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2008 11th IEEE International Symposium on Object and Component-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC)最新文献

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Applicability of Web Service Technologies to Reach Real Time Capabilities Web服务技术在实现实时功能方面的适用性
Steffen Prüter, Guido Moritz, E. Zeeb, R. Salomon, F. Golatowski, D. Timmermann
Currently the developing process for enterprise applications is improved by the service oriented architecture (SOA) paradigms. With SOAs the creation of modular and clearly defined software architectures at a high grade of interoperability and reusability is possible. For resource- constraint networked devices the devices profile for Web services (DPWS) specification adapt the SOA paradigms to create a framework for interoperable and standardized communication between embedded devices. This paper explains how special parts of DPWS can be adapted to provide real-time capabilities. So this paper shows how developers of real-time software can use the advantages of Web services and which adaptations are necessary to create Web services with real-time capabilities.
目前,面向服务的体系结构(SOA)范例改进了企业应用程序的开发过程。有了soa,就有可能创建具有高度互操作性和可重用性的模块化和明确定义的软件体系结构。对于资源受限的网络设备,用于Web服务的设备概要(DPWS)规范采用SOA范例,为嵌入式设备之间的可互操作和标准化通信创建框架。本文解释了如何调整DPWS的特殊部分以提供实时功能。因此,本文展示了实时软件的开发人员如何利用Web服务的优势,以及创建具有实时功能的Web服务需要哪些调整。
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引用次数: 18
Towards a Framework for Explicit Platform-Based Transformations 面向明确的基于平台的转换框架
F. Thomas, J. Delatour, F. Terrier, S. Gérard
One promising solution for meeting the demands of constantly-evolving real-time embedded (RTE) software is the model-driven development (MDD) paradigm, based on the principle of separating the description of an application from its platform-specific implementation. Existing model-driven approaches strive to achieve this separation through dedicated model transformations which actually embed a given computing platform model. This is a major impediment for MDD dissemination in an industrial context. The resulting dearth of customizable transformations hampers description of reusable generative processes. We therefore propose to explicitly describe the targeted computing platforms in the design process. The main benefit expected from explicit platform models is a true separation of concerns that enables efficient, reusable and customizable generative processes. This proposal is strongly promoted by the new OMG (object management group) standard profile for modeling and analysis of real-time and embedded systems (MARTE), with its software multitasking platforms. In this paper, we first describe the MARTE feature and then propose a framework for integrating explicit platform descriptions into a model-based generative process.
满足不断发展的实时嵌入式(RTE)软件需求的一个有希望的解决方案是模型驱动开发(MDD)范例,它基于将应用程序的描述与其特定于平台的实现分离的原则。现有的模型驱动方法努力通过实际嵌入给定计算平台模型的专用模型转换来实现这种分离。这是在工业环境中传播MDD的主要障碍。由此导致的可定制转换的缺乏阻碍了对可重用生成过程的描述。因此,我们建议在设计过程中明确描述目标计算平台。期望从显式平台模型中获得的主要好处是真正的关注点分离,从而实现高效、可重用和可定制的生成过程。这一建议得到了新的OMG(对象管理组)实时和嵌入式系统(MARTE)建模和分析标准概要及其软件多任务平台的大力支持。在本文中,我们首先描述了MARTE特征,然后提出了一个将显式平台描述集成到基于模型的生成过程中的框架。
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引用次数: 28
Poly Harmonic Staggered Broadcasting Method for Efficient Video on Demand Service 高效视频点播服务的多谐交错广播方法
Sanghyuk Jung, Joohan Lee, Sungkown Park
Many research works have focused on developing multimedia applications such as video conferencing and video-on-demand (VoD). From this trend, we see that the VoD service will become the main issue in future. However, service providers don't efficiently provide VoD services for a great number of clients yet. One of the reasons is the high cost in providing VoD services. Because a multimedia service consumes wide bandwidth in spite of great advances of video compression, network bandwidth resource must significantly be spent to maintain multiple clients concurrently. To overcome this problem, we proposed a new transmission method using the broadcast, named as a poly harmonic staggered broadcasting (PHSB) method. The proposed method is an efficient transmission method that has a simple structure of the staggered broadcasting method and substantially improved bandwidth efficiency of the poly harmonic broadcasting method. The numerical results show that the viewer's waiting time of the PHSB method is close to the waiting time of the harmonic broadcasting method which theoretically has the best bandwidth efficiency. Furthermore, the maximum buffer requirements of this can be adapted by adjusting the short front part of a video size.
许多研究工作集中在开发多媒体应用,如视频会议和视频点播(VoD)。从这一趋势来看,视频点播服务将成为未来的主要问题。然而,服务提供商还没有有效地为大量客户提供视频点播服务。其中一个原因是提供视频点播服务的成本很高。尽管视频压缩技术已经取得了很大的进步,但多媒体业务仍然需要大量的带宽,同时维护多个客户端需要耗费大量的网络带宽资源。为了克服这个问题,我们提出了一种新的广播传输方法,称为多谐交错广播(PHSB)方法。所提出的方法是一种高效的传输方法,它具有交错广播方法的简单结构,并大大提高了多谐广播方法的带宽效率。数值计算结果表明,PHSB方法的观众等待时间接近谐波广播方法的等待时间,谐波广播方法在理论上具有最佳的带宽效率。此外,可以通过调整视频大小的短前部分来适应最大缓冲区需求。
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引用次数: 2
Scenario Based Evaluation 基于场景的评估
N. Looker, D. Webster, D. Russell, Jie Xu
The concept of a scenario has long been utilized in military procurement as a means of evaluating capability in an operational context. With the advent of initiatives such as the USA Department of Defence's Network-Centric Operations and the UK Ministry of Defence's Network Enabled Capability, research into the application of service-oriented architectures (SOA) as a means of delivering capability is being undertaken. A promising output of this research is the definition of scenario based evaluation models that can be applied to SOA. This paper examines the application of a military scenario framework to more conventional software evaluation situations by means of case studies. This demonstrates that similar techniques can be used in their construction and thus provides a basis for the application of scenario based evaluation models in future research.
长期以来,军事采购一直使用假想概念,作为评估作战能力的一种手段。随着诸如美国国防部的网络中心作战和英国国防部的网络启用能力等计划的出现,面向服务的体系结构(SOA)作为交付能力的一种手段的应用研究正在进行中。这项研究的一个有希望的成果是定义了可应用于SOA的基于场景的评估模型。本文通过案例研究的方式探讨了军事场景框架在更传统的软件评估情境中的应用。这表明,类似的技术可以用于它们的构建,从而为基于场景的评估模型在未来研究中的应用提供了基础。
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引用次数: 9
A Flexible Trust Model for Distributed Service Infrastructures 分布式服务基础设施的灵活信任模型
Zhaoyu Liu, S. Yau, Dichao Peng, Yin Yin
Recent years have witnessed the emergence and rapid growth of distributed service infrastructures such as mobile ad hoc networks, P2P, PlanetLab and Grids. In such distributed infrastructures, an entity needs to utilize the services provided by other entities or the infrastructures, where trust is an important factor. There exists a gap between current trust research focusing limitedly on specific applications and a systematic, adaptable and customizable trust framework. The first limitation of current research is the lack of characterizing service-specific trust features. The second limitation lies in the restricted evaluation formulae of trust values. The trust value formulae are usually drawn from a particular mathematical model and may not satisfy some desirable properties. The third limitation is the lack of flexibility and adaptability of trust models. In this paper a comprehensive trust model is presented to address these limitations and provide a trust-based environment for distributed service infrastructures. Our simulation results demonstrate the robustness of the trust model against various attacks.
近年来,分布式服务基础设施(如移动自组织网络、P2P、PlanetLab和网格)的出现和快速增长。在这种分布式基础设施中,一个实体需要利用其他实体或基础设施提供的服务,其中信任是一个重要因素。当前的信任研究局限于具体应用,与系统的、可适应的、可定制的信任框架存在差距。当前研究的第一个限制是缺乏对特定于服务的信任特征的描述。第二个缺陷在于信任价值的评价公式的局限性。信任值公式通常是从特定的数学模型中得出的,并且可能不满足某些期望的性质。第三个限制是信任模型缺乏灵活性和适应性。本文提出了一个全面的信任模型来解决这些限制,并为分布式服务基础设施提供了一个基于信任的环境。仿真结果证明了该信任模型对各种攻击的鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 36
Software Behavior Description of Real-Time Embedded Systems in Component Based Software Development 基于组件的实时嵌入式系统软件行为描述
Ji Eun Kim, Rahul Kapoor, Martin Herrmann, J. Härdtlein, Franz Grzeschniok, P. Lutz
Component based software development (CBSD) has been established in the development of automotive real-time embedded applications at Bosch. CBSD together with software product line (SPL) practice has improved software reuse, productivity, quality and complexity management, by raising the level of abstraction for software constructions and by sharing services. Although CBSD has contributed to the aforementioned improvement in the software development practice, the existing Bosch component model often requires software developers to take a close look at the implementation including models (e.g., ASCET-MD ) and even complex source code to understand software behavior and dependencies when reusing and adapting software components. This hinders the realization of the full benefits of CBSD, as the available information on the component level does not sufficiently describe important aspects of software behavior. This paper presents the concepts and case studies of 'signal flows' and 'mode dependent signal flows', which provide crucial software behavior information for real time embedded systems at the component level.
基于组件的软件开发(CBSD)已经在博世的汽车实时嵌入式应用开发中建立起来。CBSD与软件产品线(SPL)实践一起,通过提高软件构造的抽象层次和共享服务,改进了软件重用、生产力、质量和复杂性管理。尽管CBSD对前面提到的软件开发实践中的改进做出了贡献,但是现有的Bosch组件模型通常要求软件开发人员在重用和调整软件组件时仔细查看实现,包括模型(例如,ASCET-MD),甚至复杂的源代码,以了解软件行为和依赖关系。这阻碍了实现CBSD的全部好处,因为组件级别上的可用信息不能充分描述软件行为的重要方面。本文介绍了“信号流”和“模式相关信号流”的概念和案例研究,它们为实时嵌入式系统在组件级别提供了关键的软件行为信息。
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引用次数: 14
An Infrastructure for Hardware-Software Co-Design of Embedded Real-Time Java Applications 嵌入式实时Java应用软硬件协同设计的基础架构
Elias Teodoro da Silva, D. Andrews, C. Pereira, F. Wagner
The partitioning of applications into hardware and software is an important issue in embedded systems, opening room for high level specifications as well as the exploration of different implementation strategies. This paper presents a software architecture to specify threads in hardware in the context of the real time specification for Java (RTSJ) standard. There is a Java class that encapsulates hardware components, providing an abstraction layer to the application developer. Below this Java class, a wrapper hardware component provides a standard interface between RTSJ-based software components and the hardware that implements the thread behavior. This approach provides a high flexibility in choosing either a hardware or software implementation, allowing to postpone hardware/software partitioning to the very end of system development. The paper includes some quantitative data from an example containing hardware and software threads. While both implementations are compatible with the rest of the application from an interface point- of-view, they lead to very different timing and area results.
将应用程序划分为硬件和软件是嵌入式系统中的一个重要问题,它为高级规范和探索不同的实现策略开辟了空间。本文提出了一种基于Java实时规范(RTSJ)标准的硬件线程指定软件体系结构。有一个Java类封装硬件组件,为应用程序开发人员提供抽象层。在这个Java类的下面,包装器硬件组件提供了基于rtsj的软件组件和实现线程行为的硬件之间的标准接口。这种方法在选择硬件或软件实现方面提供了高度的灵活性,允许将硬件/软件分区推迟到系统开发的最后阶段。本文从一个包含硬件线程和软件线程的实例中提供了一些定量数据。虽然从接口的角度来看,这两种实现都与应用程序的其余部分兼容,但它们会导致非常不同的时间和面积结果。
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引用次数: 12
An Efficient Task Serializer for Hard Real-Time TMO Systems 硬实时TMO系统的高效任务序列化器
Hyun-Joo Kim, Jung-Guk Kim, Chun-Hyon Chang, Sunyoung Han, Shin Hue
Timeliness-guaranteed computing considering the worst case can hardly be accomplished at run time because of the uncertainty caused by resource sharing, asynchronous events and conflicting timing constraints between tasks. An easier way to reach it is to do some off-line analysis from design time with predictable characteristics of tasks. The TMO model supporting time-triggered (SpM) and message-triggered (SvM) member-threads is a well-known real-time object-oriented task model that aims the design-time guaranteed computing. In this paper, a new efficient task serializer that allocates the executions of time-triggered periodic tasks of multiple TMOs without delay and preemption to avoid resource conflicts is presented. The serializer tries to find scheduling scenarios in that each SpM is executed at its exact trigger-time without delay based on the given WCET. This is done by recasting the initial offsets of SpMs to avoid overlaps of executions. And several methods to handle SvMs according to the types of SvMs using the serializer are also proposed.
由于资源共享、异步事件和任务之间冲突的时间约束所导致的不确定性,考虑到最坏情况的时效性保证计算很难在运行时完成。实现这一目标的一种更简单的方法是,从设计时就使用可预测的任务特征进行离线分析。支持时间触发(SpM)和消息触发(SvM)成员线程的TMO模型是一种著名的面向对象的实时任务模型,其目标是保证设计时的计算。本文提出了一种新的高效任务序列化器,它可以无延迟和抢占地分配多个tmo的时间触发周期任务的执行,以避免资源冲突。序列化程序试图找到调度方案,其中每个SpM都在其确切的触发时间执行,没有基于给定WCET的延迟。这是通过重铸spm的初始偏移量来实现的,以避免执行的重叠。根据使用序列化器的支持向量机的类型,提出了几种处理支持向量机的方法。
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引用次数: 6
A Methodology for Performance Modeling of Distributed Event-Based Systems 分布式事件系统的性能建模方法
Samuel Kounev, Kai Sachs, J. Bacon, A. Buchmann
Distributed event-based systems (DEBS) are gaining increasing attention in new application areas such as transport information monitoring, event-driven supply-chain management and ubiquitous sensor-rich environments. However, as DEBS increasingly enter the enterprise and commercial domains, performance and quality of service issues are becoming a major concern. While numerous approaches to performance modeling and evaluation of conventional request/reply-based distributed systems are available in the literature, no general approach exists for DEBS. This paper is the first to provide a comprehensive methodology for workload characterization and performance modeling of DEBS. A workload model of a generic DEBS is developed and operational analysis techniques are used to characterize the system traffic and derive an approximation for the mean event delivery latency. Following this, a modeling technique is presented that can be used for accurate performance prediction. The paper is concluded with a case study of a real life system demonstrating the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed approach.
分布式事件系统(DEBS)在运输信息监控、事件驱动的供应链管理和无处不在的传感器丰富环境等新应用领域受到越来越多的关注。然而,随着DEBS越来越多地进入企业和商业领域,性能和服务质量问题正成为一个主要问题。虽然文献中有许多方法可以用于传统的基于请求/应答的分布式系统的性能建模和评估,但没有针对DEBS的通用方法。本文首次为DEBS的工作负载表征和性能建模提供了全面的方法。开发了通用DEBS的工作负载模型,并使用操作分析技术来描述系统流量并得出平均事件交付延迟的近似值。随后,提出了一种建模技术,可用于准确的性能预测。最后以一个实际系统为例,验证了该方法的有效性和实用性。
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引用次数: 48
A Real-Time Java Component Model 实时Java组件模型
Ales Plsek, Philippe Merle, L. Seinturier
The real-time specification for Java (RTSJ) is becoming a popular choice in the world of real-time programming. However, the complexities introduced by RTSJ bring the needs for an extensive framework comprising all the aspects of RTSJ development. As the first contribution of this paper, we present a real-time component model directly fitting the needs of RTSJ. Our motivation is to clearly separate real-time and business concerns of applications. We further argue that the RTSJ concerns need to be considered at early stages of architecture design in order to mitigate the complexities of the implementation phase. Therefore, as our second contribution, we propose a design process introducing gradually RTSJ concepts into the architecture. We are thus able to alleviate the development of real-time systems and to tailor them for different real-time conditions. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility of our solution on an example scenario.
Java实时规范(RTSJ)正在成为实时编程领域的流行选择。然而,RTSJ引入的复杂性带来了对包含RTSJ开发所有方面的广泛框架的需求。作为本文的第一个贡献,我们提出了一个直接符合RTSJ需求的实时组件模型。我们的动机是清楚地分离应用程序的实时关注点和业务关注点。我们进一步认为,RTSJ问题需要在架构设计的早期阶段考虑,以减轻实现阶段的复杂性。因此,作为我们的第二个贡献,我们提出了一个逐步将RTSJ概念引入体系结构的设计过程。因此,我们能够减轻实时系统的开发,并根据不同的实时条件定制它们。最后,我们在一个示例场景中演示了我们的解决方案的可行性。
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引用次数: 16
期刊
2008 11th IEEE International Symposium on Object and Component-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC)
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