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Correction: "The COVID‑19 pandemic and operational challenges, impacts, and lessons learned: a multi‑methods study of U.S. prison systems". 更正:"COVID-19大流行病与业务挑战、影响和经验教训:对美国监狱系统的多方法研究"。
IF 3.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-25 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-024-00278-5
Meghan A Novisky, Jennifer Tostlebe, David Pyrooz, Jose Antonio Sanchez
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引用次数: 0
An intervention development study of an mHealth app to manage women's health and safety while on probation. 一项关于移动医疗应用程序的干预开发研究,旨在管理缓刑期间妇女的健康和安全。
IF 3 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-024-00277-6
Allison D Crawford, Emily J Salisbury, Jacqueline M McGrath

Purpose: Preliminary studies have suggested that women are responsive to using technology to manage their health, due to its discreet, convenient, and cost-effective nature. Yet, there are limited mobile health (mHealth) apps specific to women's needs, particularly those on probation. The purpose of this study was to explore features of 2 existing mHealth applications related to sexual health and safety, specific to interpersonal and sexual violence, to answer research questions related to the usability, barriers, and facilitators of mHealth app use for women on probation.

Subjects: We purposefully sampled from a local adult probation site and utilized snow-ball sampling to recruit 11 women who were on probation and owned iPhones.

Methods: We conducted an exploratory intervention development study using a qualitative design. Social Cognitive Theory was used for data synthesize and organization.

Findings: Three themes emerged: (1) It made me take time for myself; (2) It helped me to be more respectful of my body; (3) The connectivity….that was helpful.

Major implications: Participants expressed mHealth apps to be usable, feasible, accessible and promoted self-efficacy by allowing them track symptoms and patterns of behavior specific to health and safety in a discreet, convenient, and effective manner. This research suggests that a culturally tailored mHealth app may be an appropriate intervention to provide timely gender-responsive feedback, resources, and health care to women on probation.

目的:初步研究表明,由于技术具有谨慎、方便和成本效益高的特点,妇女对使用技术管理自己的健康反应积极。然而,专门针对女性需求的移动医疗(mHealth)应用却很有限,尤其是那些处于缓刑期的女性。本研究旨在探索现有的两款与性健康和安全相关的移动医疗应用程序的特点,特别是针对人际暴力和性暴力的特点,以回答与缓刑妇女使用移动医疗应用程序的可用性、障碍和促进因素相关的研究问题:我们有目的地从当地的一个成人缓刑机构取样,并利用滚雪球取样法招募了 11 名拥有 iPhone 的缓刑妇女:我们采用定性设计进行了一项探索性干预发展研究。研究结果:出现了三个主题:(1) 它让我为自己花时间;(2) 它帮助我更加尊重自己的身体;(3) 连接....that 很有帮助。主要影响:参与者表示,移动保健应用程序是可用的、可行的、可访问的,并能让他们以谨慎、方便和有效的方式跟踪与健康和安全有关的症状和行为模式,从而提高自我效能。这项研究表明,针对不同文化定制的移动医疗应用程序可能是一种适当的干预措施,可为缓刑妇女提供及时的性别响应反馈、资源和医疗保健服务。
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引用次数: 0
Attitudes of nurses, paramedics, and medics towards security prisoners: a cross-sectional study. 护士、护理人员和医护人员对安全囚犯的态度:一项横断面研究。
IF 3.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-27 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-024-00275-8
Liel Hadida, Oren Wacht, Ilana Livshiz Riven, Orli Grinstein-Cohen

Background: Security prisoners in Israel are those imprisoned due to offenses involving harming state security or from nationalistic motivations. On the one hand, they are accused of a serious criminal offense that harmed state security, while on the other hand they have a right to healthcare like any human being. According to the Theory of Planned Behavior, an attitude is one of three components that predict a behavior intention. The study aims to evaluate the attitudes of nurses, paramedics, and medics toward security prisoners, and to identify factors that could be related to their attitudes.

Methods: A cross-sectional study, conducted using a convenience sample. Attitudes toward security prisoners were measured using the Attitudes Towards Prisoners (ATP) questionnaire. The study included 281 participants. The results show that the nationality of staff members (Jewish, Muslim, or Christian) did not influence their attitudes toward security prisoners (p > 0.05).

Results: Staff members who had treated a security prisoner showed a more positive attitude compared with those who had never treated a security prisoner (p < 0.05). The study also found that the youngest group of participants (20-30 years) had a lower average attitude compared with older age groups (p < 0.05). This may be due to the younger participants' closer age to the experience of military service.

Conclusions: This study showed that there is no connection between staff members' nationality and their attitudes toward security prisoners. This indicates that the staff treat patients in accordance with the equality value. By characterizing variables related to the staff's attitudes we can propose appropriate training programs for the studied staff and the introduction of this topic into the various curricula in Israel, thus improving the quality of staff care.

背景:以色列的安全犯是指因危害国家安全罪或出于民族主义动机而被监禁的人。一方面,他们被指控犯有危害国家安全的严重刑事罪行,另一方面,他们与其他人一样享有医疗保健的权利。根据计划行为理论,态度是预测行为意向的三个组成部分之一。本研究旨在评估护士、护理人员和医护人员对安全囚犯的态度,并找出可能与他们的态度有关的因素:方法:采用方便抽样法进行横断面研究。使用 "对囚犯的态度"(ATP)问卷对囚犯的态度进行测量。研究包括 281 名参与者。结果显示,工作人员的国籍(犹太教、穆斯林或基督教)并不影响他们对安全囚犯的态度(P > 0.05):结果:与从未对待过安全犯的工作人员相比,曾经对待过安全犯的工作人员表现出更积极的态度(p 结论:安全犯的态度与工作人员的国籍无关:这项研究表明,工作人员的国籍与他们对安全囚犯的态度之间没有联系。这表明,工作人员按照平等价值观对待病人。通过分析与工作人员态度有关的变量,我们可以为所研究的工作人员提出适当的培训计划,并将这一主题引入以色列的各种课程中,从而提高工作人员的护理质量。
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引用次数: 0
Prior incarceration, restrictive housing, and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in a community sample of persons who use drugs. 吸毒者社区样本中的前监禁、限制性住房和创伤后应激障碍症状。
IF 3 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-024-00276-7
James A Hammock, Teresa López-Castro, Aaron D Fox

Background: Criminalization of drugs in the United States (US) has extensive consequences for people who use drugs (PWUD). Incarceration and substance use overlap with 65% of the US prison population meeting substance use disorder (SUD) criteria. Exposure to the criminal-legal system negatively impacts the health of PWUD. PTSD is commonly comorbid with SUDs, and exposure to restrictive housing (RH) during incarceration may worsen mental health. Because PWUD are disproportionately incarcerated, experiences occurring during incarceration, such as RH, may contribute to the development or exacerbation of PTSD and SUDs. This study of PWUD investigated prior criminal-legal system exposure and its association with PTSD symptoms in community-dwelling PWUD.

Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited PWUD from syringe service programs (SSP). Inclusion criteria were: age 18+, current or past opioid use disorder, and SSP enrollment. Data collected included: sociodemographics; incarceration, substance use, SUD treatment history, and PTSD assessments (Life Events Checklist for DSM-5 and the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5). Bivariate testing and multivariate logistic regression analyses, with probable PTSD as the dependent variable and a three-level variable for criminal legal history as the independent variable, were conducted to determine whether incarceration and RH were associated with probable PTSD.

Results: Of 139 participants, 78% had an incarceration history with 57% of these having a history of RH. 57% of participants screened positive for probable PTSD, and physical assault was the most common traumatic exposure. Any history of incarceration was not associated with probable PTSD diagnosis; however, in multivariate testing, adjusting for age, sex, and substance use, a history of RH (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.76, 95% CI 1.27-11.11) was significantly associated with probable PTSD.

Conclusions: RH and PTSD were both exceptionally common in a sample of SSP participants. RH can be detrimental to physical and mental health. Clinicians and policy makers may not consider incarceration as a traumatic experience for PWUD; however, our data suggest that among highly marginalized PWUD, prior exposure to incarceration and RH may add an additional burden to their daily struggles, namely PTSD.

背景:美国对毒品的刑事定罪对吸毒者(PWUD)产生了广泛的影响。监禁和药物使用相互重叠,美国监狱人口中有 65% 符合药物使用障碍 (SUD) 标准。接触刑事法律系统对吸毒者(PWUD)的健康产生了负面影响。创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)通常与药物滥用障碍(SUD)并发,监禁期间的限制性住房(RH)可能会恶化心理健康。由于残疾人被监禁的比例过高,监禁期间的经历(如限制性住房)可能会导致创伤后应激障碍和严重精神障碍的发生或加重。本研究调查了居住在社区的残疾人以前接触刑事法律系统的情况及其与创伤后应激障碍症状的关系:这项横断面研究从注射器服务计划(SSP)中招募了PWUD。纳入标准为:年龄在 18 岁以上,目前或过去曾患有阿片类药物使用障碍,并参加过 SSP。收集的数据包括:社会人口统计学、监禁、药物使用、SDD 治疗史和创伤后应激障碍评估(DSM-5 生命事件清单和 DSM-5 创伤后应激障碍清单)。以可能的创伤后应激障碍为因变量,以刑事法律史三级变量为自变量,进行了二元检验和多元逻辑回归分析,以确定监禁和 RH 是否与可能的创伤后应激障碍有关:在 139 名参与者中,78% 的人有监禁史,其中 57% 的人有生殖健康史。57%的参与者被筛查出可能患有创伤后应激障碍,而身体攻击是最常见的创伤暴露。任何监禁史都与可能的创伤后应激障碍诊断无关;然而,在多变量测试中,调整年龄、性别和药物使用情况后,RH 史(调整赔率比 [aOR]:3.76,95% CI 1.27-11.11)与可能的创伤后应激障碍显著相关:结论:在 SSP 参与者样本中,RH 和创伤后应激障碍都非常常见。RH可能会损害身心健康。临床医生和政策制定者可能不会将监禁视为对残疾人的创伤性经历;然而,我们的数据表明,在高度边缘化的残疾人中,之前的监禁和生殖健康经历可能会给他们的日常挣扎增加额外的负担,即创伤后应激障碍。
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引用次数: 0
Correction: "When people who use drugs can't differentiate between medical care and cops, it's a problem." Compounding risks of law enforcement harassment & punitive healthcare policies. 更正:"当吸毒者无法区分医疗和警察时,这就是个问题"。执法骚扰和惩罚性医疗政策的风险加剧。
IF 3.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-20 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-024-00270-z
Bayla Ostrach, Vanessa Hixon, Ainsley Bryce
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引用次数: 0
Multi-sector stakeholder consensus on tackling the complex health and social needs of the growing population of people leaving prison in older age. 多部门利益相关者就解决日益增多的老年刑满释放人员的复杂健康和社会需求问题达成共识。
IF 3 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-024-00271-y
Ye In Jane Hwang, Stephen Hampton, Adrienne Lee Withall, Phillip Snoyman, Katrina Forsyth, Tony Butler

Background: As populations age globally, cooperation across multi-sector stakeholders is increasingly important to service older persons, particularly those with high and complex health and social needs. One such population is older people entering society after a period of incarceration in prison. The 'ageing epidemic' in prisons worldwide has caught the attention of researchers, governments and community organisations, who identify challenges in servicing this group as they re-enter the community. Challenges lie across multiple sectors, with inadequate support leading to dire consequences for public health, social welfare and recidivism. This is the first study to bring together multi-sector stakeholders from Australia to form recommendations for improving health and social outcomes for older people re-entering community after imprisonment.

Results: A modified nominal group technique was used to produce recommendations from N = 15 key stakeholders across prison health, corrections, research, advocacy, aged care, community services, via online workshops. The importance and priority of these recommendations was validated by a broader sample of N = 44 stakeholders, using an online survey. Thirty-six recommendations for improving outcomes for this population were strongly supported. The key issues underlying the recommendations included: improved multi-stakeholder systems and services, targeted release preparation and practices that ensure continuity of care, advocacy-focused initiatives in the community, and extended funding for effective programs.

Conclusions: There is consensus across stakeholders on ways forward, with intervention and policy updates required at the individual, systems and community levels. These recommendations entail two important findings about this population: (1) They are a high-needs, unique, and underserved group at risk of significant health and social inequity in the community, (2) Multi-sector stakeholder cooperation will be crucial to service this growing group.

背景:随着全球人口的老龄化,多部门利益相关者之间的合作对于服务老年人,特别是那些具有高度和复杂的健康和社会需求的老年人,变得越来越重要。在监狱服刑一段时间后重返社会的老年人就是其中之一。全球监狱中的 "老龄化流行病 "引起了研究人员、政府和社区组织的关注,他们发现了为这一群体重新进入社区提供服务所面临的挑战。挑战横跨多个领域,支持不足会给公共卫生、社会福利和累犯问题带来严重后果。这是第一项汇集澳大利亚多部门利益相关者的研究,旨在为改善刑满释放后重返社区的老年人的健康和社会成果提出建议:结果:采用修改后的名义小组技术,通过在线研讨会,从监狱卫生、惩戒、研究、宣传、老年护理、社区服务等 N = 15 个主要利益相关者中提出建议。这些建议的重要性和优先性通过在线调查得到了 N = 44 个利益相关者的广泛认可。有 36 项关于改善该群体成果的建议得到了大力支持。这些建议所涉及的关键问题包括:改善多方利益相关者的系统和服务、有针对性的释放准备工作和确保护理连续性的做法、在社区开展以宣传为重点的活动,以及为有效的计划提供更多资金:各利益相关方对未来的发展方向达成了共识,需要在个人、系统和社区层面进行干预和政策更新。这些建议包含了关于这一群体的两个重要发现:(1)他们是一个高需求、独特且服务不足的群体,在社区中面临严重的健康和社会不公平风险;(2)多部门利益相关者的合作对于服务这一日益增长的群体至关重要。
{"title":"Multi-sector stakeholder consensus on tackling the complex health and social needs of the growing population of people leaving prison in older age.","authors":"Ye In Jane Hwang, Stephen Hampton, Adrienne Lee Withall, Phillip Snoyman, Katrina Forsyth, Tony Butler","doi":"10.1186/s40352-024-00271-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-024-00271-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As populations age globally, cooperation across multi-sector stakeholders is increasingly important to service older persons, particularly those with high and complex health and social needs. One such population is older people entering society after a period of incarceration in prison. The 'ageing epidemic' in prisons worldwide has caught the attention of researchers, governments and community organisations, who identify challenges in servicing this group as they re-enter the community. Challenges lie across multiple sectors, with inadequate support leading to dire consequences for public health, social welfare and recidivism. This is the first study to bring together multi-sector stakeholders from Australia to form recommendations for improving health and social outcomes for older people re-entering community after imprisonment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A modified nominal group technique was used to produce recommendations from N = 15 key stakeholders across prison health, corrections, research, advocacy, aged care, community services, via online workshops. The importance and priority of these recommendations was validated by a broader sample of N = 44 stakeholders, using an online survey. Thirty-six recommendations for improving outcomes for this population were strongly supported. The key issues underlying the recommendations included: improved multi-stakeholder systems and services, targeted release preparation and practices that ensure continuity of care, advocacy-focused initiatives in the community, and extended funding for effective programs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is consensus across stakeholders on ways forward, with intervention and policy updates required at the individual, systems and community levels. These recommendations entail two important findings about this population: (1) They are a high-needs, unique, and underserved group at risk of significant health and social inequity in the community, (2) Multi-sector stakeholder cooperation will be crucial to service this growing group.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11027373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140856997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Scoping review of military veterans involved in the criminal legal system and their health and healthcare: 5-year update and map to the Veterans-Sequential Intercept Model. 对涉及刑事法律系统的退伍军人及其健康和医疗保健进行范围审查:5 年更新和退伍军人-顺序截点模型地图。
IF 3 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-024-00274-9
Kreeti Singh, Christine Timko, Mengfei Yu, Emmeline Taylor, Jessica Blue-Howells, Andrea K Finlay

Background: A previous scoping review of legal-involved veterans' health and healthcare (1947-2017) identified studies and their limitations. Given the influx of literature published recently, this study aimed to update the previous review and map articles to the Veterans-Sequential Intercept Model (V-SIM) - a conceptual model used by key partners, including Veterans Health Administration, veteran advocates, criminal justice practitioners, and local governments to identify intercept points in the criminal legal system where resources and programming can be provided. Developing an updated resource of literature is essential to inform current research, discover gaps, and highlight areas for future research.

Methods: A systematic search of 5 databases identified articles related to legal-involved veterans' health and healthcare published between December 2017 through December 2022. The first and senior authors conducted abstract reviews, full-text reviews, and data extraction of study characteristics. Finally, each article was sorted by the various intercept points from the V-SIM.

Results: Of 903 potentially relevant articles, 107 peer-reviewed publications were included in this review, most related to mental health (66/107, 62%) and used an observational quantitative study design (95/107, 89%). Although most articles did not explicitly use the V-SIM to guide data collection, analyses, or interpretation, all could be mapped to this conceptual model. Half of the articles (54/107, 50%) collected data from intercept 5 (Community Corrections and Support Intercept) of the V-SIM. No articles gathered data from intercepts 0 (Community and Emergency Services Intercept), 1 (Law Enforcement Intercept), or 2 (Initial Detention and Court Hearings Intercept).

Conclusions: There were 107 articles published in the last five years compared to 190 articles published in 70 years covered in the last review, illustrating the growing interest in legal-involved veterans. The V-SIM is widely used by front-line providers and clinical leadership, but not by researchers to guide their work. By clearly tying their research to the V-SIM, researchers could generate results to help guide policy and practice at specific intercept points. Despite the large number of publications, research on prevention and early intervention for legal-involved veterans is lacking, indicating areas of great need for future studies.

背景:之前对涉及法律问题的退伍军人的健康和医疗保健进行的范围综述(1947-2017 年)确定了相关研究及其局限性。鉴于最近发表的大量文献,本研究旨在更新之前的综述,并将文章映射到退伍军人-序列截点模型(V-SIM)--一个由退伍军人健康管理局、退伍军人倡导者、刑事司法从业人员和地方政府等主要合作伙伴使用的概念模型,以确定刑事法律系统中可提供资源和计划的截点。开发最新的文献资源对于为当前研究提供信息、发现差距和强调未来研究领域至关重要:对 5 个数据库进行了系统检索,确定了 2017 年 12 月至 2022 年 12 月期间发表的与涉法退伍军人健康和医疗保健相关的文章。第一作者和资深作者进行了摘要综述、全文综述和研究特征数据提取。最后,根据 V-SIM 的不同截取点对每篇文章进行分类:在 903 篇可能相关的文章中,107 篇经同行评审的出版物被纳入了本综述,其中大部分与心理健康有关(66/107,62%),并采用了观察性定量研究设计(95/107,89%)。虽然大多数文章没有明确使用 V-SIM 来指导数据收集、分析或解释,但所有文章都可以映射到这一概念模型。半数文章(54/107,50%)从 V-SIM 的截距 5(社区矫正和支持截距)收集数据。没有文章从截距 0(社区和紧急服务截距)、1(执法截距)或 2(初始拘留和法庭听证截距)中收集数据:过去五年中发表了 107 篇文章,而上一次审查所涵盖的 70 年中发表了 190 篇文章,这说明人们对涉法退伍军人的兴趣日益浓厚。V-SIM 被一线服务提供者和临床领导层广泛使用,但却没有被研究人员用来指导他们的工作。通过将其研究与 V-SIM 明确挂钩,研究人员可以得出有助于指导特定截取点的政策和实践的结果。尽管发表了大量论文,但有关涉法退伍军人的预防和早期干预的研究还很缺乏,这表明未来的研究有很大的需求领域。
{"title":"Scoping review of military veterans involved in the criminal legal system and their health and healthcare: 5-year update and map to the Veterans-Sequential Intercept Model.","authors":"Kreeti Singh, Christine Timko, Mengfei Yu, Emmeline Taylor, Jessica Blue-Howells, Andrea K Finlay","doi":"10.1186/s40352-024-00274-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-024-00274-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A previous scoping review of legal-involved veterans' health and healthcare (1947-2017) identified studies and their limitations. Given the influx of literature published recently, this study aimed to update the previous review and map articles to the Veterans-Sequential Intercept Model (V-SIM) - a conceptual model used by key partners, including Veterans Health Administration, veteran advocates, criminal justice practitioners, and local governments to identify intercept points in the criminal legal system where resources and programming can be provided. Developing an updated resource of literature is essential to inform current research, discover gaps, and highlight areas for future research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of 5 databases identified articles related to legal-involved veterans' health and healthcare published between December 2017 through December 2022. The first and senior authors conducted abstract reviews, full-text reviews, and data extraction of study characteristics. Finally, each article was sorted by the various intercept points from the V-SIM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 903 potentially relevant articles, 107 peer-reviewed publications were included in this review, most related to mental health (66/107, 62%) and used an observational quantitative study design (95/107, 89%). Although most articles did not explicitly use the V-SIM to guide data collection, analyses, or interpretation, all could be mapped to this conceptual model. Half of the articles (54/107, 50%) collected data from intercept 5 (Community Corrections and Support Intercept) of the V-SIM. No articles gathered data from intercepts 0 (Community and Emergency Services Intercept), 1 (Law Enforcement Intercept), or 2 (Initial Detention and Court Hearings Intercept).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There were 107 articles published in the last five years compared to 190 articles published in 70 years covered in the last review, illustrating the growing interest in legal-involved veterans. The V-SIM is widely used by front-line providers and clinical leadership, but not by researchers to guide their work. By clearly tying their research to the V-SIM, researchers could generate results to help guide policy and practice at specific intercept points. Despite the large number of publications, research on prevention and early intervention for legal-involved veterans is lacking, indicating areas of great need for future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11027330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140868335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Custodial and perinatal care patterns of women who received prenatal care while incarcerated in the Arkansas state prison system, 2014-2019. 2014-2019 年在阿肯色州监狱系统服刑期间接受产前护理的妇女的监护和围产期护理模式。
IF 3.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-13 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-024-00268-7
Melissa J Zielinski, Mollee Steely Smith, Alleigh Stahman

Background: The extraordinary growth in women's incarceration over the past several decades has resulted in calls for expansion of research into their unique needs and experiences, including those related to pregnancy and perinatal care. However, while research into the health outcomes of women who are incarcerated while pregnant has grown, research on women's custodial and perinatal care patterns has remained nearly non-existent. Here, we sought to describe (1) the characteristics of the population of women who came to be incarcerated in a state prison system during pregnancy and (2) the characteristics of women's custodial and perinatal care patterns during and after incarceration.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of the population of women who received perinatal care while incarcerated in the Arkansas state prison system over a 5-year period from June 2014 to May 2019. Electronic medical records and state prison records were merged to form our study population. Data were from 212 women (Mage = 28.4 years; 75.0% non-Latina White) with a singleton pregnancy who received at least one obstetric care visit while incarcerated.

Results: Drug-related convictions were the most common crimes leading to women's incarceration while pregnant, and violent crime convictions were rare. Nearly half (43.4%) of women who gave birth in custody did so within 90 days of admission and the great majority (80.4%) released within 1-year of giving birth, including 13.3% who released within 30 days.

Discussion: The frequency with which women who became incarcerated while pregnant released from prison either prior to or shortly after giving birth was a striking, novel finding of this study given the implications for perinatal care disruption among a high-risk population and the harms of forced separation from infants within hours of birth.

Conclusions: Diversionary programs for pregnant women convicted of crimes, particularly in states without current access, are urgently needed and should be a priority for future policy work.

背景:在过去的几十年里,女性囚犯人数急剧增加,因此人们呼吁扩大对她们独特需求和经历的研究,包括与怀孕和围产期护理相关的需求和经历。然而,尽管对怀孕期间被监禁妇女的健康状况的研究有所增长,但对妇女的监护和围产期护理模式的研究却几乎没有。在此,我们试图描述:(1)怀孕期间被关押在州立监狱系统的妇女群体的特征;(2)妇女在被关押期间和之后的监护和围产期护理模式的特征:我们对 2014 年 6 月至 2019 年 5 月这 5 年间在阿肯色州监狱系统服刑期间接受围产期护理的妇女群体进行了回顾性病历审查。我们将电子病历和州立监狱病历合并,形成研究对象。数据来自212名单胎妊娠妇女(年龄=28.4岁;75.0%为非拉丁裔白人),她们在监禁期间至少接受过一次产科护理:与毒品有关的犯罪是导致妇女在怀孕期间被监禁的最常见犯罪,而暴力犯罪则很少见。近一半(43.4%)的女性在入狱后 90 天内分娩,绝大多数(80.4%)在分娩后 1 年内获释,其中 13.3% 在 30 天内获释:讨论:考虑到围产期护理在高危人群中的影响以及婴儿出生后数小时内被迫与母亲分离的危害,怀孕期间被监禁的妇女在分娩前或分娩后不久出狱的频率是本研究的一个惊人的新发现:结论:为被判定有罪的孕妇提供转送教改机构的计划,尤其是在目前没有这种机会的州,是迫切需要的,也是未来政策工作的重点。
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引用次数: 0
"We wish we had the option": a qualitative study of women's perspectives and experiences with contraception in a provincial prison in Ontario, Canada. "我们希望有选择":对加拿大安大略省一所省级监狱中妇女避孕观点和经验的定性研究。
IF 3.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-024-00269-6
Reilly Jones, Sasha Lemberg-Pelly, Brigid Dineley, Jessica Jurgutis, Fiona G Kouyoumdjian, Jessica Liauw

Background: Evidence suggests that women who are incarcerated desire access to contraception while incarcerated, and that this need is not currently being met. Our objective in this study was to explore the perspectives and experiences of women in prisons regarding contraception and contraception access using data from focus groups with women in a provincial prison. We analyzed focus group data collected in a provincial prison in Ontario, Canada using content analysis and a constructivist epistemology.

Results: We conducted three focus groups, each approximately one hour in length. Discussions revolved around (1) knowledge and decision making about contraception, (2) accessing contraception, and (3) ideas for increasing access to contraception in the prison setting. Decision making about contraception was mainly related to concerns about side effects, consistent access to care, impacts on future fertility, and autonomy around decision-making. Participants discussed a wide range of experiences with contraception. Ideas for increasing access to contraception included information sessions, inclusion of discussions about contraception as a component of admission and release planning, and time spent in prison as a crucial juncture for decision-making about contraception.

Conclusions: More qualitative research is needed to better understand the needs of women in prisons related to contraception. The findings of this study suggest that programs should focus on consistency and continuity of access to care, education opportunities, and integration of discussions about contraception into official admission and release procedures.

背景:有证据表明,被监禁妇女希望在监禁期间获得避孕药具,但目前这一需求并未得到满足。本研究的目的是通过与一所省级监狱中的女性进行焦点小组讨论,探讨监狱中的女性对避孕和避孕途径的看法和经验。我们采用内容分析法和建构主义认识论分析了在加拿大安大略省一所省级监狱收集的焦点小组数据:我们开展了三个焦点小组,每个小组的讨论时间约为一小时。讨论围绕以下几个方面展开:(1)避孕知识和避孕决策;(2)避孕途径;(3)在监狱环境中增加避孕途径的想法。关于避孕的决策主要涉及对副作用、持续获得护理、对未来生育的影响以及决策自主权的担忧。与会者讨论了各种避孕经验。增加获得避孕药具机会的建议包括:举办信息通报会、将有关避孕药具的讨论作为入狱和出狱计划的一部分,以及将在狱中度过的时间作为避孕药具决策的关键时刻:需要开展更多的定性研究,以更好地了解狱中妇女在避孕方面的需求。这项研究的结果表明,相关计划应注重获得护理的一致性和连续性、教育机会,以及将有关避孕的讨论纳入正式的入狱和出狱程序。
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引用次数: 0
The direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of confined youth. COVID-19 大流行对被禁闭青少年心理健康的直接和间接影响。
IF 3.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-024-00267-8
Lin Liu

The COVID-19 pandemic posed an unprecedented threat to the mental health of youth due to its attendant, drastic changes in everyday life brought about by restrictions such as social distancing and the cancelation of in-person classes. Although numerous articles have discussed the impact of the pandemic on youths' mental health, most of them have been opinion pieces. This study used state-wide empirical data to quantify the direct and indirect effect of the pandemic on the mental health of confined youth, a vulnerable social group that is rarely represented in school survey data. Group comparisons of youth who entered juvenile justice facilities during pandemic and non-pandemic times were also conducted. Findings revealed that youth who entered residential facilities during the pandemic due to criminal offenses had higher rates of prior mental health problems and victimization. With major confounders controlled, multivariate regression results showed that the impact of the pandemic on confined youths' mental health is indirect: it conditioned the effect of underage drinking on the youths' mental health. Youth who were admitted into facilities during the pandemic were more likely to experience mental health problems than their peers who entered facilities during non-pandemic times. Implications for policymaking are discussed.

COVID-19 大流行给青少年的心理健康带来了前所未有的威胁,因为它给日常生活带来了巨大的变化,如社交疏远和取消面授课程等限制。尽管有许多文章讨论了大流行病对青少年心理健康的影响,但大多数都是观点性文章。本研究利用全州范围内的经验数据来量化大流行病对被禁闭青少年心理健康的直接和间接影响。此外,还对大流行期间和非大流行期间进入少年司法机构的青少年进行了分组比较。研究结果表明,在大流行期间因刑事犯罪而进入少年犯管教所的青少年中,有心理健康问题和受害经历的比例较高。在控制了主要的混杂因素后,多元回归结果表明,大流行对被监禁青少年心理健康的影响是间接的:它制约了未成年人饮酒对青少年心理健康的影响。与非大流行期间进入监狱的青少年相比,大流行期间进入监狱的青少年更有可能出现心理健康问题。本文讨论了对政策制定的影响。
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Health and Justice
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