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Integration and Verification of Miniature Fluid Film Pressure Sensors in Hydrodynamic Linear Guides 流体动力直线导轨中微型液膜压力传感器的集成与验证
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-08-19 DOI: 10.36897/jme/169525
Burhan Ibrar, V. Wittstock, J. Regel, M. Dix
Previously, a 2D simulation model for hydrodynamic linear guides with two reduction factors has been developed to calculate oil film pressure and floating heights/angle numerically. However, no method was available to verify the oil film pressure experimentally but only with floating heights measurement. Therefore, different pressure sensor’s integration methods were tested in a stationary Plexiglas rail to measure fluid film pressure inside the lubrication gap. The pressure sensors were statically and dynamically calibrated. However, floating heights could not be measured with the preliminary used Plexiglas rail. This paper reports the suitable integration of pressure sensors into a stationary steel rail to compensate this drawback. It focuses on the measurement of pressure rise using pressure sensors inside the lubrication gap in combination with the floating heights. Experimental results have shown that the oil film pressure inside the lubrication gap can be measured using pressure sensors, which draw conclusions about cavitation and lack of lubrication. The variation of oil film pressure measured along the length of the carriage can be used to improve the simulation model i.e. the reduction factors. The pressure measurement can help to identify the lubrication conditions and further actions can be taken to improve the lubrication cycle.
以前,已经开发了一个具有两个折减因子的流体动力学线性导轨的二维模拟模型,以数值计算油膜压力和浮动高度/角度。然而,没有任何方法可以通过实验来验证油膜压力,而只能通过浮动高度测量来验证。因此,在固定的有机玻璃导轨上测试了不同的压力传感器集成方法,以测量润滑间隙内的液膜压力。对压力传感器进行了静态和动态校准。然而,浮动高度无法用初步使用的有机玻璃轨道进行测量。本文报道了将压力传感器适当地集成到固定钢轨中以补偿这一缺点。它的重点是使用润滑间隙内的压力传感器结合浮动高度来测量压力上升。实验结果表明,使用压力传感器可以测量润滑间隙内的油膜压力,从而得出气穴和润滑不足的结论。沿滑架长度测量的油膜压力的变化可用于改进模拟模型,即折减系数。压力测量有助于识别润滑条件,并可采取进一步措施改善润滑循环。
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引用次数: 0
A New Environmentally Friendly Chemical Mechanical Polishing Method Applied for Surface Finishing Ti-6Al-4V Alloy 一种用于Ti-6Al-4V合金表面处理的环保化学机械抛光新方法
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-07-22 DOI: 10.36897/jme/169614
N. M. Quang, Nguyen Ngoc Quan, N. Mai, Le Thi Phuong Thanh, Nguyen Tien Tung, Tran Ngoc Tan, Ha Thanh Hai, N. D. Trinh
A new eco-friendly slurry has been developed for the chemical mechanical polishing process with a solution of malic acid, deionized water, and an oxidizing agent hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). The surface quality of Ti-6Al-4V workpieces with the proposed chemical mechanical polishing slurry with optimal parameters include oxidizers (H 2 O 2 ), colloidal (SiO 2 ) slurry, and deionized water by weight 8%, 45%, and 47% respectively, the pH concentration is adjusted 4 through the malic acid content present in the slurry. Experimental results obtained with the proposed chemical mechanical polishing method show a more improved surface quality than previous studies when applying for polishing Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The developed chemical mechanical polishing method's polishing results under optimal conditions obtain an ultra-fine surface quality with Ra = 0.696 nm over a measuring area of 53×70 μm 2 . X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and electrochemical measurements were used to study the chemical reaction mechanisms in the proposed chemical mechanical polishing process. The chemical mechanical polishing processes for the surface of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy workpiece with the H 2 O 2 oxidizing agent showed high suitability with the reactants formed on the surface such as Ti, V, and Al oxide. With the proposed oxidant and the established chemical mechanical polishing slurry, the feasibility and surface quality of the super smooth Ti-6Al-4V workpiece formed after polishing were demonstrated. The established chemical mechanical polishing method shows high applicability in environmental protection and Ti-6Al-4V alloy ultra-precision machining industries.
用苹果酸、去离子水和氧化剂过氧化氢(H2 O2)的溶液开发了一种新的环保浆料,用于化学机械抛光工艺。采用所提出的最佳参数的化学机械抛光浆料,Ti-6Al-4V工件的表面质量分别包括氧化剂(H2 O2)、胶体(SiO2)浆料和去离子水(重量百分比分别为8%、45%和47%),pH浓度通过浆料中的苹果酸含量调节为4。用所提出的化学机械抛光方法获得的实验结果表明,当应用于抛光Ti-6Al-4V合金时,表面质量比以前的研究得到了更大的改善。所开发的化学机械抛光方法在最佳条件下的抛光结果在53×70μm2的测量面积上获得了Ra=0.696nm的超细表面质量。利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和电化学测量方法研究了化学机械抛光过程中的化学反应机理。H2 O2氧化剂对Ti-6Al-4V合金工件表面的化学机械抛光工艺对表面形成的反应物如Ti、V和Al氧化物表现出很高的适应性。利用所提出的氧化剂和所建立的化学机械抛光浆料,证明了抛光后形成超光滑Ti-6Al-4V工件的可行性和表面质量。所建立的化学机械抛光方法在环保和Ti-6Al-4V合金超精密加工行业具有很高的适用性。
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引用次数: 0
An Investigation of the Relationship Between Encoder Difference and Thermo-Elastic Machine Tool Deformation 编码器差与热弹性机床变形关系的研究
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-06-26 DOI: 10.36897/jme/168701
C. Brecher, Mathias Dehn, S. Neus
New approaches, using machine learning to model the thermo-elastic machine tool error, often rely on machine internal data, like axis speed or axis position as input data, which have a delayed relation to the thermo-elastic error. Since there is no direct relation to the thermo-elastic error, this can lead to an increased computation inaccuracy of the model or the need for expensive sensor equipment for additional input data. The encoder difference is easy to obtain and has a direct relationship with the thermo-elastic error and therefore has a high potential to improve the accuracy thermo-elastic error models. This paper first investigates causes of the encoder difference and its relationship with the thermo-elastic error. Afterwards, the model is presented, which uses the encoder difference to compute the thermo-elastic error. Due to the complexity of the relationship, it is necessary, to use a machine learning approach for this. To conclude, the potential of the encoder difference as an input of the model is evaluated.
使用机器学习对热弹性机床误差建模的新方法通常依赖于机器内部数据,如轴速度或轴位置作为输入数据,这些数据与热弹性误差具有延迟关系。由于与热弹性误差没有直接关系,这可能导致模型的计算不准确度增加,或者需要昂贵的传感器设备来获得额外的输入数据。编码器差易于获得,并且与热弹性误差有直接关系,因此具有提高热弹性误差模型精度的高潜力。本文首先研究了编码器误差产生的原因及其和热弹性误差的关系。然后,提出了利用编码器差分计算热弹性误差的模型。由于关系的复杂性,有必要为此使用机器学习方法。最后,评估了编码器差异作为模型输入的潜力。
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引用次数: 1
Assesment of the Candidate Suppliers’ Fluency in ISO GPS Standards Essential Principles, Rules and Indications 候选供应商对ISO GPS标准基本原则、规则和适应症的熟练程度评估
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.36897/jme/168074
M. Błaszczyk, Z. Humienny
Many potential suppliers state that they are ready to produce components according to specified requirements as they are familiar with the ISO GPS system tools for dimensional and geometrical tolerancing. Regrettably, in many instances, this is not true. This paper discusses a survey developed to assess the geometrical dimensioning and tolerancing skills and results derived from this survey executed among 15 potential suppliers. The investigation aims to preselect potential suppliers and evaluate how much support the suppliers will require while also assessing the risks associated with placing an order with a particular supplier. The survey is based on the online test comprised of 27 closed-end questions used to identify strengths, weaknesses, and knowledge of a candidate supplier’s personnel. Five different answers are given for each question. The respondent shall indicate one correct answer. The inquiry is practically oriented. Most of the questions include drawings with indicated selected tolerance as well as drawings of the possible actual parts with exaggerated geometrical deviations. The associated question is whether an actual part is made according to the specification. The main conclusion is that most responders disclose a low level of understanding of the ISO GPS system. Urgent education is needed.
许多潜在的供应商表示,他们已经准备好根据规定的要求生产部件,因为他们熟悉ISO GPS系统的尺寸和几何公差工具。遗憾的是,在许多情况下,事实并非如此。本文讨论了一项评估几何尺寸和公差技能的调查,以及在15个潜在供应商中执行的调查所得的结果。调查的目的是预先选择潜在的供应商,评估供应商需要多少支持,同时评估与特定供应商下订单相关的风险。该调查基于由27个封闭式问题组成的在线测试,用于确定候选供应商人员的优势、劣势和知识。每个问题都有五个不同的答案。答辩人应当回答一个正确答案。调查是以实际为导向的。大多数问题包括标注选定公差的图纸以及可能存在夸大几何偏差的实际零件的图纸。相关的问题是实际零件是否按照规格制造。主要结论是,大多数应答者对ISO GPS系统的了解程度较低。迫切需要教育。
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引用次数: 0
Analysing the Impact of Cutting Force and Vibration on Surface Roughness in External Cylindrical Grinding of SKH2 Stell SKH2钨铬钴合金外圆磨削中切削力和振动对表面粗糙度的影响分析
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.36897/jme/168240
Long Hoang, L. T. Nguyen
The surface roughness of a part during external cylindrical grinding is directly impacted by cutting force and vibration, which are intermediate parameters. To improve the quality of finished parts, studying and controlling these parameters is essential. In this research, the Taguchi method combined with ANOVA analysis was utilized to analyse the effects of feed rate, cutting depth, and rotational speeds on cutting force and vibration amplitude. The test material used was SKH2 steel, which was heat-treated to a hardness of 60 HRC. The research aimed to investigate the relationship between cutting force, vibration, and surface roughness. The study concludes with an analysis of the influence of cutting force and vibration on the surface roughness of parts during external cylindrical grinding. The results show that as cutting force and vibration increase, the surface roughness of the workpiece in external grinding will also increase, and conversely when cutting force and vibration decrease, the surface roughness will decrease
外圆磨削过程中零件的表面粗糙度直接受到切削力和振动这两个中间参数的影响。为了提高成品零件的质量,研究和控制这些参数是必不可少的。本研究采用田口法和方差分析相结合的方法,分析了进给速度、切削深度和转速对切削力和振幅的影响。所使用的测试材料是SKH2钢,其被热处理至60HRC的硬度。本研究旨在研究切削力、振动和表面粗糙度之间的关系。最后分析了外圆磨削过程中切削力和振动对零件表面粗糙度的影响。结果表明,随着切削力和振动的增加,外圆磨削中工件的表面粗糙度也会增加,反之,当切削力和震动减小时,表面粗糙度会减小
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引用次数: 0
Characterization of the Machine Behavior During Hollow Embossing Rolling of Metallic Bipolar Half Plates 金属双极半板中空压花轧制过程中机器行为的表征
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-06-12 DOI: 10.36897/jme/167525
M. Wagner, Mohaned Alaluss, R. Kurth, R. Tehel, F. Reuther, S. Ihlenfeldt
The hollow embossing rolling of thin-walled high precision components like metallic bipolar half plates is characterized by narrow process windows. Here, the knowledge of interaction between forming machine, roll and process is crucial for the process stability and quality of formed bipolar half plates. In this paper, the elastic machine and forming roll behaviour as a major influence parameter is described and analysed on qualitative level and verified by simulation. This investigation involves a review regarding the process sequence, forces for the hollow embossing rolling of metallic bipolar half plates. By varying the load distributions, the elastic deformations of the forming machine and their forming roll are investigated and analysed regarding process influence and potential for process monitoring.
金属双极半板等薄壁高精度零件的空心压花轧制具有工艺窗口窄的特点。在这里,了解成型机、辊和工艺之间的相互作用对双极半板成形的工艺稳定性和质量至关重要。本文对弹性机和成形辊性能作为主要影响参数进行了定性描述和分析,并进行了仿真验证。本文对金属双极半板中空压花轧制的工艺流程、受力进行了综述。通过改变载荷分布,研究和分析了成形机及其成形辊的弹性变形对过程的影响和过程监测的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Modeling the Age-related Decrease in Ballistic Limit Velocity of Polycarbonate Vision Panels Using a Johnson-Cook Material Model Coupled with Variable Failure Criteria 使用Johnson-Cook材料模型和可变失效准则模拟聚碳酸酯视觉面板与年龄相关的弹道极限速度下降
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.36897/jme/166600
Nils Bergström, E. Uhlmann, M. Polte, Vu Ninh Le
Machine tools are equipped with polycarbonate vision panels that allow the operator to observe the machining process and protect him from ejected fragments. Adequate protection is demonstrated by impact tests. However, polycarbonate is subject to aging processes, which diminish the protective performance of such panels. This paper presents an approach for modelling aging effects on the ballistic limit velocity of polycarbonate using Finite Element simulations. A Johnson-Cook material model in conjunction with variable failure criteria was used for the simulations. Aging effects on the ballistic limit velocity were included in the model by adjusting the failure criteria. Material parameters and failure criteria were derived from experimental impact and tensile tests on unaged and aged polycarbonate specimen. The numerical results predict the ballistic limit velocity with a maximum deviation of 0.98%. The model provides a more in-depth understanding of the aging effects on the safety performance of polycarbonate vision panels.
机床配备了聚碳酸酯视觉面板,使操作员能够观察加工过程并保护其免受碎片弹出的影响。通过冲击试验证明了充分的保护。然而,聚碳酸酯会经历老化过程,从而降低此类面板的保护性能。本文提出了一种使用有限元模拟来模拟老化对聚碳酸酯弹道极限速度的影响的方法。Johnson-Cook材料模型结合可变失效标准用于模拟。通过调整失效标准,将老化对弹道极限速度的影响纳入模型中。材料参数和失效标准是根据未老化和老化聚碳酸酯试样的实验冲击和拉伸试验得出的。数值结果预测了弹道极限速度,最大偏差为0.98%。该模型更深入地了解了老化对聚碳酸酯视觉面板安全性能的影响。
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引用次数: 0
A Study of Low-Frequency Vibration-Assisted Bandsawing of Metallic Parts 金属零件低频振动辅助带锯的研究
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-06-05 DOI: 10.36897/jme/166530
Tobias Tandler, Thomas Stehle, Hans-Christian Möhring
1. ALBRECHT D., MÖHRING H.-C., 2018. Potentials for the Optimization of Sawing Processes Using the Example of Bandsawing Machines, Procedia Manufacturing, 21/3, 567–574. Google Scholar
1. Albrecht d ., mÖhring h . c .。, 2018年。以带锯机为例的锯切工艺优化潜力,机械制造,21(3),567-574。谷歌学者
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引用次数: 0
Estimation of External Force-Torque Vector Based on Double Encoders of Industrial Robots Using a Hybrid Gaussian Process Regression and Joint Stiffness Model 基于混合高斯过程回归和关节刚度模型的工业机器人双编码器外力-扭矩矢量估计
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-06-05 DOI: 10.36897/jme/167359
Julian Blumberg, M. Polte, E. Uhlmann
Industrial robots are increasingly used in industry for contact-based manufacturing processes such as milling and forming. In order to meet part tolerances, it is mandatory to compensate tool deflections caused by the external force-torque vector. However, using a third-party measuring device for sensing the external force-torque vector lowers the cost efficiency. Novel industrial robots are increasingly equipped with double encoders, in order to compensate deviations caused by the gearboxes. This paper proposes a method for the usage of such double encoders to estimate the external force-torque vector acting at the tool centre point of an industrial robot. Therefore, the joint elasticities of a six revolute joint industrial robot are identified in terms of piecewise linear functions based on the angular deviations at the double encoders when an external force-torque vector is applied. Further, initial deviations between the encoder values caused by gravitational forces and friction are modelled with a Gaussian process regression. Combining both methods to a hybrid model enables the estimation of external force-torque vectors solely based on measurements of the joint angles of secondary encoders. Based on the proposed method, additional measurement equipment can be saved, which reduces investment costs and improves robot dynamics.
工业机器人越来越多地用于工业中基于接触的制造过程,如铣削和成形。为了满足零件公差,必须补偿由外力-扭矩矢量引起的刀具挠度。然而,使用第三方测量设备来感知外力-扭矩矢量降低了成本效率。新型工业机器人越来越多地配备双编码器,以补偿齿轮箱引起的偏差。本文提出了一种利用这种双编码器估计作用在工业机器人刀具中心点处的外力-扭矩矢量的方法。因此,在施加外力-扭矩矢量时,采用基于双编码器角偏差的分段线性函数来识别六关节工业机器人的关节弹性。此外,由重力和摩擦引起的编码器值之间的初始偏差用高斯过程回归建模。将这两种方法结合到一个混合模型中,可以仅根据二次编码器关节角的测量来估计外力-扭矩矢量。基于该方法,可以节省额外的测量设备,降低了投资成本,提高了机器人的动力学性能。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation on the Relationship Between the Vibratory Peening Process Parameters and Almen Intensity 振动强化工艺参数与铝强度关系的研究
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-05-30 DOI: 10.36897/jme/166550
Paques Maxime, Miao Hong Yan, Changeux Benoit, Turenne Sylvain, Badreddine Jawad, Martin Etienne
1. GANE D.H., RUMYANTSEV Y.S., DIEP H.T., BAKOW L., 2003, Evaluation of Vibrostrengthening for Fatigue Enhancement of Titanium Structural Components on Commercial Aircraft, Ti-2003 Science and Technology, Proceedings of the 10th World Conference on Titanium, Hamburg, Germany, 1053–8. Google Scholar
1. 陈东辉,刘建军,刘建军,刘建军。2003,民用飞机钛合金结构部件的抗振强化性能评价,中国机械工程,第10届世界钛合金学术会议论刊,中国机械工程,第10期,53 - 58。谷歌学者
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Machine Engineering
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