Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17585716.2022.2054083
Melandri Vlok
{"title":"Bioarchaeology of Care Through a Population Level Analysis","authors":"Melandri Vlok","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2022.2054083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2022.2054083","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45569917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17585716.2022.2048564
R. Gowland
My work on sterilization and Puerto Rican women is a case study that illustrates the tension between the complexity of poor racialized women’s desire to control their fertility and the oppressive social conditions that shape and constrain their reproductive options. The primary questions my ethnographic research raises are: What constitutes choice and reproductive freedom in the context of poor women’s lives? In what ways are Puerto Rican women’s experiences similar and unique to other poor and racialized women who have been sterilized in the United States and the world? I draw upon my 25-year study to address these questions and conclude with some directions for reaching full reproductive freedom
{"title":"The Routledge Handbook of Anthropology and Reproduction","authors":"R. Gowland","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2022.2048564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2022.2048564","url":null,"abstract":"My work on sterilization and Puerto Rican women is a case study that illustrates the tension between the complexity of poor racialized women’s desire to control their fertility and the oppressive social conditions that shape and constrain their reproductive options. The primary questions my ethnographic research raises are: What constitutes choice and reproductive freedom in the context of poor women’s lives? In what ways are Puerto Rican women’s experiences similar and unique to other poor and racialized women who have been sterilized in the United States and the world? I draw upon my 25-year study to address these questions and conclude with some directions for reaching full reproductive freedom","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48196456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-09DOI: 10.1080/17585716.2021.1989213
Bożena Sieradzka-Baziur
ABSTRACT Janusz Korczak (1878?–1942), an outstanding Polish pedagogue, theoretician and practitioner, conducted systematic research on the language of children, as evidenced by their verbal statements and the description of nonverbal behaviour included in his pedagogical works. The article presents the results of the analysis of the most important pedagogical text by Janusz Korczak, i.e. How to Love a Child. The Child in a Family (1919) in which he descried how a child communicates with an adult (mainly mother) from birth until reaching adulthood – initially, among others, by shouting, vocalizing and then babbling, single words, and finally utterances, and all this to build a relationship with an adult who often does not understand the child’s speech and is not their ally in the process of communication. The article also discusses the polyphonic nature of the monograph of the great educator, in which the voice was mainly given to the child.
{"title":"Exploring the Verbal and Nonverbal Messages of Children Through Janusz Korczak’s Lens","authors":"Bożena Sieradzka-Baziur","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2021.1989213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2021.1989213","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Janusz Korczak (1878?–1942), an outstanding Polish pedagogue, theoretician and practitioner, conducted systematic research on the language of children, as evidenced by their verbal statements and the description of nonverbal behaviour included in his pedagogical works. The article presents the results of the analysis of the most important pedagogical text by Janusz Korczak, i.e. How to Love a Child. The Child in a Family (1919) in which he descried how a child communicates with an adult (mainly mother) from birth until reaching adulthood – initially, among others, by shouting, vocalizing and then babbling, single words, and finally utterances, and all this to build a relationship with an adult who often does not understand the child’s speech and is not their ally in the process of communication. The article also discusses the polyphonic nature of the monograph of the great educator, in which the voice was mainly given to the child.","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48351191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-08DOI: 10.1080/17585716.2021.1989212
T. Mitsui
ABSTRACT Until the mid-1960s, municipal areas were distinct in northern Japan’s Iwate Prefecture, and included the following: urban areas (Morioka), steel industrial areas (Kamaishi), rice granary areas, millet-producing areas, and fishery towns. The sub-optimal physiques of children in millet-producing areas was reported and was a known public health concern. This paper examines the historic physical growth of children in Iwate Prefecture between the mid-1950s and the mid-1970s using municipal statistics from the Iwate Prefectural Library. The heights and weights of children in Morioka, Kamaishi, and Ofunato (a large-scale fishery town) were greater than or comparable to the national average. In contrast, children in millet-producing areas were 3–5 cm shorter. Following improvements in medical care, hygiene, dietary habits, housing, and social infrastructure, the height of these children reached the national average, and excess body weight was observed in the mid-1970s.
{"title":"The Physical Growth of Children in Iwate Prefecture from the mid-1950s to the mid-1970s: A Literature Review","authors":"T. Mitsui","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2021.1989212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2021.1989212","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Until the mid-1960s, municipal areas were distinct in northern Japan’s Iwate Prefecture, and included the following: urban areas (Morioka), steel industrial areas (Kamaishi), rice granary areas, millet-producing areas, and fishery towns. The sub-optimal physiques of children in millet-producing areas was reported and was a known public health concern. This paper examines the historic physical growth of children in Iwate Prefecture between the mid-1950s and the mid-1970s using municipal statistics from the Iwate Prefectural Library. The heights and weights of children in Morioka, Kamaishi, and Ofunato (a large-scale fishery town) were greater than or comparable to the national average. In contrast, children in millet-producing areas were 3–5 cm shorter. Following improvements in medical care, hygiene, dietary habits, housing, and social infrastructure, the height of these children reached the national average, and excess body weight was observed in the mid-1970s.","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43372506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-08DOI: 10.1080/17585716.2021.1989211
C. King, R. Kinaston, A. M. Snoddy, H. Buckley, Peter Petchey, A. Millard, D. Gröcke
ABSTRACT Experiences of childhood in colonial New Zealand are difficult to reconstruct from the historical record alone. Many of those who came to the colony were illiterate, and the Victorian tendency to avoid discussion of pregnancy and breastfeeding practices restricts our understanding of this important period. Bioarchaeological investigation, however, has the potential to illuminate the life stories of these first-generation Pākehā (European) settlers. Here we use isotopic evidence combined with dental pathology from children interred in a historic cemetery from Otago, New Zealand, to examine colonial childhood. We show how weaning practices in the colony differ from those experienced by their emigrant parents, highlight periods of illness likely associated with the weaning process, and bring to light the potential problems caused by maternal Vitamin D deficiency in the colony.
{"title":"Childhood in Colonial Otago, New Zealand: Integrating Isotopic and Dental Evidence for Growth Disturbance and Oral Health","authors":"C. King, R. Kinaston, A. M. Snoddy, H. Buckley, Peter Petchey, A. Millard, D. Gröcke","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2021.1989211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2021.1989211","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Experiences of childhood in colonial New Zealand are difficult to reconstruct from the historical record alone. Many of those who came to the colony were illiterate, and the Victorian tendency to avoid discussion of pregnancy and breastfeeding practices restricts our understanding of this important period. Bioarchaeological investigation, however, has the potential to illuminate the life stories of these first-generation Pākehā (European) settlers. Here we use isotopic evidence combined with dental pathology from children interred in a historic cemetery from Otago, New Zealand, to examine colonial childhood. We show how weaning practices in the colony differ from those experienced by their emigrant parents, highlight periods of illness likely associated with the weaning process, and bring to light the potential problems caused by maternal Vitamin D deficiency in the colony.","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44217156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-07eCollection Date: 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/17585716.2021.1956051
Katharina Rebay-Salisbury, Julie Dunne, Roderick B Salisbury, Daniela Kern, Alexander Frisch, Richard P Evershed
Small ceramic vessels with spouts, from which liquid can be poured, became popular during the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages in Central Europe (c. 1200-600 BC). Such feeding vessels represent a functional type and are highly variable in size, shape and decoration. Found both on settlements and within graves, their association with child burials suggest they might have been used to feed babies and small children. Combined lipid and isotope analysis was performed on 24 of these feeding vessels, with seven delivering interpretable results. Feeding vessels associated with child burials tend to deliver a ruminant milk signal, whereas other vessels were used to process ruminant and non-ruminant adipose fats. Here, we highlight the potential significance of feeding vessels as indicators of changing childcare practices during times of population increase, settlement nucleation and mobility, possibly involving out-sourcing the feeding of babies and small children to persons other than the mother.
{"title":"Feeding Babies at the Beginnings of Urbanization in Central Europe.","authors":"Katharina Rebay-Salisbury, Julie Dunne, Roderick B Salisbury, Daniela Kern, Alexander Frisch, Richard P Evershed","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2021.1956051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2021.1956051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Small ceramic vessels with spouts, from which liquid can be poured, became popular during the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages in Central Europe (<i>c</i>. 1200-600 BC). Such feeding vessels represent a functional type and are highly variable in size, shape and decoration. Found both on settlements and within graves, their association with child burials suggest they might have been used to feed babies and small children. Combined lipid and isotope analysis was performed on 24 of these feeding vessels, with seven delivering interpretable results. Feeding vessels associated with child burials tend to deliver a ruminant milk signal, whereas other vessels were used to process ruminant and non-ruminant adipose fats. Here, we highlight the potential significance of feeding vessels as indicators of changing childcare practices during times of population increase, settlement nucleation and mobility, possibly involving out-sourcing the feeding of babies and small children to persons other than the mother.</p>","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d4/e3/YCIP_14_1956051.PMC8494274.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39502789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17585716.2021.1956053
Megan Southorn
{"title":"Patterns of Human Growth","authors":"Megan Southorn","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2021.1956053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2021.1956053","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47275661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17585716.2021.1956050
April Pudsey, V. Vuolanto
ABSTRACT The crucial roles played by young people in the lives of ancient urban and civic spaces has been underestimated in discussions of urban life. Through our case study in Roman Egypt, we scrutinize expectations placed on young people, the specific roles they would have taken in these environments, and their agency in shaping, and responding to, the expectations and demands placed on them by their physical and social environments. The discussion addresses three major themes: young people’s visibility and accessibility within the city scape; expectations placed on young people and their agency in responding to them; and the geographical and practical limits of movement for young people. The research is based on papyri from the Roman Egyptian metropolis of Oxyrhynchos and its administrative area, from late first century BCE to sixth century CE, and a resulting database of over 700 cases mentioning children and young people.
{"title":"Children’s Urban Environments in an Ancient City: Social and Physical Realities","authors":"April Pudsey, V. Vuolanto","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2021.1956050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2021.1956050","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The crucial roles played by young people in the lives of ancient urban and civic spaces has been underestimated in discussions of urban life. Through our case study in Roman Egypt, we scrutinize expectations placed on young people, the specific roles they would have taken in these environments, and their agency in shaping, and responding to, the expectations and demands placed on them by their physical and social environments. The discussion addresses three major themes: young people’s visibility and accessibility within the city scape; expectations placed on young people and their agency in responding to them; and the geographical and practical limits of movement for young people. The research is based on papyri from the Roman Egyptian metropolis of Oxyrhynchos and its administrative area, from late first century BCE to sixth century CE, and a resulting database of over 700 cases mentioning children and young people.","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44242333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17585716.2021.1956057
F. Coward, P. Howard-Jones
ABSTRACT Emerging understanding of the extent to which the childhood environment can influence long-term neural and cognitive development may justify greater attention to its role in prehistory. In this review, we attempt to identify a range of ways in which changes to the rearing environment might impact on cognitive function with the potential to modify processes of cultural transmission. We focus on the types of change to the infant environment that may arise when moving from mobile hunter-gather to more settled agrarian lifeways. We consider the evidence for such early environmental factors bringing about enduring effects on perceptual tuning, shared attention, behavioural regulation and observational learning, and how these might contribute to differences in processes of cultural transmission across lifeways. We conclude that the potential developmental significance of cultural changes to the infant environment suggests more attention should be paid by archaeologists to lines of evidence related to early childhood environments in prehistory.
{"title":"Exploring Environmental Influences on Infant Development and Their Potential Role in Processes of Cultural Transmission and Long-Term Technological Change","authors":"F. Coward, P. Howard-Jones","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2021.1956057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2021.1956057","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Emerging understanding of the extent to which the childhood environment can influence long-term neural and cognitive development may justify greater attention to its role in prehistory. In this review, we attempt to identify a range of ways in which changes to the rearing environment might impact on cognitive function with the potential to modify processes of cultural transmission. We focus on the types of change to the infant environment that may arise when moving from mobile hunter-gather to more settled agrarian lifeways. We consider the evidence for such early environmental factors bringing about enduring effects on perceptual tuning, shared attention, behavioural regulation and observational learning, and how these might contribute to differences in processes of cultural transmission across lifeways. We conclude that the potential developmental significance of cultural changes to the infant environment suggests more attention should be paid by archaeologists to lines of evidence related to early childhood environments in prehistory.","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42710122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17585716.2021.1956059
S. Newman, Claire M. Hodson
ABSTRACT Nineteenth-century London was notorious for overcrowding, poor housing, and heavy air pollution. With a large proportion of its population living in conditions of poverty, diseases flourished as people were increasingly drawn to the industrialising centres of England in search of employment opportunities. Utilising historical documentary and skeletal evidence, this paper explores the impact of increasing urbanisation on non-adult (those aged 0–17 years) health, particularly in relation to exposure to a multitude of infectious diseases in circulation during this time. Focusing on the community of St Bride’s Church, London, it highlights the greater susceptibility of infants and children to risk of severe morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases, particularly amongst the lower classes. When considered against the socio-political, cultural and economic milieu of nineteenth-century London, this reveals how the multi-faceted process of urbanisation exacerbated ill-health, increased susceptibility to deadly infectious pathogens, and ultimately further marginalised its poorest inhabitants.
{"title":"Contagion in the Capital: Exploring the Impact of Urbanisation and Infectious Disease Risk on Child Health in Nineteenth-Century London, England","authors":"S. Newman, Claire M. Hodson","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2021.1956059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2021.1956059","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Nineteenth-century London was notorious for overcrowding, poor housing, and heavy air pollution. With a large proportion of its population living in conditions of poverty, diseases flourished as people were increasingly drawn to the industrialising centres of England in search of employment opportunities. Utilising historical documentary and skeletal evidence, this paper explores the impact of increasing urbanisation on non-adult (those aged 0–17 years) health, particularly in relation to exposure to a multitude of infectious diseases in circulation during this time. Focusing on the community of St Bride’s Church, London, it highlights the greater susceptibility of infants and children to risk of severe morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases, particularly amongst the lower classes. When considered against the socio-political, cultural and economic milieu of nineteenth-century London, this reveals how the multi-faceted process of urbanisation exacerbated ill-health, increased susceptibility to deadly infectious pathogens, and ultimately further marginalised its poorest inhabitants.","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48954968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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