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Preface 前言
Q3 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2020-01-22 DOI: 10.2174/240552041301200109101719
Y. Tao
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis and Study of 4, 4-12-12 Alkyl Phenol Polyoxyethylene Sulfonate Gemini Surfactant 4,4-12-12烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯磺酸盐Gemini表面活性剂的合成与研究
Q3 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2019-10-28 DOI: 10.2174/2405520412666190723112325
Lu Yan, Fan Ping
Gemini surfactants have good prospect of application developmentin various fields for their superior performance in foaming, wettability, and emulsificationwith lower critical micelle concentration (CMC) than conventional mono-surfactants.The purpose of this study was to synthesize an ionic sulfonate Gemini surfactant,which is mainly used as an oil flooding agent, to improve oil recovery and reduce oil productioncost.With 4-dodecyl phenol, diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol as the raw materialsto synthesize two sulfonate Gemini surfactants. The single factor experiment combinedwith Box-Behnken center composite experimental design, the optimum reaction conditionswere determined. The optimal reaction condition of sulfonation was determined by orthogonaltest. The product structure was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared.The mass fraction of sodium hydroxide ω(NaOH), temperature and the quality ratio ofhexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide to dodecyl phenol were 18%, 93.5°C and 14.2%,respectively. Under the condition of ice bath, the molar ratio of chlorosulfonic acid to 4, 4-12-12 alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether was 2.02:1 and reaction for 5h. The critical micelleconcentration was determined to be 2×10-4, 1.05×10-4, respectively.Two sulfonate Gemini surfactants, namely 5, 5-dilauryl alkyl-2,2'-(diethyleneglycol oxygen base) sodium diphenyl sulfonate and 5,5-dilauryl alkyl-2,2'-(triethylene glycoloxygen base) sodium diphenyl sulfonate (recorded as III and IV, respectively) were synthesized.The synthesized surfactants have excellent emulsification ability.
Gemini表面活性剂具有比传统单表面活性剂更低的临界胶束浓度(CMC),在发泡、润湿和乳化方面具有优异的性能,在各个领域都有很好的应用发展前景,提高采收率,降低采油成本。以4-十二烷基苯酚、二甘醇和三甘醇为原料,合成了两种磺酸型双子表面活性剂。将单因素实验与Box-Behnken中心复合实验设计相结合,确定了最佳反应条件。正交试验确定了磺化反应的最佳反应条件。通过核磁共振和红外光谱对产物结构进行了表征。氢氧化钠质量分数ω(NaOH)、温度和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵与十二烷基苯酚的质量比分别为18%、93.5°C和14.2%。在冰浴条件下,氯磺酸与4,4-12-12烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚的摩尔比为2.02:1,反应5h。临界胶束浓度分别为2×10-4和1.05×10-4。合成了两种磺酸盐Gemini表面活性剂,即5,5-二烷基-2,2'-(二甘醇氧基)二苯磺酸钠和5,5-二酰基烷基-2,2'-(三甘醇氧基基)二苯基磺酸钠(分别记为III和IV)。合成的表面活性剂具有优异的乳化性能。
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引用次数: 1
Influence of Temperature and Shear Rate on Rheological Properties of CTAC/NaSal Aqueous Solution 温度和剪切速率对CTAC/NaSal水溶液流变性能的影响
Q3 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2019-10-28 DOI: 10.2174/2405520412666190731110603
M. Pang, C. Xie
Background: It is very important for understanding the turbulence drag-reducingmechanism and for improving product quality in the fields of pharmaceutical and chemicalengineering to deeply investigate the rheological properties of surfactants solutions. The rheological properties of Cationic surfactant (Cetyltrimethyl AmmoniumChloride)/Sodium salicylate were measured and analyzed with the MCR302 rheometer.The present results show that the shear viscosity of CTAC/NaSal solution with theexception of 0.9375mmol·L-1 can show the Newtonian characteristic, the shear-thickening,the shear-thinning and the stable shear properties with changing shear time. The inductiontime increases with a shear rate as a power law function relation tind=aγb.The shear viscosity of the CTAC/NaSal solution can be divided into three regionswith shear rate, and its flow curve conforms to a linear function in the logarithmic coordinate.When the concentration and the shear rate are relatively high, the viscosity curve ofthe CTAC/NaSal solution appears "platform" at the high temperature. When the shear rate isgreater than 90s-1, the shear viscosity only appears shear thinning with increasing temperature.
背景:深入研究表面活性剂溶液的流变特性,对于理解湍流减阻机理和提高药物和化学工程领域的产品质量具有重要意义。用MCR302流变仪测定和分析了阳离子表面活性剂(十六烷基三甲基氯化铵)/水杨酸钠的流变性能。结果表明,CTAC/NaSal溶液的剪切粘度除0.9375mmol·L-1外,随剪切时间的变化,均表现出牛顿特性、剪切增稠、剪切减薄和稳定的剪切特性。诱导时间随剪切速率的增加而增加,呈幂律函数关系tind=aγb。CTAC/NaSal溶液的剪切粘度随剪切速率可分为三个区域,其流动曲线符合对数坐标系下的线性函数。当浓度和剪切速率较高时,CTAC/NaSal溶液的粘度曲线在高温下呈现“平台”状。当剪切速率大于90s-1时,剪切粘度仅随着温度的升高而出现剪切变稀现象。
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引用次数: 0
Heterogeneous Fenton Catalytic Removal of Organic Pollutant in Aqueous Solution by using Coal Gangue as a Catalyst 煤矸石非均相Fenton催化脱除水中有机污染物的研究
Q3 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2019-10-28 DOI: 10.2174/2405520412666190806120033
Jiwei Zhang, Jingjing Xu, Shuaixia Liu, B. Gu, F. Chen, Qiming Zheng, Chao Li
Coal gangue was used as a catalyst in heterogeneous Fenton processfor the degradation of azo dye and phenol. The influencing factors, such as solution pHgangue concentration and hydrogen peroxide dosage were investigated, and the reactionmechanism between coal gangue and hydrogen peroxide was also discussed.Experimental results showed that coal gangue has the ability to activate hydrogenperoxide to degrade environmental pollutants in aqueous solution. Under optimal conditions,after 60 minutes of treatment, more than 90.57% of reactive red dye was removed, and theremoval efficiency of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) up to 72.83%. Both hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical anion participated in the degradationof organic pollutant but hydroxyl radical predominated. Stability tests for coal gangue werealso carried out via the continuous degradation experiment and ion leakage analysis. Afterfive times continuous degradation, dye removal rate decreased slightly and the leached Fewas still at very low level (2.24-3.02 mg L-1). The results of Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM), energy dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer (EDS) and X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD)indicated that coal gangue catalyst is stable after five times continuous reuse.The progress in this research suggested that coal gangue is a potential naturecatalyst for the efficient degradation of organic pollutant in water and wastewater via theFenton reaction.
以煤矸石为催化剂,采用非均相Fenton法降解偶氮染料和苯酚。考察了煤矸石溶液浓度、双氧水用量等影响因素,探讨了煤矸石与双氧水的反应机理。实验结果表明,煤矸石具有活化过氧化氢降解水溶液中环境污染物的能力。在最优条件下,处理60 min后活性红色染料去除率达90.57%以上,化学需氧量(COD)去除率达72.83%。羟基自由基和超氧自由基阴离子都参与了有机污染物的降解,但羟基自由基占主导地位。通过连续降解实验和离子泄漏分析对煤矸石进行了稳定性试验。连续5次降解后,染料去除率略有下降,浸出的fe2仍处于很低的水平(2.24 ~ 3.02 mg L-1)。扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和x射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)分析结果表明,煤矸石催化剂在连续重复使用5次后仍保持稳定。本研究的进展表明,煤矸石是一种潜在的天然催化剂,可以通过fenton反应高效降解水和废水中的有机污染物。
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引用次数: 0
Model of Aeration Tank for Activated Sludge Process 活性污泥工艺曝气池模型
Q3 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2019-10-28 DOI: 10.2174/2405520412666190828210125
A. Amin, S. Hawash, M. Abdel-Fatah
Background and Objective: A model for the activated sludge aeration reactor isdeveloped to study the effect of operating conditions on biodegradable organic pollutantstreatment. The model was developed and fitted using an experimental study conducted forwastewater collected from meat processing industrial units in Egypt. Inlet biomass and substrateconcentrations are the operating parameters considered in our study.After treatment; biomass outlet concentration was reduced substantially. Afterreaching steady-state operation, outlet biomass concentration was not affected by the inletbiomass concentration, while outlet substrate concentration showed great dependency on theinlet substrate concentration. The model agrees well with the experimental data collectedfrom an industrial activated sludge treatment unit.By varying process parameters, the model can be used effectively to predict andoptimize the system behavior under different operating conditions. Varying the substrateconcentration may lead to optimizing the process conditions for the system under study.
背景与目的:建立活性污泥曝气反应器模型,研究操作条件对生物降解有机污染物处理的影响。该模型是利用对埃及肉类加工工业单位收集的废水进行的实验研究开发和拟合的。入口生物量和底物浓度是我们研究中考虑的操作参数。治疗后;生物质出口浓度大幅降低。达到稳态运行后,出口生物量浓度不受进口生物量浓度的影响,而出口底物浓度对进口底物浓度有很大的依赖性。该模型与工业活性污泥处理装置的实验数据吻合较好。通过改变工艺参数,该模型可以有效地预测和优化不同工况下的系统行为。改变底物浓度可以优化所研究系统的工艺条件。
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引用次数: 1
The Use of Ultrasound in Bio-Treatment of Jute Yarn with Laccase Enzyme 超声波在漆酶生物处理黄麻纱中的应用
Q3 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2019-10-28 DOI: 10.2174/2405520412666190731120559
A. Zolriasatein
Jute fiber is highly sensitive to the action of light.Significant features of the photochemical changes lose its tensile strength and develop a yellowcolor. It has been proved that the phenolic structure of lignin is responsible for the yellowingof jute fiber. In order to remove lignin, jute yarns were treated with laccase enzymein different treatment times and ultrasonic powers. Lower whiteness index and higher yellownessindex values were obtained by the laccase-ultrasound system in contrast to conventionallaccase treatment.The laccase enzyme which entered the fibers by applying ultrasound, decreasedthe tensile strength while the loss in tensile strength was lower at high ultrasound intensities.FT-IR spectrum showed that the band at 1634 cm-1 assigned to lignin completely disappearedafter laccase treatment in the presence of ultrasound. The absence of this peak in thelaccase-ultrasound treated jute yarn suggests complete removal of lignin. Change in themorphology of fibers was observed by SEM before and after enzymatic delignification. Thelaccase-ultrasound treated yarns showed a rougher surface and more porosity. On the otherhand, it was more effective in fibrillation of the jute fibers than the conventional method. Finally,bio-treated jute yarns were dyed with basic and reactive dyes.The results indicated that at low intensities of ultrasound and relatively long reactiontimes, lignin can be more effectively removed and dye strength (K/S) increased to a higherextent. Laccase-ultrasound treatment increased the color strength by 33.65% and 23.40% forreactive and basic dyes respectively.In the case of light fastness, the conventional laccase treated yarns providedbetter protection than laccase-ultrasound treated yarns.
黄麻纤维对光的作用高度敏感。光化学变化的显著特征使其失去抗拉强度并呈现黄色。研究表明,木质素的酚类结构是黄麻纤维变黄的主要原因。为去除黄麻纱线中的木质素,采用漆酶酶对黄麻纱线进行不同处理次数和超声功率的处理。与常规漆酶处理相比,漆酶超声系统获得了较低的白度指数和较高的黄度指数。超声作用下,漆酶进入纤维后,纤维的抗拉强度降低,高超声作用下,纤维的抗拉强度损失较小。傅里叶变换红外光谱显示,漆酶处理后木质素的1634 cm-1波段在超声存在下完全消失。在酶-超声处理的黄麻纱线中没有这个峰表明木质素被完全去除。通过扫描电镜观察酶解木质素前后纤维形态的变化。超声处理后的纱线表面粗糙,孔隙率更高。另一方面,它对黄麻纤维的纤颤比常规方法更有效。最后,用碱性染料和活性染料对生物处理后的黄麻纱线进行染色。结果表明,在较低的超声强度和较长的反应时间下,木质素可以更有效地去除,染料强度(K/S)得到较大程度的提高。漆酶超声处理后,活性染料和碱性染料的颜色强度分别提高了33.65%和23.40%。在光牢度方面,传统漆酶处理纱线比漆酶超声处理纱线提供更好的保护。
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引用次数: 1
Meet Our Associate Editorial Board Member 见见我们的副编辑委员会成员
Q3 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2019-10-28 DOI: 10.2174/240552041204191008152838
A. Al-Rawajfeh
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引用次数: 0
The Formation of Manganous Dithionate in the Manganese Oxide Flue Gas Desulfurization 氧化锰烟气脱硫过程中二硫代锰的形成
Q3 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2019-10-28 DOI: 10.2174/2405520412666190821102847
Pengyan Pu, Lin Yang, Lu Yao, Xia Jiang, Wenju Jiang
The Manganous Dithionate (MnS2O6, MD) was formed during the flue gas desulfurization process over manganese ore slurry, which impeded thefollowing valuable using of the desulfurized lixivium. In this study, the MD formation andrestraint in the desulfurization process using manganese was carefully investigated.Different type of manganese oxides/carbonate was used for the flue gasdesulfurization, and the MD formation with the process was detected to obtain the basic informationof the MD formation and restraint. The MD was directly formed by the uncompletedoxidation of SO2 with MnO2. The increased MD formation by Mn2O3, Mn3O4 andMnCO3 was due to their influence on the pH of slurry. Processability study showed that anincrease in the acidity of slurry, the gaseous oxygen content and reaction temperature couldinhibit the MD formation effectively. The optimum operating conditions to restrain the MDformation were temperature higher than 60°C, 10% or more oxygen and slurry pH lowerthan 3. The formed MD content was different with the different manganese compounds,which cloud be controlled by the ore-proportioning in industrial application.Using anolyte to prepare the manganese slurry for desulfurization could performa good MD formation restraint, which provided valuable technical support for thecleaner production of electrolytic manganese industry.
在锰矿浆的烟气脱硫过程中,形成了锰二硫代物(MnS2O6,MD),阻碍了脱硫浸出液的后续有价值的使用。在本研究中,仔细研究了锰脱硫过程中MD的形成和应变。采用不同类型的氧化锰/碳酸锰进行烟气脱硫,并检测了该过程中MD的形成,获得了MD形成和抑制的基本信息。MD是通过SO2与MnO2的非共氧化直接形成的。Mn2O3、Mn3O4和MnCO3增加MD的形成是由于它们对浆料pH的影响。可加工性研究表明,提高浆料的酸度、气体氧含量和反应温度可以有效地抑制MD的形成。抑制MD形成的最佳操作条件是温度高于60°C,氧气含量为10%或更多,浆液pH低于3。不同的锰化合物形成的MD含量不同,在工业应用中可能受矿石配比的控制。用阳极电解液制备脱硫用锰浆,可以很好地抑制MD的形成,为电解锰工业的清洁生产提供了宝贵的技术支持。
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引用次数: 1
Application and Development of Green Scale Inhibitor: A Mini- Review 绿色阻垢剂的应用与发展综述
Q3 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2019-10-21 DOI: 10.2174/2405520412666190723161345
G. Jing, Kai Guo, Zhengnan Sun, Hailin Yu, Yang Liu
Green scale inhibitor has the characteristics of high-efficiency, multifunctional,non-toxic and biodegradable, so it is widely used in water treatment. Some scale inhibitorssuch as polyaspartic acid type, polyepoxysuccinic acid type and poly Valley are reviewed inthis paper. By investigating green scale inhibitors, it is proposed that the complexes of aminoacid scale inhibitors and their copolymers should be the focus of future research. The developmentdirection of new green scale inhibitors is pointed out, which provides reference andbasis for the research and development of new water treatment scale inhibitors in the future.
绿色阻垢剂具有高效、多功能、无毒、可生物降解等特点,在水处理中得到广泛应用。本文综述了聚天冬氨酸型、聚氧琥珀酸型、聚谷型等阻垢剂的研究进展。通过对绿色阻垢剂的研究,提出氨基酸阻垢剂及其共聚物的配合物应是今后研究的重点。指出了新型绿色阻垢剂的发展方向,为今后新型水处理阻垢剂的研究与开发提供了参考和依据。
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引用次数: 1
Meet Our Editorial Board Member 会见我们的编辑委员会成员
Q3 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2019-10-21 DOI: 10.2174/240552041203190918105125
A. Indarto
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引用次数: 0
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Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering
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