This exploratory study seeks to advance the research on consumers’ preference for organic food eating by investigating the potential association between organic food consumption (OC) frequency and the individual risk attitude. Moreover, inspired by the literature, we investigate also the association between OC and the perceived OC related health improvement (i.e. the avoidance of health risks), subjective trust toward the certification, social norms and several lifestyle factors. Based on a direct survey of 223 Italian college students, a lottery task was used to characterize the individual risk attitude and a simultaneous equation model was estimated. This study marks a beginning by showing a significant relationship between being risk averse and a high organic food eating, offering a hint for future research avenues in the organic domain.
{"title":"Exploring the Interplay of Risk Attitude and Organic Food Consumption","authors":"E. Giampietri, Giuseppe Bugin, S. Trestini","doi":"10.18461/IJFSD.V11I3.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18461/IJFSD.V11I3.49","url":null,"abstract":"This exploratory study seeks to advance the research on consumers’ preference for organic food eating by investigating the potential association between organic food consumption (OC) frequency and the individual risk attitude. Moreover, inspired by the literature, we investigate also the association between OC and the perceived OC related health improvement (i.e. the avoidance of health risks), subjective trust toward the certification, social norms and several lifestyle factors. Based on a direct survey of 223 Italian college students, a lottery task was used to characterize the individual risk attitude and a simultaneous equation model was estimated. This study marks a beginning by showing a significant relationship between being risk averse and a high organic food eating, offering a hint for future research avenues in the organic domain.","PeriodicalId":37887,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Food System Dynamics","volume":"11 1","pages":"189-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44708798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study investigated the impact of climate change on yields of leading food crops in Nigeria and assessed the transmission channels of climate shocks to welfare. Long-run causality test, Markov-switching regression and Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) model were used. Long-run causality between climate change and crop yields was not rejected. A rise in temperature by 1% reduces crop yields by -0.12% in the regime of high yield while 1% increase in rainfall increases yields by 0.21% and 0.26%, respectively in high and low yield period. Shocks to welfare is traceable to climate change via crop yields and food prices effect.
{"title":"Effects of climate change on the long-run crops' yields in Nigeria.","authors":"S. Olakojo, Olaronke T. Onanuga","doi":"10.18461/IJFSD.V11I3.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18461/IJFSD.V11I3.54","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated the impact of climate change on yields of leading food crops in Nigeria and assessed the transmission channels of climate shocks to welfare. Long-run causality test, Markov-switching regression and Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) model were used. Long-run causality between climate change and crop yields was not rejected. A rise in temperature by 1% reduces crop yields by -0.12% in the regime of high yield while 1% increase in rainfall increases yields by 0.21% and 0.26%, respectively in high and low yield period. Shocks to welfare is traceable to climate change via crop yields and food prices effect.","PeriodicalId":37887,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Food System Dynamics","volume":"11 1","pages":"270-296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43059202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Albania, the agricultural sector is dominated to almost 60% by subsistence farming. Nevertheless, agriculture is one of the most important sectors of the economy, as it contributes to nearly 1/2 of employment in Albania and 1/5 to the GDP (ILO - International Labour Organisation, 2018). The government has applied different policies and instruments in collaboration with foreign associations (GIZ, FAO) to improve and further develop this sector by inviting farmers in new initiatives. Being part of an innovative organisation or being an innovative actor in terms of the role you play and functions you carry out in the value chain, are still considered as impasse by the majority of farmers in Albania. As a result, innovation and risk-taking are two factors that are contrary but strongly related to each other when it comes to the behaviour of Albanian farmers.
{"title":"Determining Factors that Affect Farming in the Albanian Milk Sector","authors":"Olta Sokoli, Illir Kapaj, R. Doluschitz","doi":"10.18461/IJFSD.V11I3.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18461/IJFSD.V11I3.53","url":null,"abstract":"In Albania, the agricultural sector is dominated to almost 60% by subsistence farming. Nevertheless, agriculture is one of the most important sectors of the economy, as it contributes to nearly 1/2 of employment in Albania and 1/5 to the GDP (ILO - International Labour Organisation, 2018). The government has applied different policies and instruments in collaboration with foreign associations (GIZ, FAO) to improve and further develop this sector by inviting farmers in new initiatives. Being part of an innovative organisation or being an innovative actor in terms of the role you play and functions you carry out in the value chain, are still considered as impasse by the majority of farmers in Albania. As a result, innovation and risk-taking are two factors that are contrary but strongly related to each other when it comes to the behaviour of Albanian farmers.","PeriodicalId":37887,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Food System Dynamics","volume":"11 1","pages":"258-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46552694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Low agricultural productivity remains one of the main factors influencing poverty and food insecurity among smallholder farmers in many developing countries. Among the key interventions assumed to influence agricultural productivity of smallholders is the provision of agricultural extension services to farmers. Access to agricultural extension however remains low in most developing countries thus slowing down agricultural productivity growth. This study therefore sought to determine the labor productivity effects of agricultural extension in northern Ghana using data from a cross-section of 300 smallholder farm households. The results of a binary probit model indicated that participation in agricultural extension increased with farming experience, farm size, access to irrigation and group membership but decreased with years of formal education and household size. Regression estimates of a labor productivity model revealed a positive and statistically significant relationship between agricultural extension and labor productivity. Also, labor productivity increased with farming experience, household income, access to irrigation, degree of specialization in production and the level of conventional inputs used per man-day of labor but decreased with participation in off-farm work. The authors recommend an increase in agricultural extension coverage to ensure that more farmers are reached with information on modern technologies to enhance their labor productivity. Furthermore, farmers need access to inputs such as seed and fertilizer to improve the productivity of labor.
{"title":"Participation in Agricultural Extension and Labor Productivity: A Case Study of Smallholder Farmers in Ghana","authors":"B. Anang, S. Ayambila","doi":"10.18461/IJFSD.V11I3.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18461/IJFSD.V11I3.55","url":null,"abstract":"Low agricultural productivity remains one of the main factors influencing poverty and food insecurity among smallholder farmers in many developing countries. Among the key interventions assumed to influence agricultural productivity of smallholders is the provision of agricultural extension services to farmers. Access to agricultural extension however remains low in most developing countries thus slowing down agricultural productivity growth. This study therefore sought to determine the labor productivity effects of agricultural extension in northern Ghana using data from a cross-section of 300 smallholder farm households. The results of a binary probit model indicated that participation in agricultural extension increased with farming experience, farm size, access to irrigation and group membership but decreased with years of formal education and household size. Regression estimates of a labor productivity model revealed a positive and statistically significant relationship between agricultural extension and labor productivity. Also, labor productivity increased with farming experience, household income, access to irrigation, degree of specialization in production and the level of conventional inputs used per man-day of labor but decreased with participation in off-farm work. The authors recommend an increase in agricultural extension coverage to ensure that more farmers are reached with information on modern technologies to enhance their labor productivity. Furthermore, farmers need access to inputs such as seed and fertilizer to improve the productivity of labor.","PeriodicalId":37887,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Food System Dynamics","volume":"11 1","pages":"297-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45918343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Oliver E. Williamson, a Brief Summary of his Life","authors":"S. Senesi, H. Palau","doi":"10.18461/IJFSD.V11I3.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18461/IJFSD.V11I3.56","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37887,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Food System Dynamics","volume":"11 1","pages":"307-311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44437912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mergenthaler, Bruno Kezeya Sepngang, W. Stauss, F. Muel
Meat alternatives from leguminous raw materials are expected to play an increasing role in human nutrition. The US Company Beyond Meat entered the EU retail market in the UK, the Netherlands and Germany with a pea-based vegan burger patty in 2019 which is seen as accelerating the trend towards plant-based meat alternatives in the EU. Pea protein isolate is the protein basis of the Beyond Meat burger patty. The raw material basis for the protein isolate can be assumed to be peas from the northern states of the US and from Canada. Additional global cultivation areas and additional general cultivation potential for peas are forecasted for the short to medium term. European peas may become increasingly used as raw materials in the future if the expected market growth evolves with a regional origin of the raw materials. This would result in additional sales potential for EU legume producers with growing cultivation areas. The aim of the present study is to estimate the prospective area of peas for pea-based meat alternatives in the EU within a simple model calculation. Various data sources were used to estimate the cultivation potential. In addition, plausible assumptions were made in case of unavailable data. To estimate future consumption shares, an expert panel was interviewed as part of the European joint project LegValue. Based on per capita consumption of animal meat, consumption volumes of pea-based meat alternatives were estimated. With a consumption share of 2 % for pea-based meat alternatives in the EU, the effects on the production volume and pea cultivation area remain relatively small. With an increased consumption share of pea-based meat alternatives of 12.5 % the pea cultivation area would rise to almost 100 % compared to the current cultivated area. By the third scenario with a consumption of 40 % pea-based meat, the cultivated area would triple. However, the additional share of the pea cultivation area in the total arable area in the EU would be only a small additional increase. Thus, increased pea cultivation would only have minor effects on competition for agricultural land. If pea-meat replaced animal meat, land used for animal feed production would become available.
{"title":"Prospective Cultivation Area of Field Peas Used in Animal Meat Substitutes in the EU","authors":"M. Mergenthaler, Bruno Kezeya Sepngang, W. Stauss, F. Muel","doi":"10.18461/IJFSD.V11I5.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18461/IJFSD.V11I5.66","url":null,"abstract":"Meat alternatives from leguminous raw materials are expected to play an increasing role in human nutrition. The US Company Beyond Meat entered the EU retail market in the UK, the Netherlands and Germany with a pea-based vegan burger patty in 2019 which is seen as accelerating the trend towards plant-based meat alternatives in the EU. Pea protein isolate is the protein basis of the Beyond Meat burger patty. The raw material basis for the protein isolate can be assumed to be peas from the northern states of the US and from Canada. Additional global cultivation areas and additional general cultivation potential for peas are forecasted for the short to medium term. European peas may become increasingly used as raw materials in the future if the expected market growth evolves with a regional origin of the raw materials. This would result in additional sales potential for EU legume producers with growing cultivation areas. The aim of the present study is to estimate the prospective area of peas for pea-based meat alternatives in the EU within a simple model calculation. Various data sources were used to estimate the cultivation potential. In addition, plausible assumptions were made in case of unavailable data. To estimate future consumption shares, an expert panel was interviewed as part of the European joint project LegValue. Based on per capita consumption of animal meat, consumption volumes of pea-based meat alternatives were estimated. With a consumption share of 2 % for pea-based meat alternatives in the EU, the effects on the production volume and pea cultivation area remain relatively small. With an increased consumption share of pea-based meat alternatives of 12.5 % the pea cultivation area would rise to almost 100 % compared to the current cultivated area. By the third scenario with a consumption of 40 % pea-based meat, the cultivated area would triple. However, the additional share of the pea cultivation area in the total arable area in the EU would be only a small additional increase. Thus, increased pea cultivation would only have minor effects on competition for agricultural land. If pea-meat replaced animal meat, land used for animal feed production would become available.","PeriodicalId":37887,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Food System Dynamics","volume":"11 1","pages":"441-450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43839950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The results of an ongoing evaluation process of EU subsidies of the European Rural Development Programme 2014-20 are presented (2nd intermediary report). By means of personal interviews of subsidised companies in the Austrian food and beverage sector, the impact of subsidies on profitability, competitiveness, and related variables are approximated. Data sources are, amongst others, conventional business data collected by personal face-to-face interviews, as well as financial statements of companies. The results show that subsidies in general have positive effects. In addition, two third of the sample would change their investments significantly or even refrain from investing at all without public support.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Economic Impacts of the European Rural Development Program in Austria","authors":"O. Meixner, Franz Schlögl, Manfred Pichlbauer","doi":"10.18461/IJFSD.V11I2.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18461/IJFSD.V11I2.42","url":null,"abstract":"The results of an ongoing evaluation process of EU subsidies of the European Rural Development Programme 2014-20 are presented (2nd intermediary report). By means of personal interviews of subsidised companies in the Austrian food and beverage sector, the impact of subsidies on profitability, competitiveness, and related variables are approximated. Data sources are, amongst others, conventional business data collected by personal face-to-face interviews, as well as financial statements of companies. The results show that subsidies in general have positive effects. In addition, two third of the sample would change their investments significantly or even refrain from investing at all without public support.","PeriodicalId":37887,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Food System Dynamics","volume":"11 1","pages":"88-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48623208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to identify behavioural differences between consumers who are driven by different sets of attitudes toward information related to food in their purchasing, including consumers who display rational behaviour. Although this study investigated “spill over” changes in attitude or behaviour (e.g. the use of information about food ingredients), the survey data were used to calculate the probability of behavioural differences between consumers. The survey involving 909 respondents from chosen Czech universities. Data were analysed by Multi Correspondence Analysis to investigate the association between several attitudes towards information on labelling, and consumer behaviour. In the second step, the ordered probit model probability of consumer behaviour was processed. There are two clusters of consumers: The first consumer segment was called “rationality involvement consumer”. They have a certain tendency to need to know what a product contains, the nutritional value of a product, and how to maintain the biological value of a product. The second consumer segment was called “non-rationality involvement consumer”. They have a certain tendency to not need to know what a product contains, the nutrition value of product, or how to maintain the biological value of a product.
{"title":"Behavioural Differences among Educated Young Consumers in the Czech Republic: The Case of Organic Cheese Consumption","authors":"R. Hrubá, T. Sadílek","doi":"10.18461/IJFSD.V11I2.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18461/IJFSD.V11I2.44","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to identify behavioural differences between consumers who are driven by different sets of attitudes toward information related to food in their purchasing, including consumers who display rational behaviour. Although this study investigated “spill over” changes in attitude or behaviour (e.g. the use of information about food ingredients), the survey data were used to calculate the probability of behavioural differences between consumers. The survey involving 909 respondents from chosen Czech universities. Data were analysed by Multi Correspondence Analysis to investigate the association between several attitudes towards information on labelling, and consumer behaviour. In the second step, the ordered probit model probability of consumer behaviour was processed. There are two clusters of consumers: The first consumer segment was called “rationality involvement consumer”. They have a certain tendency to need to know what a product contains, the nutritional value of a product, and how to maintain the biological value of a product. The second consumer segment was called “non-rationality involvement consumer”. They have a certain tendency to not need to know what a product contains, the nutrition value of product, or how to maintain the biological value of a product.","PeriodicalId":37887,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Food System Dynamics","volume":"11 1","pages":"117-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43296916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ubiquitous utilization of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has led the governments of various countries to use ICTs in public administration and social welfare initiatives. Direct use of e-governance technology by citizens in developing countries is hindered by lack of training, education and infrastructure. This makes it inevitable to employ intermediary users who can bridge this gap between technology use and beneficiaries. Analyzing the technology adoption behavior of intermediaries could help policy makers and designers of e-governance technologies to create devices, processes and training programs that target the factors that inhibit as well as encourage the use of ICTs among technology users. We study the effect of technology characteristics and users’ internal traits on technology satisfaction of intermediaries who are mandated by the government to use android tablets in order to provide efficient services to end-users in the Indian food security supply chain. We further translate the results into tangible recommendations in context of infrastructure, users’ traits, business performance, and technology and policy design. The research model proposes that certain technology characteristics (screen design, technology relevance and terminology) and users’ internal traits (resistance to change, technology anxiety, trust in internet and result demonstrability) influence their technology satisfaction, either directly or indirectly through UTAUT constructs. Results indicated that resistance to change, technology anxiety, trust in internet, screen design and terminology had an impact on ICT users’ technology adoption behavior. Result demonstrability and technology relevance were found to have no effect on technology satisfaction in case of mandatory use.
{"title":"User acceptance of new technology in mandatory adoption scenario for food distribution in India.","authors":"Varun Chhabra, P. Rajan, Shweta Chopra","doi":"10.18461/IJFSD.V11I2.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18461/IJFSD.V11I2.47","url":null,"abstract":"Ubiquitous utilization of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has led the governments of various countries to use ICTs in public administration and social welfare initiatives. Direct use of e-governance technology by citizens in developing countries is hindered by lack of training, education and infrastructure. This makes it inevitable to employ intermediary users who can bridge this gap between technology use and beneficiaries. Analyzing the technology adoption behavior of intermediaries could help policy makers and designers of e-governance technologies to create devices, processes and training programs that target the factors that inhibit as well as encourage the use of ICTs among technology users. We study the effect of technology characteristics and users’ internal traits on technology satisfaction of intermediaries who are mandated by the government to use android tablets in order to provide efficient services to end-users in the Indian food security supply chain. We further translate the results into tangible recommendations in context of infrastructure, users’ traits, business performance, and technology and policy design. The research model proposes that certain technology characteristics (screen design, technology relevance and terminology) and users’ internal traits (resistance to change, technology anxiety, trust in internet and result demonstrability) influence their technology satisfaction, either directly or indirectly through UTAUT constructs. Results indicated that resistance to change, technology anxiety, trust in internet, screen design and terminology had an impact on ICT users’ technology adoption behavior. Result demonstrability and technology relevance were found to have no effect on technology satisfaction in case of mandatory use.","PeriodicalId":37887,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Food System Dynamics","volume":"11 1","pages":"153-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47265218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is to depict the perception of consumers on the discount factor, future of food tech applications, tampering of family values, dine-out culture, technological anxiety and their impact on satisfaction behaviour. Millennials are the precedence audience for the online food aggregators. Generation X is different from other generations in perceiving discount factors. Future of food applications rely on the Discounts. Restaurant operators can focus on giving their customers an increased level of convenience and more discounts since these tend to be the reason for them to choose ordering food online. Optimisation is vital as increase in Technological anxiety increases the perceived future of food application and decreases the satisfaction behaviour.
{"title":"Changing paradigms of Indian foodtech landscape - impact of online food delivery aggregators.","authors":"M. Senthil, N. Gayathri, K. Chandrasekar","doi":"10.18461/IJFSD.V11I2.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18461/IJFSD.V11I2.46","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to depict the perception of consumers on the discount factor, future of food tech applications, tampering of family values, dine-out culture, technological anxiety and their impact on satisfaction behaviour. Millennials are the precedence audience for the online food aggregators. Generation X is different from other generations in perceiving discount factors. Future of food applications rely on the Discounts. Restaurant operators can focus on giving their customers an increased level of convenience and more discounts since these tend to be the reason for them to choose ordering food online. Optimisation is vital as increase in Technological anxiety increases the perceived future of food application and decreases the satisfaction behaviour.","PeriodicalId":37887,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Food System Dynamics","volume":"11 1","pages":"139-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45055310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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