Pub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.17979/ejge.2024.13.1.9902
Sevi Dokuzoğlu, Arif Eser Güzel
The effectiveness of environmental policies has been extensively studied, often focusing solely on environmental degradation indicators. However, successful environmental policies have broader societal impacts. This study addresses this limitation by utilizing the Sustainable Governance Indicators (SGIs) for a more comprehensive measurement of environmental policy effectiveness. Analyzing 41 countries with data from 2014-2021, a fixed-effects model was employed to assess the impact of democratic and good governance practices on environmental policy success. The findings reveal that democracy and government quality are crucial determinants of effective environmental policies, highlighting the need for improved institutional structures. The robustness of these results is confirmed using alternative democracy and governance indicators. Additionally, the study identifies education, urbanization, and population density as significant factors influencing environmental policy performance.
{"title":"Democracy, governance, and environmental policy effectiveness: a cross-country analysis with Sustainable Governance Indicators","authors":"Sevi Dokuzoğlu, Arif Eser Güzel","doi":"10.17979/ejge.2024.13.1.9902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17979/ejge.2024.13.1.9902","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of environmental policies has been extensively studied, often focusing solely on environmental degradation indicators. However, successful environmental policies have broader societal impacts. This study addresses this limitation by utilizing the Sustainable Governance Indicators (SGIs) for a more comprehensive measurement of environmental policy effectiveness. Analyzing 41 countries with data from 2014-2021, a fixed-effects model was employed to assess the impact of democratic and good governance practices on environmental policy success. The findings reveal that democracy and government quality are crucial determinants of effective environmental policies, highlighting the need for improved institutional structures. The robustness of these results is confirmed using alternative democracy and governance indicators. Additionally, the study identifies education, urbanization, and population density as significant factors influencing environmental policy performance.","PeriodicalId":37945,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Government and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141377741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.17979/ejge.2024.13.1.9773
Moritz Kappler, Rahel M. Schomaker, Michael Bauer
Trust is known to be beneficial for cooperation, though remains underdeveloped in public-private partnerships (PPPs), which are caught in a trust trap due to the cooperative regime’s internal heterogeneity. Accordingly, PPP’s inherent trust relationship is disentangled, and the burden of divergent actor rationales is introduced. We hypothesize that potential PPPs find themselves ex ante in a situation that requires certain repair mechanisms before the ‘usual’ venues of trust development can become effective. As such, exogenous information is theorized as quasi-substitute for relational experience that may support the development of a ‘leap of faith’. Theoretical considerations are tested by a vignette experiment with representatives of both the public and the private sector. Within and between-group analyses find strong support for the burden of divergent rationales and stable levels of (role-based) trust. However, the effect of the information treatment on trust levels is limited.
{"title":"Public-private partnerships caught in a trust-trap and the potential role of information: the burden of divergent rationales","authors":"Moritz Kappler, Rahel M. Schomaker, Michael Bauer","doi":"10.17979/ejge.2024.13.1.9773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17979/ejge.2024.13.1.9773","url":null,"abstract":"Trust is known to be beneficial for cooperation, though remains underdeveloped in public-private partnerships (PPPs), which are caught in a trust trap due to the cooperative regime’s internal heterogeneity. Accordingly, PPP’s inherent trust relationship is disentangled, and the burden of divergent actor rationales is introduced. We hypothesize that potential PPPs find themselves ex ante in a situation that requires certain repair mechanisms before the ‘usual’ venues of trust development can become effective. As such, exogenous information is theorized as quasi-substitute for relational experience that may support the development of a ‘leap of faith’. Theoretical considerations are tested by a vignette experiment with representatives of both the public and the private sector. Within and between-group analyses find strong support for the burden of divergent rationales and stable levels of (role-based) trust. However, the effect of the information treatment on trust levels is limited.","PeriodicalId":37945,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Government and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141378149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.17979/ejge.2024.13.1.9595
Diego Sande Veiga
This study evaluates the impact of European Union Structural Funds for innovation on key business indicators related to growth, profitability, and innovation at the regional level. We use the case of Andalusia during the period 2007-2020, a Spanish region benefiting from these funds, focusing on the ERDF-Innterconnecta program which supports business collaboration in R&D projects. While some indicators, showed improvement, others did not. By analyzing these mixed results, we aim to inform the planning, design, and implementation of future regional innovation policies.
{"title":"Unveiling the impact of European Structural Funds for innovation in Andalusia, Spain","authors":"Diego Sande Veiga","doi":"10.17979/ejge.2024.13.1.9595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17979/ejge.2024.13.1.9595","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates the impact of European Union Structural Funds for innovation on key business indicators related to growth, profitability, and innovation at the regional level. We use the case of Andalusia during the period 2007-2020, a Spanish region benefiting from these funds, focusing on the ERDF-Innterconnecta program which supports business collaboration in R&D projects. While some indicators, showed improvement, others did not. By analyzing these mixed results, we aim to inform the planning, design, and implementation of future regional innovation policies.","PeriodicalId":37945,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Government and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141380854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.17979/ejge.2024.13.1.9953
Carlos David Cardona-Arenas, Johary Andrea Campuzano
The objective of this study is to identify the fundamental determinants of citizen participation within the framework of the "Let's Take Control" initiative, implemented by the General Comptroller's Office of Manizales Municipality during 2020-2021, with a specific focus on fostering public participation in Fiscal Control. Utilizing a two-stage mixed-method methodology, the research encompasses surveys administered to citizen observers, municipal officials, and the general population, followed by a descriptive exploratory analysis. Subsequent to data collection, a series of statistical analyses is conducted, including chi-square and ANOVA tests, along with Ordinary Least Squares Linear Regression. Additionally, a Generalized Linear Model (GLM) is estimated. The findings unequivocally demonstrate a positive impact on citizen participation facilitated by the "Let's Take Control" strategy. Furthermore, positive correlations emerge between participation frequency and variables such as invitations to participation exercises, age groups of participants, and their socio-economic strata within events organized by the General Comptroller's Office of Manizales Municipality-Colombia.
{"title":"Exploring citizen participation in fiscal control: insights from Manizales, Colombia","authors":"Carlos David Cardona-Arenas, Johary Andrea Campuzano","doi":"10.17979/ejge.2024.13.1.9953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17979/ejge.2024.13.1.9953","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to identify the fundamental determinants of citizen participation within the framework of the \"Let's Take Control\" initiative, implemented by the General Comptroller's Office of Manizales Municipality during 2020-2021, with a specific focus on fostering public participation in Fiscal Control. Utilizing a two-stage mixed-method methodology, the research encompasses surveys administered to citizen observers, municipal officials, and the general population, followed by a descriptive exploratory analysis. Subsequent to data collection, a series of statistical analyses is conducted, including chi-square and ANOVA tests, along with Ordinary Least Squares Linear Regression. Additionally, a Generalized Linear Model (GLM) is estimated. The findings unequivocally demonstrate a positive impact on citizen participation facilitated by the \"Let's Take Control\" strategy. Furthermore, positive correlations emerge between participation frequency and variables such as invitations to participation exercises, age groups of participants, and their socio-economic strata within events organized by the General Comptroller's Office of Manizales Municipality-Colombia.","PeriodicalId":37945,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Government and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141379457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.17979/ejge.2024.13.1.9788
Merith Ifeoma Anaba, Jayanthi R. Alaganthiran, K. Gold, Folorunso Obayemi Tamitope Obasuyi
Tourism is one of the major determinants of global economic growth, creating jobs within the sector, and Africa is no exception. The target of the sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries is to consider tourism as an alternative means of economic expansion. However, tourism is a means of environmental imbalance. This study investigates the complex relationship between tourism, economic growth, and carbon emissions in 47 Sub-Saharan African countries from 2005 to 2020. While economic growth significantly increases carbon emissions, tourism revenue shows a potential mitigating effect. Trade openness also contributes to emissions, while employment shows a negative correlation. These findings highlight the need for stricter environmental regulations and policies that leverage the region's labor surplus for sustainable tourism practices. Implementing such measures is crucial for minimizing the environmental damage associated with foreign direct economic activities and ensuring long-term sustainability.
{"title":"Tourism, growth, and carbon emissions in Sub-Saharan Africa: a balancing act","authors":"Merith Ifeoma Anaba, Jayanthi R. Alaganthiran, K. Gold, Folorunso Obayemi Tamitope Obasuyi","doi":"10.17979/ejge.2024.13.1.9788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17979/ejge.2024.13.1.9788","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism is one of the major determinants of global economic growth, creating jobs within the sector, and Africa is no exception. The target of the sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries is to consider tourism as an alternative means of economic expansion. However, tourism is a means of environmental imbalance. This study investigates the complex relationship between tourism, economic growth, and carbon emissions in 47 Sub-Saharan African countries from 2005 to 2020. While economic growth significantly increases carbon emissions, tourism revenue shows a potential mitigating effect. Trade openness also contributes to emissions, while employment shows a negative correlation. These findings highlight the need for stricter environmental regulations and policies that leverage the region's labor surplus for sustainable tourism practices. Implementing such measures is crucial for minimizing the environmental damage associated with foreign direct economic activities and ensuring long-term sustainability.","PeriodicalId":37945,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Government and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141380155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.17979/ejge.2024.13.1.9918
M. Danish, Muhammad Ashfaq, Salman Azam Joiya
COVID-19 has badly affected the psychological well-being of people all over the globe, especially in developing countries, due to the loss of jobs, social capital and stress. The present study is also designed to analyze the impact of government quality on subjective well-being (SWB) after the pandemic through the mediating role of financial stress. This study uses the data of 599 respondents in Pakistan and applies mixed methodology in Generalized Structure Equation Model (GSEM) structure with Tobit and order logit. Results reveal that people perceived more financial and economic stress and perceived poor satisfaction with the government’s role in fighting the pandemic. Regression analyses confirmed that least economic stress, good perceived governance, and high level of income are negatively associated with financial stress and positively relate to happiness and life satisfaction. Moreover, a significant relationship exists between the mediator (financial stress) and SWB. Our results suggest government bodies should encourage investment for business start-ups. This will not only reduce unemployment and economic and financial stress but also expand the size of the economy, which leads to achieving the wellbeing of people.
{"title":"Impact of government quality on post-COVID subjective well-being in Pakistan: the mediating role of financial stress","authors":"M. Danish, Muhammad Ashfaq, Salman Azam Joiya","doi":"10.17979/ejge.2024.13.1.9918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17979/ejge.2024.13.1.9918","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 has badly affected the psychological well-being of people all over the globe, especially in developing countries, due to the loss of jobs, social capital and stress. The present study is also designed to analyze the impact of government quality on subjective well-being (SWB) after the pandemic through the mediating role of financial stress. This study uses the data of 599 respondents in Pakistan and applies mixed methodology in Generalized Structure Equation Model (GSEM) structure with Tobit and order logit. Results reveal that people perceived more financial and economic stress and perceived poor satisfaction with the government’s role in fighting the pandemic. Regression analyses confirmed that least economic stress, good perceived governance, and high level of income are negatively associated with financial stress and positively relate to happiness and life satisfaction. Moreover, a significant relationship exists between the mediator (financial stress) and SWB. Our results suggest government bodies should encourage investment for business start-ups. This will not only reduce unemployment and economic and financial stress but also expand the size of the economy, which leads to achieving the wellbeing of people.","PeriodicalId":37945,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Government and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141380514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-05DOI: 10.17979/ejge.2023.12.2.9909
Fisnik Morina, Valdrin Misiri, Fitore Gashi
This article investigates the impact of domestic investments on economic growth in OECD countries from 2000 to 2020. It identifies factors affecting economic growth and analyzes the relationship between domestic investments and economic growth using econometric models. Empirical data from the World Bank, IMF, and OECD reports supports the positive impact of domestic investments on economic growth in OECD countries. The study also finds a long-term causality between GDP and Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF). These findings offer valuable insights into investment dynamics and their effects on economic growth, informing governments and policymakers in OECD countries.
{"title":"Long-term relationship between investment and economic growth: a cointegration analysis of OECD countries","authors":"Fisnik Morina, Valdrin Misiri, Fitore Gashi","doi":"10.17979/ejge.2023.12.2.9909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17979/ejge.2023.12.2.9909","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the impact of domestic investments on economic growth in OECD countries from 2000 to 2020. It identifies factors affecting economic growth and analyzes the relationship between domestic investments and economic growth using econometric models. Empirical data from the World Bank, IMF, and OECD reports supports the positive impact of domestic investments on economic growth in OECD countries. The study also finds a long-term causality between GDP and Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF). These findings offer valuable insights into investment dynamics and their effects on economic growth, informing governments and policymakers in OECD countries.","PeriodicalId":37945,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Government and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138985174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-05DOI: 10.17979/ejge.2023.12.2.9960
I. Abdelkafi, Youssra Ben Romdhane, S. Loukil
The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the notion that cryptocurrencies are uncorrelated with traditional asset markets. This study uses VAR-OLS techniques to investigate the time-varying correlation between Bitcoin and three major European stock market indices from January 4, 2016, to February 26, 2021. Our results show that cryptocurrencies and stock markets are dependent during crisis periods, but not during non-crisis periods. This confirms the time-varying correlation between cryptocurrencies and stock markets, which depends on the extent and persistence of responses to own and cross shocks. To improve the robustness of our results, we also test the impact of government measures on Bitcoin and stock market indices and find that they are both affected by these measures. Our study adds to the literature by examining the impacts of pandemics on the correlations between Bitcoin returns and the stock market, oil, and gold index returns, which have so far been unaddressed.
{"title":"Has COVID-19 changed the correlation between cryptocurrencies and stock markets?","authors":"I. Abdelkafi, Youssra Ben Romdhane, S. Loukil","doi":"10.17979/ejge.2023.12.2.9960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17979/ejge.2023.12.2.9960","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the notion that cryptocurrencies are uncorrelated with traditional asset markets. This study uses VAR-OLS techniques to investigate the time-varying correlation between Bitcoin and three major European stock market indices from January 4, 2016, to February 26, 2021. Our results show that cryptocurrencies and stock markets are dependent during crisis periods, but not during non-crisis periods. This confirms the time-varying correlation between cryptocurrencies and stock markets, which depends on the extent and persistence of responses to own and cross shocks. To improve the robustness of our results, we also test the impact of government measures on Bitcoin and stock market indices and find that they are both affected by these measures. Our study adds to the literature by examining the impacts of pandemics on the correlations between Bitcoin returns and the stock market, oil, and gold index returns, which have so far been unaddressed.","PeriodicalId":37945,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Government and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138985250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-05DOI: 10.17979/ejge.2023.12.2.9541
Adrian Hawley
The concept of "Social Europe" encompasses the European Union's social policy framework. This paper argues that the financial crisis of 2007-2009, the subsequent Euro crisis, and the ensuing austerity measures diverted significant attention away from Social Europe. This neglect led to declining living standards, reductions in public services, and the emergence of critical challenges such as the gig economy. In recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated these issues, prompting a renewed focus on Social Europe by EU institutions. This paper conducts a chronological analysis of recent legislative (acquis) and non-legislative (soft power) instruments implemented to address these challenges and assesses the prospects of Social Europe in the near term.
{"title":"Reviving Social Europe: a critical assessment of EU social policy in the wake of multiple crises","authors":"Adrian Hawley","doi":"10.17979/ejge.2023.12.2.9541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17979/ejge.2023.12.2.9541","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of \"Social Europe\" encompasses the European Union's social policy framework. This paper argues that the financial crisis of 2007-2009, the subsequent Euro crisis, and the ensuing austerity measures diverted significant attention away from Social Europe. This neglect led to declining living standards, reductions in public services, and the emergence of critical challenges such as the gig economy. In recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated these issues, prompting a renewed focus on Social Europe by EU institutions. This paper conducts a chronological analysis of recent legislative (acquis) and non-legislative (soft power) instruments implemented to address these challenges and assesses the prospects of Social Europe in the near term.","PeriodicalId":37945,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Government and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139012054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-05DOI: 10.17979/ejge.2023.12.2.9850
Jun Chen, Talgat Yerzhanov, Svetlana Shcheglova, Anar Mirzayev
This study investigates the impact of privatization on the relationship between gross capital accumulation, employment, labor resources, government spending, and gross domestic product (GDP) in Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries. Employing econometric analysis and cointegration evaluation, the study reveals that privatization has had a mixed impact on CIS economies. While privatization has contributed to increased capital accumulation and employment in some countries, it has also led to reduced labor resources and government spending in others. The study also finds that government spending is an indirect indicator of privatization efficiency that significantly influences GDP in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan.
{"title":"Assessing privatization efficiency in CIS countries: financial, non-financial, and GDP-linked indicators","authors":"Jun Chen, Talgat Yerzhanov, Svetlana Shcheglova, Anar Mirzayev","doi":"10.17979/ejge.2023.12.2.9850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17979/ejge.2023.12.2.9850","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the impact of privatization on the relationship between gross capital accumulation, employment, labor resources, government spending, and gross domestic product (GDP) in Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries. Employing econometric analysis and cointegration evaluation, the study reveals that privatization has had a mixed impact on CIS economies. While privatization has contributed to increased capital accumulation and employment in some countries, it has also led to reduced labor resources and government spending in others. The study also finds that government spending is an indirect indicator of privatization efficiency that significantly influences GDP in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan.","PeriodicalId":37945,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Government and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139012070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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