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Pre and post diagnostic dementia care in four Scottish prisons. 苏格兰四所监狱的痴呆症诊断前和诊断后护理。
IF 3 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-024-00294-5
Rhoda MacRae, Natalie Chalmers, Debbie Tolson, James Taylor, Kirstin Anderson, Lindsay Thomson, Tom Russ

Background and purpose: The number of older people in prisons is increasing across the globe. Many have poor physical and mental health, higher prevalence of head injury, cognitive impairment and dementia than found in community populations. Meeting the complex needs of this vulnerable group has become an increasing concern for prison and prison healthcare services. The aim of this multi method qualitative study was to investigate how men with diagnosed or suspected dementia were identified, assessed, and cared for in Scottish prisons. It also explored the lived experience of individuals being assessed for or diagnosed with dementia within four prisons. The data from twenty nine interviews was thematically analysed and used to collaboratively propose principles for dementia care in prison and present the resultant co-designed care pathway.

Results: At the time of data collection almost all the men known to have a dementia diagnosis or suspected dementia had complex health and social care needs, and some were living with advanced dementia. Prison healthcare staff reported taking a 'case by case' approach to their pre- and post-diagnostic care. Meeting these prisoner's needs was complicated by the absence of organisational leads for care of older adults or people with dementia and there was no pathway or model in place to guide staff. Prison healthcare teams often had difficulty accessing specialist community services to support diagnosis. There was a lack of dementia education and knowledge about how to provide pre and post diagnostic dementia care in this setting amongst staff. The findings arising from this research have informed the co-production of two important evidence informed innovations namely a Model of Care and a pre- and post-diagnostic Care Pathway.

Conclusion: This research adds insights critical to understanding the adequacy of current approaches to meeting dementia related needs within the prison setting. To our knowledge this paper offers the first co-produced evidence informed pre- and post- diagnostic dementia care pathway and model of care for use in prisons. These could serve as tools for change that could enable prison healthcare staff to deliver the right care, at the right time, by the right people, and provide an opportunity to assess risk and plan care for the future.

背景和目的:全球监狱中的老年人数量正在增加。许多老年人身心健康状况不佳,头部受伤、认知障碍和痴呆症的发病率高于社区人群。满足这一弱势群体的复杂需求已成为监狱和监狱医疗服务部门日益关注的问题。这项多方法定性研究旨在调查苏格兰监狱是如何识别、评估和护理已确诊或疑似患有痴呆症的男性的。研究还探讨了四所监狱中被评估或诊断为痴呆症患者的生活经历。对来自 29 个访谈的数据进行了主题分析,并利用这些数据共同提出了监狱中痴呆症护理的原则,以及共同设计的护理路径:在收集数据时,几乎所有被诊断出患有痴呆症或疑似患有痴呆症的人都有复杂的健康和社会护理需求,其中一些人患有晚期痴呆症。监狱医护人员称,他们对诊断前后的护理采取 "因人而异 "的方法。由于没有负责老年人或痴呆症患者护理的组织领导,也没有指导工作人员的路径或模式,因此满足这些囚犯的需求变得更加复杂。监狱医疗团队往往难以获得专业社区服务来支持诊断。工作人员缺乏痴呆症教育,也不了解如何在这种环境下提供诊断前和诊断后的痴呆症护理。这项研究的结果为共同制定两项重要的循证创新提供了依据,即护理模式和诊断前后护理路径:这项研究为了解当前监狱环境中满足痴呆症相关需求的方法是否充分提供了重要见解。据我们所知,本文首次提出了共同制作的、以证据为依据的痴呆症诊断前后护理路径和护理模式,供监狱使用。这些都可以作为改革的工具,使监狱医护人员能够在正确的时间、由正确的人提供正确的护理,并为评估风险和规划未来护理提供机会。
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引用次数: 0
Changes in legal referrals to specialty substance use disorder treatment from 2015-2019. 2015-2019 年合法转介到专业药物使用障碍治疗机构的人数变化。
IF 3 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-024-00297-2
Carrie E Fry, Jacob Harris, Marguerite E Burns

Background: The policy landscape around substance use has changed dramatically in the past decade, which may have affected the number and characteristics of treatment episodes for substance use disorder (SUD). In this study, we examine changes in the volume of SUD treatment referrals from the legal system and compare changes in the composition of substances used by referral source. We used publicly available discharge data on specialty SUD treatment episodes in the U.S. from 2015-2019 and included episodes involving adults that are discharged from specialty SUD treatment facilities during the study. We calculated descriptive statistics of specialty SUD treatment discharges in each year and aggregated across all years by referral source and substance(s) reported upon admission. To test differences by year and referral source, we conducted z-tests of proportions.

Results: The proportion of referrals to specialty SUD treatment from the legal system declined between 2015 and 2019 (p < 0.001). However, referrals from probation/parole and diversionary programs grew over time (p < 0.001) in number and proportion over time. Legal referrals were most often associated with alcohol or cannabis use, though referrals for these substances declined from 2015-2019.

Conclusions: This research lays the groundwork for future investigations to evaluate the effect of important policy changes on referral sources to specialty SUD treatment and the quality and outcomes associated with referrals to treatment from the legal system.

背景:在过去十年中,围绕药物使用的政策环境发生了巨大变化,这可能会影响到药物使用障碍(SUD)治疗发作的数量和特征。在本研究中,我们考察了法律系统转介的药物滥用障碍治疗量的变化,并比较了转介来源所使用药物的构成变化。我们使用了 2015-2019 年期间美国公开的专科 SUD 治疗事件出院数据,并纳入了研究期间从专科 SUD 治疗机构出院的成人事件。我们计算了每年专科药物滥用治疗出院的描述性统计数据,并按转介来源和入院时报告的药物种类汇总了所有年份的数据。为了检验不同年份和转介来源的差异,我们对比例进行了z检验:结果:2015 年至 2019 年间,从法律系统转介到专科 SUD 治疗的比例有所下降(p):这项研究为未来的调查奠定了基础,以评估重要政策变化对特殊 SUD 治疗转介来源的影响,以及从法律系统转介治疗的相关质量和结果。
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引用次数: 0
Correction: Cervical cancer screening barriers and facilitators from the perspectives of women with a history of criminal-legal system involvement and substance use. 更正:从有刑事法律系统参与史和药物使用史的妇女角度看宫颈癌筛查的障碍和促进因素。
IF 3 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-024-00295-4
Amanda Emerson, Marissa Dogan, Elizabeth Hawes, Kiana Wilson, Sofía Mildrum Chana, Patricia J Kelly, Megan Comfort, Megha Ramaswamy
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引用次数: 0
Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the experiences of incarcerated pregnant people. COVID-19 大流行对被监禁孕妇经历的影响。
IF 3 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-024-00296-3
L Noël Marsh, Camille Kramer, Rebecca J Shlafer, Carolyn B Sufrin

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately impacted incarcerated populations, yet few studies have investigated the specific effects on incarcerated pregnant people. This study compares pregnant people's experiences of pregnancy and parenting in prison before and during the pandemic in order to explore the impacts of COVID-19 on this population.

Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with pregnant people at a state prison as part of a larger study on pregnant people's experiences during incarceration. Interviews explored participants' experiences and decision-making related to pregnancy and parenting while incarcerated. This secondary analysis compared interviews conducted between June 2019 and March 2020 (pre-COVID-19) to interviews conducted between June and November 2020 (during COVID-19). Interviews conducted during the pandemic included questions about the impact of COVID-19 on participants' experiences. Brief three and six-month follow-up interviews were conducted when possible.

Results: COVID-19 introduced new stressors and exacerbated preexisting stressors around participants' reproductive and parenting experiences. Three major themes emerged: 1) incarceration causes mental, emotional, and physical distress during pregnancy and parenting; 2) COVID-19 worsened conditions of incarceration, contributing to participants' distress; and 3) the introduction of quarantine protocols during the pandemic felt uniquely punitive for pregnant and postpartum people.

Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic was characterized as a major crisis and primary threat to public health, particularly for incarcerated individuals. Yet just as COVID-19 exacerbated preexisting disparities for marginalized, non-incarcerated communities, incarcerated pregnant people similarly described a "worsening" of already-intolerable conditions. The indiscriminate application of quarantine protocols for pregnant people reflects broader carceral logics of control that do not account for the wellbeing of pregnant and postpartum people and their infants, as evidenced by current practices of infant separation, a lack of support, and physically taxing living conditions.

背景:COVID-19 大流行对被监禁人群的影响尤为严重,但很少有研究调查被监禁孕妇受到的具体影响。本研究比较了大流行之前和期间孕妇在监狱中的怀孕和育儿经历,以探讨 COVID-19 对这一人群的影响:我们对一所州立监狱的孕妇进行了半结构化访谈,这是一项关于孕妇在监禁期间经历的大型研究的一部分。访谈探讨了参与者在监禁期间与怀孕和养育子女有关的经历和决策。这项二次分析比较了 2019 年 6 月至 2020 年 3 月(COVID-19 前)进行的访谈和 2020 年 6 月至 11 月(COVID-19 期间)进行的访谈。大流行期间进行的访谈包括有关 COVID-19 对参与者经历的影响的问题。在可能的情况下,还进行了为期三个月和六个月的简短后续访谈:结果:COVID-19 为参与者的生育和养育子女经历带来了新的压力,并加剧了原有的压力。结果:COVID-19 给参与者的生育和养育经历带来了新的压力,并加剧了原有的压力。出现了三大主题:1)监禁会在怀孕和养育期间造成精神、情绪和身体上的痛苦;2)COVID-19 使监禁条件恶化,加剧了参与者的痛苦;3)大流行期间引入的检疫规程对怀孕和产后人群具有独特的惩罚性:结论:COVID-19 大流行被描述为一场重大危机和对公共健康的主要威胁,尤其是对被监禁者而言。然而,正如 COVID-19 加剧了边缘化、未被监禁群体原有的不平等,被监禁的孕妇也同样描述了本已无法忍受的状况 "恶化"。对孕妇不加区分地适用隔离协议反映了更广泛的囚禁控制逻辑,这种逻辑没有考虑到孕妇和产后妇女及其婴儿的福祉,目前的婴儿分离做法、缺乏支持以及令人身心疲惫的生活条件就是证明。
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引用次数: 0
Facilitators and barriers to the implementation of the biobehavioral survey among incarcerated individuals and correctional personnel in Mozambique, 2021- a descriptive study. 2021 年在莫桑比克被监禁人员和管教人员中开展生物行为调查的促进因素和障碍--一项描述性研究。
IF 3 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-024-00292-7
Carlos Botão, Ana Mutola, Samuel Nuvunga, Auria Banze, Rachid Muleia, Makini Boothe, Cynthia Semá Baltazar

Mozambique implemented in 2021 a formative assessment in 22 prisons to identify the operational and logistical needs for the second round of the Biobehavioral Survey (BBS). Barriers and facilitators that could be anticipated in conducting BBS in prisons, in preparation for implementation, was evaluated using semi-structured questionnaires administered to key informants (directors and other kind of managers staff). The data were cleaned and analyzed using Microsoft Excel, and the categorical variables were summarized by means of simple frequencies and percentages. In most prisons the current prison capacity far exceeds the theoretical capacity, 40.9% have a theoretical capacity of ≥ 50 inmates, 81.8% have inmates who exceed their theoretical capacity. In the country half of the prisons receive only male inmates, and only one female, 54.5% of the prisons visited have inmates under 18 years of age, 72.7% of the prisons had a private space available for the survey, the penitentiary establishments have the physical space for study; ensuring the safety of staff within the facilities; involvement of correctional officers and a clinical focal point. However, barriers such as time management due to prison opening hours, prison laws, restrictions, or permits for research may change without notice due to security, lockdowns, riots, or other situations that may hinder the implementation of research. The implementation of successive and regular rounds of BBS in different environments, contexts and populations constitute opportunities for generating information and indicators not always captured by programmatic data and not only as an opportunity for offering and making healthcare available in prison environments that in a routine context, but these populations normally have also not had equal opportunities. Currently, little is known about the implementation of a BBS in a correctional environment and only a few barriers can be anticipated, for Mozambique's context, these challenges and obstacles can be overcome through clear communication and collaboration with officials at all levels.

莫桑比克于 2021 年在 22 所监狱实施了一项形成性评估,以确定第二轮生物行为调查 (BBS)的业务和后勤需求。在准备实施过程中,利用对主要信息提供者(监狱长和其他管理人员)进行的半结构式问卷调查,对在监狱开展生物行为调查可能遇到的障碍和促进因素进行了评估。使用 Microsoft Excel 对数据进行了清理和分析,并通过简单的频率和百分比对分类变量进行了总结。在大多数监狱中,目前的容纳量远远超过了理论容纳量,40.9%的监狱理论容纳量≥50 人,81.8%的监狱容纳量超过了理论容纳量。全国有一半的监狱只接收男囚犯,只有一所监狱接收女囚犯,54.5%的受访监狱有 18 岁以下的囚犯,72.7%的监狱有可供调查的私人空间,监狱机构有可供研究的物理空间;确保设施内工作人员的安全;惩教人员和临床协调人的参与。然而,由于监狱开放时间、监狱法律、限制或研究许可造成的时间管理等障碍,可能会因安全、封锁、暴乱或其他情况而在未通知的情况下发生变化,从而阻碍研究的实施。在不同的环境、背景和人群中实施连续和定期的 BBS,是产生信息和指标的机会,而这些信息和指标并不总是被计划数据所捕获,这不仅是在监狱环境中提供和提供常规医疗保健的机会,而且这些人群通常也没有平等的机会。目前,人们对在惩教环境中实施 BBS 还知之甚少,只能预见到一些障碍,但就莫桑比克的国情而言,这些挑战和障碍可以通过与各级官员的明确沟通和合作来克服。
{"title":"Facilitators and barriers to the implementation of the biobehavioral survey among incarcerated individuals and correctional personnel in Mozambique, 2021- a descriptive study.","authors":"Carlos Botão, Ana Mutola, Samuel Nuvunga, Auria Banze, Rachid Muleia, Makini Boothe, Cynthia Semá Baltazar","doi":"10.1186/s40352-024-00292-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-024-00292-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mozambique implemented in 2021 a formative assessment in 22 prisons to identify the operational and logistical needs for the second round of the Biobehavioral Survey (BBS). Barriers and facilitators that could be anticipated in conducting BBS in prisons, in preparation for implementation, was evaluated using semi-structured questionnaires administered to key informants (directors and other kind of managers staff). The data were cleaned and analyzed using Microsoft Excel, and the categorical variables were summarized by means of simple frequencies and percentages. In most prisons the current prison capacity far exceeds the theoretical capacity, 40.9% have a theoretical capacity of ≥ 50 inmates, 81.8% have inmates who exceed their theoretical capacity. In the country half of the prisons receive only male inmates, and only one female, 54.5% of the prisons visited have inmates under 18 years of age, 72.7% of the prisons had a private space available for the survey, the penitentiary establishments have the physical space for study; ensuring the safety of staff within the facilities; involvement of correctional officers and a clinical focal point. However, barriers such as time management due to prison opening hours, prison laws, restrictions, or permits for research may change without notice due to security, lockdowns, riots, or other situations that may hinder the implementation of research. The implementation of successive and regular rounds of BBS in different environments, contexts and populations constitute opportunities for generating information and indicators not always captured by programmatic data and not only as an opportunity for offering and making healthcare available in prison environments that in a routine context, but these populations normally have also not had equal opportunities. Currently, little is known about the implementation of a BBS in a correctional environment and only a few barriers can be anticipated, for Mozambique's context, these challenges and obstacles can be overcome through clear communication and collaboration with officials at all levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11445966/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Screening for STIs among criminal legal system involved youth of color in community settings. 在社区环境中对涉及刑事法律系统的有色人种青少年进行性传播疾病筛查。
IF 3 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-024-00288-3
Alwyn Cohall, Renee Cohall, Laura Staeheli, Curtis Dolezal, Stephanie Campos, Sin Lee, Megan O'Grady, Susan Tross, Patrick Wilson, Katherine Elkington

Background: Sexually transmitted infections are a significant, and growing, public health problem in this country - particularly among youth. Innovative strategies are needed to reduce the community burden of infection. Preliminary studies indicate that individuals involved in the criminal legal system have high rates of infection. While gaps exist in providing screening for incarcerated individuals, there are minimal efforts that have been initiated to screen individuals diverted from incarceration. In this study, we examined the STI risk profile and feasibility of screening for sexually transmitted infections for youth who were attending an alternative sentencing program after arrest for a minor offense. Youth were screened for chlamydia and gonorrhea using urine-based nucleic acid amplification tests.

Results: Of the 307 participants engaged in a program providing supportive services for criminal legal system involved youth at the Brooklyn Court House in New York City, 186 agreed to screening for sexually transmitted infections, and 8% were positive for chlamydia, gonorrhea, or both.

Conclusions: Screening programs within carceral settings have proven effective in identifying individuals with STIs. However, with policy changes diverting more young people away from incarceration and into community-based programs, innovative programs are needed to identify STIs among youth in these settings. Our findings indicate that it is feasible to conduct venue-based screening in these settings, and, doing so may identify youth in need of treatment and further evaluation.

背景:在我国,性传播感染是一个严重的公共卫生问题,而且这一问题还在不断加剧,尤其是在青少年中。我们需要创新的策略来减轻社区的感染负担。初步研究表明,涉及刑事法律系统的个人感染率很高。虽然在为被监禁者提供筛查方面存在差距,但在筛查刑满释放人员方面所做的努力却微乎其微。在这项研究中,我们调查了因轻微犯罪而被捕后参加替代刑罚计划的青少年的性传播感染风险概况以及性传播感染筛查的可行性。我们使用基于尿液的核酸扩增测试对青少年进行了衣原体和淋病筛查:在纽约市布鲁克林法院为涉及刑事法律系统的青少年提供支持性服务的项目中,有 307 名参与者,其中 186 人同意接受性传播感染筛查,8% 的人衣原体、淋病或两者均呈阳性:事实证明,囚禁环境中的筛查计划能有效识别性传播感染者。然而,随着政策的变化,越来越多的年轻人被从监禁场所转到社区项目中,因此需要创新的项目来识别这些环境中的年轻人是否患有性传播疾病。我们的研究结果表明,在这些环境中进行基于场所的筛查是可行的,而且这样做可以识别出需要治疗和进一步评估的青少年。
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引用次数: 0
A qualitative investigation into the effectiveness of a housing navigator program linking justice-involved clients with recovery housing. 对住房导航员计划的有效性进行定性调查,该计划将涉及司法问题的客户与康复住房联系起来。
IF 3 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-024-00293-6
Jodie M Dewey, Patrick Hibbard, Dennis P Watson, Juleigh Nowinski Konchak, Keiki Hinami

Background: Roughly 24-36% of people who are incarcerated in the U.S. are formally diagnosed with opioid use disorder (OUD). Once released, individuals involved with the criminal legal system (CLS) face increased risks of return to use and fatality and are 129 times more likely to die from an overdose within the first two weeks of release compared to those without CLS involvement. People who are CLS-involved and who are seeking a recovery living environment can access temporary stable housing through recovery homes. However, entering a recovery home can be difficult due to fragmentation among recovery housing organizations and their non-uniform application and screening procedures. A navigation pilot program was implemented to provide clients with recovery home placement advice, pre-screening, and referrals in Cook County, IL. Existing research on recovery homes has rarely examined the importance of recovery housing navigation for enhancing service engagement among CLS-involved individuals receiving medications for OUD.

Methods: Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 22 clients and three recovery housing navigators as part of a program evaluation of the navigation program pilot. Qualitative software was used to organize and qualitatively analyze transcripts through several rounds of coding producing emergent themes, which were then triangulated, and expanded using navigator data.

Results: Clients seeking recovery home services reported multiple prior challenges securing safe and supportive recovery living environments. Despite low initial expectations, clients described their interactions with housing navigators in favorable terms and felt navigators worked with them effectively to identify and meet their housing and substance use needs in a timely manner. Clients also commented on their partnerships with the navigator throughout the process. Interactions with navigators also calmed fears of rejection many clients had previously experienced and still harbored about the process, which bolstered client-navigator relationships and client motivation to engage with additional services.

Conclusion: Evidence from this study suggests recovery home navigation can improve the speed and efficiency with which clients are connected to appropriate services that are tailored to their specific needs as well as increase client motivation to engage with a myriad of recovery services.

背景:在美国,约有 24%-36% 的被监禁者被正式诊断出患有阿片类药物使用障碍 (OUD)。一旦获释,与刑事法律系统(CLS)有牵连的人面临着更大的重新吸毒和死亡风险,与没有刑事法律系统牵连的人相比,他们在获释后两周内死于吸毒过量的可能性要高出 129 倍。涉及 CLS 并寻求康复生活环境的人可以通过康复之家获得临时稳定住房。然而,由于康复住房组织之间各自为政,申请和筛选程序也不统一,因此进入康复住房可能会很困难。伊利诺伊州库克县实施了一项导航试点计划,为客户提供康复之家安置建议、预筛查和转介服务。关于康复之家的现有研究很少探讨康复之家导航对于提高接受药物治疗的社区服务参与度的重要性:作为导航计划试点项目评估的一部分,对 22 名客户和 3 名康复之家导航员进行了半结构化定性访谈。我们使用定性软件对记录誊本进行了整理和定性分析,通过多轮编码产生了新出现的主题,然后对这些主题进行了三角测量,并利用导航员的数据对这些主题进行了扩展:结果:寻求康复之家服务的客户报告了之前在确保安全和支持性康复生活环境方面遇到的多重挑战。尽管最初的期望值不高,但客户对他们与住房领航员的互动评价良好,并认为领航员与他们有效合作,及时发现并满足了他们的住房和药物使用需求。客户还对他们在整个过程中与领航员的伙伴关系发表了评论。与导航员的互动也平息了许多客户之前经历过并仍然对这一过程怀有的被拒绝的恐惧,这加强了客户与导航员之间的关系以及客户参与更多服务的积极性:本研究的证据表明,康复家庭导航可以提高客户获得适合其特定需求的适当服务的速度和效率,并提高客户参与各种康复服务的积极性。
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引用次数: 0
Linkage facilitation for opioid use disorder in criminal legal system contexts: a primer for researchers, clinicians, and legal practitioners. 在刑事法律系统背景下促进阿片类药物使用障碍的联系:研究人员、临床医师和法律从业人员入门指南。
IF 3 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-024-00291-8
Milan F Satcher, Steven Belenko, Anthony Coetzer-Liversage, Khirsten J Wilson, Michael R McCart, Tess K Drazdowski, Amanda Fallin-Bennett, Nickolas Zaller, Alysse M Schultheis, Aaron Hogue, Noel Vest, Ashli J Sheidow, Brandon Del Pozo, Dennis P Watson, Patrick F Hibbard, Randy Stevens, L A R Stein

At the intersection of drug policy, the opioid crisis, and fragmented care systems, persons with opioid use disorder (OUD) in the United States are significantly vulnerable to contact with the criminal legal system (CLS). In CLS settings, provision of evidence-based treatment for OUD is variable and often secondary to punitive approaches. Linkage facilitation at every touch point along the CLS Sequential Intercept Model has potential to redirect persons with OUD into recovery-oriented systems of care, increase evidence-based OUD treatment connections, and therefore reduce CLS re-exposure risk. Research in this area is still nascent. Thus, this narrative review explores the state of the science on linkage facilitation across the varied CLS contexts, including general barriers, facilitators, and opportunities for using linkage facilitation for OUD treatment and related services. Following the CLS Sequential Intercept Model, the specific CLS contexts examined include community services, police encounters, the courts (pre- and post-disposition), incarceration (pre-trial detention, jail, and prison), reentry (from jails, prisons, and unified systems), and community supervision (probation and parole). Examples of innovative linkage facilitation interventions are drawn from the Justice Community Opioid Innovation Network (JCOIN). Areas for future research and policy change are highlighted to advance the science of linkage facilitation for OUD services in the CLS.

在毒品政策、阿片类药物危机和支离破碎的护理系统的交织下,美国的阿片类药物使用障碍(OUD)患者极易接触刑事法律系统(CLS)。在刑事法律系统的环境中,对阿片类药物使用失调症提供的循证治疗不尽相同,而且往往次于惩罚性方法。在 CLS 顺序拦截模式的每一个接触点提供联系便利,有可能将 OUD 患者重新引导到以康复为导向的护理系统中,增加以证据为基础的 OUD 治疗联系,从而降低 CLS 再接触风险。这一领域的研究仍处于起步阶段。因此,本叙述性综述探讨了在不同的 CLS 背景下促进联系的科学现状,包括对 OUD 治疗和相关服务使用联系促进的一般障碍、促进因素和机会。按照 CLS 顺序拦截模型,所研究的具体 CLS 情境包括社区服务、与警察的接触、法院(处置前和处置后)、监禁(审前拘留、监狱和牢房)、重返社会(从监狱、牢房和统一系统)以及社区监督(缓刑和假释)。司法社区阿片类药物创新网络(JCOIN)提供了创新性联系促进干预措施的实例。此外,还强调了未来研究和政策变革的领域,以推进社区服务系统中针对 OUD 服务的联系促进科学。
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引用次数: 0
Contextual determinants of family-driven care implementation in juvenile justice settings. 在少年司法环境中实施家庭驱动护理的环境决定因素。
IF 3 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-024-00290-9
Kaitlin N Piper, Alexandra Jahn, Cam Escoffery, Briana Woods-Jaeger, David P Schwartz, Cathy Smith-Curry, Jessica Sales

Introduction: Engaging families in behavioral health services is a high priority for juvenile justice (JJ) systems and family advocacy groups. Family-driven care (FDC) enhances family engagement and decision-making power in youth behavioral health services, ultimately, improving youth and family mental health and substance abuse outcomes. Despite the benefits, there is limited guidance on how to integrate FDC into behavioral health care within the JJ system. Therefore, the goal of this study is to understand factors that promoted adoption of FDC the JJ context.

Methods: JJ staff and leadership across the state of Georgia participated in surveys and interviews to understand contextual implementation determinants related to the adoption of FDC. Between November 2021- July 2022, 140 JJ staff participated in the survey from 61 unique JJ organizations. In addition, 16 staff participated in follow-up key informant interviews to explain quantitative findings.

Results: Based on a mixed methods analysis, JJ agencies were more likely to implement FDC if they had the following characteristics: (1) presence of site leaders that were strongly committed to family engagement, (2) a shared understanding that family engagement was a top priority, (3) staff training related to family engagement, (4) external partnerships with organizations that serve families, (5) a workplace culture that was supportive of innovation, and (6) presence of family engagement programs that were easier (or more feasible) for staff to implement.

Discussion: This mixed methods study underscores the importance of strengthening these 6 inner and outer setting implementation determinants when preparing to integrate FDC into JJ systems. Findings are used to promote the adoption and delivery of this high priority intervention in a state-level JJ system.

导言:让家庭参与行为健康服务是少年司法(JJ)系统和家庭倡导团体的重中之重。以家庭为导向的护理(FDC)提高了家庭在青少年行为健康服务中的参与度和决策权,最终改善了青少年及其家庭的心理健康和药物滥用状况。尽管好处多多,但如何将 FDC 纳入 JJ 系统内的行为健康护理中,指导却很有限。因此,本研究的目标是了解促进在 JJ 环境中采用 FDC 的因素:佐治亚州各地的 JJ 工作人员和领导参与了调查和访谈,以了解与采用 FDC 相关的背景实施决定因素。2021 年 11 月至 2022 年 7 月期间,来自 61 个不同的 JJ 组织的 140 名 JJ 工作人员参与了调查。此外,16 名工作人员参加了后续关键信息提供者访谈,以解释定量调查结果:根据混合方法分析,如果JJ机构具有以下特征,则更有可能实施家庭发展中心:(1)有坚定致力于家庭参与的现场领导,(2)有将家庭参与作为首要任务的共识,(3)有与家庭参与相关的员工培训,(4)与服务家庭的组织有外部合作关系,(5)有支持创新的工作场所文化,(6)有员工更容易(或更可行)实施的家庭参与计划:这项混合方法研究强调了在准备将家庭发展中心纳入联合司法系统时,加强这 6 个内部和外部环境实施决定因素的重要性。研究结果将用于促进在州一级的 JJ 系统中采用和实施这一高度优先的干预措施。
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引用次数: 0
A randomized clinical trial testing a health literacy intervention to reduce disparities in access to care among Justice-Impacted Adults (JIA). 一项随机临床试验,测试健康知识干预措施,以减少受正义影响的成年人(JIA)在获得医疗服务方面的差距。
IF 3 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-024-00284-7
Victoria D Ojeda, Arthur Groneman, Sarah Hiller-Venegas, Melissa Moreno, Briana Schuler, Jerrica Barksdale, Emily Berliant, Natalie Romero, Todd M Edwards, Zephon Lister, Todd Gilmer, Tommi Gaines, Angela Bazzi

Background: Low health literacy is costly and observed among justice-impacted adults (JIA), a group that often faces numerous barriers in accessing healthcare and a disproportionate burden of illness. Health literacy interventions for JIA are critically needed to improve healthcare access and related outcomes.

Methods: This manuscript describes the protocol for a longitudinal mixed-methods randomized clinical trial that assesses the effectiveness of a coach-guided health literacy intervention on JIA's healthcare access. The intervention was previously piloted with justice impacted adults. We will recruit 300 JIA ages 18 + in San Diego, California. Participants will be randomized 1:1 to the Treatment Group (i.e., coach-guided intervention providing 12 sessions of individualized health coaching and service navigation over 6 months) or the Control Group (i.e., self-study of the health coaching program, and brief service navigation support). We will quantitatively assess JIA's healthcare access defined as: use of healthcare, health insurance status, and regular source of care at 6-months as the primary outcomes. Participants will also be surveyed at 12-months. Statistical analyses will incorporate the intent-to-treat (ITT) principle and we will estimate mixed-effects logistic regression for the primary outcomes. We will also conduct qualitative interviews at 6 and 12-months with 40 purposively sampled participants, stratified by study arm, who reported healthcare access barriers at baseline. Interviews will explore participants' satisfaction with the intervention, healthcare attitudes, self-efficacy for and barriers to healthcare access over time, perceived contribution of the intervention to health and well-being, and diffusion of intervention-related information within participants' social networks. We will conduct deductive thematic analyses of qualitative data.

Discussion: Low health literacy among JIA is a foundational challenge requiring tailored intervention strategies. Findings from this trial may inform policies and the structure of service delivery models to build health literacy among JIA in institutional and community settings throughout the United States and elsewhere.

Trial registration: This study is registered with the United States' ClinicalTrials.gov registry under protocol # 161,903.

背景:在受司法影响的成年人(JIA)中,健康素养较低的代价高昂,而这一群体在获得医疗保健服务时往往面临重重障碍,疾病负担过重。为改善医疗服务的获取和相关结果,亟需对 JIA 进行健康素养干预:本手稿介绍了一项纵向混合方法随机临床试验的方案,该试验旨在评估教练指导下的健康知识干预对 JIA 获得医疗服务的有效性。该干预措施之前曾在受司法影响的成年人中进行过试点。我们将在加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥招募 300 名 18 岁以上的 JIA。参与者将按 1:1 随机分配到治疗组(即在教练指导下进行干预,在 6 个月内提供 12 次个性化健康指导和服务导航)或对照组(即自学健康指导计划和简短的服务导航支持)。我们将对 JIA 的医疗保健获得情况进行定量评估,主要结果包括:6 个月的医疗保健使用情况、医疗保险状况和固定的医疗保健来源。我们还将在 12 个月时对参与者进行调查。统计分析将采用意向治疗(ITT)原则,我们将对主要结果进行混合效应逻辑回归估算。我们还将在 6 个月和 12 个月时对 40 名有目的抽样的参与者进行定性访谈,访谈对象将按研究臂进行分层,这些参与者在基线时曾报告存在获得医疗服务的障碍。访谈将探讨参与者对干预措施的满意度、医疗保健态度、获得医疗保健服务的自我效能以及随着时间推移存在的障碍、干预措施对健康和福祉的贡献,以及干预措施相关信息在参与者社交网络中的传播情况。我们将对定性数据进行演绎主题分析:讨论:JIA的健康素养较低是一项基本挑战,需要采取有针对性的干预策略。本试验的结果可为政策和服务提供模式的结构提供参考,从而在美国和其他地方的机构和社区环境中提高JIA的健康素养:本研究已在美国临床试验注册中心(ClinicalTrials.gov)注册,注册号为161,903。
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