Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms最新文献_第3页

Impacts of traumatic brain injury severity and sex on sleep architecture, duration, and fragmentation 创伤性脑损伤严重程度和性别对睡眠结构、持续时间和碎片化的影响

Q2 Medicine

Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2025.100127

Grant S. Mannino , Tabitha R.F. Green , Sean M. Murphy , Michael R. Sierks , Mark R. Opp , Rachel K. Rowe

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is frequently associated with acute and chronic disturbances in sleep architecture. However, the extent to which injury severity and biological sex influence post-traumatic sleep patterns remains underexplored in preclinical models. Here, we used a validated, noninvasive piezoelectric monitoring system to assess sleep in male and female mice following sham (n = 30), mild (n = 32), or moderate (n = 32) midline fluid percussion injury (mFPI). Physiological parameters were recorded non-invasively to determine sleep for 48 h post-injury. Hierarchical mixed-effects models were used to evaluate effects of injury severity and sex on sleep duration, architecture, and fragmentation. We found that sleep increased during the acute post-injury period regardless of TBI severity, but that sleep fragmentation was selectively elevated after moderate injury. Notably, female mice exhibited greater overall sleep disturbances compared to males, highlighting a sex-dependent vulnerability. These effects varied across the light-dark cycle. This study provides the first detailed characterization of sex- and severity-specific changes in sleep architecture and fragmentation following diffuse TBI using a high-throughput, noninvasive method. Importantly, it reveals that injury severity predicts the extent of sleep fragmentation highlighting a direct link between injury severity and disrupted sleep architecture. These findings contribute to the growing recognition of sleep fragmentation as a relevant biomarker in TBI and establish a framework for future mechanistic and interventional studies.

创伤性脑损伤（TBI）通常与急性和慢性睡眠结构紊乱有关。然而，在临床前模型中，损伤严重程度和生理性别对创伤后睡眠模式的影响程度仍未得到充分探讨。在这里，我们使用一种经过验证的无创压电监测系统来评估假性（n = 30）、轻度（n = 32）或中度（n = 32）中线液体撞击损伤（mFPI）后的雄性和雌性小鼠的睡眠。无创记录生理参数以确定损伤后48小时的睡眠情况。分层混合效应模型用于评估损伤严重程度和性别对睡眠持续时间、结构和碎片化的影响。我们发现，无论脑损伤的严重程度如何，急性损伤后的睡眠时间都有所增加，但中度损伤后，睡眠碎片性有选择性地升高。值得注意的是，与雄性相比，雌性小鼠表现出更大的整体睡眠障碍，突出了性别依赖的脆弱性。这些影响在光暗周期中有所不同。这项研究首次使用高通量、无创方法详细描述了弥漫性脑损伤后睡眠结构和碎片化的性别和严重程度特异性变化。重要的是，它揭示了损伤严重程度可以预测睡眠碎片的程度，强调了损伤严重程度和睡眠结构中断之间的直接联系。这些发现有助于人们越来越多地认识到睡眠碎片是创伤性脑损伤的相关生物标志物，并为未来的机制和干预性研究建立了框架。

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引用次数: 0

Foreword: Festschrift in honor of JM Krueger's research 前言：纪念克鲁格（JM Krueger）的研究

Q2 Medicine

Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2025.100128

Mark R. Opp , Rachel K. Rowe , Hans P.A. Van Dongen

引用次数: 0

Modulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis by interleukin 1 signaling 白细胞介素1信号对成年海马神经发生的调节

Q2 Medicine

Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2025.100123

Maria I. Smirnova , Ning Quan

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) plays a critical role in cognition and emotional regulation. Recent studies have linked compromised AHN to numerous neurological and psychological disorders. The actions of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) have been found to suppress AHN and antagonism of IL-1 signaling has been advocated as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and affective disorders. On the other hand, work from Jim Krueger's group revealed the physiological function of IL-1 in brain homeostasis, indicating the potential downside of IL-1 blockade. Current literature also shows AHN participates in normal functions of the brain in parallel to IL-1. This mini-review analyzes how IL-1 might positively or negatively modulate AHN and the implications of the relationship between IL-1 and AHN on health and disease. Specifically, we will highlight the parallels between IL-1 signaling and AHN in physiological and disease states. We propose that IL-1 signaling modulates AHN in a context-dependent manner; whereas its elevated signaling impairs neurogenesis and contributes to neurological and psychiatric disorders, its physiological role suggests potential therapeutic benefits of IL-1 antagonism must consider the preservation of the beneficial actions of IL-1.

成人海马神经发生（AHN）在认知和情绪调节中起着重要作用。最近的研究表明，受损的AHN与许多神经和心理疾病有关。炎性细胞因子白细胞介素-1 （IL-1）的作用已被发现可抑制AHN，并且IL-1信号的拮抗已被提倡作为治疗神经退行性疾病和情感性障碍的治疗策略。另一方面，Jim Krueger小组的工作揭示了IL-1在大脑稳态中的生理功能，表明IL-1阻断的潜在负面作用。目前的文献也显示AHN与IL-1并行参与大脑的正常功能。这篇综述分析了IL-1如何积极或消极地调节AHN，以及IL-1和AHN之间的关系对健康和疾病的影响。具体来说，我们将强调IL-1信号和AHN在生理和疾病状态之间的相似之处。我们认为IL-1信号以上下文依赖的方式调节AHN；尽管其升高的信号会损害神经发生并导致神经和精神疾病，但其生理作用表明，IL-1拮抗剂的潜在治疗益处必须考虑IL-1有益作用的保存。

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引用次数: 0

Local versus global sleep organization and the quest to determine sleep function 局部与全局睡眠组织以及确定睡眠功能的探索

Q2 Medicine

Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2025.100117

Hans P.A. Van Dongen

The research of JM Krueger and colleagues, focusing on sleep organization as a means to elucidate sleep function, led to critical insights as to why we sleep. Krueger posited that, fundamentally, sleep occurs locally at the level of neuronal/glial assemblies (small networks of neurons and glia) and that the expression of sleep in these assemblies is dependent on their prior use. Neuronal/glial assemblies serve as units of information processing, which consumes energy and increases entropy so that the energy available for further information processing is use-dependently depleted. According to the laws of physics, when energy drops to a lower bound relative to entropy, information processing ceases – which results in local quiescence and locally reduced consciousness and manifests as use-dependent local sleep. The physics-based nature of local sleep implies that it is inevitable, has neither function nor purpose, and is by itself not subject to biology-based evolutionary shaping. But uncontrolled local sleep compromises vigilance and is a threat to safety, which needs to be addressed to ensure survival. This can be accomplished by preemptively regulating sleep at a more global level and in a way that is adapted to the organism's temporal, environmental and ecological niche. Such global sleep allows for energy resupply (through biological processes not unique to sleep) across many neuronal/glial assemblies simultaneously while the organism is relatively safe. Thus, global sleep regulation could be the biology-based adaptation to the physics-based problem of use-dependent local sleep intrusions into wakefulness. Global sleep precludes niche exploitation and thus comes at an opportunity cost – but, unlike local sleep, the regulation of global sleep is subject to evolutionary shaping and amenable to species-specific optimization. Furthermore, a variety of ancillary functions may be served during global sleep to retroactively address biological needs that arose from prior wakefulness. However, serving these functions may be merely opportunistic, as the temporal dynamics of global sleep regulation appear to be proactive rather than retroactive, prioritizing alignment of global sleep and wake timing with the organism's ecological niche. Regardless, the costs of use-dependent local sleep and the management thereof through global sleep regulation are likely to be outweighed by the evolutionary benefit of the presumed source of the local sleep problem – that is, information processing capability, or cognition. In essence, therefore, sleep may just be the unavoidable, but worthwhile, price we pay for cognition.

克鲁格（JM Krueger）及其同事的研究重点是将睡眠组织作为阐明睡眠功能的一种手段，从而对我们为什么要睡觉产生了重要的见解。克鲁格假设，从根本上说，睡眠发生在局部的神经元/神经胶质集合（神经元和神经胶质的小网络）的水平上，睡眠在这些集合中的表达取决于它们之前的使用。神经元/神经胶质组件作为信息处理的单元，它消耗能量并增加熵，因此可用于进一步信息处理的能量被使用依赖耗尽。根据物理定律，当能量相对于熵下降到一个下界时，信息处理就会停止——这导致局部静止和局部意识减少，并表现为依赖于使用的局部睡眠。局部睡眠基于物理的本质意味着它是不可避免的，既没有功能也没有目的，而且本身不受基于生物学的进化塑造的影响。但不受控制的局部睡眠会降低警惕性，对安全构成威胁，需要解决这个问题以确保生存。这可以通过在全球范围内先发制人地调节睡眠来实现，并以一种适应生物体时间、环境和生态位的方式来实现。这种全局性睡眠允许能量在生物体相对安全的情况下同时通过许多神经元/神经胶质集合进行补充（通过非睡眠特有的生物过程）。因此，整体睡眠调节可能是基于生物学的适应，以适应基于物理的使用依赖的局部睡眠侵入到清醒状态的问题。全局睡眠排除了生态位开发，因此有机会成本——但是，与局部睡眠不同，全局睡眠的调节受进化塑造的影响，并可适应物种特定的优化。此外，在整体睡眠期间，各种辅助功能可能被服务，以追溯地解决由先前清醒引起的生物需求。然而，服务这些功能可能仅仅是机会主义的，因为全球睡眠调节的时间动态似乎是主动的，而不是追溯的，优先考虑与生物体的生态位一致的全球睡眠和觉醒时间。无论如何，依赖于使用的局部睡眠的成本，以及通过整体睡眠调节对其进行管理的成本，很可能被局部睡眠问题的假定来源——即信息处理能力或认知——的进化益处所抵消。因此，从本质上讲，睡眠可能只是我们为认知付出的不可避免但值得的代价。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of chronic sleep restriction on ethanol preference and cortical structural plasticity 慢性睡眠限制对乙醇偏好和皮质结构可塑性的影响

Q2 Medicine

Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2025.100126

Fernando Bravo-González , Mario Eduardo Acosta-Hernández , Hiram Tendilla-Beltrán , Gonzalo Flores , Fabio García-García

Sleep loss is associated with a potential risk of using drugs such as cocaine, methamphetamines, and alcohol. Recently, our group showed that chronic sleep restriction (CSR) for 7 days/4 h induces a significant increase in ethanol intake and delta FosB immunoreactivity in the rat's prefrontal cortex. However, whether CSR promotes changes in structural plasticity that explain ethanol consumption is unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine if CSR induces changes in the dendritic length, branching of the dendritic tree, and spine morphology of the pyramidal neurons from the prelimbic cortex and whether these structural changes are associated with ethanol consumption. For this purpose, adult male Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups: control, CSR for 7 days/4 h daily, CSR + ethanol exposure, and ethanol exposure. The two-bottle free-choice paradigm was used to measure ethanol intake, and the gentle handling method was used for CSR. At the end of the experiment, the rats were euthanized, and their brains were dissected and processed by Golgi-Cox staining. Sholl analysis was used to characterize structural plasticity. Results show that CSR induced an increase in the ethanol index preference. In addition, ethanol intake and ethanol + CSR increased the total dendritic length, dendritic tree branching, and mushroom spines in prelimbic cortex neurons. In conclusion, changes in structural plasticity associated with CSR and continuous access to ethanol may translate into neuroadaptive changes that favor drug preference and subsequently reinforce addictive behavior.

睡眠不足与使用可卡因、甲基苯丙胺和酒精等药物的潜在风险有关。最近，我们的研究小组发现，7天/4小时的慢性睡眠限制（CSR）可显著增加大鼠前额叶皮层的乙醇摄入量和δ FosB免疫反应性。然而，CSR是否促进了结构可塑性的变化，从而解释了乙醇的消耗尚不清楚。因此，本研究旨在确定CSR是否会引起来自前边缘皮层的锥体神经元的树突长度、树突树分支和脊柱形态的变化，以及这些结构变化是否与乙醇消耗有关。为此，将成年雄性Wistar大鼠分为4个实验组：对照组、CSR 7天/每天4 h、CSR +乙醇暴露组和乙醇暴露组。采用两瓶自由选择范式测量乙醇摄入量，采用温和处理法测量CSR。实验结束时，对大鼠实施安乐死，并解剖其大脑并进行高尔基-考克斯染色处理。采用壳体分析表征结构塑性。结果表明，CSR诱导了乙醇指数偏好的增加。此外，乙醇摄入和乙醇+ CSR均增加了前边缘皮层神经元的树突总长度、树突分枝和蘑菇棘。综上所述，与CSR和持续获取乙醇相关的结构可塑性变化可能转化为有利于药物偏好的神经适应性变化，从而加强成瘾行为。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of domestic white LED light on cognitive functions and amelioration of blue light blocking lens (BBL) on healthy adults 家用白光LED对健康成人认知功能的影响及蓝阻晶状体的改善

Q2 Medicine

Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms

Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2025.100119

Mousumi Ghosh , Hari Prakash Palaniswamy , Nishitha. G , Stelyna Joylin , Shwetha. T.S , M. Sanjana , R.P. Radhika , Nagarajan Theruveethi

White light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) can affect cognition and working memory. Blue light-blocking lenses (BBL) may help alleviate this. We aim to study the relationship between WLED and the ameliorative effect of BBL. We included 15 healthy participants based on the PSQI and Mini-Cog™ screening. The eligible participants underwent a baseline recording of event-related potential (ERP) of P300 using electroencephalography (EEG) while performing a 2-back task, followed by exposure to WLED (600 lux) that was given (45° with 80 cm apart from the participant's eye plane) for 30 min. A similar protocol was maintained when BBL was worn with WLED exposure. The participants' mean PSQI and Mini-Cog™ scores (n = 15) were 3 and 5, respectively. The behavioral functioning of participants using a 2-back task revealed enhancement in working memory cognition by fastening the response time (ms) from base to post-WLED to post-WLED + BBL (p < 0.001). Still, no significant difference (p > 0.05) in accuracy (%) was observed. The learning effect in the control group using a 2-back task revealed no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) in both accuracy (%) and response time (ms). Additionally, no significant change (p > 0.05) was found within the three light groups in latency (ms) and amplitude (μV) at the P300 region of ERP in the prefrontal cortex. The existing results found that domestic WLED exposure significantly leads to a faster response time in working memory performance in the prefrontal cortex, thus remaining alert. BBL is not protective in the nonvisual senses when exposed to WLED for 30 min.

白光发光二极管（wled）可以影响认知和工作记忆。防蓝光镜片（BBL）可能有助于缓解这种情况。我们的目的是研究WLED与BBL改善效果之间的关系。我们根据PSQI和Mini-Cog™筛查纳入了15名健康参与者。符合条件的参与者在执行双背任务时，使用脑电图（EEG）记录P300的事件相关电位（ERP）基线，随后暴露于WLED（600勒克）下（45°，距参与者眼平面80厘米）30分钟。当BBL与WLED暴露时，保持类似的方案。参与者的PSQI和Mini-Cog™平均分（n = 15）分别为3分和5分。使用双背任务的参与者的行为功能显示，通过将反应时间（ms）从基础到wled后再到wled后+ BBL (p <；0.001)。然而，没有显著差异(p >；准确度（%）为0.05)。使用双背任务的对照组的学习效果无统计学差异(p >；准确度（%）和反应时间（ms）均为0.05。此外，无显著变化(p >；3个光照组的潜伏期（ms）和幅值（μV）均显著高于对照组（0.05）。现有的研究结果发现，家用led暴露显著导致前额叶皮层工作记忆表现的反应时间加快，从而保持警觉。当暴露在led下30分钟时，BBL对非视觉感官没有保护作用。

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引用次数: 0

Multiple oscillators underlie circadian food anticipation in mice 多重振荡是小鼠生理食物预期的基础

Q2 Medicine

Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2025.100116

David E. Ehichioya , Ishrat Masud , S.K. Tahajjul Taufique , Melody Shen , Sofia Farah , Shin Yamazaki

Circadian pacemakers orchestrate behavioral and physiological rhythms, enabling organisms to anticipate daily reoccurring environmental events such as light and dark, temperature changes, and food availability. When nocturnal rodents are subjected to time-restricted feeding during the day, they typically display food anticipatory activity several hours before mealtime. Upon releasing mice to ad libitum feeding, this anticipatory activity is abolished immediately but, following food deprivation, reappears at approximately the same time. However, the mechanism by which rodents retain this time memory of food availability during ad libitum feeding has remained elusive. We utilized the open-source Feeding Experimentation Device 3 (FED3) to measure food-seeking nose-poking behavior. We programmed the FED3 to dispense a pellet by a single left nose-poke, but not by right poke. During daytime restricted feeding, mice exhibited strong anticipatory nose-poking a few hours prior to the daytime meal in both rewarded left and unrewarded right pokes. In addition, mice also exhibited elevation of both rewarded and unrewarded pokes at night, coinciding with mice's previous habitual feeding time. Following ad libitum feeding, rewarded daytime nose-poking gradually moved back to habitual nighttime. However, following food deprivation, anticipatory poking immediately reappeared during the day and night, coinciding with the times of previous daytime restricted feeding and nighttime habitual feeding. Under ad libitum feeding, db/db mice didn't exhibit a clear daily rhythm in food intake. However, these mice exhibited robust food anticipation in both nose-pokes and activity during daytime restricted feeding. Following release back to ad libitum feeding, db/db mice poked sporadically during the day and night, and following food deprivation, anticipation promptly reappeared. These data suggest that there are at least two oscillators underlying food anticipation: one oscillator with a phase that changes according to food availability, and another oscillator with a phase unaffected by feeding conditions. In db/db mice, the first oscillator is likely impaired, and the second oscillator is unaffected.

昼夜节律起搏器协调行为和生理节律，使生物体能够预测每天重复发生的环境事件，如明暗、温度变化和食物供应。当夜间活动的啮齿动物在白天受到时间限制的喂养时，它们通常在吃饭前几个小时表现出食物预期活动。在释放小鼠自由进食时，这种预期活动立即被取消，但在食物剥夺后，大约在同一时间重新出现。然而，啮齿动物在自由取食期间保持食物可得性的时间记忆的机制仍然难以捉摸。我们使用开源的喂养实验装置3 （FED3）来测量寻找食物的戳鼻子行为。我们对FED3进行了编程，让它通过左戳而不是右戳来分配颗粒。在白天限制进食时，小鼠在白天进食前几小时，在有奖励的左戳和没有奖励的右戳中，都表现出强烈的预期性鼻子戳。此外，小鼠在夜间也表现出有奖励和无奖励的刺激，这与小鼠以前的习惯性进食时间一致。在随意进食之后，受到奖励的白天戳鼻子逐渐回到习惯的夜间。然而，在食物剥夺之后，预期的戳戳立即在白天和晚上再次出现，与之前白天限制喂食和夜间习惯性喂食的时间一致。在随意喂养的情况下，db/db小鼠在食物摄入方面没有明显的每日节律。然而，这些小鼠在戳鼻子和白天限制进食的活动中都表现出强烈的食物预期。在恢复自由进食后，db/db小鼠在白天和晚上偶尔戳戳，在食物剥夺后，预期迅速重新出现。这些数据表明，在食物预期的基础上至少有两个振子：一个振子的相位根据食物的可用性而变化，另一个振子的相位不受喂养条件的影响。在db/db小鼠中，第一个振荡器可能受损，第二个振荡器未受影响。

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引用次数: 0

Association of restless legs syndrome and obesity: A sub-population of the MASHAD cohort study 不安腿综合征与肥胖的关系：MASHAD 群体研究的一个子群体

Q2 Medicine

Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms

Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2025.100113

Azam Vafaei , Fatemeh Khorashadizadeh , Maryam Saberi-Karimian , Sara Saffar Soflaei , Mahnaz Amini , Abolfazl Rashid , Sara Yousefian , Gordon A. Ferns , Habibollah Esmaily , Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan , Reza Salaran , Fatemeh Taherian

Introduction

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), as a relatively unknown sleep disorder, often associated with obesity. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between RLS and different definitions of obesity within the Mashhad stroke and heart atherosclerotic disorder (MASHAD) cohort study population.

Methods

A total of 1006 subjects, with an average age of 57 (51.75–63.00) years old, were randomly selected from the MASHAD cohort study phase II. This sample included 449 males and 557 females, who were contacted by phone to inquire about RLS. Anthropometric measurements such as weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) were taken. Central obesity was defined as a WC > 90 cm for men and >85 cm for women, as well as a waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) greater than 0.90 for men and 0.85 for women. Statistical analyses were conducted using R version 4.3.2 for Windows, with a significance level set at a two-sided P-value<0.05. Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare the categorical variables between two study groups. Logistic models applied to evaluate the association between RLS and BMI while adjusting for age effects.

Results

The study found a significant relationship between RLS and employment status (p-value = 0.04), marital status (p-value = 0.05), and BMI (p-value<0.001). The results showed that in the total population, the OR of RLS in subjects having BMI>30 kg/m² increased to 1.50(1.10–2.03) after adjusting for confounding factors (p-value<0.01). A BMI>30 kg/m² increased odds of RLS by 1.72 times in males (95%CI: 1.03–2.84, p-value<0.05), however this association was diminished after adjustment (OR = 1.20, 95%CI: 0.64–2.17). There was no significant association between BMI and RLS in females. Moreover, there was no significant association between RLS and obesity based on WC and WHR in fully adjusted model respectively.

Conclusion

There was a significant association between BMI and RLS. A BMI>30 kg/m² increased the odds of RLS by 1.50 times in the study population.

不宁腿综合征（RLS）是一种相对不为人知的睡眠障碍，通常与肥胖有关。本研究的目的是在马什哈德卒中和心脏动脉粥样硬化性疾病（MASHAD）队列研究人群中研究RLS与不同肥胖定义之间的关系。方法从MASHAD队列研究二期随机抽取1006例受试者，平均年龄57岁（51.75 ~ 63.00）。该样本包括449名男性和557名女性，通过电话联系他们询问睡眠倒睡症。测量了体重、身高、腰围和臀围等人体测量数据。中心性肥胖被定义为WC >；男性90厘米，女性85厘米，腰臀比（WHR）男性大于0.90，女性大于0.85。采用Windows版本R 4.3.2进行统计分析，显著性水平设为双侧p值0.05。使用卡方检验和Fisher精确检验来比较两个研究组之间的分类变量。在调整年龄影响的同时，应用Logistic模型评估RLS与BMI之间的关系。结果RLS与就业状况（p值= 0.04）、婚姻状况（p值= 0.05）、身体质量指数（p值<；0.001）存在显著相关。结果显示，在总人口中，体重指数为30 kg/m2的受试者的RLS的OR在校正混杂因素后增加到1.50(1.10 ~ 2.03)（p值为0.01）。体重≤30 kg/m2使男性发生RLS的几率增加1.72倍（95%CI: 1.03-2.84， p值0.05），但调整后这种相关性减弱（OR = 1.20, 95%CI: 0.64-2.17）。在女性中BMI和RLS之间没有明显的关联。此外，在完全调整模型中，基于WC和WHR的RLS与肥胖之间没有显著相关性。结论BMI与RLS有显著相关性。在研究人群中，体重≥30 kg/m2会使RLS的发生率增加1.50倍。

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引用次数: 0

Mutual coupling of neurons in the circadian master clock: What we can learn from fruit flies 昼夜主时钟中神经元的相互耦合：我们能从果蝇身上学到什么

Q2 Medicine

Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms

Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2025.100112

Charlotte Helfrich-Förster, Nils Reinhard

Circadian master clocks in the brain consist of multiple neurons that are organized into populations with different morphology, physiology, and neuromessenger content and presumably different functions. In most animals, these master clocks are distributed bilaterally, located in close proximity to the visual system, and synchronized by the eyes with the light-dark cycles of the environment. In mammals and cockroaches, each of the two master clocks consists of a core region that receives information from the eyes and a shell region from which most of the output projections originate, whereas in flies and several other insects, the master clocks are distributed in lateral and dorsal brain regions. In all cases, morning and evening clock neurons seem to exist, and the communication between them and other populations of clock neurons, as well as the connection across the two brain hemispheres, is a prerequisite for normal rhythmic function. Phenomena such as rhythm splitting, and internal desynchronization are caused by the "decoupling" of the master clocks in the two brain hemispheres or by the decoupling of certain clock neurons within the master clock of one brain hemisphere. Since the master clocks in flies contain relatively few neurons that are well characterized at the individual level, the fly is particularly well suited to study the communication between individual clock neurons. Here, we review the organization of the bilateral master clocks in the fly brain, with a focus on synaptic and paracrine connections between the multiple clock neurons, in comparison with other insects and mammals.

大脑中的昼夜主时钟由多个神经元组成，这些神经元被组织成具有不同形态、生理和神经信使内容的群体，可能具有不同的功能。在大多数动物中，这些主时钟分布在两侧，靠近视觉系统，并由眼睛与环境的明暗周期同步。在哺乳动物和蟑螂中，两个主时钟中的每一个都由一个接收来自眼睛的信息的核心区域和一个产生大多数输出投影的壳区组成，而在苍蝇和其他几种昆虫中，主时钟分布在大脑的外侧和背侧区域。在所有情况下，早晚时钟神经元似乎都是存在的，它们与其他时钟神经元群体之间的交流，以及两个大脑半球之间的联系，是正常节律功能的先决条件。节律分裂和内部不同步等现象是由两个大脑半球的主时钟“解耦”或一个大脑半球的主时钟内某些时钟神经元的解耦引起的。由于苍蝇的主时钟包含相对较少的神经元，这些神经元在个体水平上被很好地表征，因此苍蝇特别适合研究单个时钟神经元之间的通信。在这里，我们回顾了双侧主时钟在苍蝇大脑中的组织，重点关注多个时钟神经元之间的突触和旁分泌连接，并与其他昆虫和哺乳动物进行了比较。

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引用次数: 0

Q2 Medicine

Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms

Pub Date : 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2024.100111

Aurore Jouvencel , Bixente Dilharreguy , Marion Baillet , Karine Pérès , Jean-François Dartigues , Hélène Amieva , Willy Mayo , Gwenaëlle Catheline

To better understand the relationship between the rest-activity rhythms and cognitive impairments during aging, we assessed the longitudinal changes in the rest-activity rhythms in an elderly population and their possible detrimental effect on the hippocampal network.

This was done longitudinally in a rural cohort with two actigraphic assessments and brain imaging examinations, seven years apart. A segmentation of the hippocampus and its related structures was used to assess volumes and functional connectivity in this network based on anatomical and resting state functional data. Regression models were carried out to investigate the potential association of the evolution of sleep and rest-activity rhythms parameters with the structural and functional integrity of the hippocampal network.

Our sample was composed of 33 subjects aged 75.2 ± 2.4 years old at the first time point with 40% of women. After seven years, the sleep of our participants did not change but their rest-activity rhythms did (p < 0.05), with a decrease in relative amplitude (∂RA = −0.021) and stability (∂IS = −0.044) as well as an increase in fragmentation (∂IV = +0.072). The deterioration of rest-activity rhythms was correlated with a lower anterior hippocampal volume (p corrected <0.05) while no correlation with functional connectivity was observed.

These findings suggest that a degradation of rest-activity rhythms in people over 70 years old could constitute a factor of hippocampal vulnerability. Preventive interventions should consider rest-activity rhythms in the oldest-old population.

为了更好地了解衰老过程中休息-活动节律与认知障碍之间的关系，我们评估了老年人休息-活动节律的纵向变化及其对海马体网络可能产生的不利影响。这项研究是在一个农村队列中纵向进行的，间隔7年，进行两次活动成像评估和脑成像检查。基于解剖和静息状态功能数据，使用海马及其相关结构的分割来评估该网络的体积和功能连通性。采用回归模型来研究睡眠和休息-活动节律参数的演变与海马网络结构和功能完整性的潜在关联。我们的样本由33名受试者组成，在第一个时间点年龄为75.2±2.4岁，其中40%为女性。七年后，我们的参与者的睡眠没有改变，但他们的休息-活动节奏改变了

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