Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.2174/2405520412666190204123610
Lu Yan, Fan Ping, Lu Da-shan
Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfonate (AESO) was synthesized by the following two steps reactions: fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether 5 (AEO-5) reacted with metallic sodium to form sodium alkoxide, then in toluene solvent, the sodium alkoxide reacted with 2-chloroethyl sulfonate sodium to form AESO. The reaction factors, such as temperature, reaction time and reactant ratio, which effect on the product yield were discussed. The products were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra in order to examine the aim of the product synthesized. The AESO performances including thermal stability, salt resistance, emulsifying and surface properties were studied. The results show that the optimum conditions of AESO synthesis are as follows: the reaction temperature is 64oC, the reaction time is 5h, the molar ratio of chloroethyl sulfonate sodium and sodium alkoxide is 1.2:1. In the above reaction conditions, the AESO has the highest yield, which is 74.43% and its purity is 89.25%. AESO’s surface properties, thermal stability, and salt resistance are much better than that of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES). The AESO presents the best emulsifying performance at the concentration of 1250mg/L. The solubility of AES and AESO are all increased due to the EO groups’ existence and their hard water resistances are better than that of lauryl sodium sulfate. The foamability test shows that AESO has the best foaming ability at the concentration of 1480mg/L, which decreases with the increase of the Ca2+ concentration, but the foam stability increases. It can be seen that AESO has favorable resistance to high temperature and high salinity.
{"title":"Synthesis and Performances of Fatty Alcohol Polyoxyethylene Ether Sulfonate","authors":"Lu Yan, Fan Ping, Lu Da-shan","doi":"10.2174/2405520412666190204123610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2405520412666190204123610","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfonate (AESO) was synthesized\u0000by the following two steps reactions: fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether 5 (AEO-5)\u0000reacted with metallic sodium to form sodium alkoxide, then in toluene solvent, the sodium\u0000alkoxide reacted with 2-chloroethyl sulfonate sodium to form AESO.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The reaction factors, such as temperature, reaction time and reactant ratio,\u0000which effect on the product yield were discussed. The products were characterized by Fourier\u0000Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra in order to examine the aim of the product synthesized.\u0000The AESO performances including thermal stability, salt resistance, emulsifying and\u0000surface properties were studied.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results show that the optimum conditions of AESO synthesis are as follows: the\u0000reaction temperature is 64oC, the reaction time is 5h, the molar ratio of chloroethyl sulfonate\u0000sodium and sodium alkoxide is 1.2:1. In the above reaction conditions, the AESO has the\u0000highest yield, which is 74.43% and its purity is 89.25%. AESO’s surface properties, thermal\u0000stability, and salt resistance are much better than that of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether\u0000sulfate (AES). The AESO presents the best emulsifying performance at the concentration of\u00001250mg/L.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 The solubility of AES and AESO are all increased due to the EO groups’ existence\u0000and their hard water resistances are better than that of lauryl sodium sulfate. The foamability\u0000test shows that AESO has the best foaming ability at the concentration of 1480mg/L, which decreases\u0000with the increase of the Ca2+ concentration, but the foam stability increases. It can be\u0000seen that AESO has favorable resistance to high temperature and high salinity.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38021,"journal":{"name":"Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49266596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.2174/2405520412666190124163629
J. Eswari, M. K. Tripathi, S. Dhagat, S. K. Karn
Renewable sources of energy like biodiesel are substitute energy fuel which are made from renewable bio sources or biomasses. Due to many advantages of using algae (Chlorella sp), we performed design of experiments in terms of functional and biochemical factors such as biomass, chlorophyll content, protein moiety and carbohydrate and lipid contents. Our objective is maximization of lipid accumulation (y1) and chlorophyll content (y2) and minimization of carbohydrate consumption (y3), protein (y4) and biomass (y5) contents. By using the experimental data, the regression model has been developed in order to obtain the desired response (biomass, chlorophyll, protein, carbohydrate and lipid) therefore it is necessary to optimize input conditions. The pre-optimization stage is an important part and useful for the production of biodiesel as biomass which is renewable energy to improve the quality. The corresponding input and output conditions with multi-objective optimisation using naïve & sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA) is X1=0.99, X2=0.001, X3=-1.111, X4=0.01 and Lipid= 42.34, Chlorophyll=1.1212 (µgmL-1), Carbohydrate= 24.54%, Protein= 0.0742 (mgmL-1), Biomass=0.999 (gL-1). The multi-objective optimization NSGA prediction is compared with the response surface model combined with a genetic algorithm (RSM-GA) and we observed better productivity with NSGA.
{"title":"Five Objective Optimization Using Naïve & Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA) for Green Microalgae Culture Conditions for Biodiesel Production","authors":"J. Eswari, M. K. Tripathi, S. Dhagat, S. K. Karn","doi":"10.2174/2405520412666190124163629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2405520412666190124163629","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Renewable sources of energy like biodiesel are substitute energy fuel\u0000which are made from renewable bio sources or biomasses. Due to many advantages of using algae\u0000(Chlorella sp), we performed design of experiments in terms of functional and biochemical\u0000factors such as biomass, chlorophyll content, protein moiety and carbohydrate and lipid contents.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Our objective is maximization of lipid accumulation (y1) and chlorophyll content\u0000(y2) and minimization of carbohydrate consumption (y3), protein (y4) and biomass (y5) contents.\u0000By using the experimental data, the regression model has been developed in order to obtain\u0000the desired response (biomass, chlorophyll, protein, carbohydrate and lipid) therefore it is\u0000necessary to optimize input conditions. The pre-optimization stage is an important part and useful\u0000for the production of biodiesel as biomass which is renewable energy to improve the quality.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The corresponding input and output conditions with multi-objective optimisation\u0000using naïve & sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA) is X1=0.99, X2=0.001, X3=-1.111,\u0000X4=0.01 and Lipid= 42.34, Chlorophyll=1.1212 (µgmL-1), Carbohydrate= 24.54%, Protein=\u00000.0742 (mgmL-1), Biomass=0.999 (gL-1).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The multi-objective optimization NSGA prediction is compared with the\u0000response surface model combined with a genetic algorithm (RSM-GA) and we observed better\u0000productivity with NSGA.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38021,"journal":{"name":"Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41572541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.2174/2405520412666190618144005
A. Zolriasatein
In this paper, jute yarns were bio-treated with pectinase enzyme. Then, the untreated and bio-treated yarns were dyed with Direct Yellow 24. The biotreated jute yarn showed higher dye sorption compared to that of untreated jute yarn. The sorption isotherms were fitted with the Nernst, Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin and BET models. At all temperatures studied, the experimental data were better described with the Freundlich model. Thermodynamic parameters such as a change in free energy (ΔG0), the enthalpy (ΔH0), and the entropy (ΔS0) were also evaluated. The values of ΔH0 and ΔG0 indicated that the sorption of direct dye onto jute yarn was a physical sorption process. Furthermore, the sorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. The results indicated that bio-treated jute yarn was more favorable (1/n < 1) for the sorption of direct dye as compared to that of untreated jute yarn (1/n > 1). Among the kinetic models studied, it was found that the pseudo second-order kinetic model was the best model to describe the sorption process of Direct Yellow 24 onto the bio-treated and untreated jute yarns.
{"title":"Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Isotherms Studies for Sorption of Direct Dye onto the Pectinase Pre-treated Jute Yarn","authors":"A. Zolriasatein","doi":"10.2174/2405520412666190618144005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2405520412666190618144005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000In this paper, jute yarns were bio-treated with pectinase\u0000enzyme. Then, the untreated and bio-treated yarns were dyed with Direct Yellow 24. The biotreated\u0000jute yarn showed higher dye sorption compared to that of untreated jute yarn.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The sorption isotherms were fitted with the Nernst, Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin\u0000and BET models. At all temperatures studied, the experimental data were better described\u0000with the Freundlich model. Thermodynamic parameters such as a change in free energy\u0000(ΔG0), the enthalpy (ΔH0), and the entropy (ΔS0) were also evaluated. The values of ΔH0 and\u0000ΔG0 indicated that the sorption of direct dye onto jute yarn was a physical sorption process.\u0000Furthermore, the sorption process was exothermic and spontaneous.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results indicated that bio-treated jute yarn was more favorable (1/n < 1) for the\u0000sorption of direct dye as compared to that of untreated jute yarn (1/n > 1).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Among the kinetic models studied, it was found that the pseudo second-order\u0000kinetic model was the best model to describe the sorption process of Direct Yellow 24 onto\u0000the bio-treated and untreated jute yarns.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38021,"journal":{"name":"Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45313647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.2174/2405520412666190117142609
Swetha Garimella, A. Vimal, Ramchander Merugu, Awanish Kumar
This study utilizes Rhodobacter sphaeroides bacteria for the photoproduction of hydrogen under various cultural conditions. R. sphaeroides was isolated from sewage water. We have examined different carbon and nitrogen sources for hydrogen production and further established the conditions for optimum hydrogen production by R. sphaeroides. The cumulative hydrogen produced by the bacteria at various intervals of time was measured using a Gas Chromatograph. Initially, by classical one factor at a time method, it was found that Benzoate and Glycine promote higher amounts of hydrogen production under anaerobic light conditions after 96 h. The production was also observed to be enhanced in the presence of growth factors B12. Further, the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the hydrogen production. The first level of optimization was done using Box-Behnken Design (BBD) followed by Central Composite Design (CCD) method. The maximum production of hydrogen achieved by BBD and CCD was 6.8 ml/30 ml and 8.12 ml/30 ml, respectively. The significant model predicted is a quadratic model with R2 value 0.9459. Moreover, work presented here suggests an environment-friendly approach of harvesting H2, which could meet energy demand as clean fuel via the green route.
{"title":"Experimental Optimization of Green Hydrogen Production from Phototrophic Bacteria Rhodobacter sphaeroides","authors":"Swetha Garimella, A. Vimal, Ramchander Merugu, Awanish Kumar","doi":"10.2174/2405520412666190117142609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2405520412666190117142609","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000This study utilizes Rhodobacter sphaeroides bacteria\u0000for the photoproduction of hydrogen under various cultural conditions. R. sphaeroides was\u0000isolated from sewage water. We have examined different carbon and nitrogen sources for\u0000hydrogen production and further established the conditions for optimum hydrogen production\u0000by R. sphaeroides.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The cumulative hydrogen produced by the bacteria at various intervals of time\u0000was measured using a Gas Chromatograph. Initially, by classical one factor at a time\u0000method, it was found that Benzoate and Glycine promote higher amounts of hydrogen production\u0000under anaerobic light conditions after 96 h.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The production was also observed to be enhanced in the presence of growth factors\u0000B12. Further, the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the hydrogen\u0000production. The first level of optimization was done using Box-Behnken Design\u0000(BBD) followed by Central Composite Design (CCD) method. The maximum production of\u0000hydrogen achieved by BBD and CCD was 6.8 ml/30 ml and 8.12 ml/30 ml, respectively.\u0000The significant model predicted is a quadratic model with R2 value 0.9459.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Moreover, work presented here suggests an environment-friendly approach of\u0000harvesting H2, which could meet energy demand as clean fuel via the green route.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38021,"journal":{"name":"Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46514781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-31DOI: 10.2174/2352094909666190524113311
C. K. Agisparayan, K. O. Low, S. T. Lim, K. Wong
Many studies were done to assess the mechanical characteristics of the bandage casts with regards to different specifications of materials under different parameters. Many patents have been designed on the various types of casting materials such as POP, fiberglass and polyester. A recent trend in the patent is to explore a hybrid combination for bandage casts to withstand structural failure, crack formation or deformation.This study aims to study the effect of impact force on plaster of Paris, fiberglass and hybrid bandage casts.There different bandage casts were constructed using plaster of Paris, fiberglass and a hybrid combination of plaster of Paris and fiberglass. They were subjected to Charpy impact test, three-point flexural test, and Rockwell B hardness test.The impact characteristics, energy absorption properties, ductility, rigidity, strength, stiffness and indentation hardness of the hybrid bandage cast were found to be greatly influenced from being a composite of two casts and interfaces. It was found that the impact energy capable of being absorbed prior to fracture for the plaster of Paris, fiberglass and hybrid were 1.225 Joules, 11.125 Joules and 6.750 Joules, respectivelyHybrid bandage casts possessed improved impact characteristics compared to plaster of Paris bandage casts and more cost-effectiveness as compared to fiberglass bandage casts
{"title":"Impact Behaviour Of Hybrid Bandage Casts","authors":"C. K. Agisparayan, K. O. Low, S. T. Lim, K. Wong","doi":"10.2174/2352094909666190524113311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2352094909666190524113311","url":null,"abstract":"Many studies were done to assess the mechanical characteristics of the bandage casts with regards to different specifications of materials under different parameters. Many patents have been designed on the various types of casting materials such as POP, fiberglass and polyester. A recent trend in the patent is to explore a hybrid combination for bandage casts to withstand structural failure, crack formation or deformation.This study aims to study the effect of impact force on plaster of Paris, fiberglass and hybrid bandage casts.There different bandage casts were constructed using plaster of Paris, fiberglass and a hybrid combination of plaster of Paris and fiberglass. They were subjected to Charpy impact test, three-point flexural test, and Rockwell B hardness test.The impact characteristics, energy absorption properties, ductility, rigidity, strength, stiffness and indentation hardness of the hybrid bandage cast were found to be greatly influenced from being a composite of two casts and interfaces. It was found that the impact energy capable of being absorbed prior to fracture for the plaster of Paris, fiberglass and hybrid were 1.225 Joules, 11.125 Joules and 6.750 Joules, respectivelyHybrid bandage casts possessed improved impact characteristics compared to plaster of Paris bandage casts and more cost-effectiveness as compared to fiberglass bandage casts","PeriodicalId":38021,"journal":{"name":"Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82297216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-31DOI: 10.2174/2352094909666190617105313
Bokai Liao, Hongyu Cen, Zhenyu Chen, Xingpeng Guo
The effects of representative solder flux residue weak organic acids on electrochemical migration (ECM) of tin in thin electrolyte layer were studied using a technique based on the coupling of in situ electrochemical measurements and optical observations, as well as ex situ characterizations. The results showed that the increasing amount of weak organic acid decreased the probability of ECM and dendrites formed were mainly composed of metallic tin. Tin ions reacted with organic compound ions from hydrolysis of weak organic acids to form complexes with electronegativity, which retarded the transfer of tin ions. Some complexes can be oxidized to the insoluble tin oxides on the anode surface and blocked the dissolution of anode during tin ECM. The growth rate of tin dendrite was found to be limited by the dissociation of complexes. Mechanisms involved were proposed to explain the role of weak organic acid in the tin ECM.
{"title":"Effect of Organic Acids on the Electrochemical Migration of Tin in Thin Electrolyte Layer","authors":"Bokai Liao, Hongyu Cen, Zhenyu Chen, Xingpeng Guo","doi":"10.2174/2352094909666190617105313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2352094909666190617105313","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The effects of representative solder flux residue weak organic\u0000acids on electrochemical migration (ECM) of tin in thin electrolyte layer were studied using\u0000a technique based on the coupling of in situ electrochemical measurements and optical observations,\u0000as well as ex situ characterizations.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results showed that the increasing amount of weak organic acid decreased\u0000the probability of ECM and dendrites formed were mainly composed of metallic tin. Tin\u0000ions reacted with organic compound ions from hydrolysis of weak organic acids to form complexes\u0000with electronegativity, which retarded the transfer of tin ions. Some complexes can be oxidized\u0000to the insoluble tin oxides on the anode surface and blocked the dissolution of anode during tin\u0000ECM.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The growth rate of tin dendrite was found to be limited by the dissociation of complexes.\u0000Mechanisms involved were proposed to explain the role of weak organic acid in the tin\u0000ECM.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38021,"journal":{"name":"Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82175805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-31DOI: 10.2174/2352094909666190527121245
Manjubala Bharti and Ranjan K Sahu
Deceleration of the corrosion rate of Mg by surface chemical method via hydrofluoric acid treatment has a special interest because it is a simple, cost-effective, and efficient method for the coating of interior as well as the exterior part of any size and shape of implant material. However, conversion coating by hydrofluoric acid treatment fails to produce a long-term stable coating of Mg in ionic solutions caused by the formation of cracks on the surface during the process. Consequently, the corrosive ions of the SBF solution enter through the cracks that accelerate the dissolution by local galvanic corrosion. On the above view, we aim to develop a simple strategy for enhancement of corrosion resistance of the hydrofluoric acid treated Mg bioimplant material. This method is comprised of dip coating of hydrofluoric acid treated Mg sample in the polymethylhydrosiloxane followed by curing at 170°C for 30 min. The samples were characterized by electron probe microanalysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical test. The electrochemical test results reveal that the corrosion rate of the coated Mg sample in the simulated body fluid solution is decreased by more than 8500 times than the bare sample. The long term immersion data indicate that the chemical resistance of the coated Mg sample in the SBF solution even after 25 days is better than the bare Mg metal. Polymethylhydrosiloxane coating is efficient to enhance the corrosion resistance of hydrofluoric acid treated Mg metal in simulated body fluid solution.
{"title":"Polymethylhydrosiloxane Coating Enhanced Corrosion Resistance of Hydrofluoric Acid Treated Mg Bio-implant Material in Simulated Body Fluid Solution","authors":"Manjubala Bharti and Ranjan K Sahu","doi":"10.2174/2352094909666190527121245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2352094909666190527121245","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Deceleration of the corrosion rate of Mg by surface chemical method via\u0000hydrofluoric acid treatment has a special interest because it is a simple, cost-effective, and efficient\u0000method for the coating of interior as well as the exterior part of any size and shape of implant\u0000material. However, conversion coating by hydrofluoric acid treatment fails to produce a\u0000long-term stable coating of Mg in ionic solutions caused by the formation of cracks on the surface\u0000during the process. Consequently, the corrosive ions of the SBF solution enter through the cracks\u0000that accelerate the dissolution by local galvanic corrosion. On the above view, we aim to develop\u0000a simple strategy for enhancement of corrosion resistance of the hydrofluoric acid treated Mg bioimplant\u0000material.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This method is comprised of dip coating of hydrofluoric acid treated Mg sample in the\u0000polymethylhydrosiloxane followed by curing at 170°C for 30 min. The samples were characterized\u0000by electron probe microanalysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical test.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The electrochemical test results reveal that the corrosion rate of the coated Mg sample in\u0000the simulated body fluid solution is decreased by more than 8500 times than the bare sample. The\u0000long term immersion data indicate that the chemical resistance of the coated Mg sample in the\u0000SBF solution even after 25 days is better than the bare Mg metal.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Polymethylhydrosiloxane coating is efficient to enhance the corrosion resistance of\u0000hydrofluoric acid treated Mg metal in simulated body fluid solution.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38021,"journal":{"name":"Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78438064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-31DOI: 10.2174/2352094909666190228120012
Chuck Micallef, Dinesh Kumar Srinivasan, Hyoung‐Chun Kim, R. Procyshyn, J. Gayle, A. Mahapatro, Paras Jain, Mansi Bhardwaj, M. Baudry, Vivek Srivastava, Harvinder Popli Rupinder K. Dhamoon, Madhu Gupta
Despite the process of rusting being well known, it was uncertain whether rust was contagious or not through temporary contact that is, involving no permanent bonding. The study investigated whether rust could be transmitted through temporary contact using controls. Eight rusted steel wool rolls, each less than 3.50 g were staggeringly arranged in groups of four onto two non-rusted steel plates, each measuring 400 x 200 mm, with control cells in between. After 10 days, rust stains formed on the plates and the rolls were removed. The conspicuous stains were monitored every month by means of manual tracing. After six monthly observations, the first month tracings were superimposed onto each respective plate. Although intrinsic rust had formed on the control and experimental cells, the original stains remained constant in shape and size. Rust is probably not transmitted to other metals by simple contact
尽管锈蚀的过程是众所周知的，但不确定锈蚀是否会通过暂时的接触传染，也就是说，不涉及永久的结合。该研究调查了锈病是否会通过使用控件的临时接触而传播。8个少于3.50克的生锈钢丝绒卷被分成四组，错落有节地排列在两块未生锈的钢板上，每块钢板的尺寸为400 x 200毫米，中间有控制单元。10天后，盘子上形成了锈迹，卷被移走了。每个月用人工追踪的方法监测明显的污渍。经过六个月的观察，第一个月的追踪被叠加到每个单独的平板上。虽然在对照细胞和实验细胞上形成了固有的锈蚀，但原始的锈蚀在形状和大小上保持不变。锈蚀可能不会通过简单的接触传染给其他金属
{"title":"Can Rust Spread Through Temporary Contact?","authors":"Chuck Micallef, Dinesh Kumar Srinivasan, Hyoung‐Chun Kim, R. Procyshyn, J. Gayle, A. Mahapatro, Paras Jain, Mansi Bhardwaj, M. Baudry, Vivek Srivastava, Harvinder Popli Rupinder K. Dhamoon, Madhu Gupta","doi":"10.2174/2352094909666190228120012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2352094909666190228120012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Despite the process of rusting being well known, it was uncertain whether\u0000rust was contagious or not through temporary contact that is, involving no permanent bonding.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study investigated whether rust could be transmitted through temporary contact using\u0000controls.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Eight rusted steel wool rolls, each less than 3.50 g were staggeringly arranged in groups of\u0000four onto two non-rusted steel plates, each measuring 400 x 200 mm, with control cells in between.\u0000After 10 days, rust stains formed on the plates and the rolls were removed. The conspicuous stains\u0000were monitored every month by means of manual tracing. After six monthly observations, the first\u0000month tracings were superimposed onto each respective plate.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Although intrinsic rust had formed on the control and experimental cells, the original stains\u0000remained constant in shape and size.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Rust is probably not transmitted to other metals by simple contact\u0000","PeriodicalId":38021,"journal":{"name":"Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81020614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-31DOI: 10.2174/2405520411666181102161727
C. Boyadjiev, B. Boyadjiev
The classical mass transfer theory is not applicable for modeling the mass transfer of chemical, absorption, adsorption and catalytic processes in column apparatuses, where the velocity distributions and interphase boundaries are unknown. The modeling of these processes is related with the creation of new type of convection-diffusion models (for qualitative analysis) and average-concentration models (for quantitative analysis), where the surface reactions are replaced by equivalent volume reaction, while the velocity and concentration distributions are replaced by average velocity and concentrations. The effect of the radial non-uniformity of the velocity in the average-concentration models is introduced by model parameters, which must be obtained experimentally. The new convection-diffusion and average-concentration models are obtained in the cases of different processes in column apparatuses: simple and complicated chemical reactions, physical and chemical absorption, physical and chemical adsorption, heterogeneous catalytic processes (physical and chemical adsorption mechanism). These models are presented in the monograph Chr. Boyadjiev, M. Doichinova, B. Boyadjiev, P. Popova-Krumova, “Modeling of Column Apparatus Processes” (Second edition), Springer- Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. Two hydrodynamic situations are considered, when the radial velocity component is equal to zero, in the cases of an axial modification of the radial non-uniformity of the axial velocity component and when the radial velocity component is not equal to zero. The use of experimental data, for the average concentrations at the column end, for a concrete process and column, permits to obtain the model parameters, related with the radial non-uniformity of the velocity. These parameter values permit to use the averageconcentration models for modeling of different processes.
{"title":"New Approach to Modeling and Simulation of Chemical and Mass Transfer Processes in Column Apparatuses","authors":"C. Boyadjiev, B. Boyadjiev","doi":"10.2174/2405520411666181102161727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2405520411666181102161727","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The classical mass transfer theory is not applicable for modeling the\u0000mass transfer of chemical, absorption, adsorption and catalytic processes in column\u0000apparatuses, where the velocity distributions and interphase boundaries are unknown. The\u0000modeling of these processes is related with the creation of new type of convection-diffusion\u0000models (for qualitative analysis) and average-concentration models (for quantitative\u0000analysis), where the surface reactions are replaced by equivalent volume reaction, while the\u0000velocity and concentration distributions are replaced by average velocity and concentrations.\u0000The effect of the radial non-uniformity of the velocity in the average-concentration models is\u0000introduced by model parameters, which must be obtained experimentally.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 The new convection-diffusion and average-concentration models are obtained in\u0000the cases of different processes in column apparatuses: simple and complicated chemical\u0000reactions, physical and chemical absorption, physical and chemical adsorption,\u0000heterogeneous catalytic processes (physical and chemical adsorption mechanism). These\u0000models are presented in the monograph Chr. Boyadjiev, M. Doichinova, B. Boyadjiev, P.\u0000Popova-Krumova, “Modeling of Column Apparatus Processes” (Second edition), Springer-\u0000Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 2018.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 Two hydrodynamic situations are considered, when the radial velocity component\u0000is equal to zero, in the cases of an axial modification of the radial non-uniformity of the axial\u0000velocity component and when the radial velocity component is not equal to zero.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The use of experimental data, for the average concentrations at the column end,\u0000for a concrete process and column, permits to obtain the model parameters, related with the\u0000radial non-uniformity of the velocity. These parameter values permit to use the averageconcentration\u0000models for modeling of different processes.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38021,"journal":{"name":"Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44093652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-31DOI: 10.2174/2405520412666181120120033
Madima Ntakadzeni, W. Anku, P. Govender, L. Reddy
A molybdenum sulfide (Mo3S4) nanorod photocatalyst was synthesised through the facile hydrothermal method and applied in the degradation of Rhodamine B and Methyl Blue dyes under visible light irradiation. The Mo3s4 nanorod was synthesised using sodium molybdate, sodiumdiethyldithiolcarbonate and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as molybdenum and sulfur sources, and capping agent respectively. The photocatalyst was characterized by using XRD, FTIR, TEM, SEM, EDS and UV-Vis spectroscopies. SEM result shows that the synthesised sample has a rod-like shape made up of several thin sheets. The XRD result revealed the Mo3S4 nanorod to exist in the Rhombohedral phase. The energy band gap of the sample was calculated to be 2.02 eV. The synthesised Mo3S4 nanorod showed great potential in the removal of both RhB and MB in aqueous solution. 85.46% and 99.78% removals of RhB and MB dyes respectively were achieved in 90 min. It was also observed that the photodegradation of both RhB and MB follows pseudo-first order kinetics, with apparent rate constants of 0.0089 min-1 and 0.0118 min-1 for RhB and MB respectively.
{"title":"Mo3S4 Nanorod: An Effective Photocatalyst for the Degradation of Organic Dyes in Aqueous Solution","authors":"Madima Ntakadzeni, W. Anku, P. Govender, L. Reddy","doi":"10.2174/2405520412666181120120033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2405520412666181120120033","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000A molybdenum sulfide (Mo3S4) nanorod photocatalyst was\u0000synthesised through the facile hydrothermal method and applied in the degradation of\u0000Rhodamine B and Methyl Blue dyes under visible light irradiation.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The Mo3s4 nanorod was synthesised using sodium molybdate, sodiumdiethyldithiolcarbonate\u0000and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as molybdenum and sulfur sources,\u0000and capping agent respectively. The photocatalyst was characterized by using XRD, FTIR,\u0000TEM, SEM, EDS and UV-Vis spectroscopies.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000SEM result shows that the synthesised sample has a rod-like shape made up of\u0000several thin sheets. The XRD result revealed the Mo3S4 nanorod to exist in the\u0000Rhombohedral phase. The energy band gap of the sample was calculated to be 2.02 eV. The\u0000synthesised Mo3S4 nanorod showed great potential in the removal of both RhB and MB in\u0000aqueous solution. 85.46% and 99.78% removals of RhB and MB dyes respectively were\u0000achieved in 90 min.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 It was also observed that the photodegradation of both RhB and MB follows\u0000pseudo-first order kinetics, with apparent rate constants of 0.0089 min-1 and 0.0118 min-1 for\u0000RhB and MB respectively.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38021,"journal":{"name":"Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44569238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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