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A New Design Approach for Milkrun-Based In-Plant Supply in Manufacturing Systems 制造系统中基于牛奶流的厂内供应设计新方法
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-08-03 DOI: 10.36897/jme/152245
T. Bányai, Ádám Francuz
In manufacturing technologies milkrun and water-spider-based material handling represents up-to-date solutions, especially in the case of just-in-time and just-in-sequence in-plant supply. The objective of this research work is to show how to support the design of milkrun-based in-plant supply with heuristic optimisation in manufacturing processes. This paper proposes a new optimisation approach that can determine the optimal parameters of material handling operations of manufacturing technologies focusing on milkrun-based in-plant supply of manufacturing and assembly cells and lines. After a careful systematic literature review, this paper introduces a structural model to formulate the problem of routing of milkrun trolleys in manufacturing and assembly processes. Next, a potential mathematical model is described. Numerical results demonstrate how the proposed approach supports the decision making process in milkrun design focusing on the optimisation of the required number of milkrun trolleys and the routing of them.
在制造技术中,基于milkrun和水蜘蛛的材料处理代表了最新的解决方案,尤其是在工厂供应中及时、按顺序的情况下。这项研究工作的目的是展示如何在制造过程中通过启发式优化来支持基于工厂供应的牛奶流设计。本文提出了一种新的优化方法,该方法可以确定制造技术的材料处理操作的最佳参数,重点是基于制造和装配单元和生产线的工厂内供应的牛奶。在仔细系统地回顾了文献后,本文引入了一个结构模型来描述挤奶车在制造和装配过程中的路线问题。接下来,描述了一个潜在的数学模型。数值结果表明,所提出的方法如何支持挤奶车设计中的决策过程,重点是优化所需数量的挤奶车及其路线。
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引用次数: 1
Analysis of Geometric Errors of Throat Sizes of Last Stage Blades in a Mid-Size Steam Turbine 中型汽轮机末级叶片喉部尺寸的几何误差分析
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.36897/jme/151118
P. Eret, M. Hoznedl
Steam turbine technology with enhanced flexibility will continue to participate in electric power supply mixes. Last stage blades secure the reliability of a steam turbine and require high precision manufacturing and assembly. This case study presents a statistical analysis of geometric errors of the throat sizes of the last stage blades in a mid-size steam turbine. A 3D optical scanner is employed to capture detailed geometries of rotor blades and a half of assembled nozzle diaphragm. Unrolled cylinder cross-sections are used to evaluate 2D geometrical features such as blade throats and areas at three different diameters, and the results are compared to intended designs. In addition, linear correlations between the throat size and blade pitch, area and trailing edge thickness are established, and blade throat position shifts are quantified. Such a comprehensive study is presented for the first time, and some useful conclusions can be retrieved from this case study.
具有增强灵活性的汽轮机技术将继续参与电力供应混合。最后一级叶片确保了汽轮机的可靠性,需要高精度的制造和装配。本文对某中型汽轮机末级叶片喉道尺寸几何误差进行了统计分析。利用三维光学扫描仪捕获了旋翼叶片和组装后的半喷嘴隔膜的详细几何形状。展开的圆柱体横截面用于评估二维几何特征,如叶片喉道和三种不同直径的面积,并将结果与预期设计进行比较。此外,建立了喉道尺寸与叶片节距、面积和尾缘厚度之间的线性相关关系,并量化了叶片喉道位置位移。这是第一次提出这样一个全面的研究,从这个案例研究中可以得到一些有用的结论。
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引用次数: 1
Influence of the support structure on the bandsawing process when separating LPBF components from the building platform 从建筑平台上分离LPBF部件时支撑结构对带锯过程的影响
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-23 DOI: 10.36897/jme/151498
H. Möhring, D. Becker, Clemens Maucher, R. Eisseler, Jonas Ringger
The method of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is an additive manufacturing process and allows great freedom of component geometry due to the layer-by-layer structure. The LPBF components are printed on a substrate plate and must be separated from the plate afterwards. Support structures are used to attach LPBF components to the substrate plate and to sustain overhanging parts. The cutting of the components is mainly carried out by means of a sawing process using the support structure. The forces occurring during this process are very challenging because the component has to be cut off without damage or deformation. The present study investigates and discusses the resultant forces and vibrations during the sawing of LPBF components made of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V using two different support structures. The components were arranged on the substrate plate at angles of 0°, 5°, 10°, 15°, 45° and 90° to the direction of primary motion.
激光粉末床融合(LPBF)方法是一种增材制造工艺,由于逐层结构,允许部件几何形状的很大自由度。LPBF部件印刷在基板上,之后必须与基板分离。支撑结构用于将LPBF部件连接到基板并支撑悬垂部件。部件的切割主要通过使用支撑结构的锯切过程来进行。在这个过程中发生的力是非常具有挑战性的,因为部件必须在没有损坏或变形的情况下被切断。本研究调查和讨论了使用两种不同的支撑结构锯切由钛合金Ti6Al4V制成的LPBF部件时的合力和振动。组件以与主运动方向成0°、5°、10°、15°、45°和90°的角度布置在基板上。
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引用次数: 2
A Novel Slicing Strategy for Continuous Printing with a Helix 3D Printer 螺旋3D打印机连续打印的新型切片策略
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-21 DOI: 10.36897/jme/151119
tugdual le néel, J. Hascoët, Mesto Tarek
Additive manufacturing is an essential solution in the production of parts. Model slicing is an important step of the 3D printing process. The slicing of the layers is the core part of the additive manufacturing because it transforms the 3D model to a 2D profile layer for the printer to manufacture. A novel machine architecture deposits with a helical path. The helical architecture provides a continuous rotation that allows printing continuously without any interruption. Therefore there are no more starting and ending point at each layer. This paper proposes a slicing method compatible with this type of machine. Continuous printing is made as a function of z -level, so at each angle of rotation, the level of z will be incremented. Finally, these disks can be combined as one image to be sent to the ink-jet as a continuous printing. To illustrate this novel slicing methodology a model is sliced.
增材制造是零件生产中必不可少的解决方案。模型切片是3D打印过程中的一个重要步骤。层的切片是增材制造的核心部分,因为它将3D模型转换为打印机制造的2D轮廓层。一种新的机器结构以螺旋路径沉积。螺旋结构提供了一个连续的旋转,允许连续打印没有任何中断。因此,在每一层没有更多的起点和终点。本文提出了一种与此类机器兼容的切片方法。连续打印是作为z水平的函数,所以在每一个旋转角度,z水平将增加。最后,这些磁盘可以组合成一个图像,作为连续打印发送到喷墨打印机。为了说明这种新颖的切片方法,一个模型被切片。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Manufacturing Processes on Blade Throat Size and Position in a Steam Turbine Diaphragm 制造工艺对汽轮机隔板叶片喉部尺寸和位置的影响
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-12 DOI: 10.36897/jme/150830
P. Eret, M. Hoznedl
Despite a sustainable energy future, steam turbines are requisite for the reliability and security of the electric power supply in many countries. Accurate and precise manufacturing of the steam path is crucial to turbine efficiency. Before entering the rotor blades, the steam must be correctly guided using stationary blading in a diaphragm. Steam turbine diaphragms are complicated components to manufacture, and welding is the most common fabrication method. A case study presented in this paper employs data from a 3D optical scanner for a geometric deviation analysis of the upper half of the diaphragm at two production steps, after complete welding and after final machining. Unrolled cylinder cross-sections at different diameters are used to evaluate the blade throat sizes and positions compared to the nominal geometry. The results indicate significant geometric changes between the two fabrication steps, and several suggestions are put forward for targeted future work.
尽管未来的能源是可持续的,但在许多国家,蒸汽轮机对于电力供应的可靠性和安全性是必不可少的。蒸汽路径的精确制造对汽轮机的效率至关重要。在进入转子叶片之前,必须使用膜片中的固定叶片正确引导蒸汽。汽轮机膜片是制造复杂的部件,焊接是最常用的制造方法。在本文中提出的一个案例研究中,使用来自3D光学扫描仪的数据,在完成焊接和最终加工后的两个生产步骤中,对膜片上半部分进行几何偏差分析。不同直径的展开圆柱截面用于评估与标称几何形状相比的叶片喉道尺寸和位置。结果表明,两个加工步骤之间存在明显的几何变化,并对今后有针对性的工作提出了几点建议。
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引用次数: 1
Characterization of tool clamping conditions in forging hammers 锻锤夹紧条件的表征
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-04 DOI: 10.36897/jme/150220
Nicole J. Wagner, R. Tehel, R. Kurth
The present work addresses the topic of die clamping at the forging hammer in the context of the definition of a current requirement profile as well as the evaluation of individual influencing variables on the clamping process. In addition to the presentation of survey results for the requirements profile, the first part focus on the sensible minimization of influencing variables to be investigated and on the verification of a possible evaluation method. Based on this, in the second part exemplary influencing variables on the clamping condition are investigated by means of FEM. Thereby it can be shown by way of example, that the heat flow of the forging process and the friction conditions between the clamping elements have a noteworthy influence on the clamping condition of the dies and that deviations in the clamping force can lead to significant damage.
目前的工作解决了在当前需求概要定义的背景下锻锤模夹紧的主题,以及对夹紧过程的个别影响变量的评估。除了展示需求概要的调查结果外,第一部分还着重于要调查的影响变量的合理最小化,以及对可能的评估方法的验证。在此基础上,第二部分采用有限元方法研究了影响夹紧条件的典型变量。因此,通过举例可以表明,锻造过程的热流和夹紧元件之间的摩擦条件对模具的夹紧条件有显著的影响,夹紧力的偏差会导致重大的损坏。
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引用次数: 0
Improved Machining Performance Through Turn-Milling 通过车铣提高加工性能
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-05-30 DOI: 10.36897/jme/150495
K. Berenji, E. Budak
As a multi-axis metal cutting operation, turn-milling has the combined characteristics of conventional turning and milling operations involving rotating workpiece and milling tool with linear feed motion in the workpiece axis direction. Although turn-milling offers many advantages in machining complex and hard-to-cut materials due to its flexible kinematics, the process presents specific challenges. The main objective of this paper is to present an overview of turn-milling operations from different perspectives. In this regard, first, the advantages of turn-milling in terms of tool life are presented. An analytical approach is given based on process kinematics to achieve better surface quality and productivity simultaneously. Additionally, the uncut chip geometry and the cutting force models are presented with experimental verification.
作为一种多轴金属切削操作,车铣具有传统车铣操作的组合特征,包括旋转工件和铣刀,在工件轴方向上进行线性进给运动。尽管车铣由于其灵活的运动学特性,在加工复杂和难以切割的材料方面具有许多优势,但该工艺也面临着特殊的挑战。本文的主要目的是从不同的角度概述车铣操作。在这方面,首先介绍了车铣在刀具寿命方面的优势。给出了一种基于过程运动学的分析方法,以同时获得更好的表面质量和生产率。此外,给出了未切割切屑的几何形状和切削力模型,并进行了实验验证。
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引用次数: 1
Influence of Different Machining Processes on Fatigue life Performance of Engineered Surfaces: a Short Review 不同加工工艺对工程表面疲劳寿命性能的影响综述
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-05-24 DOI: 10.36897/jme/150322
W. Grzesik
In this paper fundamental information on the influence of the real machined surfaces generated by different machining processes on the fatigue life of machine parts are presented. In the first part the various approaches for the assessment of the stress concentration factor and the correction of a fatigue life limit are discussed. In the second part the results of standard fatigue tests are compared with computed data and predictions using FEM based simulations. The effect of surface discontinues (valleys) in the real surface profiles is related to engineered parts made of different materials including steels, aluminium alloys, aerospace alloys and composites.
本文介绍了不同加工工艺产生的实际加工表面对机械零件疲劳寿命影响的基本信息。第一部分讨论了应力集中系数评定和疲劳寿命极限修正的各种方法。第二部分采用有限元模拟方法,将标准疲劳试验结果与计算数据和预测结果进行了比较。实际表面轮廓中表面间断(谷)的影响与由不同材料制成的工程部件有关,包括钢、铝合金、航空航天合金和复合材料。
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引用次数: 1
Integration of OPC UA Information Models into Enterprise Knowledge Graphs OPC UA信息模型与企业知识图的集成
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-05-17 DOI: 10.36897/jme/150008
Arno Weiss, S. Ihlenfeldt
Building repositories of data relevant for enterprise operations requires harmonization of formats and semantics. OPC UA’s nodes-and-references data model shares basic elements with well-established semantic modeling technologies like RDF. This paper suggests the use of transformed OPC UA information models on the higher level of Enterprise Knowledge Graphs. It proposes good practice to integrate the separate domains by representing OPC UA servers as RDF-graphs and subsequently attaching them to Digital Twins embedded in Enterprise Knowledge Graph structures. The developed practice is implemented, applied to combine a server’s structure with an existing knowledge graph containing an Asset Administration Shell and released open source.
构建与企业操作相关的数据存储库需要协调格式和语义。OPC UA的节点和引用数据模型与RDF等成熟的语义建模技术共享基本元素。本文建议在企业知识图的更高层次上使用转换后的OPC UA信息模型。通过将OPC UA服务器表示为rdf图,并随后将它们附加到嵌入在企业知识图结构中的数字孪生中,提出了集成独立领域的良好实践。开发的实践已经实现,并应用于将服务器结构与包含Asset Administration Shell的现有知识图谱结合起来,并发布了开源版本。
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引用次数: 0
Primary Testing of an Instrumented Tool Holder for Brush Deburring of Milled Workpieces 用于铣削工件电刷去毛刺的仪表刀架的初步试验
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-05-16 DOI: 10.36897/jme/149782
C. Ramsauer, Ralf Oswald, Paul Schörghofer, Norbert Leder, T. Schmitz, F. Bleicher
Brush deburring requires consistent contact pressure between brush and workpiece. Automating adjustments to control contact pressure has proven difficult, as the sensors available in machine tools are usually not suitable to observe the small amplitude signals caused by this low force process. Additionally, both the power consumption and the vibration signal caused by the process strongly depend on the workpiece surface features. This paper describes a test setup using an instrumented tool holder and presents the corresponding measurement results, aiming to quantify the axial feed of the brush. It also discusses the interpretation of different signal components and provides an outlook on the utilization of the data for tool wear estimation.
电刷去毛刺要求电刷与工件之间的接触压力一致。自动调节控制接触压力已被证明是困难的,因为机床中可用的传感器通常不适合观察由这种低力过程引起的小幅度信号。此外,加工过程产生的功率消耗和振动信号强烈依赖于工件表面特征。本文介绍了一种使用仪器刀架的测试装置,并给出了相应的测量结果,旨在量化电刷的轴向进给量。它还讨论了不同信号分量的解释,并对刀具磨损估计数据的利用进行了展望。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Journal of Machine Engineering
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