activity in our in vitro experiment. Conclusion. Recombinant IFN-α2b demonstrated positive effects in in vitro experiments; therefore, it can be considered in the future as a potential therapeutic tool for moderate COVID-19. Restoration of type I IFN might be an effective treatment option for COVID-19, because it can promote faster virus elimination, restore normal functioning of the IFN system, and have positive regulatory effects on the phenotype of NG subpopulations. Key words: neutrophil granulocytes, subpopulations, COVID-19, phenotype, recombinant interferon α2b","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67727393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2022-2-23-32
I. Nesterova, V. Gorodin, G. Chudilova, V. N. Chapurina, V. A. Matushkina, L. Lomtatidze, Т. Semenenko, V. Malinovskaya, A. N. Shuvalov, E. N. Vyzhlova
Identification of interrelated innate and sensitive immune responses in COVID-19 is an important step in the development of targeted therapeutic approaches, which is relevant. Objective. To clarify the features of the defect in the function of NK cells, T lymphocytes, the interferon system in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19. Patients and methods. Tests of the peripheral blood of 50 COVID-19 patients aged 61(57–71) and having the moderate and severe disease were performed. The following parameters were measured: the quantity of CD3+CD19–, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes, NK – (CD3–CD16+CD56+), and TNK – CD3+CD16+CD56+ with expression density considered membrane receptors (MFI) (FC 500 Beckman Coulter, USA), the levels of IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α cytokines (IFA). Results. Combined immunodeficiency associated with quantitative and functional defects in NK, T lymphocytes and their subsets was revealed in moderate and severe COVID-19. An imbalance of cytokines has been established: blockade of the production of IFN-α and IFN-γ against the background of a significant increase in IL-6 and TNF-α, which negatively affects both the number and functionality of the participants in the immune response and is associated with a severe course and poor prognosis of COVID-19. Conclusion. The data obtained demonstrate the need to develop new strategies and tactics for the treatment of COVID-19, including replacement systemic therapy with recombinant IFN-α2b in combination with antioxidants (Viferon®) in adequate therapeutic doses, aimed at restoring the normal functioning of T lymphocytes, NK and the interferon system. Key words: COVID-19, interferons, moderate and severe disease course, NK cells, T lymphocytes
{"title":"Defects in the interferon system associated with a deficiency of natural killers and T-cells in patients with COVID-19","authors":"I. Nesterova, V. Gorodin, G. Chudilova, V. N. Chapurina, V. A. Matushkina, L. Lomtatidze, Т. Semenenko, V. Malinovskaya, A. N. Shuvalov, E. N. Vyzhlova","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2022-2-23-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2022-2-23-32","url":null,"abstract":"Identification of interrelated innate and sensitive immune responses in COVID-19 is an important step in the development of targeted therapeutic approaches, which is relevant. Objective. To clarify the features of the defect in the function of NK cells, T lymphocytes, the interferon system in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19. Patients and methods. Tests of the peripheral blood of 50 COVID-19 patients aged 61(57–71) and having the moderate and severe disease were performed. The following parameters were measured: the quantity of CD3+CD19–, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes, NK – (CD3–CD16+CD56+), and TNK – CD3+CD16+CD56+ with expression density considered membrane receptors (MFI) (FC 500 Beckman Coulter, USA), the levels of IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α cytokines (IFA). Results. Combined immunodeficiency associated with quantitative and functional defects in NK, T lymphocytes and their subsets was revealed in moderate and severe COVID-19. An imbalance of cytokines has been established: blockade of the production of IFN-α and IFN-γ against the background of a significant increase in IL-6 and TNF-α, which negatively affects both the number and functionality of the participants in the immune response and is associated with a severe course and poor prognosis of COVID-19. Conclusion. The data obtained demonstrate the need to develop new strategies and tactics for the treatment of COVID-19, including replacement systemic therapy with recombinant IFN-α2b in combination with antioxidants (Viferon®) in adequate therapeutic doses, aimed at restoring the normal functioning of T lymphocytes, NK and the interferon system. Key words: COVID-19, interferons, moderate and severe disease course, NK cells, T lymphocytes","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67727758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-104-112
K. Omarova, L. Balykova, N. Pshenichnaya, D. N. Zemskov, K. Zaslavskaya, A. V. Taganov, P. A. Belyy
The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy and safety of using etiotropic therapy with favipiravir and molnupiravir that can selectively bind and inhibit not only SARS-CoV-2 proteins but also other RNA-containing pathogens of acute respiratory diseases. High transmission of pathogens, the risk of becoming chronic, frequent complications, cases of co-infection with several pathogens, which can lead to a more severe course of the disease, insufficient vaccination effectiveness, all this requires additional strategies for both prevention and treatment of acute respiratory viral infections. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which has no equivalent in human cells, is involved in RNA synthesis and is an excellent therapeutic target for diseases caused by RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. The long process of drug development and the “reuse” of drugs approved for other indications or successfully tested in terms of safety and tolerability pose the challenge of rapid establishment of an effective drug, including for the treatment of severe cases of COVID-19. Key words: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), favipiravir, molnupiravir
{"title":"Feasibility of targeted antiviral therapy for acute respiratory viral infections in the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"K. Omarova, L. Balykova, N. Pshenichnaya, D. N. Zemskov, K. Zaslavskaya, A. V. Taganov, P. A. Belyy","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-104-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-104-112","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy and safety of using etiotropic therapy with favipiravir and molnupiravir that can selectively bind and inhibit not only SARS-CoV-2 proteins but also other RNA-containing pathogens of acute respiratory diseases. High transmission of pathogens, the risk of becoming chronic, frequent complications, cases of co-infection with several pathogens, which can lead to a more severe course of the disease, insufficient vaccination effectiveness, all this requires additional strategies for both prevention and treatment of acute respiratory viral infections. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which has no equivalent in human cells, is involved in RNA synthesis and is an excellent therapeutic target for diseases caused by RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. The long process of drug development and the “reuse” of drugs approved for other indications or successfully tested in terms of safety and tolerability pose the challenge of rapid establishment of an effective drug, including for the treatment of severe cases of COVID-19. Key words: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), favipiravir, molnupiravir","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67727832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-92-97
N. Tkhakushinova, T. Shaturina
In this review, we analyze the whole spectrum of the current state of the problem of enterovirus infection in the world and in one of the regions of the Russian Federation, namely Krasnodar region. We discuss the currently used classification of enterovirus infections, clinical manifestations, new approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Key words: enterovirus infection, serotype, poliovirus
{"title":"Enterovirus infections: current state of the problem","authors":"N. Tkhakushinova, T. Shaturina","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-92-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-92-97","url":null,"abstract":"In this review, we analyze the whole spectrum of the current state of the problem of enterovirus infection in the world and in one of the regions of the Russian Federation, namely Krasnodar region. We discuss the currently used classification of enterovirus infections, clinical manifestations, new approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Key words: enterovirus infection, serotype, poliovirus","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67728794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-71-82
I. Chicherin, I. Pogorelsky, I. Lundovskikh, E. Kolevatykh
Objective. Comparative evaluation of the anti-Helicobacter activity of Stimbifid Plus meta-prebiotic and Helinorm metabiotic and the effectiveness of their oral administration for pathogen eradication in acute experimental helicobacteriosis in conventional white mice, using different microbiological methods. Materials and methods. The following microorganisms were used in the study: Helicobacter H. pylori strain 11, isolated from a biopsy sample of the gastric antral mucosa of a patient with gastritis, and its labeled rifampicin-resistant mutant H. pylori KM-11 (RifR), obtained by spontaneous mutagenesis, capable of growing on a solid culture medium with rifampicin at a concentration of 160 μg·mL–1; probiotic microorganisms – Escherichia coli M-17, Lactobacillus plantarum 8P-A3, Bifidobacterium bifidum No 1. H. pylori and H. pylori KM-11(RifR) were cultivated on a hemin-containing solid culture medium with special additives at a temperature of 37°C using an anaerobic cultivation system (anaerostat). The identification of microorganisms was carried out by morphological features and using bacterial biochemical identification kits. Experimental helicobacteriosis in conventional white mice was formed by oral administration of H. pylori bacterial suspension to animals against the background of the immunosuppressive effect of intramuscular administration of Dexamethasone. Stimbifid Plus meta-prebiotic and Helinorm metabiotic were used in the experiments. Electron microscopy of bacteria was performed using a scanning electron microscope. Statistical processing of the experimental results was carried out according to the Kerber method modified by I.P.Ashmarin and A.A.Vorobyov. Results. In vitro experiments established the anti-Helicobacter activity of Stimbifid Plus meta-prebiotic, which manifested itself as inhibition of the growth of H. pylori bacteria. In parallel experiments, the metabiotic Helinorm did not inhibit the growth of H. pylori bacteria, but only formed co-aggregates with them, diffusing into the culture medium. In experiments in vitro using the disk-diffusion method, evidence was obtained of the actual inhibition of the growth of probiotic microorganisms E. coli M-17, L. plantarum 8P-A3, B. bifidum No 1 by Helinorm metabiotic: L. plantarum 8P-A3 bacteria turned out to be the most sensitive to the effects of Helinorm metabiotic. When studying the survival of H. pylori bacteria in solutions of Stimbifid Plus meta-prebiotic and Helinorm metabiotic at a concentration of 8 mg·mL–1, a pronounced inhibitory effect of Stimbifid Plus meta-prebiotic was established, which manifested itself in the loss of H. pylori viability by 40 minutes of bacterial suspension incubation at a temperature of 37°C, while Helinorm metabiotic only reduced the number of H. pylori bacteria in suspension by 3 orders of magnitude at their initial concentration of 1.2 × 108 CFU mL–1. Experiments on conventional white mice with induced helicobacteriosis against the backgrou
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of anti-Helicobacter activity of Stimbifid Plus meta-prebiotic and Helinorm metabiotic","authors":"I. Chicherin, I. Pogorelsky, I. Lundovskikh, E. Kolevatykh","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-71-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-71-82","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Comparative evaluation of the anti-Helicobacter activity of Stimbifid Plus meta-prebiotic and Helinorm metabiotic and the effectiveness of their oral administration for pathogen eradication in acute experimental helicobacteriosis in conventional white mice, using different microbiological methods. Materials and methods. The following microorganisms were used in the study: Helicobacter H. pylori strain 11, isolated from a biopsy sample of the gastric antral mucosa of a patient with gastritis, and its labeled rifampicin-resistant mutant H. pylori KM-11 (RifR), obtained by spontaneous mutagenesis, capable of growing on a solid culture medium with rifampicin at a concentration of 160 μg·mL–1; probiotic microorganisms – Escherichia coli M-17, Lactobacillus plantarum 8P-A3, Bifidobacterium bifidum No 1. H. pylori and H. pylori KM-11(RifR) were cultivated on a hemin-containing solid culture medium with special additives at a temperature of 37°C using an anaerobic cultivation system (anaerostat). The identification of microorganisms was carried out by morphological features and using bacterial biochemical identification kits. Experimental helicobacteriosis in conventional white mice was formed by oral administration of H. pylori bacterial suspension to animals against the background of the immunosuppressive effect of intramuscular administration of Dexamethasone. Stimbifid Plus meta-prebiotic and Helinorm metabiotic were used in the experiments. Electron microscopy of bacteria was performed using a scanning electron microscope. Statistical processing of the experimental results was carried out according to the Kerber method modified by I.P.Ashmarin and A.A.Vorobyov. Results. In vitro experiments established the anti-Helicobacter activity of Stimbifid Plus meta-prebiotic, which manifested itself as inhibition of the growth of H. pylori bacteria. In parallel experiments, the metabiotic Helinorm did not inhibit the growth of H. pylori bacteria, but only formed co-aggregates with them, diffusing into the culture medium. In experiments in vitro using the disk-diffusion method, evidence was obtained of the actual inhibition of the growth of probiotic microorganisms E. coli M-17, L. plantarum 8P-A3, B. bifidum No 1 by Helinorm metabiotic: L. plantarum 8P-A3 bacteria turned out to be the most sensitive to the effects of Helinorm metabiotic. When studying the survival of H. pylori bacteria in solutions of Stimbifid Plus meta-prebiotic and Helinorm metabiotic at a concentration of 8 mg·mL–1, a pronounced inhibitory effect of Stimbifid Plus meta-prebiotic was established, which manifested itself in the loss of H. pylori viability by 40 minutes of bacterial suspension incubation at a temperature of 37°C, while Helinorm metabiotic only reduced the number of H. pylori bacteria in suspension by 3 orders of magnitude at their initial concentration of 1.2 × 108 CFU mL–1. Experiments on conventional white mice with induced helicobacteriosis against the backgrou","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67729084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-114-128
E. Domonova, E. Voronin, E. Melekhina, O. Chugunova, S. Cherkasova, A. Zaplatnikov, A. Dementyev, M. Tvorogova, V. Akimkin
Overdiagnosis of congenital infections caused by Human Herpesvirus 6A/B (HHV-6A/B) in newborns with an inherited chromosomally integrated (ici) HHV-6A/B creates an unreasonable economic burden for the healthcare system and society. We assessed economic significance of detection and laboratory confirmation of iciHHV-6A/B in newborns with congenital infections during their inpatient treatment in Moscow in 2020. The introduction of a new method based on the quantitative detection of HHV-6A/B DNA in patient’s whole blood sample, nail plates and/or hair follicles by a real-time polymerase chain reaction will result in an economic effect with a minimum ratio of 1:68, will reduce healthcare costs in Moscow and optimize the epidemiological surveillance of vertically congenital infections in the region. The total estimated economic costs averted (including costs of pharmacotherapy, as well as clinical, laboratory, and instrumental examinations and other medical procedures in maternity and obstetric hospitals) will be approximately 6 million rubles per year for Moscow. Key words: economic significance, economic costs averted, Human Herpesvirus 6A/B, inherited chromosomally integrated Human Herpesvirus 6 A/B, newborns, congenital infections
{"title":"Economic significance of detection and laboratory confirmation of inherited chromosomally integrated Human Herpesvirus 6A/B in newborns","authors":"E. Domonova, E. Voronin, E. Melekhina, O. Chugunova, S. Cherkasova, A. Zaplatnikov, A. Dementyev, M. Tvorogova, V. Akimkin","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-114-128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2022-3-114-128","url":null,"abstract":"Overdiagnosis of congenital infections caused by Human Herpesvirus 6A/B (HHV-6A/B) in newborns with an inherited chromosomally integrated (ici) HHV-6A/B creates an unreasonable economic burden for the healthcare system and society. We assessed economic significance of detection and laboratory confirmation of iciHHV-6A/B in newborns with congenital infections during their inpatient treatment in Moscow in 2020. The introduction of a new method based on the quantitative detection of HHV-6A/B DNA in patient’s whole blood sample, nail plates and/or hair follicles by a real-time polymerase chain reaction will result in an economic effect with a minimum ratio of 1:68, will reduce healthcare costs in Moscow and optimize the epidemiological surveillance of vertically congenital infections in the region. The total estimated economic costs averted (including costs of pharmacotherapy, as well as clinical, laboratory, and instrumental examinations and other medical procedures in maternity and obstetric hospitals) will be approximately 6 million rubles per year for Moscow. Key words: economic significance, economic costs averted, Human Herpesvirus 6A/B, inherited chromosomally integrated Human Herpesvirus 6 A/B, newborns, congenital infections","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67727870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2022-1-82-90
Sharifah Fazlinda Syed Nor Sharifah Fazlinda Syed Nor, Nurul Afzan Aminuddin Nurul Afzan Aminuddin, Norain Ahmad Norain Ahmad, Mohd Rohaizat Hassan Mohd Rohaizat Hassan, Azmawati Mohammed Nawi Azmawati Mohammed Nawi, Norfazilah Ahmad Norfazilah Ahmad, Nicholas Tze Ping Pang Nicholas Tze Ping Pang, Azizan Omar Azizan Omar, Mohd Faizal Madrim Mohd Faizal Madrim, Khalid Mokti Khalid Mokti, Abdul Rahman Ramdzan Abdul Rahman Ramdzan, Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul Rahim Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul Rahim, Muhammad Saffree Jeffree Muhammad Saffree Jeffree
The re-emerging of vaccine preventable diseases is a global public health burgeoning issue. The incompleteness of vaccination or low uptake rate is due to low awareness of the importance of vaccines, forgetfulness, poor counselling, and health education from the healthcare providers. Mobile phone messaging reminder was one of the most studied interventions to overcome these problems in the last decade due to increasing usage of mobile phones in daily living activities. Therefore the aim of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of mobile phone messaging intervention on vaccination programmes of preventable diseases worldwide. Methods. A systematic literature search of randomised controlled trials on Cochrane database that were published for the past 10 years was done; in which 10 articles were selected for critical appraisal and qualitative synthesis. Out of the 10 articles, 9 articles were selected and proceeded with meta-analysis based on GRADE risk of bias assessment. Results. The overall vaccination coverage of mobile phone messaging in the intervention group was higher than the control group [61,586 (47.7%) versus 61,571(45.7%)] with significant pooled vaccination prevalence difference (PD) of 0.02 (CI 0.01, 0.03). In the subgroup analysis, the pooled PD of childhood vaccination coverage was not significant although significant pooled PD of 0.03 (CI 0.01, 0.04) was detected in the influenza vaccination coverage. Conclusion. This review and meta-analysis have strengthened the evidence that mobile phone messaging is an effective intervention method to increase vaccination coverage, especially for influenza vaccination. However, its effect on childhood vaccination coverage was inconclusive and needed more high quality research. Key words: mobile phone messaging; vaccine preventable illnesses; meta analysis; influenza
{"title":"A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mobile Phone Messaging Intervention on Vaccine Preventable Diseases","authors":"Sharifah Fazlinda Syed Nor Sharifah Fazlinda Syed Nor, Nurul Afzan Aminuddin Nurul Afzan Aminuddin, Norain Ahmad Norain Ahmad, Mohd Rohaizat Hassan Mohd Rohaizat Hassan, Azmawati Mohammed Nawi Azmawati Mohammed Nawi, Norfazilah Ahmad Norfazilah Ahmad, Nicholas Tze Ping Pang Nicholas Tze Ping Pang, Azizan Omar Azizan Omar, Mohd Faizal Madrim Mohd Faizal Madrim, Khalid Mokti Khalid Mokti, Abdul Rahman Ramdzan Abdul Rahman Ramdzan, Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul Rahim Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul Rahim, Muhammad Saffree Jeffree Muhammad Saffree Jeffree","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2022-1-82-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2022-1-82-90","url":null,"abstract":"The re-emerging of vaccine preventable diseases is a global public health burgeoning issue. The incompleteness of vaccination or low uptake rate is due to low awareness of the importance of vaccines, forgetfulness, poor counselling, and health education from the healthcare providers. Mobile phone messaging reminder was one of the most studied interventions to overcome these problems in the last decade due to increasing usage of mobile phones in daily living activities. Therefore the aim of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of mobile phone messaging intervention on vaccination programmes of preventable diseases worldwide. Methods. A systematic literature search of randomised controlled trials on Cochrane database that were published for the past 10 years was done; in which 10 articles were selected for critical appraisal and qualitative synthesis. Out of the 10 articles, 9 articles were selected and proceeded with meta-analysis based on GRADE risk of bias assessment. Results. The overall vaccination coverage of mobile phone messaging in the intervention group was higher than the control group [61,586 (47.7%) versus 61,571(45.7%)] with significant pooled vaccination prevalence difference (PD) of 0.02 (CI 0.01, 0.03). In the subgroup analysis, the pooled PD of childhood vaccination coverage was not significant although significant pooled PD of 0.03 (CI 0.01, 0.04) was detected in the influenza vaccination coverage. Conclusion. This review and meta-analysis have strengthened the evidence that mobile phone messaging is an effective intervention method to increase vaccination coverage, especially for influenza vaccination. However, its effect on childhood vaccination coverage was inconclusive and needed more high quality research. Key words: mobile phone messaging; vaccine preventable illnesses; meta analysis; influenza","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67728054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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