Leslie J. Verteramo Chiu, L. Tauer, R. Smith, T. Yrjo, Grohn
Welfare costs of a potential food shock were estimated by disseminating information to milk drinkers on the prevalence of Mycobacterium avium sub. paratuberculosis (MAP) in the U.S. milk supply, its potential linkage to Crohn’s disease in humans, and subsequent government intervention to minimize MAP in the milk supply. We found that 19.6% of milk consumers exposed to MAP information would stop milk consumption at current market prices, and that only 5% of those would return to their original milk consumption levels after the government intervention. Societal costs of the food shock after the intervention were estimated at $18.2 billion.
{"title":"Economic Effects of a Potential Foodborne Disease: Potential Relationship between Mycobacterium Avium Subs. Paratuberculosis (MAP) in Dairy and Crohn’s in Humans","authors":"Leslie J. Verteramo Chiu, L. Tauer, R. Smith, T. Yrjo, Grohn","doi":"10.18461/IJFSD.V11I5.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18461/IJFSD.V11I5.69","url":null,"abstract":"Welfare costs of a potential food shock were estimated by disseminating information to milk drinkers on the prevalence of Mycobacterium avium sub. paratuberculosis (MAP) in the U.S. milk supply, its potential linkage to Crohn’s disease in humans, and subsequent government intervention to minimize MAP in the milk supply. We found that 19.6% of milk consumers exposed to MAP information would stop milk consumption at current market prices, and that only 5% of those would return to their original milk consumption levels after the government intervention. Societal costs of the food shock after the intervention were estimated at $18.2 billion.","PeriodicalId":37887,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Food System Dynamics","volume":"11 1","pages":"482-502"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43932130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Mukhovi, J. Jacobi, C. I. Speranza, S. Rist, B. Kiteme
This article presents empirical results on learning and adaptation to risks among different groups of actors in food systems in two countries of the global south (Kenya and Bolivia). Using a resilience approach, the study sought to assess knowledge about risks perceived by actors, forms of learning that actors in food systems have access to and use, and how this knowledge and learning has contributed to adaptation and resilience build ing. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, farmer meetings, workshops, and participant observation. The target population was different groups of actors in agroindustrial food systems in both countries, a regional food system in Kenya and an agroecological food system in Bolivia. The results show that knowledge on threats came from the actors’ experience and interaction with external actors. The main risks identified in Kenya and Bolivia included climate change impacts – particularly extreme climatic events (floods and droughts) –, price fluctuation of food products, declining soil fertility, deforestation, and –in Kenya– human-wildlife conflicts, and conflicts between actors over resource use. The most important forms of learning were experiential learning through demonstration farms, social learning exemplified in group approaches, and learning at individual levels through information exchange between farmers and external actors such as extension personnel, research organisations and non-governmental organisations. There is potential to enhance adaptation strategies whose knowledge has been acquired over the years, to build resilient food systems necessary for dealing with current and future shocks and stress.
{"title":"Learning and Adaptation in Food Systems: Insights from Four Case Studies in the Global South","authors":"S. Mukhovi, J. Jacobi, C. I. Speranza, S. Rist, B. Kiteme","doi":"10.18461/IJFSD.V11I4.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18461/IJFSD.V11I4.57","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents empirical results on learning and adaptation to risks among different groups of actors in food systems in two countries of the global south (Kenya and Bolivia). Using a resilience approach, the study sought to assess knowledge about risks perceived by actors, forms of learning that actors in food systems have access to and use, and how this knowledge and learning has contributed to adaptation and resilience build ing. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, farmer meetings, workshops, and participant observation. The target population was different groups of actors in agroindustrial food systems in both countries, a regional food system in Kenya and an agroecological food system in Bolivia. The results show that knowledge on threats came from the actors’ experience and interaction with external actors. The main risks identified in Kenya and Bolivia included climate change impacts – particularly extreme climatic events (floods and droughts) –, price fluctuation of food products, declining soil fertility, deforestation, and –in Kenya– human-wildlife conflicts, and conflicts between actors over resource use. The most important forms of learning were experiential learning through demonstration farms, social learning exemplified in group approaches, and learning at individual levels through information exchange between farmers and external actors such as extension personnel, research organisations and non-governmental organisations. There is potential to enhance adaptation strategies whose knowledge has been acquired over the years, to build resilient food systems necessary for dealing with current and future shocks and stress.","PeriodicalId":37887,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Food System Dynamics","volume":"11 1","pages":"312-328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48783888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
According to the World Health Organization a diet high in vegetables may reduce the risk of coronary heart diseases, stroke, and certain types of cancer. In addition, vegetables have lower carbon footprints than most other foods. The main objective in this paper is to find drivers behind vegetable consumption, with emphasis on health and environmental motivation. We used the theory of planned behavior together with direct acyclic graphs as a theoretical basis. The empirical analysis applied the graded response model and bounded beta regression with survey data from 2019. The main results show that health attitude is a stronger motivator for vegetable consumption than environmental attitudes.
{"title":"Motivations for Sustainable Consumption: The Case of Vegetables","authors":"G. W. Gustavsen","doi":"10.18461/IJFSD.V11I4.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18461/IJFSD.V11I4.58","url":null,"abstract":"According to the World Health Organization a diet high in vegetables may reduce the risk of coronary heart diseases, stroke, and certain types of cancer. In addition, vegetables have lower carbon footprints than most other foods. The main objective in this paper is to find drivers behind vegetable consumption, with emphasis on health and environmental motivation. We used the theory of planned behavior together with direct acyclic graphs as a theoretical basis. The empirical analysis applied the graded response model and bounded beta regression with survey data from 2019. The main results show that health attitude is a stronger motivator for vegetable consumption than environmental attitudes.","PeriodicalId":37887,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Food System Dynamics","volume":"11 1","pages":"329-339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48510979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Meixner, Nicolina Eleonora Kolmhofer, Felix Katt
In times of increasing environmental awareness, the topic of food waste receives a lot of attention from practitioners and scholars alike. In this study, we analyze how well-informed Austrian consumers regard food waste and what factors might influence this knowledge. In a consumer survey (n = 470), we examined consumer food and food handling knowledge, cooking skills, place of residence, personal ties to agriculture, engagement in initiatives against food waste, and their effect on food waste knowledge. To understand what effect social desirability might have on participants’ answers, we administered the survey in both online and face-to-face settings. Amongst others, our findings suggest a positive relationship between knowledge about food and food handling and knowledge about food waste prevention as well as a social desirability bias in reporting one’s own knowledge about food waste prevention. We could not find a statistically significant relationship between food and food handling knowledge, and food waste knowledge. Furthermore, we did not find evidence that a personal connection to agriculture or a rural place of residence leads to better food waste knowledge. Finally, the unexpected influence of cooking skills is at least surprising to a certain extent. We conclude this study by outlining potential areas for future research as well as managerial implications.
{"title":"Consumers’ Food Waste Knowledge in Austria","authors":"O. Meixner, Nicolina Eleonora Kolmhofer, Felix Katt","doi":"10.18461/IJFSD.V11I4.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18461/IJFSD.V11I4.63","url":null,"abstract":"In times of increasing environmental awareness, the topic of food waste receives a lot of attention from practitioners and scholars alike. In this study, we analyze how well-informed Austrian consumers regard food waste and what factors might influence this knowledge. In a consumer survey (n = 470), we examined consumer food and food handling knowledge, cooking skills, place of residence, personal ties to agriculture, engagement in initiatives against food waste, and their effect on food waste knowledge. To understand what effect social desirability might have on participants’ answers, we administered the survey in both online and face-to-face settings. Amongst others, our findings suggest a positive relationship between knowledge about food and food handling and knowledge about food waste prevention as well as a social desirability bias in reporting one’s own knowledge about food waste prevention. We could not find a statistically significant relationship between food and food handling knowledge, and food waste knowledge. Furthermore, we did not find evidence that a personal connection to agriculture or a rural place of residence leads to better food waste knowledge. Finally, the unexpected influence of cooking skills is at least surprising to a certain extent. We conclude this study by outlining potential areas for future research as well as managerial implications.","PeriodicalId":37887,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Food System Dynamics","volume":"11 1","pages":"402-412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67720654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study deals with the consumers' perceived risk and its determinants for fresh tomatoes in Albania. Survey data are analyzed using ordered logistic regression.Consumers associate a high level of benefits with the consumption of fresh tomatoes but have severe doubts about food safety and rate the average level of food safety risk as high as 6.66 on a scale from 0 to 10.Consumers' knowledge of food safety, their perceptions about the reliability of food safety information, the government's ability to ensure safety, negative experiences with tomato consumption, consumer age, and family size are key determinants of perceived food risk, while gender, education, and income did not prove to be significant. The results provide the basis for appropriate actions by government and food system actors in improving food safety and consumers‘ trust in food safety assurance.
{"title":"Factors Influencing Consumers’ Perceptions of Safety Risk of Fresh Domestic Tomato in Albania-a Multinomial Econometric Approach","authors":"Myslym Osmani, R. Keco, A. Kambo, Ilir Tomorri","doi":"10.18461/IJFSD.V11I4.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18461/IJFSD.V11I4.62","url":null,"abstract":"This study deals with the consumers' perceived risk and its determinants for fresh tomatoes in Albania. Survey data are analyzed using ordered logistic regression.Consumers associate a high level of benefits with the consumption of fresh tomatoes but have severe doubts about food safety and rate the average level of food safety risk as high as 6.66 on a scale from 0 to 10.Consumers' knowledge of food safety, their perceptions about the reliability of food safety information, the government's ability to ensure safety, negative experiences with tomato consumption, consumer age, and family size are key determinants of perceived food risk, while gender, education, and income did not prove to be significant. The results provide the basis for appropriate actions by government and food system actors in improving food safety and consumers‘ trust in food safety assurance.","PeriodicalId":37887,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Food System Dynamics","volume":"11 1","pages":"387-401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48841589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ernaning Widiaswanti, P. Pratikto, C. Cahyani, I. Tama
Cananga essential oil is a type of oil extracted by distillation from freshly-picked cananga flowers. Cananga oil is of a high economic value for its use as fragrances and flavors. In Indonesia, cananga essential oil is majorly produced by small and medium distillers. The most prominent barrier to cananga essential oil production in Indonesia is the fluctuation in its price. This price fluctuation is responsible for the decrease in profits earned by distillers. The aim of this research was to develop a system dynamics model to maximize profits in the cananga essential oil production in Indonesia. A system dynamics approach was employed to figure out the effect of some variables on cananga essential oil production in relation to profits and the interaction of such variables with each other. The scenarios examined in this system dynamics model include to increase the number of distillers, to decrease the fuel expenses, and a combination of both. This research assumed that a change in parameter will be able to increase profits from the cananga essential oil production in Indonesia over the next five years. The results show that increasing the number of distillers and decreasing the fuel expenses have been able to increase cananga essential oil production average by 20% and profits by 62%.
{"title":"A Profit Analysis of Indonesia’s Cananga Essential Oil Production Using System Dynamics","authors":"Ernaning Widiaswanti, P. Pratikto, C. Cahyani, I. Tama","doi":"10.18461/IJFSD.V11I4.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18461/IJFSD.V11I4.61","url":null,"abstract":"Cananga essential oil is a type of oil extracted by distillation from freshly-picked cananga flowers. Cananga oil is of a high economic value for its use as fragrances and flavors. In Indonesia, cananga essential oil is majorly produced by small and medium distillers. The most prominent barrier to cananga essential oil production in Indonesia is the fluctuation in its price. This price fluctuation is responsible for the decrease in profits earned by distillers. The aim of this research was to develop a system dynamics model to maximize profits in the cananga essential oil production in Indonesia. A system dynamics approach was employed to figure out the effect of some variables on cananga essential oil production in relation to profits and the interaction of such variables with each other. The scenarios examined in this system dynamics model include to increase the number of distillers, to decrease the fuel expenses, and a combination of both. This research assumed that a change in parameter will be able to increase profits from the cananga essential oil production in Indonesia over the next five years. The results show that increasing the number of distillers and decreasing the fuel expenses have been able to increase cananga essential oil production average by 20% and profits by 62%.","PeriodicalId":37887,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Food System Dynamics","volume":"11 1","pages":"377-386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47772111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Development of new malting barley varieties depends crucially on value chain acceptance. A case study analysis of the adoption of new varieties in malting barley value chains in Canada and the United Kingdom (UK) indicates that openness in value chains is a major contributing factor to a faster adoption rate for new varieties, even if firms conduct R&D in-house. Drawing upon the open innovation literature, this paper applies four degrees of openness framework across two dimensions: a firm's level of openness in innovation strategy, and its degree of openness with the rest of the industry.
{"title":"Openness in Malting Barley Value Chains: The Case of Adoption of new Varieties in Canada and the United Kingdom","authors":"Tetiana Zmazhenko, J. Hobbs, E. Micheels","doi":"10.18461/IJFSD.V11I4.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18461/IJFSD.V11I4.59","url":null,"abstract":"Development of new malting barley varieties depends crucially on value chain acceptance. A case study analysis of the adoption of new varieties in malting barley value chains in Canada and the United Kingdom (UK) indicates that openness in value chains is a major contributing factor to a faster adoption rate for new varieties, even if firms conduct R&D in-house. Drawing upon the open innovation literature, this paper applies four degrees of openness framework across two dimensions: a firm's level of openness in innovation strategy, and its degree of openness with the rest of the industry.","PeriodicalId":37887,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Food System Dynamics","volume":"11 1","pages":"340-359"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42627000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Niavis, Leonidas-Sotirios Kyrgiakos, C. Kleisiari, G. Vlontzos
The present paper develops a framework for modeling and explaining the decisions of farmers for realizing investments aimed at improving the operation of their holdings. The empirical analysis is conducted in Greece on 777 farmers of arable and orchard crops. The results prioritize the significance of farmers’ research engagement and information collection and show that there is a systematic difference between the realized investments between arable crops and orchard farmers, as the latter seem to invest more in their holdings. Finally, the paper ends up with a clustering exercise, in order to distinguish three groups of farmers which could be used as a means for shaping more tailored policy initiatives.
{"title":"What Drives Farmers’ Decisions to Invest? The Role of Research Engagement, Information Collection and Type of Farm","authors":"S. Niavis, Leonidas-Sotirios Kyrgiakos, C. Kleisiari, G. Vlontzos","doi":"10.18461/IJFSD.V11I3.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18461/IJFSD.V11I3.52","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper develops a framework for modeling and explaining the decisions of farmers for realizing investments aimed at improving the operation of their holdings. The empirical analysis is conducted in Greece on 777 farmers of arable and orchard crops. The results prioritize the significance of farmers’ research engagement and information collection and show that there is a systematic difference between the realized investments between arable crops and orchard farmers, as the latter seem to invest more in their holdings. Finally, the paper ends up with a clustering exercise, in order to distinguish three groups of farmers which could be used as a means for shaping more tailored policy initiatives.","PeriodicalId":37887,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Food System Dynamics","volume":"11 1","pages":"241-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48907912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. E. Morales, G. Griffith, E. Fleming, S. Mounter, V. Wright, W. Umberger
Concerns over livestock production practices have resulted in increased consumer preferences for certified products. Australian beef buyers’ survey data revealed the preferences of consumers who would buy differentiated beef based on animal welfare, safety, health, or environmental-friendly considerations. Female respondents are more likely to buy certified animal welfare products. Buyers with children, and those who value branded beef, are more likely to buy products differentiated by a bundle of credence attributes. Given that Australian beef consumers eat similar amounts, there are opportunities for differentiating beef products according to credence attributes and offering them in a range of retailers.
{"title":"Preferences for Certified Beef with Animal Welfare and Other Credence Attributes in Australia","authors":"L. E. Morales, G. Griffith, E. Fleming, S. Mounter, V. Wright, W. Umberger","doi":"10.18461/IJFSD.V11I3.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18461/IJFSD.V11I3.50","url":null,"abstract":"Concerns over livestock production practices have resulted in increased consumer preferences for certified products. Australian beef buyers’ survey data revealed the preferences of consumers who would buy differentiated beef based on animal welfare, safety, health, or environmental-friendly considerations. Female respondents are more likely to buy certified animal welfare products. Buyers with children, and those who value branded beef, are more likely to buy products differentiated by a bundle of credence attributes. Given that Australian beef consumers eat similar amounts, there are opportunities for differentiating beef products according to credence attributes and offering them in a range of retailers.","PeriodicalId":37887,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Food System Dynamics","volume":"11 1","pages":"202-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67720508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using the 2016 Canada EU Trade Agreement as context, we develop a systems dynamics model to assess changes in the cost of production from a production system oriented toward the North American market where growth enhancing products are allowed, to a European market where these production practices are banned. We outline four different compliance scenarios and use data from western Canadian institutions to estimate how the cost of production for cow-calf producers changes in the different compliance scenarios. We find that compliance costs ranged from $2.13 per head for those firms who already had forgone growth enhancing products and were maintaining detailed records to $34.78 per head for farms who were least compliant with EU standards.
{"title":"Differences in Production Costs Across Compliance Scenarios for Canadian Cow-Calf Producers Accessing the EU Market","authors":"Mandy L. Gabruch, E. Micheels","doi":"10.18461/IJFSD.V11I3.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18461/IJFSD.V11I3.51","url":null,"abstract":"Using the 2016 Canada EU Trade Agreement as context, we develop a systems dynamics model to assess changes in the cost of production from a production system oriented toward the North American market where growth enhancing products are allowed, to a European market where these production practices are banned. We outline four different compliance scenarios and use data from western Canadian institutions to estimate how the cost of production for cow-calf producers changes in the different compliance scenarios. We find that compliance costs ranged from $2.13 per head for those firms who already had forgone growth enhancing products and were maintaining detailed records to $34.78 per head for farms who were least compliant with EU standards.","PeriodicalId":37887,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Food System Dynamics","volume":"11 1","pages":"221-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45200761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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