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Народная демонология Полесья в контексте восточнославянских традиционных верований 东方斯拉夫传统信仰背景下的波兰民间恶魔学
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-04 DOI: 10.3986/sms20212410
Ľudmila N. Vinogradova
This article studies folk demonological beliefs that are widespread on the territory of Polesye, located on the border of Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia. The traditional culture of this region is of great interest for ethnologists of the broadest profile, since it preserves many archaic elements of all-Slavic significance. In the first part of the study, two blocks of the regional mythological system were considered: spirits of domestic and natural loci, and a group of characters originated from the souls of deceased. The second part of the work considers two groups of mythological characters: spirits not assigned to a specific locus (the devil, spirits of diseases, personification of death, characters for intimidation of children) and different categories of living people endowed with supernatural knowledge (witches, sorcerers, healers, werewolves). The study is based on data from the East-Slavic demonology.
本文研究了在位于乌克兰、白俄罗斯和俄罗斯边境的波兰境内广泛流传的民间鬼神信仰。该地区的传统文化引起了广泛的民族学家的极大兴趣,因为它保留了许多具有全斯拉夫意义的古老元素。在研究的第一部分,研究了地域神话系统的两部分:家庭和自然地点的精神,以及源于死者灵魂的一组人物。作品的第二部分考虑了两组神话人物:不属于特定场所的灵魂(魔鬼,疾病的灵魂,死亡的人格化,恐吓儿童的角色)和具有超自然知识的不同类别的活着的人(女巫,巫师,治疗师,狼人)。这项研究基于东斯拉夫鬼神学的数据。
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引用次数: 0
Tudi stari Slovani so poznali gnomone
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-04 DOI: 10.3986/sms20212413
Andrej Pleterski
The belief that only written records of ancient Greek science are relevant to our knowledge of past science and that there is nothing outside of that knowledge that is not contained in written sources is misleading. The ancient Slavs were able to develop their knowledge of mathematics and astronomy independently of ancient Greek science. Neglecting the knowledge of the ancient Slavs in comparing it with that of the ancient Greeks is misguided and cannot lead to useful findings.
认为只有古希腊科学的书面记录与我们对过去科学的认识有关,认为除了这些知识之外,没有任何东西不包含在书面资料中,这是一种误导。古斯拉夫人能够独立于古希腊科学发展自己的数学和天文学知识。在将古斯拉夫人的知识与古希腊人的知识进行比较时忽视它是错误的,并且无法导致有用的发现。
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引用次数: 2
Plants, Women, Magic. Contemporary Polish (Kuyavian) Folklore Based on Herbal Medicine 植物,女人,魔法。以草药为基础的当代波兰(库雅维)民间传说
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-04 DOI: 10.3986/sms20212408
Sara Orzechowska
Nowadays, interest in phytotherapy and ethnobotanics has increased. This phenomenon was the reason for the cultural project “Ethnopantry of Dobrzyń Land”. During the event, the participants explored the knowledge of herbal medicine and ethnography, including superstitions, beliefs, and the role of plants in folklore texts, while simultaneously providing information about stories, practices, and methods of using herbs in their place of residence, among the older generation or relying on their own experiences. The transfer of knowledge between the instructors and participants resulted in a large amount of folklore material. The article is an attempt to summarise the collected data and to analyse them from an anthropological perspective.
如今,人们对植物疗法和民族植物学越来越感兴趣。这一现象是文化项目“多布日兰民族空间”的原因。在活动中,参与者探索了草药和民族志的知识,包括迷信、信仰和植物在民间传说文本中的作用,同时提供了关于在居住地、老一辈或依靠自己的经验使用草药的故事、实践和方法的信息。讲师和参与者之间的知识交流产生了大量的民间传说材料。本文试图总结所收集的数据,并从人类学的角度对其进行分析。
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引用次数: 1
What is It Like To Be a Bat in the Time of Covid-19, or How Many Pandemics Could We Have? 新冠肺炎时代的蝙蝠是什么样的?或者我们能有多少大流行病?
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-04 DOI: 10.3986/sms20212404
Goran Đurđević, Suzana Marjanić
In these paired years (2020–2021), the whole world has been impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic, which has resulted in the emergence of different presumptions, alternative facts, and fake news. Among those, the most dominant news was about bats as the culprits of expansion of the virus and, indirectly, the Chinese diet as the root cause. However, there is no proof that the links in the triangle of bat-virus-human are valid; and the source of infection has not been identified. In addition to bats, these viruses can be found in other animals, such as camels, pangolins, and humans. Therefore, individual scientists are reversing the situation by presenting the possibility of transmitting the virus from humans to animals. Nevertheless, it has become ultimately ‘acceptable’ to demonise the bat. In this respect, various authors remind us of certain historical contexts of notions and perceptions of the bats, as well as the similarities and differences of those perceptions during the pandemic, referring to it mainly in the context of Croatia and the world. In the end, the article’s conclusion is that the story about the bats is, actually, a great indicator of the representations of Otherness and the strengthening of a binary and hierarchical division of ‘us’ and ‘them’.
在这两个年份(2020年至2021年),整个世界都受到了新冠肺炎大流行的影响,这导致了不同假设、替代事实和假新闻的出现。其中,最主要的新闻是蝙蝠是病毒传播的罪魁祸首,间接地,中国人的饮食是根本原因。然而,没有证据表明蝙蝠病毒-人类三角形中的联系是有效的;感染源尚未确定。除了蝙蝠,这些病毒还可以在其他动物身上发现,如骆驼、穿山甲和人类。因此,个别科学家正在通过提出将病毒从人类传播给动物的可能性来扭转这种局面。尽管如此,妖魔化蝙蝠最终还是“可以接受”的。在这方面,多位作者提醒我们,蝙蝠的概念和看法的某些历史背景,以及在疫情期间这些看法的异同,主要是在克罗地亚和世界的背景下提到的。最后,文章的结论是,关于蝙蝠的故事实际上是一个很好的指标,表明了“他者”的表现,以及“我们”和“他们”的二元和等级划分的加强。
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引用次数: 0
The “Cairé” and “The Ghost of Komat” Textual Landscapes and Cultural Heritage in Argentinean and Slovenian Folktales 阿根廷和斯洛文尼亚民间故事中的“cair<s:1>”和“Komat幽灵”文本景观和文化遗产
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-04 DOI: 10.3986/sms20212405
Maria Palleiro
The present article proposes a comparative approach to Argentinean and Slovenian tales that share thematic features with ATU 326 (“The youth who wanted to learn what fear is”) from the standpoint of the fictional construction of verbal landscapes. The comparison is oriented to identifying similar narrative patterns dealing not only with thematic tale types but also with structural and stylistic features, along with changing details. The thematic, structural, and stylistic features common to different versions conform to a narrative matrix, which acts as a pretext to be recreated in diverse narrative contexts. The changing details give new meanings to universal pattern connected with the cultural heritage of different local contexts, such as the Argentinean and the Slovenian ones.
本文从语言景观的虚构构建的角度,对阿根廷和斯洛文尼亚的故事进行比较,这些故事与ATU 326(“想要了解恐惧是什么的年轻人”)有共同的主题特征。比较的目的是找出相似的叙事模式,不仅涉及主题故事类型,还涉及结构和风格特征,以及变化的细节。不同版本的主题、结构和风格特征都符合一个叙事矩阵,这个叙事矩阵是在不同的叙事语境中被重新创造的借口。变化的细节赋予了与阿根廷和斯洛文尼亚等不同地方背景的文化遗产有关的普遍模式新的含义。
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引用次数: 0
Κόρε κεκλέσομαι αιεί. Uno sguardo sull’arktéia attraverso Phrasikleia Κόρεκεκλέσομαιαιεί。通过Phrasikleia看一眼arkteia
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-04 DOI: 10.3986/sms20212412
Martina Olcese
This article investigates the anthropological issues of the “she-bear” rite, named arktéia, dedicated to the goddess Artemis in her sanctuary of Brauron (Attica), by young girls, before the celebration of their marriage. Kore Phrasiklieia is taken here as a case study with respect to its decoration, suggesting the presence of several attributes connected to the “brauronian” symbolics. There are three chapters: a history of the discovery of the statue, an analysis of its attributes, and an anthropological interpretation of the cult. The comparison between archaeological evidence, historical data, and ancient sources leads to the conclusion that Phrasikleia had performed the arktéia rite as a “she-bear”, but she died before she was married.
这篇文章调查了“母熊”仪式的人类学问题,名为arktsamia,是年轻女孩在庆祝结婚前在她的bruron (Attica)神庙献给女神阿尔忒弥斯的。这里以Kore Phrasiklieia作为其装饰的案例研究,表明存在与“bruronian”符号相关的几个属性。全书共分三章:雕像发现的历史,雕像属性的分析,以及对这种崇拜的人类学解释。考古证据、历史数据和古代资料的比较得出结论,Phrasikleia以“母熊”的身份进行了arktsamia仪式,但她在结婚前就去世了。
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引用次数: 0
Pavel Medvešček Pavel Medvešček
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-04 DOI: 10.3986/sms20212402
Andrej Pleterski
.
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引用次数: 0
Večjezične kratke folklorne oblike: primeri iz Goriških brd
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-04 DOI: 10.3986/sms20212409
Marjeta Pisk, Katarina Šrimpf Vendramin
The article focuses on short folklore forms recorded in the Gorica Hills (slv. Goriška brda) in the 20th and early 21st centuries, which can be considered as non-linguistic or non-ethnically bound folklore features. The language of these folklore forms is a mixture of the dialectal forms of the contact languages (Slovene, Italian, partly Friulian). Using the examples of the collected material, we analyse in which genres of the short folklore forms multilingualism appears, what function it has and how the characteristics of the territory are reflected in them. We compare sources or parallels in published Slovenian and Italian material, and analyse the material in the context of research on literary children’s folklore in Slovenia. The study of bilingual and multilingual folklore forms from Goriška brda focuses on the question of whether and why multilingualism is best preserved in short folklore forms and especially in children’s folklore.
本文重点介绍了哥里察山民间传说的短形式。Goriška brda)在20世纪和21世纪初,它可以被认为是非语言或非民族民俗特征。这些民间传说形式的语言是联系语言(斯洛文尼亚语,意大利语,部分弗留利语)的方言形式的混合物。本文以收集到的材料为例,分析了多种语言的短民俗形式在何种类型中出现,具有何种功能,以及这些类型如何反映出地域特征。我们比较了斯洛文尼亚和意大利出版材料的来源或相似之处,并分析了斯洛文尼亚文学儿童民间传说研究背景下的材料。来自Goriška brda的双语和多语言民俗形式的研究侧重于多语言是否以及为什么在短民俗形式中保存得最好,特别是在儿童民俗中。
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引用次数: 0
Rus, Russia, and Ukraine in Alternative Slavic Fantasy by English-Language Writers 罗斯、俄罗斯和乌克兰:英语作家的斯拉夫幻想
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-04 DOI: 10.3986/sms20212403
Larisa Fialkova
Alternative Slavic fantasy is defined here as fantastika (speculative fiction) created by English-language writers on the basis of real or assumed Slavic folklore, separate from Slavic fantasy per se. The focus of the current paper is the logic of interaction between Slavic folk plots and characters with Russian and Ukrainian history. The first part addresses Medieval Rus in Peter Morwood’s and Katherine Arden’s trilogies. The second part, which addresses Russia and Ukraine in the 19th-20th centuries will be published in the next issue of the journal.
另类斯拉夫幻想在这里被定义为英语作家根据真实或假定的斯拉夫民间传说创作的幻想小说,与斯拉夫幻想本身是分开的。本文的重点是斯拉夫民间情节和人物与俄罗斯和乌克兰历史的互动逻辑。第一部分论述了彼得·莫伍德和凯瑟琳·阿登三部曲中的中世纪罗斯。第二部分将在下一期杂志上发表,内容涉及19世纪至20世纪的俄罗斯和乌克兰。
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引用次数: 0
Мифологический персонаж (з)мора / мара в традиции Южного Подлясья в польской и общеславянской перспективе 从波兰和泛斯拉夫的角度来看,南波德拉西亚传统中的神话人物莫尔/马尔
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-04 DOI: 10.3986/sms20212406
Marija V. Jasinskaja
The author analyzes the field materials collected during her expedition to the Southern Podlasie (Łuków-Siedlce-Garwolin region in Poland) in 2017 and sheds light on the local version of the supernatural being under the name “zmora”. In this territory zmora is endowed with a function (not typical in other Polish local traditions) to tangle and braid the horses’ manes. Meanwhile the informants put aside zmora’s traditional function (that is to suffocate a sleeping person) or do not mention it at all. Zmora from Southern Podlasie is regarded in a wider Polish and all-Slavic perspective. Such parameters as the supernatural being’s name, its origin, appearance, behavior, time of the activity, its functions as well as the amulets and preventive measures used against this evil spirit are examined. The author concludes that in the studied Slavic archaic area zmora has partially taken over the functions of the house spirits, that is reflected in the entire fragment of the mythological characters’ system associated linked to the domestic and economic (cattle-breeding) sphere.
作者分析了2017年她在南波德拉西(波兰的Łuków-Siedlce-Garwolin地区)探险期间收集的野外材料,并揭示了当地版本的“zmora”名字下的超自然生物。在这片土地上,兹莫拉被赋予了缠绕和编织马鬃毛的功能(在其他波兰当地传统中并不典型)。与此同时,线人搁置了zmora的传统功能(即窒息熟睡的人),或者根本没有提及。波德拉西南部的兹莫拉被认为是一个更广泛的波兰人和全斯拉夫人的视角。考察了超自然生物的名称、起源、外貌、行为、活动时间、功能以及对抗这种邪恶灵魂的护身符和预防措施等参数。作者得出结论,在所研究的斯拉夫古代地区,兹莫拉已经部分接管了家庭精神的功能,这反映在与家庭和经济(养牛)领域相关的神话人物系统的整个片段中。
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引用次数: 0
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Studia Mythologica Slavica
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