Pub Date : 2023-03-07DOI: 10.1163/22117954-bja10067
Olav Elgvin
Under what circumstances do Sunni and Shiʿa organisations enter into institutional cooperation with each other? This article explores this question through a study of Muslim institutional cooperation in Norway from the late 1980s to the late 2010s, based on both archival sources and qualitative interviews. This period witnessed at first a very tight cooperation between Sunni and Shiʿa organisations, before the cooperation collapsed in the 1990s. In the 2010s Sunnis and Shiʿa again started to cooperate closely. The article seeks to interpret this development through the theory of superordinate or common goals or uniting against a third party. Sunnis seemed to invite the Shiʿa in when they had a clear common goal in the form of an external threat. Even though conditions vary, I argue that this mechanism may have played a role in the development of cooperation between Sunni and Shiʾa organisations in other countries as well.
{"title":"For the Greater Good: Common Goals and Institutional Sunni–Shiʿa Cooperation in Norway","authors":"Olav Elgvin","doi":"10.1163/22117954-bja10067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22117954-bja10067","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Under what circumstances do Sunni and Shiʿa organisations enter into institutional cooperation with each other? This article explores this question through a study of Muslim institutional cooperation in Norway from the late 1980s to the late 2010s, based on both archival sources and qualitative interviews. This period witnessed at first a very tight cooperation between Sunni and Shiʿa organisations, before the cooperation collapsed in the 1990s. In the 2010s Sunnis and Shiʿa again started to cooperate closely. The article seeks to interpret this development through the theory of superordinate or common goals or uniting against a third party. Sunnis seemed to invite the Shiʿa in when they had a clear common goal in the form of an external threat. Even though conditions vary, I argue that this mechanism may have played a role in the development of cooperation between Sunni and Shiʾa organisations in other countries as well.","PeriodicalId":37992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Muslims in Europe","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43103862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-21DOI: 10.1163/22117954-bja10078
Tessie Bundgaard Jorgensen
The article is a study based on ten semi-structured interviews to show how mut‘a, known as temporary, pleasure marriage, is practised in seven different ways in present-day Denmark. Continuous conversations with Danish Shi‘i women provide a rare insight into the discourses and emotions behind making sense of a world of love, relationships and social norms formulated as divine intentions. The practices vary from relationships, dating and online relations, to tools in therapeutic settings. Mut‘a is articulated as a formalised tool to navigate a highly gender segregated world and is only practised by individuals who hold rigid views regarding gender regulations. The study demonstrates noticeable differences between cultural interpretations of related concepts such as mahr and ‘idda, thus leading to a conversation about what constitutes Muslim law and practices. The findings contribute to a wider study of how contextual settings, such as individual experience, world-making and cognitions, aid inductive productions of social norms within Muslim law.
{"title":"Mut‘a as Practised by Danish Shi‘i Women","authors":"Tessie Bundgaard Jorgensen","doi":"10.1163/22117954-bja10078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22117954-bja10078","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The article is a study based on ten semi-structured interviews to show how mut‘a, known as temporary, pleasure marriage, is practised in seven different ways in present-day Denmark. Continuous conversations with Danish Shi‘i women provide a rare insight into the discourses and emotions behind making sense of a world of love, relationships and social norms formulated as divine intentions. The practices vary from relationships, dating and online relations, to tools in therapeutic settings. Mut‘a is articulated as a formalised tool to navigate a highly gender segregated world and is only practised by individuals who hold rigid views regarding gender regulations. The study demonstrates noticeable differences between cultural interpretations of related concepts such as mahr and ‘idda, thus leading to a conversation about what constitutes Muslim law and practices. The findings contribute to a wider study of how contextual settings, such as individual experience, world-making and cognitions, aid inductive productions of social norms within Muslim law.","PeriodicalId":37992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Muslims in Europe","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47260272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-20DOI: 10.1163/22117954-bja10065
Önder Cetin
This article presents how emotions contribute to the construction of self-images by shaping perceptions of particular problems that arise during cultural encounters, as described in Turkish instruction textbooks in Germany. I argue that textbooks serve as key information and emotion entrepreneurs, generating emotional resources to shape particular understandings of problems while constructing self-image(s) in transgenerational and transcultural contexts during these encounters between heritage- and mainstream-cultures. A critical discourse analysis of narratives depicting how they were considered as a challenge to the socio-cultural belonging of the actors of heritage culture would highlight textbooks’ representative role as agents of social change through the adoption of specific discursive components and strategies. In addition to research on emotions and textbooks, the analysis would contribute to the study of religion by demonstrating how debates referring to religious reasoning can be approached as social issues perceived and conceptualized through an emotional framework attached to socio-cultural belonging.
{"title":"In Front of God, Next to the Neighbours","authors":"Önder Cetin","doi":"10.1163/22117954-bja10065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22117954-bja10065","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents how emotions contribute to the construction of self-images by shaping perceptions of particular problems that arise during cultural encounters, as described in Turkish instruction textbooks in Germany. I argue that textbooks serve as key information and emotion entrepreneurs, generating emotional resources to shape particular understandings of problems while constructing self-image(s) in transgenerational and transcultural contexts during these encounters between heritage- and mainstream-cultures. A critical discourse analysis of narratives depicting how they were considered as a challenge to the socio-cultural belonging of the actors of heritage culture would highlight textbooks’ representative role as agents of social change through the adoption of specific discursive components and strategies. In addition to research on emotions and textbooks, the analysis would contribute to the study of religion by demonstrating how debates referring to religious reasoning can be approached as social issues perceived and conceptualized through an emotional framework attached to socio-cultural belonging.","PeriodicalId":37992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Muslims in Europe","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47918916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-12DOI: 10.1163/22117954-bja10074
T. Martikainen, T. Brekke
This article discusses religiously motivated financial behaviour among young Muslims in Finland. The aim of the article is to provide empirical knowledge of Islam-based views on rejecting interest-based loans and the implications of this among Finnish Muslims. The research questions are: What are the reasons and motivations for rejecting interest-based bank loans? Are there alternative modes of financing? What are the impacts of rejection on personal investments, including in business and housing? Data were obtained from 18 Finnish Muslim entrepreneurs and professionals who reject interest-based bank loans. The data show that their rejection led to the scope for financial arrangements being more limited, and may also have significant implications for their children, the next generation. To circumvent these consequences, those interviewed used some or all of four alternative models for funding: savings; interest-free loans from family and friends; credit circles; and the time-bound, interest-free repayment period on credit cards.
{"title":"The Rejection of Interest-Based Loans among Muslim Entrepreneurs and Professionals in Finland","authors":"T. Martikainen, T. Brekke","doi":"10.1163/22117954-bja10074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22117954-bja10074","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article discusses religiously motivated financial behaviour among young Muslims in Finland. The aim of the article is to provide empirical knowledge of Islam-based views on rejecting interest-based loans and the implications of this among Finnish Muslims. The research questions are: What are the reasons and motivations for rejecting interest-based bank loans? Are there alternative modes of financing? What are the impacts of rejection on personal investments, including in business and housing? Data were obtained from 18 Finnish Muslim entrepreneurs and professionals who reject interest-based bank loans. The data show that their rejection led to the scope for financial arrangements being more limited, and may also have significant implications for their children, the next generation. To circumvent these consequences, those interviewed used some or all of four alternative models for funding: savings; interest-free loans from family and friends; credit circles; and the time-bound, interest-free repayment period on credit cards.","PeriodicalId":37992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Muslims in Europe","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43167468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-29DOI: 10.1163/22117954-bja10068
Stephanie Müssig
In most mosque archives, the subject range seems to be limited to bureaucratic matters. In this article I discuss the factors that are responsible for this constraint. Using academic literature on (Christian) religious and (ethnic) community archives, as well as relying on the research presented in this special issue, I develop a hierarchical (or multi-level) model of subject ranges in mosque archives by considering factors at the individual, intermediate, and system level. I argue that the individual dispositions of mosque leaders regarding resources and attitudes, as well as funds at the intermediate level, are key to the maturing of the archiving culture in mosques.
{"title":"Factors That Shape Mosque Archives","authors":"Stephanie Müssig","doi":"10.1163/22117954-bja10068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22117954-bja10068","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In most mosque archives, the subject range seems to be limited to bureaucratic matters. In this article I discuss the factors that are responsible for this constraint. Using academic literature on (Christian) religious and (ethnic) community archives, as well as relying on the research presented in this special issue, I develop a hierarchical (or multi-level) model of subject ranges in mosque archives by considering factors at the individual, intermediate, and system level. I argue that the individual dispositions of mosque leaders regarding resources and attitudes, as well as funds at the intermediate level, are key to the maturing of the archiving culture in mosques.","PeriodicalId":37992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Muslims in Europe","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43715350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-29DOI: 10.1163/22117954-bja10070
Bekim Agai
Looking at the fragmented documents of Muslim community life at mosques, bringing together different types of materials and creating mosque archives is a challenging endeavour, as shown by the contributions in this volume. This contribution asks for the implication the archives, once collected and considered as parts of a larger picture, can have for the formation of a Muslim collective memory. Connecting different archives – with their singular experiences – into collective forms of memory, similar experiences and ruptures come to the surface and a new perspective on a shared German history is articulated. As the collective memory is a reservoir to understand the past, giving meaning to the present, and a source for the future, this process has a social and political dimension. The process of creating a Muslim collective memory will fill blanks within German history and add new chapters, but will at the same time change Muslim self-perception and self-positioning by recentring their sometimes ambiguous experiences within a larger setting.
{"title":"Mosque Archives and a Muslim Collective Memory in Formation","authors":"Bekim Agai","doi":"10.1163/22117954-bja10070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22117954-bja10070","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Looking at the fragmented documents of Muslim community life at mosques, bringing together different types of materials and creating mosque archives is a challenging endeavour, as shown by the contributions in this volume. This contribution asks for the implication the archives, once collected and considered as parts of a larger picture, can have for the formation of a Muslim collective memory. Connecting different archives – with their singular experiences – into collective forms of memory, similar experiences and ruptures come to the surface and a new perspective on a shared German history is articulated. As the collective memory is a reservoir to understand the past, giving meaning to the present, and a source for the future, this process has a social and political dimension. The process of creating a Muslim collective memory will fill blanks within German history and add new chapters, but will at the same time change Muslim self-perception and self-positioning by recentring their sometimes ambiguous experiences within a larger setting.","PeriodicalId":37992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Muslims in Europe","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46099953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-29DOI: 10.1163/22117954-bja10062
G. Jonker, Isabel Elbel, Arne Klein, Jule Klopke, Stephanie Müssig, Jens Schönstedt, Victoria Ulbricht
Starting from the thesis that European mosque archives offer important sources for the history of Muslims and Islam in Europe, this contribution presents results of a pilot survey into the whereabouts of mosque archives in Germany. Focusing on five small towns in industrial zones where predominantly Turkish contract workers have settled, we asked Turkish mosque administrators, chairmen and imams how they had handled papers in the past, whether and where they had stored folders that were not in use anymore, and what kind of documents their collections contained. What we found were various archival records in a wide and unexpected range of places. We also learned that our questions prompted very different reactions. Umbrella organisations understood their archives as tools for preserving the written sources documenting their origins, whereas local administrators tended to see them as records of their personal memories. Our conclusion is that the time is ripe for the development of knowledge about mosque archives in Germany and, with regard to the founding generation, this is of crucial importance.
{"title":"Turkish Mosque Archives in Industrial Towns in Southern Germany: An Ethnographic Survey","authors":"G. Jonker, Isabel Elbel, Arne Klein, Jule Klopke, Stephanie Müssig, Jens Schönstedt, Victoria Ulbricht","doi":"10.1163/22117954-bja10062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22117954-bja10062","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Starting from the thesis that European mosque archives offer important sources for the history of Muslims and Islam in Europe, this contribution presents results of a pilot survey into the whereabouts of mosque archives in Germany. Focusing on five small towns in industrial zones where predominantly Turkish contract workers have settled, we asked Turkish mosque administrators, chairmen and imams how they had handled papers in the past, whether and where they had stored folders that were not in use anymore, and what kind of documents their collections contained. What we found were various archival records in a wide and unexpected range of places. We also learned that our questions prompted very different reactions. Umbrella organisations understood their archives as tools for preserving the written sources documenting their origins, whereas local administrators tended to see them as records of their personal memories. Our conclusion is that the time is ripe for the development of knowledge about mosque archives in Germany and, with regard to the founding generation, this is of crucial importance.","PeriodicalId":37992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Muslims in Europe","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42472782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-29DOI: 10.1163/22117954-bja10073
Raida Chbib, Julius Matuschik
This contribution aims at illuminating Muslim community life in the 1950s in Germany with the help of photographs. In 2020, probing into a research field that until then was largely terra incognita, the photojournalist Julius Matuschik with the support of a sociologist of religion, Raida Chbib, contacted mosques they knew had been built in the 1960s and wrote to 100 city archives in search of photographic and other evidence. In this way, photograph collections and paper records of religious gatherings and activities of Muslims in Berlin, Munich, Aachen, Hamburg, Frankfurt and Schwetzingen (Mannheim) were identified and brought into communication with one another. Offering unique visual insights in each of these places, this article shows that Muslim religious infrastructures were established long before the arrival of the so-called guest workers and that Muslim religious life in the 1950s was broader than has hitherto been suggested. Moreover, a blind spot was revealed when gathering detailed information about a congregation in the 1950s in the architecturally remarkable mosque building in the garden of the Schwetzingen Palace.
{"title":"Mosque Archives of the 1950s in Focus","authors":"Raida Chbib, Julius Matuschik","doi":"10.1163/22117954-bja10073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22117954-bja10073","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This contribution aims at illuminating Muslim community life in the 1950s in Germany with the help of photographs. In 2020, probing into a research field that until then was largely terra incognita, the photojournalist Julius Matuschik with the support of a sociologist of religion, Raida Chbib, contacted mosques they knew had been built in the 1960s and wrote to 100 city archives in search of photographic and other evidence. In this way, photograph collections and paper records of religious gatherings and activities of Muslims in Berlin, Munich, Aachen, Hamburg, Frankfurt and Schwetzingen (Mannheim) were identified and brought into communication with one another. Offering unique visual insights in each of these places, this article shows that Muslim religious infrastructures were established long before the arrival of the so-called guest workers and that Muslim religious life in the 1950s was broader than has hitherto been suggested. Moreover, a blind spot was revealed when gathering detailed information about a congregation in the 1950s in the architecturally remarkable mosque building in the garden of the Schwetzingen Palace.","PeriodicalId":37992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Muslims in Europe","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45978924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-29DOI: 10.1163/22117954-bja10069
G. Jonker
In 1923, Ahmadiyya Anjuman Ishaat ve Islam with headquarters in Lahore (hereafter: Lahore-Ahmadiyya) sent the pedagogue Maulvi Sadr-ud-Din to Berlin commissioned to erect a mosque, create a mission and enter in conversation with the Europeans. The European mission was a comprehensive answer to the challenge that the British Empire presented to Muslims. In their hometown, Lahore, Lahore-Ahmadiyya aimed at comparing religions in order to push back British missionaries and disprove Christian claims to superiority. Adapting to the German setting, which in the years to come would swiftly move from democratic to nationalistic politics, the mission in Berlin created many variations on that theme. Today, the mosque registry, holding records of almost 100 years of administration, bears witness to the efforts of the missionaries to explain to various German audiences their view of Islam. An important source for Muslim history in Germany, the archive highlights such different research subjects as Muslim modernity at work, the language of secular Islam, Indian-German approximations, conversion, and mixed marriage. In 2018, it was donated to the National Archive in Berlin, where the approximately 70,000 documents and 5,000 photographs were made available for research. This contribution offers an analysis of the contents.
1923年，总部设在拉合尔的Ahmadiyya Anjuman Ishaat ve Islam（以下简称：拉合尔Ahmadiyja）派遣教育学家Maulvi Sadr ud Din前往柏林，受委托建造一座清真寺，创建一个使团，并与欧洲人进行对话。欧洲使团是对大英帝国向穆斯林提出的挑战的全面回应。在他们的家乡拉合尔，拉合尔艾哈迈迪亚旨在比较宗教，以击退英国传教士，反驳基督教的优越感。为了适应德国的环境，在未来几年里，德国将迅速从民主政治转向民族主义政治，驻柏林使团在这一主题上创造了许多变化。如今，清真寺登记处保存着近100年的管理记录，见证了传教士们向各种德国观众解释他们对伊斯兰教的看法。作为德国穆斯林历史的重要来源，该档案突出了穆斯林现代性、世俗伊斯兰教语言、印度-德国近似、皈依和混合婚姻等不同的研究主题。2018年，它被捐赠给柏林国家档案馆，在那里，大约70000份文件和5000张照片可供研究。这篇文章对内容进行了分析。
{"title":"Overviewing a Century. The Lahore-Ahmadiyya Mosque Archive in Berlin","authors":"G. Jonker","doi":"10.1163/22117954-bja10069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22117954-bja10069","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In 1923, Ahmadiyya Anjuman Ishaat ve Islam with headquarters in Lahore (hereafter: Lahore-Ahmadiyya) sent the pedagogue Maulvi Sadr-ud-Din to Berlin commissioned to erect a mosque, create a mission and enter in conversation with the Europeans. The European mission was a comprehensive answer to the challenge that the British Empire presented to Muslims. In their hometown, Lahore, Lahore-Ahmadiyya aimed at comparing religions in order to push back British missionaries and disprove Christian claims to superiority. Adapting to the German setting, which in the years to come would swiftly move from democratic to nationalistic politics, the mission in Berlin created many variations on that theme. Today, the mosque registry, holding records of almost 100 years of administration, bears witness to the efforts of the missionaries to explain to various German audiences their view of Islam. An important source for Muslim history in Germany, the archive highlights such different research subjects as Muslim modernity at work, the language of secular Islam, Indian-German approximations, conversion, and mixed marriage. In 2018, it was donated to the National Archive in Berlin, where the approximately 70,000 documents and 5,000 photographs were made available for research. This contribution offers an analysis of the contents.","PeriodicalId":37992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Muslims in Europe","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47631462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-24DOI: 10.1163/22117954-bja10063
M. de Koning
{"title":"Observing Islam in Spain: Contemporary Politics and Social Dynamics, edited by Ana I. Planet Contreras","authors":"M. de Koning","doi":"10.1163/22117954-bja10063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22117954-bja10063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Muslims in Europe","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44592755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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