Pub Date : 2019-09-25DOI: 10.2174/2405520412666190925155326
M. Jalil, Nurul Hasna Asniera Rasnan, A. F. M. Yamin, Abdul Hadi Hasanah, N. Rani
There is enormous growth in the epoxidation base on vegetables oil in recent year due to the rising demand for eco-friendly epoxides to replace petrochemical resources. The aim of this review is to give an insight on the article on epoxidation of various vegetables oils published in scientific journals, major proceeding and books. Review on feasibly and optimization of epoxide are found to leading topics in this area.
{"title":"An overview of epoxidation vegetables oil for production poly oils","authors":"M. Jalil, Nurul Hasna Asniera Rasnan, A. F. M. Yamin, Abdul Hadi Hasanah, N. Rani","doi":"10.2174/2405520412666190925155326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2405520412666190925155326","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000There is enormous growth in the epoxidation base on vegetables oil in recent year due to the rising demand for eco-friendly epoxides to replace petrochemical resources. The aim of this review is to give an insight on the article on epoxidation of various vegetables oils published in scientific journals, major proceeding and books. Review on feasibly and optimization of epoxide are found to leading topics in this area.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":38021,"journal":{"name":"Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49257815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lithium tantalate (LiTaO3) thin film was synthesized and in situ coated on tantalum substrate via anodic oxidation. The effects of temperature, voltage and time on composition, morphology and hardness of film were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Vickers hardness, respectively. Our results showed that surface hardness of all coated samples has been increased compared with that of pure tantalum. The value of hardness was found to gradually increase with temperature, voltage and reaction time of the coating process. Selected specimens, after coating, were immersed into 10 wt% NaOH solution at 50oC for 96h to explore their anti-corrosion performance. Immersing results indicated that LiTaO3 coated samples have a smaller mass loss and corrosion rate compared to those of pure Ta substrate. Pure tantalum sample and those coated by LiTaO3 thin film were further examined by electrochemical methods including open-circuit potential (OCP), potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS). We have found that samples coated with LiTaO3 thin film exhibit higher potentials and lower corrosion current densities than those of pure tantalum substrate, according to the results and analysis of OCP curves and potentiodynamic polarization curves. Upon anodic oxidation, samples display higher polarization resistance with higher resistance to corrosion.
{"title":"Formation of Corrosion Resistant Hard Coating of Litao3 by Anodizing in Molten Lino3","authors":"Likun Hu, Sicheng Yuan, P. Xie, Dengfeng Xu, Zhi Peng, A'xi Xie, Feng Zheng","doi":"10.2174/2352094909666190211125527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2352094909666190211125527","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Lithium tantalate (LiTaO3) thin film was synthesized and in situ coated on\u0000tantalum substrate via anodic oxidation.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The effects of temperature, voltage and time on composition, morphology and hardness of\u0000film were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Vickers\u0000hardness, respectively.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Our results showed that surface hardness of all coated samples has been increased compared\u0000with that of pure tantalum. The value of hardness was found to gradually increase with temperature,\u0000voltage and reaction time of the coating process. Selected specimens, after coating, were immersed\u0000into 10 wt% NaOH solution at 50oC for 96h to explore their anti-corrosion performance. Immersing\u0000results indicated that LiTaO3 coated samples have a smaller mass loss and corrosion rate compared\u0000to those of pure Ta substrate. Pure tantalum sample and those coated by LiTaO3 thin film were further\u0000examined by electrochemical methods including open-circuit potential (OCP), potentiodynamic\u0000polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We have found that samples coated with LiTaO3 thin film exhibit higher potentials and\u0000lower corrosion current densities than those of pure tantalum substrate, according to the results and\u0000analysis of OCP curves and potentiodynamic polarization curves. Upon anodic oxidation, samples\u0000display higher polarization resistance with higher resistance to corrosion.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38021,"journal":{"name":"Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90252897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-24DOI: 10.2174/2352094909666190228113315
J. Gayle, A. Mahapatro
Magnesium and magnesium alloys are currently being explored for biodegradable metallic implants. Magnesium’s biocompatibility, low density, and mechanical properties could offer advantages in the development of low-bearing orthopedic prosthesis and cardiovascular stent materials.Magnesium’s susceptibility to corrosion and increased hydrogen evolution in vivo compromises the success of its potential applications. Various strategies have been pursued to control and subsequently evaluate degradation.This review provides a broad overview of magnesium-based implant materials. Potential coating materials, coating techniques, corrosion testing, and characterization methods for coated magnesium alloys are also discussed.Various technologies and materials are available for coating magnesium to control and evaluate degradation. Polymeric, ceramic, metallic, and composite coatings have successfully been coated onto magnesium to control its corrosion behaviour. Several technologies are available to carry out the coatings and established methodologies exist for corrosion testing. A few magnesium-based products have emerged in international (European Union) markets and it is foreseen that similar products will be introduced in the United States in the near future.Overall, many coated magnesium materials for biomedical applications are predominantly in the research stage with cardiac stent materials and orthopaedic prosthesis making great strides.
{"title":"Magnesium Based Biodegradable Metallic Implant Materials: Corrosion Control and Evaluation of Surface Coatings","authors":"J. Gayle, A. Mahapatro","doi":"10.2174/2352094909666190228113315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2352094909666190228113315","url":null,"abstract":"Magnesium and magnesium alloys are currently being explored for biodegradable metallic implants. Magnesium’s biocompatibility, low density, and mechanical properties could offer advantages in the development of low-bearing orthopedic prosthesis and cardiovascular stent materials.Magnesium’s susceptibility to corrosion and increased hydrogen evolution in vivo compromises the success of its potential applications. Various strategies have been pursued to control and subsequently evaluate degradation.This review provides a broad overview of magnesium-based implant materials. Potential coating materials, coating techniques, corrosion testing, and characterization methods for coated magnesium alloys are also discussed.Various technologies and materials are available for coating magnesium to control and evaluate degradation. Polymeric, ceramic, metallic, and composite coatings have successfully been coated onto magnesium to control its corrosion behaviour. Several technologies are available to carry out the coatings and established methodologies exist for corrosion testing. A few magnesium-based products have emerged in international (European Union) markets and it is foreseen that similar products will be introduced in the United States in the near future.Overall, many coated magnesium materials for biomedical applications are predominantly in the research stage with cardiac stent materials and orthopaedic prosthesis making great strides.","PeriodicalId":38021,"journal":{"name":"Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74833659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.2174/2405520412666190716163611
S. Moulay
The great chemical affinity of molecular iodine towards several macromolecules and innumerable polymers allows the formation of macromolecule/polymer-iodine complexes, usually commensurate with the desired uses and applications. In many instances, the formation of such complexes occurs through a charge-transfer mechanism. The strength of the ensued complex is more accentuated by the presence of heteroatoms (nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur) and the π-conjugation induced moieties within the chemical structure of the polymer. A wide range of polymers with high specific surface areas and large total pore volumes are excellent candidates for iodine adsorption, suggesting their use in the removal of radioactive iodine in nuclear power plants. The recent results of iodine uptake by polysaccharides such as starch, chitin, chitosan, alginate, and cellulose are but novelties. Complexing vinyl polymers such as poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone), poly(vinyl pyridine), poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl chloride), poly(acrylonitrile), and polyacrylics, with molecular iodine revealed special chemistry, giving rise to polyiodide ions (In -) as the actual complexing agents. Carbon allotropes (graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, amorphous carbons) and polyhydrocarbons are prone to interact with molecular iodine. The treatment of a broad set of polymers and macromolecules with molecular iodine is but a doping process that ends up with useful materials of enhanced properties such conductivity (electrical, ionic, thermal); in some cases, the obtained materials were of engineering applications. Complexation and doping materials with iodine are also aimed at ensuring the antimicrobial activity, particularly, for those intended for medical uses. In several cases, the impact of the iodine doping of polymer is the alteration of its morphology, as is the case of the disruption of the graphitic morphology of the graphene or graphene oxide.
{"title":"Macromolecule/Polymer-Iodine Complexes: An Update","authors":"S. Moulay","doi":"10.2174/2405520412666190716163611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2405520412666190716163611","url":null,"abstract":"The great chemical affinity of molecular iodine towards several macromolecules and innumerable polymers allows the formation of macromolecule/polymer-iodine complexes, usually commensurate with the desired uses and applications. In many instances, the formation of such complexes occurs through a charge-transfer mechanism. The strength of the ensued complex is more accentuated by the presence of heteroatoms (nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur) and the π-conjugation induced moieties within the chemical structure of the polymer. A wide range of polymers with high specific surface areas and large total pore volumes are excellent candidates for iodine adsorption, suggesting their use in the removal of radioactive iodine in nuclear power plants. The recent results of iodine uptake by polysaccharides such as starch, chitin, chitosan, alginate, and cellulose are but novelties. Complexing vinyl polymers such as poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone), poly(vinyl pyridine), poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl chloride), poly(acrylonitrile), and polyacrylics, with molecular iodine revealed special chemistry, giving rise to polyiodide ions (In -) as the actual complexing agents. Carbon allotropes (graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, amorphous carbons) and polyhydrocarbons are prone to interact with molecular iodine. The treatment of a broad set of polymers and macromolecules with molecular iodine is but a doping process that ends up with useful materials of enhanced properties such conductivity (electrical, ionic, thermal); in some cases, the obtained materials were of engineering applications. Complexation and doping materials with iodine are also aimed at ensuring the antimicrobial activity, particularly, for those intended for medical uses. In several cases, the impact of the iodine doping of polymer is the alteration of its morphology, as is the case of the disruption of the graphitic morphology of the graphene or graphene oxide.","PeriodicalId":38021,"journal":{"name":"Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46098497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.2174/2405520412666190627144845
Saurabh Singh, S. Singh, Malti G. Chauhan, B. Kumar, N. K. Pandey, Barinder Kaur, Arun Kumar, Souvik Mohanta, M. Gulati, Sheetu Wadhwa, A. Yadav, Pan Singh, Y. Kumari, Gurmandeep Kaur, R. Khursheed, A. Clarrisse
In the present study copper nanosuspension was prepared from Incinerated Copper Powder (ICP) by top down media milling. Glycyrrhiza glabra (GG) and Gum Acacia (GA) were used as stabilizers in the formulation. Box Behnken Design was used to investigate the effect of formulation and process variables on particle size and zeta potential and optimize their ratio to get target product profile. The ratio of GA and GG to ICP was varied along with milling time and its speed. Further the prepared nanosuspensions were solidified using spray drying. The particle size was found to be decreased with the increase in GG to ICP ratio, milling time and milling speed, whereas, reverse effect on particle size was observed with an increase in GA to ICP ratio. The zeta potential was found to be increased with the increase in GG to CB ratio and milling speed and it decreased with the increase in GA to ICP ratio and milling time. The obtained value for particle size was 117.9 nm and zeta potential were -9.46 mV which was in close agreement with the predicted values by the design which was, 121.86 nm for particle size and -8.07 mV for zeta potential respectively. This indicated the reliability of optimization procedure. The percentage drug loading of copper in the nanosuspension was 88.26%. The micromeritic evaluation of obtained spray dried nanoparticles revealed that the particles were having good flow and compactibility. It can be concluded that application of media milling, design of experiment and spray drying have offered very good copper nanosuspension that has the potential to be scaled up on industrial scale.
{"title":"Quality by Design-based Optimization of Formulation and Process Variables for Controlling Particle Size and Zeta Potential of Spray Dried Incinerated Copper Nanosuspension","authors":"Saurabh Singh, S. Singh, Malti G. Chauhan, B. Kumar, N. K. Pandey, Barinder Kaur, Arun Kumar, Souvik Mohanta, M. Gulati, Sheetu Wadhwa, A. Yadav, Pan Singh, Y. Kumari, Gurmandeep Kaur, R. Khursheed, A. Clarrisse","doi":"10.2174/2405520412666190627144845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2405520412666190627144845","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000 In the present study copper nanosuspension was prepared from Incinerated\u0000Copper Powder (ICP) by top down media milling. Glycyrrhiza glabra (GG) and\u0000Gum Acacia (GA) were used as stabilizers in the formulation.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 Box Behnken Design was used to investigate the effect of formulation and process\u0000variables on particle size and zeta potential and optimize their ratio to get target product profile.\u0000The ratio of GA and GG to ICP was varied along with milling time and its speed. Further\u0000the prepared nanosuspensions were solidified using spray drying.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The particle size was found to be decreased with the increase in GG to ICP ratio,\u0000milling time and milling speed, whereas, reverse effect on particle size was observed with an\u0000increase in GA to ICP ratio. The zeta potential was found to be increased with the increase in\u0000GG to CB ratio and milling speed and it decreased with the increase in GA to ICP ratio and\u0000milling time. The obtained value for particle size was 117.9 nm and zeta potential were -9.46\u0000mV which was in close agreement with the predicted values by the design which was,\u0000121.86 nm for particle size and -8.07 mV for zeta potential respectively. This indicated the\u0000reliability of optimization procedure. The percentage drug loading of copper in the nanosuspension\u0000was 88.26%. The micromeritic evaluation of obtained spray dried nanoparticles revealed\u0000that the particles were having good flow and compactibility.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000It can be concluded that application of media milling, design of experiment and\u0000spray drying have offered very good copper nanosuspension that has the potential to be\u0000scaled up on industrial scale.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38021,"journal":{"name":"Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44754563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.2174/2405520412666190404144547
H. Santos, Karine L. Buarque da Silva, A. Zanini, Danilo S. Coelho, M. Embiruçu, Marcio Luis Ferreira Nascimento
Brazilian bentonites have a low sodium concentration in their interlayer structure. This is a problem with most of the industrial applications that demand the characteristics of sodium bentonites. As a solution for this limitation, sodium carbonate is added to in natura clays, promoting ion exchange between other interlayer cations with sodium. A process was used based on the principle of Stokes’ Law (BR Patent 10 2013 016298). For this, we used four glass columns in series, in which a high water flow was considered to obtain purified clays. It was proposed as a simple, fast and economical method for sodium determination that was developed and applied in bentonites by flame photometry. The equipment calibration was performed with a NaCl standard solution in concentrations between 80 and 110 ppm. The bentonites in the suspension were separated by means of centrifugation, being thus analyzed by a flame photometer. The samples were prepared according to the manufacturer’s specifications to contain detectable amounts of sodium by means of flame photometry. A resulting linear relationship between the average value readings versus sodium standard content solution (both in ppm) was obtained by the logarithmic scale, as expected. The procedure allowed to define a method that could be used in the sodification control process, thus making it possible to differentiate the sodium cation content in terms of the value of cation exchange capacity (CEC) from bentonite. X-ray analysis of in natura and the sodified clays showed nanostructural differences related to interlayer distance.
{"title":"Flame Photometry Characterization Procedure for Sodium Content in Brazilian Bentonites for Nanotechnology Applications","authors":"H. Santos, Karine L. Buarque da Silva, A. Zanini, Danilo S. Coelho, M. Embiruçu, Marcio Luis Ferreira Nascimento","doi":"10.2174/2405520412666190404144547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2405520412666190404144547","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Brazilian bentonites have a low sodium concentration in their interlayer\u0000structure. This is a problem with most of the industrial applications that demand the\u0000characteristics of sodium bentonites.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000As a solution for this limitation, sodium carbonate is added to in natura clays,\u0000promoting ion exchange between other interlayer cations with sodium.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A process was used based on the principle of Stokes’ Law (BR Patent 10 2013\u0000016298). For this, we used four glass columns in series, in which a high water flow was\u0000considered to obtain purified clays. It was proposed as a simple, fast and economical method\u0000for sodium determination that was developed and applied in bentonites by flame photometry.\u0000The equipment calibration was performed with a NaCl standard solution in concentrations\u0000between 80 and 110 ppm. The bentonites in the suspension were separated by means of centrifugation,\u0000being thus analyzed by a flame photometer.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The samples were prepared according to the manufacturer’s specifications to contain\u0000detectable amounts of sodium by means of flame photometry. A resulting linear relationship\u0000between the average value readings versus sodium standard content solution (both\u0000in ppm) was obtained by the logarithmic scale, as expected.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The procedure allowed to define a method that could be used in the sodification\u0000control process, thus making it possible to differentiate the sodium cation content in terms of\u0000the value of cation exchange capacity (CEC) from bentonite. X-ray analysis of in natura and\u0000the sodified clays showed nanostructural differences related to interlayer distance.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38021,"journal":{"name":"Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48758657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.2174/2405520412666190531114218
A. Salman
Lead ions form a dangerous pollutant to both human and aqua lives when discharged to the environment with wastewater due to the diseases and the damage of the live cells caused by these ions, so, it is very important to find an effective method for lead ions removel. Lead ions were successfully recovered from simulated wastewater by a flowthrough batch recycle electrochemical reactor with stainless steel tubes bundle as a cathode operating under mass transfer control conditions in 0.5 M NaCl electrolyte solution. Effects of initial lead ions concentration, electrolyte flow rate, and PH were studied and the mass transfer coefficient was determined under these conditions. Performance of this reactor was analyzed by the construction of some figures of merit like fractional conversion, specific energy consumption, space-time yield, and space velocity. Experimental results were correlated in the general form of a dimensionless mass transfer correlation as SH = 1.024Re0.00699Sc1/3.
铅离子随废水排放到环境中，对人类和水生生物都是一种危险的污染物，对活细胞造成疾病和损害，因此寻找一种有效的除铅方法非常重要。采用以不锈钢管束为阴极的流式间歇循环电化学反应器，在0.5 M NaCl电解质溶液中进行传质控制，成功地回收了模拟废水中的铅离子。研究了初始铅离子浓度、电解液流速和PH对电解液的影响，并测定了这些条件下的传质系数。通过构建分数转化率、比能耗、空时产率、空速等指标，对该反应器的性能进行了分析。实验结果以无量纲传质关联的一般形式SH = 1.024 re0.00699 sc /3进行关联。
{"title":"Electrodeposition of Lead from Simulated Wastewater Using Stainless Steel Tubes Bundle as Cathode","authors":"A. Salman","doi":"10.2174/2405520412666190531114218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2405520412666190531114218","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000 Lead ions form a dangerous pollutant to both human and aqua lives\u0000when discharged to the environment with wastewater due to the diseases and the damage of\u0000the live cells caused by these ions, so, it is very important to find an effective method for\u0000lead ions removel.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Lead ions were successfully recovered from simulated wastewater by a flowthrough\u0000batch recycle electrochemical reactor with stainless steel tubes bundle as a cathode\u0000operating under mass transfer control conditions in 0.5 M NaCl electrolyte solution. Effects\u0000of initial lead ions concentration, electrolyte flow rate, and PH were studied and the mass\u0000transfer coefficient was determined under these conditions. Performance of this reactor was\u0000analyzed by the construction of some figures of merit like fractional conversion, specific energy\u0000consumption, space-time yield, and space velocity.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Experimental results were correlated in the general form of a dimensionless mass\u0000transfer correlation as SH = 1.024Re0.00699Sc1/3.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38021,"journal":{"name":"Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46113182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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