Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2021-2-101-108
O. L. Nosareva, A. P. Pomogaeva, E. A. Stepovaya, T. V. Zhavoronok, E. V. Shakhristova, E. Krasnova, A. V. Vasyunin
Objective. To assess the impact of changes in the content of ceruloplasmin and the activity of myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase on an increase in the severity and development of a form of pseudotuberculosis progression in children, to determine prognostic criteria for the formation of a non-smooth progression of the disease. Patients and methods. 125 children with pseudotuberculosis of various severity and progression were examined. The control group consisted of 45 children with health group II. The content of ceruloplasmin, the total peroxidase activity of blood plasma, the activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and myeloperoxidase were determined. Results. An increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase, myeloperoxidase and catalase in the acute period of pseudotuberculosis in all groups of children was determined. During the period of early convalescence an increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase, myeloperoxidase, and catalase against the background of comparable values of ceruloplasmin and glutathione peroxidase activity was observed in children with severe pseudotuberculosis. Conclusion. The results of the study prove that the mechanisms of non-smooth progression formation and an increase in the severity of pseudotuberculosis in children are mediated by an imbalance in the functioning of antiperoxides. A decrease in the activity of glutathione peroxidase due to an increase in the functioning of catalase in erythrocytes, no increase in the content of ceruloplasmin in the blood plasma during the acute period and the period of early convalescence serve as a prognostic criterion for the formation of a more severe degree and non-smooth progression of pseudotuberculosis. Key words: children, pseudotuberculosis, oxidative stress, antioxidant system
{"title":"Clinical and pathogenetic significance of antioxidant defense impairments in children with pseudotuberculosis","authors":"O. L. Nosareva, A. P. Pomogaeva, E. A. Stepovaya, T. V. Zhavoronok, E. V. Shakhristova, E. Krasnova, A. V. Vasyunin","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2021-2-101-108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-2-101-108","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To assess the impact of changes in the content of ceruloplasmin and the activity of myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase on an increase in the severity and development of a form of pseudotuberculosis progression in children, to determine prognostic criteria for the formation of a non-smooth progression of the disease. Patients and methods. 125 children with pseudotuberculosis of various severity and progression were examined. The control group consisted of 45 children with health group II. The content of ceruloplasmin, the total peroxidase activity of blood plasma, the activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and myeloperoxidase were determined. Results. An increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase, myeloperoxidase and catalase in the acute period of pseudotuberculosis in all groups of children was determined. During the period of early convalescence an increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase, myeloperoxidase, and catalase against the background of comparable values of ceruloplasmin and glutathione peroxidase activity was observed in children with severe pseudotuberculosis. Conclusion. The results of the study prove that the mechanisms of non-smooth progression formation and an increase in the severity of pseudotuberculosis in children are mediated by an imbalance in the functioning of antiperoxides. A decrease in the activity of glutathione peroxidase due to an increase in the functioning of catalase in erythrocytes, no increase in the content of ceruloplasmin in the blood plasma during the acute period and the period of early convalescence serve as a prognostic criterion for the formation of a more severe degree and non-smooth progression of pseudotuberculosis. Key words: children, pseudotuberculosis, oxidative stress, antioxidant system","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67724332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2021-2-109-112
I. Khutoryanina, T. Tverdohlebova
Toxocarosis is a widespread parasitic infection and a significant healthcare challenge. Humans can be infected through contacts with animals and soil contaminated by eggs of Toxocara сanis. Children aged 3–5 years are particularly vulnerable population because of their active contact with soil. Veterinary specialists, people working in dog shelters, zoos, groceries, and people who have gardens are also at risk of infection. Objective. To analyze the epidemiological situation of toxocarosis in the South of Russia. Materials and methods. The Laboratory of Sanitary and Parasitological Monitoring, Medical Parasitology, and Immunology of Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, has been continuously monitoring the situation with parasitoses in the Southern Federal District for many years. A total of 1,026 samples of soil were collected in 2012–2020. We performed serological and epidemiological examination for toxocarosis among residents of this Federal District. Results. We found that the number of seropositive individuals and soil contamination with the eggs of Toxocara spp. in the Southern Federal District were high and were not consistent with the official figures of toxocarosis incidence. This suggests that the true level of toxocarosis incidence is significantly higher than that officially reported for this territory. Conclusion. Our study confirmed that environment contamination with the eggs of Toxocara spp. is the main risk factor for toxocarosis in humans. Key words: toxocarosis, Toxocara spp., epidemiological situation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, sanitary and parasitological examination, soil
{"title":"Toxocarosis in the South of Russia: epidemiological and environmental aspects","authors":"I. Khutoryanina, T. Tverdohlebova","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2021-2-109-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-2-109-112","url":null,"abstract":"Toxocarosis is a widespread parasitic infection and a significant healthcare challenge. Humans can be infected through contacts with animals and soil contaminated by eggs of Toxocara сanis. Children aged 3–5 years are particularly vulnerable population because of their active contact with soil. Veterinary specialists, people working in dog shelters, zoos, groceries, and people who have gardens are also at risk of infection. Objective. To analyze the epidemiological situation of toxocarosis in the South of Russia. Materials and methods. The Laboratory of Sanitary and Parasitological Monitoring, Medical Parasitology, and Immunology of Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, has been continuously monitoring the situation with parasitoses in the Southern Federal District for many years. A total of 1,026 samples of soil were collected in 2012–2020. We performed serological and epidemiological examination for toxocarosis among residents of this Federal District. Results. We found that the number of seropositive individuals and soil contamination with the eggs of Toxocara spp. in the Southern Federal District were high and were not consistent with the official figures of toxocarosis incidence. This suggests that the true level of toxocarosis incidence is significantly higher than that officially reported for this territory. Conclusion. Our study confirmed that environment contamination with the eggs of Toxocara spp. is the main risk factor for toxocarosis in humans. Key words: toxocarosis, Toxocara spp., epidemiological situation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, sanitary and parasitological examination, soil","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67724424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2021-3-5-13
A. Popova, E.B. Yezhlova, A. A. Melnikova, E. E. Andreeva, S. Kombarova, A. V. Aleshkin, Yu.V. Kobzeva, E. N. Ignatova, M. Osadchaya, E.V. Nazarenko, L. Antipova, L. Novikova, S. Bochkareva, A. Basov, A. M. Zatevalov, E. I. Likhanskaya, T. Mizaeva, A. M. Vorobev, A. Galitskiy, S. D. Mitrokhin, A. S. Shkoda
We evaluated humoral immunity (presence of specific IgM and IgG) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among healthcare professionals providing inpatient care for individuals with COVID-19. Objective. To detected and measure the level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in healthcare professionals and to identify how many of them contacted with COVID-19 patients, including those who had asymptomatic or subclinical disease. Materials and methods. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with the ‘SARS-CoV-2-ELISA- Vector’ kit for IgG (State research Center of Virology and Biotechnology ‘Vector’) and ‘SARS-CoV-2-IgGELISA-BEST’ and ‘SARS-CoV-2-IgМ-ELISA-BEST’ kits for IgM and IgG (Vector-Best LLC). Samples were collected in several healthcare institutions of Moscow and in G.N.Gabrichevskiy Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology. A total of 24,373 serum specimens from 74 healthcare institutions were tested. All study participants filled in special questionnaires. Results. Among 24,373 healthcare professionals tested in this study, 5,382 people were IgG-positive to SARS-CoV-2 (seroprevalence index 22.1%). The seropositivity rate was 21.5% in senior medical staff, 22.2% in nursing professionals, and 22.8% in medical assistants/technicians. We found that the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 seropositive individuals had changed over time, gradually increasing from 17.9% in April 2020 to 37.6% in December 2020. The proportion of SARS-CoV-2 seropositive people doubled among senior medical staff and nursing professionals during the year. The proportion of individuals with asymptomatic or subclinical COVID-19 was 13.8%. Conclusion. The methodological approaches used in this study allowed us to assess the humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 among healthcare professionals in Moscow. Our findings can be used for further improvement of anti-epidemic measures in healthcare institutions. Key words: seroprevalence, SARS-CoV-2, healthcare professionals, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, IgG, IgM
{"title":"Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among healthcare professionals in Moscow in April–December 2020","authors":"A. Popova, E.B. Yezhlova, A. A. Melnikova, E. E. Andreeva, S. Kombarova, A. V. Aleshkin, Yu.V. Kobzeva, E. N. Ignatova, M. Osadchaya, E.V. Nazarenko, L. Antipova, L. Novikova, S. Bochkareva, A. Basov, A. M. Zatevalov, E. I. Likhanskaya, T. Mizaeva, A. M. Vorobev, A. Galitskiy, S. D. Mitrokhin, A. S. Shkoda","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2021-3-5-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-3-5-13","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluated humoral immunity (presence of specific IgM and IgG) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among healthcare professionals providing inpatient care for individuals with COVID-19. Objective. To detected and measure the level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in healthcare professionals and to identify how many of them contacted with COVID-19 patients, including those who had asymptomatic or subclinical disease. Materials and methods. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with the ‘SARS-CoV-2-ELISA- Vector’ kit for IgG (State research Center of Virology and Biotechnology ‘Vector’) and ‘SARS-CoV-2-IgGELISA-BEST’ and ‘SARS-CoV-2-IgМ-ELISA-BEST’ kits for IgM and IgG (Vector-Best LLC). Samples were collected in several healthcare institutions of Moscow and in G.N.Gabrichevskiy Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology. A total of 24,373 serum specimens from 74 healthcare institutions were tested. All study participants filled in special questionnaires. Results. Among 24,373 healthcare professionals tested in this study, 5,382 people were IgG-positive to SARS-CoV-2 (seroprevalence index 22.1%). The seropositivity rate was 21.5% in senior medical staff, 22.2% in nursing professionals, and 22.8% in medical assistants/technicians. We found that the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 seropositive individuals had changed over time, gradually increasing from 17.9% in April 2020 to 37.6% in December 2020. The proportion of SARS-CoV-2 seropositive people doubled among senior medical staff and nursing professionals during the year. The proportion of individuals with asymptomatic or subclinical COVID-19 was 13.8%. Conclusion. The methodological approaches used in this study allowed us to assess the humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 among healthcare professionals in Moscow. Our findings can be used for further improvement of anti-epidemic measures in healthcare institutions. Key words: seroprevalence, SARS-CoV-2, healthcare professionals, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, IgG, IgM","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67726212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2021-2-65-69
Yu. O. Khlynina, A. Arova, A. B. Nevinsky
Novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has some specific clinical and immunopathogenic properties. SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the Coronaviridae family, the Betacoronavirus genus. COVID-19 can be asymptomatic, the most common clinical manifestation of this disease is viral pneumonia. The development of acute respiratory distress syndrome is noted in less than 5% of cases. The entry gates of this virus are the epithelium of the upper respiratory tract and epithelial cells (epitheliocytes) of the gastrointestinal tract. When the virus enters the human respiratory tract, mucociliary clearance is inhibited and epithelial cells die, allowing the virus to enter the peripheral blood with subsequent damage to target organs (lungs, digestive tract, heart, kidneys). An important pathogenic characteristic of SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially with severe disease, is an excessive immune system response with massive release of cytokines, which causes acute respiratory distress syndrome. Clinical and experimental studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 can be significantly more sensitive to type I interferons (IFN-I), than other coronaviruses. IFN-I deficiency is thought to play a key role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, and several studies have shown that delayed IFN-I signaling is associated with sustained viral replication and serious complications. The use of interferon-based medicines (IFN-I) for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 appears to be quite important to study attentively. This paper presents an original regimen of recombinant interferon alpha-2b-based medicine (Grippferon®, nasal drops and spray) for the medication-assisted post-exposure prevention of COVID-19 in healthcare specialists, working in the pediatric infectious disease hospital. The effectiveness and safety of this medication regimen for the COVID-19 prevention was shown. Key words: medication-assisted prevention, COVID-19, post-exposure protection of healthcare workers, recombinant interferon alpha-2b, Grippferon
{"title":"The use of interferon alpha-2b for prevention of novel coronavirus infection in healthcare workers","authors":"Yu. O. Khlynina, A. Arova, A. B. Nevinsky","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2021-2-65-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-2-65-69","url":null,"abstract":"Novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has some specific clinical and immunopathogenic properties. SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the Coronaviridae family, the Betacoronavirus genus. COVID-19 can be asymptomatic, the most common clinical manifestation of this disease is viral pneumonia. The development of acute respiratory distress syndrome is noted in less than 5% of cases. The entry gates of this virus are the epithelium of the upper respiratory tract and epithelial cells (epitheliocytes) of the gastrointestinal tract. When the virus enters the human respiratory tract, mucociliary clearance is inhibited and epithelial cells die, allowing the virus to enter the peripheral blood with subsequent damage to target organs (lungs, digestive tract, heart, kidneys). An important pathogenic characteristic of SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially with severe disease, is an excessive immune system response with massive release of cytokines, which causes acute respiratory distress syndrome. Clinical and experimental studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 can be significantly more sensitive to type I interferons (IFN-I), than other coronaviruses. IFN-I deficiency is thought to play a key role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, and several studies have shown that delayed IFN-I signaling is associated with sustained viral replication and serious complications. The use of interferon-based medicines (IFN-I) for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 appears to be quite important to study attentively. This paper presents an original regimen of recombinant interferon alpha-2b-based medicine (Grippferon®, nasal drops and spray) for the medication-assisted post-exposure prevention of COVID-19 in healthcare specialists, working in the pediatric infectious disease hospital. The effectiveness and safety of this medication regimen for the COVID-19 prevention was shown. Key words: medication-assisted prevention, COVID-19, post-exposure protection of healthcare workers, recombinant interferon alpha-2b, Grippferon","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67725234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2021-2-76-82
K. Ermolenko, Saint Petersburg Russian Federation Biological Agency, Y. Aleksandrovich, K. V. Pshenisnov, A. I. Konev, K. V. Serednyakov, I. V. Aleksandrovich, L. Ditkovskaya, E. Pavlovskaia
Accurate assessment of the disease severity and outcome prediction in children with neuroinfections is one of the most challenging problems in pediatric intensive care. Objective. To evaluate performance characteristics of several prognostic scales used in children with infections of the central nervous system (CNS). Patients and methods. We examined 100 children with a mean age of 3.5 years. Mean length of stay in the intensive care unit was 9.5 days; mean duration of ventilation was 6.0 days. The death rate was 11%. To evaluate patients’ condition, we used the following scales: PELOD2, PELOD, PRISM3, and pSOFA. Results. We found that 65% of patients had depressed consciousness; 22% of patients had high-grade fever. The stroke volume and ejection fraction were near the lower reference limit, while 20% of children had their ejection fraction ≤ 60%. Leukocytosis was observed in 51 children; 37 children had anemia. Hyponatremia was registered in 17% of cases. Severe hypocoagulation was observed in 7% of cases in patients with generalized meningococcal infection. We found that thrombocytopenia (117 × 109 cells/L) and SpO2/FiO2 ratio <200 mm Hg were the main predictors of death. The рSOFA scale demonstrated the highest accuracy among the scales studied (AUC = 0.717). Conclusion. The рSOFA scale is a highly sensitive and specific scale for the assessment of death risk in children with CNS infections, which allows us to recommend it for routine clinical practice. Key words: CNS infections, children, prognostic scales, PELOD, PELOD-2, рSOFA, SOFA
{"title":"Assessing the accuracy of prognostic scales in children with neuroinfections","authors":"K. Ermolenko, Saint Petersburg Russian Federation Biological Agency, Y. Aleksandrovich, K. V. Pshenisnov, A. I. Konev, K. V. Serednyakov, I. V. Aleksandrovich, L. Ditkovskaya, E. Pavlovskaia","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2021-2-76-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-2-76-82","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate assessment of the disease severity and outcome prediction in children with neuroinfections is one of the most challenging problems in pediatric intensive care. Objective. To evaluate performance characteristics of several prognostic scales used in children with infections of the central nervous system (CNS). Patients and methods. We examined 100 children with a mean age of 3.5 years. Mean length of stay in the intensive care unit was 9.5 days; mean duration of ventilation was 6.0 days. The death rate was 11%. To evaluate patients’ condition, we used the following scales: PELOD2, PELOD, PRISM3, and pSOFA. Results. We found that 65% of patients had depressed consciousness; 22% of patients had high-grade fever. The stroke volume and ejection fraction were near the lower reference limit, while 20% of children had their ejection fraction ≤ 60%. Leukocytosis was observed in 51 children; 37 children had anemia. Hyponatremia was registered in 17% of cases. Severe hypocoagulation was observed in 7% of cases in patients with generalized meningococcal infection. We found that thrombocytopenia (117 × 109 cells/L) and SpO2/FiO2 ratio <200 mm Hg were the main predictors of death. The рSOFA scale demonstrated the highest accuracy among the scales studied (AUC = 0.717). Conclusion. The рSOFA scale is a highly sensitive and specific scale for the assessment of death risk in children with CNS infections, which allows us to recommend it for routine clinical practice. Key words: CNS infections, children, prognostic scales, PELOD, PELOD-2, рSOFA, SOFA","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67725392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2021-4-79-90
G. Vikulov, I. V. Oradovskaya
This article discusses important aspects of human herpesvirus reactivation associated with COVID-19 and secondary immunodeficiency. It also presents the overall diagnostic and treatment algorithm for patients with mixed infections. Key words: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, human herpesviruses, epidemiology, algorithm
{"title":"Clinical and immunological characteristics of COVID-19 associated with human herpesvirus infections: management algorithms for mixed infections","authors":"G. Vikulov, I. V. Oradovskaya","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2021-4-79-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-4-79-90","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses important aspects of human herpesvirus reactivation associated with COVID-19 and secondary immunodeficiency. It also presents the overall diagnostic and treatment algorithm for patients with mixed infections. Key words: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, human herpesviruses, epidemiology, algorithm","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67727147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2021-1-135-138
S. Nikolaeva, D. Usenko, S. Shabalina, Y. Khlypovka, A. Gorelov
Acute respiratory infections are one of the most common infections in children worldwide. The implementation of novel highly accurate diagnostic methods demonstrated that a significant proportion of respiratory tract infections are caused by more than one pathogen (virus plus virus or virus plus bacterium). Most frequently, mixed infections are observed in young children, which, in addition to non-specificity of most clinical manifestations, necessitates pathogen identification in order to prevent inadequate use of antibiotics. Key words: respiratory infections, children, respiratory pathogen
{"title":"Mono- and mixed respiratory tract infections in children: relevance of the problem during the COVID-19 pandemics","authors":"S. Nikolaeva, D. Usenko, S. Shabalina, Y. Khlypovka, A. Gorelov","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2021-1-135-138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-1-135-138","url":null,"abstract":"Acute respiratory infections are one of the most common infections in children worldwide. The implementation of novel highly accurate diagnostic methods demonstrated that a significant proportion of respiratory tract infections are caused by more than one pathogen (virus plus virus or virus plus bacterium). Most frequently, mixed infections are observed in young children, which, in addition to non-specificity of most clinical manifestations, necessitates pathogen identification in order to prevent inadequate use of antibiotics. Key words: respiratory infections, children, respiratory pathogen","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67724000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2021-1-64-70
S. S. Smirnova, Ekaterinburg Russian Federation Human Well-being, E. V. Lelenkova, A. Markaryan, I. V. Vyalykh, A. V. Alimov
Objective. To study the clinical, epidemiological and etiological characteristics of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in in-patients in Ekaterinburg during the epidemic season 2017–2018. Patients and methods. 403 individual medical records were studied. Etiological decoding was carried out by isolating RNA or DNA of respiratory viruses from nasopharyngeal swabs by polymerase chain reaction. Results. SARI in hospitalized patients were caused by both influenza viruses (В Yamagata – 25.2% and А(H1N1)pdm09 – 11.0%) and viruses of non-influenza etiology (respiratory syncytial virus (RS-virus) – 13.3%, rhinovirus – 12.9%, metapneumovirus – 11.0%). It was found that viruses were more often secreted in children than in adults; among children of the younger age group (0–2 years old) viruses of non-influenza etiology were detected significantly more often, and in children 7–14 years old, influenza viruses were more often isolated. Patients with upper respiratory tract infections were significantly more likely to have influenza viruses (78.9%) than patients with lower respiratory tract infections (21.1%). Conclusion. The results of the study indicate the importance of hospital surveillance for SARI from the point of view of the etiological diagnosis of respiratory infections, the study of epidemiology and typical clinical manifestations for the timely diagnosis and development of additional preventive and anti-epidemic measures. Key words: hospital surveillance, influenza, PCR diagnostics, respiratory infections, epidemiology, etiology
{"title":"Clinical, epidemiological and etiological features of severe acute respiratory infections in hospitalized patients","authors":"S. S. Smirnova, Ekaterinburg Russian Federation Human Well-being, E. V. Lelenkova, A. Markaryan, I. V. Vyalykh, A. V. Alimov","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2021-1-64-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-1-64-70","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To study the clinical, epidemiological and etiological characteristics of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in in-patients in Ekaterinburg during the epidemic season 2017–2018. Patients and methods. 403 individual medical records were studied. Etiological decoding was carried out by isolating RNA or DNA of respiratory viruses from nasopharyngeal swabs by polymerase chain reaction. Results. SARI in hospitalized patients were caused by both influenza viruses (В Yamagata – 25.2% and А(H1N1)pdm09 – 11.0%) and viruses of non-influenza etiology (respiratory syncytial virus (RS-virus) – 13.3%, rhinovirus – 12.9%, metapneumovirus – 11.0%). It was found that viruses were more often secreted in children than in adults; among children of the younger age group (0–2 years old) viruses of non-influenza etiology were detected significantly more often, and in children 7–14 years old, influenza viruses were more often isolated. Patients with upper respiratory tract infections were significantly more likely to have influenza viruses (78.9%) than patients with lower respiratory tract infections (21.1%). Conclusion. The results of the study indicate the importance of hospital surveillance for SARI from the point of view of the etiological diagnosis of respiratory infections, the study of epidemiology and typical clinical manifestations for the timely diagnosis and development of additional preventive and anti-epidemic measures. Key words: hospital surveillance, influenza, PCR diagnostics, respiratory infections, epidemiology, etiology","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67724242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2021-3-85-91
L. Kraeva, O. Burgasova, I. S. Petrova, A. Samoylova, E. Rogacheva, M. Taranova, G. I. Bespalova
In recent years, acute respiratory viral infections (ARVIs) and other acute respiratory diseases (ARDs) have acquired some new characteristics of the disease course. The structure of complications has changed, in particular, such complications as community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and lesions to the upper respiratory tract have become significantly more common. CAP remains one of the main causes of death in patients with ARVIs and other acute respiratory infections due to bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Objective. To assess drug sensitivity of Moraxella catarrhalis strains isolated from patients with complicated ARVIs or ARDs. Materials and methods. Drug susceptibility assessment was performed using the disk diffusion method (DDM) and gradient diffusion method (E-test). The production of β-lactamases was evaluated using nitrocephine, a chromogenic substrate. Results. Isolated strains of M. catarrhalis were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and sensitive to fourth- and fifthgeneration cephalosporins. More than 70% of M. catarrhalis strains developed resistance to macrolides; 8% of strains were resistant to amoxiclav. All isolated M. catarrhalis strains were sensitive to respiratory fluoroquinolones, carbapenems, and ampicillin-sulbactam. Key words: Moraxella catarrhalis, complications of acute viral infections, bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics
{"title":"Antibiotic resistance of Moraxella catarrhalis strains isolated from patients with complicated acute respiratory viral infections and other acute respiratory diseases","authors":"L. Kraeva, O. Burgasova, I. S. Petrova, A. Samoylova, E. Rogacheva, M. Taranova, G. I. Bespalova","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2021-3-85-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-3-85-91","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, acute respiratory viral infections (ARVIs) and other acute respiratory diseases (ARDs) have acquired some new characteristics of the disease course. The structure of complications has changed, in particular, such complications as community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and lesions to the upper respiratory tract have become significantly more common. CAP remains one of the main causes of death in patients with ARVIs and other acute respiratory infections due to bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Objective. To assess drug sensitivity of Moraxella catarrhalis strains isolated from patients with complicated ARVIs or ARDs. Materials and methods. Drug susceptibility assessment was performed using the disk diffusion method (DDM) and gradient diffusion method (E-test). The production of β-lactamases was evaluated using nitrocephine, a chromogenic substrate. Results. Isolated strains of M. catarrhalis were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and sensitive to fourth- and fifthgeneration cephalosporins. More than 70% of M. catarrhalis strains developed resistance to macrolides; 8% of strains were resistant to amoxiclav. All isolated M. catarrhalis strains were sensitive to respiratory fluoroquinolones, carbapenems, and ampicillin-sulbactam. Key words: Moraxella catarrhalis, complications of acute viral infections, bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67726509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2021-4-43-50
Z. Sukmarova, Y. Ovchinnikov, G. Gudima, F. M. Ibragimova, O. V. Afonina, K.E. Machkalyan
The full-scale syndrome of pericarditis or subclinical changes in pericardium, as seen during transthoracic echocardiography, are detected in large number of patients with COVID-19 or or those who have recovered from COVID-19, and can persevering for about a year. There is a significant accumulation of reported cases of pericarditis following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Questions remain about subclinical pericardial involvement in vaccinated patients. The study is aimed to examine pericardial changes through transthoracic echocardiography in patients vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, and describe their dynamics and compare the ultrasound views with symptoms and inflammatory changes in blood tests. Methods. Inclusion criteria: The patient’s consent, the intention to be vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, no confirmation and suspicions about COVID-19 in the past, unchanged pericardium as of Visit 0, as well as no diseases which may cause any changes in the pericardium throughout the time of the study. Exclusion criteria: SARS-CoV-2 infection during the study, refusal or any impossibility to make more as 1 scheduled visit for check-up. Echocardiography was performed according to a standardized protocol at unchanged brightness settings with a focus on the pericardium in dynamics: before the vaccination (Visit 0), within a week after the first dose (Visit 1) and the second dose (Visit 2), and in a month (Visit 3), 2 months (Visit 4), 3 months (Visit 5) and 4 months (Visit 6) after the latest dose of the vaccine. Complete venous blood count with a leucogram and determination of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was performed at visits 0 and 2. Results. 52 patients completed their participation in the study. Low-intensity changes in the pericardium after the first dose of the vaccine were found in 67% of patients. Ultrasound changes arose as a more enhanced echocardiographic signal in the basal segments of the inferolateral area in 57%, spread up to the basal segment of the anterior lateral area in 13%, the area around the atria in 15%. Pericardial layer separation for 3 and more mm was found in 23%. After the second dose of the vaccine was administered, 74% demonstrated the enhancement of the pericardium, including signs of minor effusion in 20% of patients. The pericardium image got slightly less bright in 4 ± 1 weeks after the second dose: up to the conditional normal state (the visual quality of the pericardium in a specific person as of visit 0) in 2 patients. However, the pericardium remained brighter in 71%, with the minimal effusion in 1 patient. 68% of patients demonstrated the pathological TTE image in the 8th week after the vaccination, with effusion being discovered in 2% of patients. The hyperechogenity of the pericardium was detected in 66% in 12 ± 1 weeks, without effusion being found. The pericardium still remained brighter in 16 ± 1 weeks in 7% of patients than it was before the vaccination. Low-intensity pericardial chest pain is detected
经胸超声心动图显示的全面心包炎综合征或心包膜亚临床改变，在大量的COVID-19患者或COVID-19康复者中发现，并可持续约一年。在接种SARS-CoV-2疫苗后，报告的心包炎病例显著增加。接种疫苗患者的亚临床心包受累问题仍然存在。本研究旨在通过经胸超声心动图检查接种SARS-CoV-2疫苗的患者心包改变，描述其动态变化，并将超声图像与血液检查的症状和炎症变化进行比较。方法。纳入标准:患者同意，有接种SARS-CoV-2疫苗的意向，既往无COVID-19的确诊和怀疑，在第0次就诊时心包未改变，以及在整个研究过程中没有可能导致心包改变的疾病。排除标准:研究期间感染SARS-CoV-2，拒绝或不可能进行1次以上的预约检查。超声心动图按照标准化方案在不变亮度设置下进行，重点是心包动力学:在接种疫苗前(就诊0)，在第一剂(就诊1)和第二剂(就诊2)后一周内，以及在最后一次接种疫苗后一个月(就诊3)，2个月(就诊4)，3个月(就诊5)和4个月(就诊6)。在第0次和第2次就诊时进行全静脉血计数和白细胞图和红细胞沉降率测定。结果:52例患者完成了研究。67%的患者在接种第一剂疫苗后心包出现低强度改变。超声改变表现为超声心动图信号在外侧内区基底段增强(57%)，向前外侧区基底段扩散(13%)，心房周围区扩散(15%)。心包层分离3 mm及以上者占23%。在接种第二剂疫苗后，74%的患者心包增强，包括20%的患者有轻微积液的迹象。第二次给药后4±1周心包图像亮度略有下降:2例患者达到条件正常状态(就诊0时特定患者心包视觉质量)。然而，71%的患者心包仍然明亮，1例患者有少量积液。68%的患者在接种疫苗后第8周出现病理性TTE图像，2%的患者发现积液。66%的患者在12±1周内发现心包高回声，未见积液。在16±1周内，7%的患者心包仍比接种前明亮。低强度心包胸痛只有在主动询问时才能检测到，在接种第一剂和/或第二剂疫苗后的头4天内，高达8%的病例记录了低强度心包胸痛，与高回声的持续时间无关，但与渗出有关:r = 0.22 (p = 0.05)。在分析的血液参数中，接种疫苗后中性粒细胞百分比增加了2.8%，其比例的增加与就诊2时合并点的存在相关，包括任何考虑的心包回声参数:r = 0.5, p < 0.05;6%的患者中性粒细胞超过正常值。此外，接种疫苗后，红细胞沉降率显著增加(平均4.2 mm/h)，这与心包改变合并点的存在相关(r = 0.6, p < 0.05)。12%的受试者红细胞沉降率超过阈值，超声心动图均有积液记录。50%的患者在接种第二剂疫苗1周后出现带状中性粒细胞。观察到的患者均无需住院治疗并死亡。结论。绝大多数患者由于接种疫苗而表现出心包增强或积液的TTE现象。最小的变化在4个月内完全消失。心包超声变化的存在与红细胞沉降率和/或中性粒细胞比例的增加相关，在50%的分析中伴有刺移。我们认为需要更多有针对性的研究来评估病毒抗原对人体的全身影响。根据该中心的经验，就TTE体征而言，上述TTE变化远不如接触活病原体后发生的剧烈。 经胸超声心动图显示的全面心包炎综合征或心包膜亚临床改变，在大量的COVID-19患者或COVID-19康复者中发现，并可持续约一年。在接种SARS-CoV-2疫苗后，报告的心包炎病例显著增加。接种疫苗患者的亚临床心包受累问题仍然存在。本研究旨在通过经胸超声心动图检查接种SARS-CoV-2疫苗的患者心包改变，描述其动态变化，并将超声图像与血液检查的症状和炎症变化进行比较。方法。纳入标准:患者同意，有接种SARS-CoV-2疫苗的意向，既往无COVID-19的确诊和怀疑，在第0次就诊时心包未改变，以及在整个研究过程中没有可能导致心包改变的疾病。排除标准:研究期间感染SARS-CoV-2，拒绝或不可能进行1次以上的预约检查。超声心动图按照标准化方案在不变亮度设置下进行，重点是心包动力学:在接种疫苗前(就诊0)，在第一剂(就诊1)和第二剂(就诊2)后一周内，以及在最后一次接种疫苗后一个月(就诊3)，2个月(就诊4)，3个月(就诊5)和4个月(就诊6)。在第0次和第2次就诊时进行全静脉血计数和白细胞图和红细胞沉降率测定。结果:52例患者完成了研究。67%的患者在接种第一剂疫苗后心包出现低强度改变。超声改变表现为超声心动图信号在外侧内区基底段增强(57%)，向前外侧区基底段扩散(13%)，心房周围区扩散(15%)。心包层分离3 mm及以上者占23%。在接种第二剂疫苗后，74%的患者心包增强，包括20%的患者有轻微积液的迹象。第二次给药后4±1周心包图像亮度略有下降:2例患者达到条件正常状态(就诊0时特定患者心包视觉质量)。然而，71%的患者心包仍然明亮，1例患者有少量积液。68%的患者在接种疫苗后第8周出现病理性TTE图像，2%的患者发现积液。66%的患者在12±1周内发现心包高回声，未见积液。在16±1周内，7%的患者心包仍比接种前明亮。低强度心包胸痛只有在主动询问时才能检测到，在接种第一剂和/或第二剂疫苗后的头4天内，高达8%的病例记录了低强度心包胸痛，与高回声的持续时间无关，但与渗出有关:r = 0.22 (p = 0.05)。在分析的血液参数中，接种疫苗后中性粒细胞百分比增加了2.8%，其比例的增加与就诊2时合并点的存在相关，包括任何考虑的心包回声参数:r = 0.5, p < 0.05;6%的患者中性粒细胞超过正常值。此外，接种疫苗后，红细胞沉降率显著增加(平均4.2 mm/h)，这与心包改变合并点的存在相关(r = 0.6, p < 0.05)。12%的受试者红细胞沉降率超过阈值，超声心动图均有积液记录。50%的患者在接种第二剂疫苗1周后出现带状中性粒细胞。观察到的患者均无需住院治疗并死亡。结论。绝大多数患者由于接种疫苗而表现出心包增强或积液的TTE现象。最小的变化在4个月内完全消失。心包超声变化的存在与红细胞沉降率和/或中性粒细胞比例的增加相关，在50%的分析中伴有刺移。我们认为需要更多有针对性的研究来评估病毒抗原对人体的全身影响。根据该中心的经验，就TTE体征而言，上述TTE变化远不如接触活病原体后发生的剧烈。 因此，由于疾病，它肯定比“自然”免疫更有利。关键词:COVID-19，并发症，超声心动图，心包炎，疫苗接种 因此，由于疾病，它肯定比“自然”免疫更有利。关键词:COVID-19，并发症，超声心动图，心包炎，疫苗接种
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