Pub Date : 1978-06-20DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1978.7566856
D. Clifford
Much of the concern over lightning induced transients in critical aircraft flight control systems has centered on the return stroke cur rent aspect o f lightning. The very high peak currents associated with lightning (up to 200,000 amps) and the rapidly changing magnetic fields would appear to pose the most significant threat to electronic systems. However, recently reported flight data coupled with new in formation from laboratory tests indicate that other aspects o f the lightning flash, such as E-field changes and radiated RF, may pose as much o f a threat as the high peak currents for m odem , well-designed systems. This paper proposes a Total Lightning Threat Scenario which identifies specific aspects of a lightning strike which may impact avionics design and performance and relates them to observed labora tory and flight test data.
{"title":"The Impact of the Total Lightning Environment on Aircraft Flight Control Systems","authors":"D. Clifford","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1978.7566856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1978.7566856","url":null,"abstract":"Much of the concern over lightning induced transients in critical aircraft flight control systems has centered on the return stroke cur rent aspect o f lightning. The very high peak currents associated with lightning (up to 200,000 amps) and the rapidly changing magnetic fields would appear to pose the most significant threat to electronic systems. However, recently reported flight data coupled with new in formation from laboratory tests indicate that other aspects o f the lightning flash, such as E-field changes and radiated RF, may pose as much o f a threat as the high peak currents for m odem , well-designed systems. This paper proposes a Total Lightning Threat Scenario which identifies specific aspects of a lightning strike which may impact avionics design and performance and relates them to observed labora tory and flight test data.","PeriodicalId":377995,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125515538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1978-06-20DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1978.7566867
M. Frazier, J. Bridges, R. Hauser
To provide quantitative data on the effects of electric fields from power lines and leakage currents from household appliances on patients with implanted pacemakers, a semi-empirical prediction method was de veloped. Input data to the prediction model included in vitro susceptibility bench tests on pacemakers, in vivo exposure measurements on baboons with implanted pacemakers, and nonhazardous, noninvasive tests on humans. The results show that widespread interference from 60 Hz electric fields or currents does not con stitute a problem for the vast majority of pacemaker patients. Several remedial approaches have been iden tified for the small group of patients where the possi bility of interference may occur. The paper describes the basic modeling concept for relating the fields and body currents to the voltage sensed by the implanted pacemaker. The methods used to obtain empirical data for the model and to verify the model by in vivo animal testing are described. The ex tension of the model to the human form is presented along with examples of predictions for electric field and body current excitation for various implant ar rangements and pacemaker sensitivities.
{"title":"Internal Body Potentials and Currents from ELF Electric Fields and Household Appliances","authors":"M. Frazier, J. Bridges, R. Hauser","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1978.7566867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1978.7566867","url":null,"abstract":"To provide quantitative data on the effects of electric fields from power lines and leakage currents from household appliances on patients with implanted pacemakers, a semi-empirical prediction method was de veloped. Input data to the prediction model included in vitro susceptibility bench tests on pacemakers, in vivo exposure measurements on baboons with implanted pacemakers, and nonhazardous, noninvasive tests on humans. The results show that widespread interference from 60 Hz electric fields or currents does not con stitute a problem for the vast majority of pacemaker patients. Several remedial approaches have been iden tified for the small group of patients where the possi bility of interference may occur. The paper describes the basic modeling concept for relating the fields and body currents to the voltage sensed by the implanted pacemaker. The methods used to obtain empirical data for the model and to verify the model by in vivo animal testing are described. The ex tension of the model to the human form is presented along with examples of predictions for electric field and body current excitation for various implant ar rangements and pacemaker sensitivities.","PeriodicalId":377995,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114743699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1978-06-20DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1978.7566893
P. K. Bondyopadhyay
{"title":"Electromagnetic Field Penetration into a Spherical Cavity - A New Approach","authors":"P. K. Bondyopadhyay","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1978.7566893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1978.7566893","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":377995,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133024938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1978-06-20DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1978.7566865
L. Valcik, A. Valentino
{"title":"Interference Limit for Antenna Current in Proposed SEAFARER ELF Communication System","authors":"L. Valcik, A. Valentino","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1978.7566865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1978.7566865","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":377995,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123056595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1978-06-20DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1978.7566876
R. A. Pearlman
The IEMCAP computes an in t e g r a t e d EMI margin ( I .M .) t h a t i s used in a s s e s s i n g e le c tr o m a g n e t ic c o m p a t ib i l i t y o f e l e c t r o n i c systems-*-. T h is paper t r e a t s th e s u b j e c t o f th e I.M. in some depth , d e s c r ib in g i t s p h y s i c a l meaning i n r e l a t i o n to r e a l hardware, how i t i s d e r iv e d from a sy stem m odel, and how i t i s used by th e EMC e n g in e e r . A method i s recommended fo r q u a n t i fy in g key param eters e n te r in g i n t o the I.M. com putation, based on hardware performance c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s and system d e s ig n c o n s id e r a t io n s such as n o i s e f i g u r e , s i g n a l t o n o i s e r a t io and s e n s i t i v i t y . To dem onstrate the p h y s ic a l meaning o f the I .M ., an experim ent i s d e sc r ib e d in which th e t h e o r e t i c a l l y d e r iv e d I.M. can be c o r r e la t e d w ith measured d a ta .
The IEMCAP computes an在t和g r t和d EMI 26 (I。M .) t h t s used in a s s和s n g和c tr或M a n和t ic c o M p t ib l I t y r f和l和c或c系统- * -。T h is票据T r和s th和s u b j和c T或f th和I . M .在depth的c、d、s r I g T s p h y s meaning I n r和l a T或no铜门和硬件知识第四和d d T r from或sy stem米,invented and I T s used by th和EMC和g和r。法recommended fo r s A t g key param fy y r g t eters或the i . M . com putation,基于硬件表演c h A r A c t和r s t c s和d系统和s gl id和r n c或n o t我n s such as n或s和f g r和s u g l t或n或s和r t我和s和n t i s t y。To马克onstrate the p h y s - l - meaning ic或f the I . M ., an experim数万sc d和r ib和d在该th和t h和o t a l l y - c d和r iv和d . M . can be或r r和t c和d w ith measured d a。
{"title":"Physical Interpretation of the IEMCAP Integrated EMI Margin","authors":"R. A. Pearlman","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1978.7566876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1978.7566876","url":null,"abstract":"The IEMCAP computes an in t e g r a t e d EMI margin ( I .M .) t h a t i s used in a s s e s s i n g e le c tr o m a g n e t ic c o m p a t ib i l i t y o f e l e c t r o n i c systems-*-. T h is paper t r e a t s th e s u b j e c t o f th e I.M. in some depth , d e s c r ib in g i t s p h y s i c a l meaning i n r e l a t i o n to r e a l hardware, how i t i s d e r iv e d from a sy stem m odel, and how i t i s used by th e EMC e n g in e e r . A method i s recommended fo r q u a n t i fy in g key param eters e n te r in g i n t o the I.M. com putation, based on hardware performance c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s and system d e s ig n c o n s id e r a t io n s such as n o i s e f i g u r e , s i g n a l t o n o i s e r a t io and s e n s i t i v i t y . To dem onstrate the p h y s ic a l meaning o f the I .M ., an experim ent i s d e sc r ib e d in which th e t h e o r e t i c a l l y d e r iv e d I.M. can be c o r r e la t e d w ith measured d a ta .","PeriodicalId":377995,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"380 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116056281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1978-06-20DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1978.7566824
A. Rashid
In this paper the electromagnetic compatibility of twisted wires is evaluated. A twisted pair is uniquely represented by arrays of loops and dipoles. For many practical applications, the circum ference of the loop is small compared to the wavelength of in ter ference. When such is the case, only the transmission mode of pro pagation and normal mode of radiation are of interest, as the ax ial mode of radiation is very small compared to the normal mode of radiation. Mathematical formulas of power received by arrays for both uniform and non-uniform excitation are compared with the power received by a two-wire line of the same length as the a r ray. The relative shielding effectiveness of a twisted-pair cable with respect to a two-wire line is calculated from their power ratio.
{"title":"A Mathematical Analysis of the Electromagnetic Compatibility of Twisted Wires","authors":"A. Rashid","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1978.7566824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1978.7566824","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the electromagnetic compatibility of twisted wires is evaluated. A twisted pair is uniquely represented by arrays of loops and dipoles. For many practical applications, the circum ference of the loop is small compared to the wavelength of in ter ference. When such is the case, only the transmission mode of pro pagation and normal mode of radiation are of interest, as the ax ial mode of radiation is very small compared to the normal mode of radiation. Mathematical formulas of power received by arrays for both uniform and non-uniform excitation are compared with the power received by a two-wire line of the same length as the a r ray. The relative shielding effectiveness of a twisted-pair cable with respect to a two-wire line is calculated from their power ratio.","PeriodicalId":377995,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121512388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1978-06-20DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1978.7566864
J. C. Parker
Insuring electromagnetic compatibility with expanding commercial power systems requires knowledge of fundamental relationships that quantify likely levels of induction. A stochastic modeling technique is introduced that Accommodates the inherent variability in both placement and level of power system loads. These new broad-brush results furnish a needed tool for inductive coordination and long-term planning.
{"title":"A Probabilistic Model of Magnetic Induction from Power Distribution Systems","authors":"J. C. Parker","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1978.7566864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1978.7566864","url":null,"abstract":"Insuring electromagnetic compatibility with expanding commercial power systems requires knowledge of fundamental relationships that quantify likely levels of induction. A stochastic modeling technique is introduced that Accommodates the inherent variability in both placement and level of power system loads. These new broad-brush results furnish a needed tool for inductive coordination and long-term planning.","PeriodicalId":377995,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122157699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1978-06-20DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1978.7566874
K. Siarkiewicz
Abstract : This report contains a detailed introduction to the General Electromagnetic Model for the Analysis of Complex Systems (GEMACS). It contains a thorough discussion of all of the commands in the GEMACS executive and geometry languages and explains their use by reference to a sample problem that is explained in great detail throughout the document. Suggested uses of GEMACS are provided along with the executive command streams to exercise these capabilities. The document is meant to be the initial exposure to the user of the GEMACS analysis tool. In this it supplements the User's Manual in that the latter is written more in the form of a handbook to be used as a reference on the format of the various commands. (Author)
{"title":"General Electromagnetic Model for the Analysis of Complex Systems (GEMACS)","authors":"K. Siarkiewicz","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1978.7566874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1978.7566874","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract : This report contains a detailed introduction to the General Electromagnetic Model for the Analysis of Complex Systems (GEMACS). It contains a thorough discussion of all of the commands in the GEMACS executive and geometry languages and explains their use by reference to a sample problem that is explained in great detail throughout the document. Suggested uses of GEMACS are provided along with the executive command streams to exercise these capabilities. The document is meant to be the initial exposure to the user of the GEMACS analysis tool. In this it supplements the User's Manual in that the latter is written more in the form of a handbook to be used as a reference on the format of the various commands. (Author)","PeriodicalId":377995,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124586616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1978-06-20DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1978.7566837
R. Tell, D. L. Lambdin, E. Mantiply
A technique for identifying hospital locations which are potentially subject to high intensity radio frequency fields from nearby broadcast stations is discussed. A medical care facilities data base representing 27 percent of all existing such facili ties in the United States was used in conjunction with an automated broadcast station data base to determine and analyze distances between hospitals and nearby stations. It was determined that 20 percent of all hospitals are located within one mile of at least one FM broadcast station. The closest observed separation distance was 0.02 mile. Data are presented which allow determination of the fraction of hospitals having minimum separation distances ̂ various values for AM, FM, and TV stations. Information is provided on the number of such stations found within one mile of each hospital studied and the total effective radiated power of these stations.
{"title":"Hospital Proximities to Nearby Broadcast Stations","authors":"R. Tell, D. L. Lambdin, E. Mantiply","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1978.7566837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1978.7566837","url":null,"abstract":"A technique for identifying hospital locations which are potentially subject to high intensity radio frequency fields from nearby broadcast stations is discussed. A medical care facilities data base representing 27 percent of all existing such facili ties in the United States was used in conjunction with an automated broadcast station data base to determine and analyze distances between hospitals and nearby stations. It was determined that 20 percent of all hospitals are located within one mile of at least one FM broadcast station. The closest observed separation distance was 0.02 mile. Data are presented which allow determination of the fraction of hospitals having minimum separation distances ̂ various values for AM, FM, and TV stations. Information is provided on the number of such stations found within one mile of each hospital studied and the total effective radiated power of these stations.","PeriodicalId":377995,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"194 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116785324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1978-06-20DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1978.7566875
Forrest Karl Gardner, Steven A. Davidson
This study a s s e s s e d the e f f e c t i v e n e s s o f th e I n tr a system E lec trom agn etic C o m p a t ib il i ty A n a ly s is Program (IEMCAP) i n p r e d ic t in g antenn a-cou p led in t e r f e r e n c e problem s. The B-52 a i r c r a f t i s used i n th e c a se s tu d y . The study co n c lu d es th a t IEMCAP does c o r r e c t l y p r e d ic t a h ig h p ercen ta g e o f a c t u a l in t e r f e r e n c e problem s.
s和s和d This study the f和c t v和n和s或f th a和i tr - system和lees trom 57321 etic c o m p t ib ty号a 14.1 s is方案(IEMCAP) n p r和d i t g antenn a-cou p led在t和r f和r和解决问题号c和s . the b - 52的r c a f t s used i n th和c s如果你d y。The study co 7号c d es th a t IEMCAP doc c o r t c l y p . h t d ic gl h p ercen g和c或f m l t和r f和r n解决问题c和s。
{"title":"Validation of IEMCAP using the B-52","authors":"Forrest Karl Gardner, Steven A. Davidson","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1978.7566875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1978.7566875","url":null,"abstract":"This study a s s e s s e d the e f f e c t i v e n e s s o f th e I n tr a system E lec trom agn etic C o m p a t ib il i ty A n a ly s is Program (IEMCAP) i n p r e d ic t in g antenn a-cou p led in t e r f e r e n c e problem s. The B-52 a i r c r a f t i s used i n th e c a se s tu d y . The study co n c lu d es th a t IEMCAP does c o r r e c t l y p r e d ic t a h ig h p ercen ta g e o f a c t u a l in t e r f e r e n c e problem s.","PeriodicalId":377995,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"518 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133976770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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