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Beyond the Disciplinary Sector: Theories, Methods and Topics of Latin American Sociology over the last 25 Years 超越学科领域:拉丁美洲社会学25年的理论、方法和主题
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-26 DOI: 10.13136/ISR.V11I1.418
Michele Barbieri
This essay is a contribution to the existing debate on the progress of sociological scientific production over the last 25 years (1991-2016). In contemporary society, the exponential developments consolidate or refute the sense of the implementation of theories, methods and topics in the sociological sciences. Besides, Sociology addresses new topics that require an innovative empirical framework, beneficial on understanding the complexity of reality and to respond to any new challenges. Starting from an analytical assessment of the report 25 Anos de Sociologia , edited by Alexis Romero Salazar (2017), this article aims to highlight the progression of several disciplinary sectors of Latin American sociological production. Whereas it is difficult to include all the sociological areas in this overview, the choice fell on the following: education, family, religion, economy, political processes, communication, migration and – last but not least – the recognition of the empirical significance of social imaginary.
这篇文章是对过去25年(1991-2016)来关于社会学科学生产进展的现有辩论的贡献。在当代社会中,指数级的发展巩固或反驳了社会学理论、方法和主题的实施感。此外,社会学涉及需要创新的经验框架的新主题,有助于理解现实的复杂性并应对任何新的挑战。本文从Alexis Romero Salazar(2017)编辑的报告《25 Anos de Sociologia》的分析评估开始,旨在强调拉丁美洲社会学生产的几个学科部门的进展。尽管很难将所有社会学领域纳入这一概述,但选择权落在了以下方面:教育、家庭、宗教、经济、政治进程、沟通、移民,以及——最后但并非最不重要的——对社会想象的经验意义的承认。
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引用次数: 0
How COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown Has Affected Sports Practice COVID-19大流行封锁如何影响体育实践
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.13136/isr.v11i5S.474
B. Mazza
The recent pandemic generated by COVID-19 has changed how sports are habitually practised, necessitating a form of at-home sport to enable practitioners to continue exercising and training. This also touches upon how sports are ‘delivered', with home-based consumers having control over the times, ways and spaces given to sport, as transmitted by digital means. During lockdown, opportunities to take advantage of apps and content and/or follow online lessons on social networks notably intensified. These changes in sports practice generate a series of research objectives, to determine: how digital media has created a new environment for socializing and sports practice;how digital devices are used to play home sports;and which players encourage people to exercise at home. With these objectives in mind, a two-phase research was launched at the SapienzaSport centre. The first questioned a group of about 600 practitioners, with a relatively high cultural and socioeconomic level along with access to digital opportunities, to investigate their sports habits during lockdown. The goal was to focus on those not negatively affected by the digital divide. The second phase aimed at studying the subsequent implications, starting from September 2020 (when sports-related activities resumed in Italy), while understanding whether and in what way doing physical activity had changed. In this paper we report and analyse the main results. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.
最近由COVID-19引起的大流行改变了体育运动的习惯,需要一种家庭运动形式,使从业者能够继续锻炼和训练。这也涉及到体育是如何“传递”的,以家庭为基础的消费者可以控制体育的时间、方式和空间,通过数字手段传播。在封锁期间,利用应用程序和内容和/或在社交网络上学习在线课程的机会明显增加。体育实践中的这些变化产生了一系列的研究目标,以确定:数字媒体如何为社交和体育实践创造了一个新的环境;数字设备如何被用于进行家庭体育活动;哪些玩家鼓励人们在家锻炼。考虑到这些目标,SapienzaSport中心开展了两阶段的研究。第一项研究调查了大约600名从业人员,他们具有相对较高的文化和社会经济水平,并能接触到数字机会,以调查他们在封锁期间的体育习惯。目标是关注那些没有受到数字鸿沟负面影响的人。第二阶段旨在研究随后的影响,从2020年9月开始(体育相关活动在意大利恢复),同时了解体育活动是否发生了变化,以及以何种方式发生了变化。本文对主要结果进行了报道和分析。©2021。版权所有。
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引用次数: 1
Sports Brands Communication in the ‘COVID' Age: Strategies, Representations, Identity and Consumption 新冠时代的运动品牌传播:策略、表征、认同与消费
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.13136/isr.v11i5S.476
G. Russo, L. Tallarita
The paper investigates the role of brand communication during the first period of pandemic age, in which Sport and PA were also called to redesign behaviours, cultural and consumer practices as well as to answer new questions of meaning. The new spirit of the time we are living in, is characterized by the domination of the medical-scientific language, and by a strong contraction of the economy in which trends and fashions appear scaled down and subordinate to new goals of well-being. The pandemic has increased the digitized experiences of sports practices, bringing out more and more aspects of individualism, narcissism, which are combined with a continuous search for well-being, health, beauty, fashion. Sports brands therefore appear as social spaces to observe the changes in sports communication and its consumption practices. The paper analysis how — during the first lockdown — the story-telling of sports brands has changed values, going to new socially responsible commitments in terms of global health and security. Following the multidimensional theory of communication, some emblematic cases of global sports brands are investigated through qualitative methods, in order to highlight the emergence of new issues: representations, identities, rules and consumption as innovative aspects of sports cultural production. The aim is to show sport and PA as a sort of pandemic “domestication” of the social reality we are experiencing. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.
本文调查了品牌传播在流行病时代的第一阶段的作用,其中体育和PA也被要求重新设计行为,文化和消费者的做法,以及回答新的问题的意义。我们所生活的时代的新精神,其特点是医学语言的主导地位,以及经济的强烈收缩,趋势和时尚似乎缩小了规模,从属于新的幸福目标。大流行增加了体育实践的数字化体验,带来了越来越多的个人主义、自恋的方面,这些方面与对幸福、健康、美丽和时尚的不断追求相结合。因此,体育品牌作为社会空间出现,观察体育传播及其消费行为的变化。本文分析了在第一次封锁期间,运动品牌的故事讲述如何改变了价值观,在全球健康和安全方面做出了新的社会责任承诺。遵循传播学的多维度理论,通过定性的方法研究了一些全球运动品牌的标志性案例,以突出新问题的出现:表征、身份、规则和消费作为体育文化生产的创新方面。其目的是将体育和体育运动表现为我们正在经历的社会现实的一种流行的“驯化”。©2021。版权所有。
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引用次数: 0
Childcare and Remote Work during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Ideal Worker Model, Parenthood and Gender Inequalities in Italy 新冠肺炎大流行期间的儿童保育和远程工作。理想工人模式、父母关系与意大利的性别不平等
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-06 DOI: 10.13136/ISR.V10I3S.399
Maddalena Cannito, A. Scavarda
The paper illustrates the results of a qualitative study conducted in Italy during the lockdown, and aimed at investigating the consequences of remote work on work-life balance and gender inequalities in the division of paid and unpaid labor within heterosexual couples. Drawing from 20 online in-depth interviews with 10 heterosexual couples, the paper highlights the expansion of work over other domains, which worsened with remote work. Even if for some interviewed men it was an occasion to experience a more involved fatherhood, for the majority of them a rethinking of their commitment in paid work is inconceivable. Conversely, mothers are more keen on considering job requests as negotiable and perceive a pervasive interference of work on family life, while their husbands often claim that childcare activities may reduce their productivity. Remote work does not allow the redefinition of the working models and does not improve the work-life balance of interviewed couples, which is still considerably unbalanced towards job, with a limited space and time for individual activities. Moreover, remote work, even in this unprecedented extreme situation, does not modify gender normative roles within domestic domain and thus it reproduces and sometimes exacerbates gender inequalities with women trying to balance their double role and fathers expanding the time devoted to work.
该论文阐述了封锁期间在意大利进行的一项定性研究的结果,旨在调查远程工作对工作与生活平衡的影响,以及异性恋夫妇在有偿和无偿劳动分工中的性别不平等。该论文对10对异性恋夫妇进行了20次在线深入采访,强调了工作对其他领域的扩展,而远程工作使这种情况更加恶化。即使对一些接受采访的男性来说,这是一个体验更多父亲身份的机会,但对他们中的大多数人来说,重新思考他们对有偿工作的承诺是不可思议的。相反,母亲们更热衷于将工作请求视为可协商的,并认为工作对家庭生活的普遍干扰,而她们的丈夫经常声称育儿活动可能会降低她们的生产力。远程工作不允许重新定义工作模式,也不能改善受访夫妇的工作与生活平衡,他们对工作仍然相当不平衡,个人活动的空间和时间有限。此外,即使在这种前所未有的极端情况下,远程工作也不会改变家庭领域内的性别规范角色,因此它再现并有时加剧了性别不平等,因为妇女试图平衡她们的双重角色,而父亲则扩大了工作时间。
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引用次数: 21
Trust and Civic Engagement in the Italian COVID-19 Lockdown 意大利新冠肺炎封锁中的信任和公民参与
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-06 DOI: 10.13136/ISR.V10I3S.405
Sandro Stanzani
The paper presents considerations on the possible consequences associated with the lockdown condition that ensued on the coronavirus pandemic. On the one hand, the infection brought about a notable intensification of primary relationships, in particular within the family and the domestic space in general, while, on the other hand and especially at the start, it generated strong symbolic integration, shown for example by events such as flashmobs and other forms of the grassroot involvement of individuals. Through empirical research data, we will attempt to understand to what extent the cultural climate prevalent in Italy through March and April influenced the attitudes of the Italians in terms of general interpersonal trust or trust in the institutions, as well as in terms of culture and civic engagement. For this purpose, the paper uses data taken from two empirical research on a sample of about 1,000 cases among the Italian population. It will be compared the evidence resulting from a first survey realized at the end of 2017 and the data collected in a second survey carried out on a sample of the same size (that presents a panel quota of 700 cases) ending on April 30 2020, i.e., at the end of the lockdown period. The variables to be analysed are relative to general interpersonal trust, trust in the institutions and civic engagement activities. Such items will function as dependent variables and will be analysed in a diachronic perspective comparing the two panel samples. Furthermore, they will be observed in relation to their distribution throughout Italy, to the age of the interviewees and to their civil status, in an attempt to discover any connection between family life and the attitude towards civil society, keeping in mind the dynamics triggered in everyday life by the pandemic.
该论文介绍了与冠状病毒大流行后的封锁条件相关的可能后果。一方面,感染导致了初级关系的显著强化,特别是在家庭和家庭空间内,而另一方面,尤其是在一开始,它产生了强烈的象征性融合,例如暴民和其他形式的个人基层参与等事件。通过实证研究数据,我们将试图了解意大利3月和4月流行的文化氛围在多大程度上影响了意大利人在人际信任或对机构的信任方面以及在文化和公民参与方面的态度。为此,本文使用了来自两项实证研究的数据,该研究以意大利人口中约1000例病例为样本。将对2017年底进行的第一次调查得出的证据与2020年4月30日(即封锁期结束时)对相同规模样本进行的第二次调查中收集的数据进行比较。要分析的变量与一般人际信任、对机构的信任和公民参与活动有关。这些项目将作为因变量,并将从历时的角度对两个面板样本进行比较分析。此外,还将观察他们在意大利各地的分布、受访者的年龄和公民身份,试图发现家庭生活与对公民社会的态度之间的任何联系,同时考虑到疫情在日常生活中引发的动态。
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引用次数: 9
Gender-Based Violence against Women in Intimate and Couple Relationships. The Case of Spain and Italy during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown 亲密关系和夫妻关系中对妇女的基于性别的暴力。新冠肺炎疫情封锁期间西班牙和意大利的病例
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-06 DOI: 10.13136/ISR.V10I3S.402
Stellamarina Donato
This article addresses the issue of gender-based violence against women (GBVAW) during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. With an emphasis on intimate partner violence (IPV), it focuses on the degree of government responsiveness to this issue and compares the cases of Spain and Italy: two European countries that – from March to May 2020 – were among the hardest hit during the coronavirus pandemic. The aim of this paper is twofold: to investigate how the two nation-states dealt with violence against women (VAW) during the pandemic – which mostly refers to intimate and couple relationships – and to compare their different degrees of government responsiveness in this specific section of progressive social policies. While COVID-19 was spreading, the country ruled by Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez proved to be very active in advancing practical guidelines and measures to deal with GBVAW, whereas Italy, governed by Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte, didn’t act likewise. The article adopts a multi-method approach and argues that the way a specific society presents a social phenomenon influences its response in terms of policies. Furthermore, this investigation claims that the dialogue between civil society and the institutional level needs to be reinvigorated in order to comprehensively address GBVAW. Perhaps, by presenting a comparison between similar cases in a situation of emergency, this article could serve this aim.
本文探讨了新冠肺炎疫情封锁期间基于性别的暴力侵害妇女行为(GBVAW)问题。它强调亲密伴侣暴力(IPV),重点关注政府对这一问题的反应程度,并比较了西班牙和意大利的案例:这两个欧洲国家在2020年3月至5月期间是冠状病毒大流行期间受打击最严重的国家之一。本文的目的有两个:调查这两个民族国家在疫情期间如何应对暴力侵害妇女行为(VAW)——主要指亲密关系和夫妻关系——并比较他们在进步社会政策的这一特定部分中政府的不同反应程度。尽管新冠肺炎正在蔓延,但事实证明,由总理佩德罗·桑切斯统治的国家非常积极地推进了应对GBVAW的实际指导方针和措施,而由总理朱塞佩·孔特统治的意大利则没有采取同样的行动。本文采用了一种多方法的方法,认为特定社会呈现社会现象的方式会影响其政策反应。此外,这项调查声称,需要重振民间社会与机构一级之间的对话,以全面解决基于性别的暴力侵害妇女问题。也许,通过对紧急情况下的类似案例进行比较,这篇文章可以达到这一目的。
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引用次数: 9
Relational Violence in Emergency Conditions. A Methodological Proposal Based on Personal Network Analysis 紧急情况下的关系暴力。基于个人网络分析的方法建议
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-06 DOI: 10.13136/ISR.V10I3S.403
L. Toschi
The issue of gender-based violence, in addition to representing a theme with a strong emotional impact, offers a demonstration of how interpersonal relationships, far from being a merely private fact, are indicative of the cultural structures present in post-industrial societies. This article proposes – also making use of the possibilities offered by the specialized statistical software – the profitable inclusion of the Social Network Analysis in the confines of a sociological paradigm autonomous from a theoretical point of view, according to the line traced by Randall Collins in the 80s, but above all applied to social problems traditionally external to it, such as private violence and gender victimization processes. The pandemic condition, as reported by many commentators and daily reports, worsened borderline situations of domestic violence also due to the co-presence forced by the lockdown, suggesting specialists new ways of research and help strategies for both confirmed and potential victims. In this research note we want to present an investigation model based on the Personal Network Analysis technique in conditions of strong psychological deprivation and intersubjective pressure on women victims of abuse, also referring to a research-intervention carried out in 2019 at Sapienza University of Rome: an in-depth feasibility study conducted with the collaboration of ‘Centro Donna Lilith’ located in Latina (Lazio, Italy).
基于性别的暴力问题除了是一个具有强烈情感影响的主题之外,还表明人际关系远非仅仅是私人事实,而是反映了后工业社会中存在的文化结构。这篇文章提出——也利用了专业统计软件提供的可能性——在社会学范式的范围内,根据兰德尔·柯林斯在80年代所追踪的路线,从理论的角度来看,将社会网络分析纳入有益的范畴,但最重要的是应用于传统上外部的社会问题,如私人暴力和性别受害过程。正如许多评论员和每日报道所报道的那样,大流行的情况恶化了家庭暴力的边缘情况,这也是由于封锁所迫使的共同存在,这为专家们提出了新的研究方法和帮助已确诊和潜在受害者的策略。在本研究报告中,我们想提出一个基于个人网络分析技术的调查模型,该模型基于对虐待女性受害者的强烈心理剥夺和主体间压力,也参考了2019年在罗马萨皮恩扎大学进行的一项研究干预:与位于Latina(拉齐奥,意大利)的“Centro Donna Lilith”合作进行的深入可行性研究。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of COVID-19 on Family Relationships in Italy: Withdrawal on the Nuclear Family 2019冠状病毒病对意大利家庭关系的影响:核心家庭的退出
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-06 DOI: 10.13136/ISR.V10I3S.394
S. Mazzucchelli, M. Bosoni, L. Medina
The health emergency linked to the spread of COVID-19 has profoundly transformed people’s lives, both from the point of view of family and significant relationships, and at work, substantially modifying the relationship between these two significant areas. This contribution is aimed at assessing how Italian families are facing the current situation in dealing with work and care responsibilities using data from a CAWI study done during Phase 1 of the emergency (full lockdown, from March to April 2020) that surveyed over 1,391 participants, 73% women, (M age = 47; SD = 11.3). Findings from this study will contribute to a more thorough understanding of how people have reconciled work and care responsibilities during the lockdown, as well as their coping strategies. Findings from multivariate analysis have shown how health emergency and the related containment measures impact both personal/parental and work spheres, producing negative effects on the specific group of working parents, especially women. The 78% of respondents indicated that they continued to work mostly from home (62%) while simultaneously taking care of children. Moreover, married women and young people, and those without children, performed more effective coping strategies. Such results reveal the challenges of a nuclear family unit, wherein parents are separated from parental networks and time between family and work must be reconciled. Such problems are particularly challenging for women.
与COVID-19传播相关的突发卫生事件深刻地改变了人们的生活,无论是从家庭和重要关系的角度还是从工作的角度来看,都极大地改变了这两个重要领域之间的关系。这项贡献旨在利用CAWI在紧急情况第一阶段(全面封锁,2020年3月至4月)进行的一项研究的数据,评估意大利家庭在处理工作和护理责任方面面临的现状,该研究调查了1,391多名参与者,其中73%为女性,(年龄= 47岁;Sd = 11.3)。这项研究的结果将有助于更全面地了解人们在封锁期间如何协调工作和护理责任,以及他们的应对策略。多变量分析的结果表明,突发卫生事件和相关的遏制措施如何影响个人/父母和工作领域,对特定的工作父母群体,特别是妇女产生负面影响。78%的受访者表示,他们继续主要在家工作(62%),同时照顾孩子。此外,已婚妇女和年轻人以及没有孩子的人表现出更有效的应对策略。这样的结果揭示了核心家庭单位的挑战,父母与父母网络分离,家庭和工作之间的时间必须协调。这些问题对女性来说尤其具有挑战性。
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引用次数: 7
Family and Family Relations at the Time of COVID-19: An Introduction 2019冠状病毒病时期的家庭和家庭关系:导论
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-06 DOI: 10.13136/ISR.V10I3S.393
P. D. Nicola, E. Ruspini
They do not come from another planet and they are not born out of thin air. The perpetrators of the next pandemic are already among us, they are viruses that today affect animals but that could at any moment make a leap of species – a spillover in technical jargon – and also affect humans...’ These words, taken from a review, feature in the blurb for the Italian translation of David Quammen’s Spillover . Animal Infections and the Next Human Pandemic , published by Adelphi in 2014 two years after the original English edition. Given the experience that the whole world is currently living through, it may sound like a self-fulfilling prophecy has transformed the projections of the near or distant future in many science-fiction films into reality. Instead, though, the sentences actually lead us back to a distant past in antiquity and the Middle Ages when social isolation and distancing were adopted as measures to contain and fight the plague, a long-term epidemic that spread throughout Europe, tragically decimating the population and drastically slowing down economic and social development with negative repercussions that lasted for decades. The rapidity of the spread of the current pandemic and the difficulty in stemming the flow bring to mind the thinking of two scholars of modernity: Ulrich Beck and Anthony Giddens. While the former underlines that risks become global in an increasingly globalised and interconnected society, the latter stresses that issues of trust and risk have changed in late modernity, and that many of these risks are the result of the ever-more invasive and aggressive impact of man on the environment.  [...]
它们不是来自另一个星球,也不是凭空产生的。下一次疫情的肇事者已经在我们中间了,他们是今天影响动物的病毒,但在任何时候都可能导致物种的飞跃——用技术术语来说是一种溢出——也会影响人类……”这些单词取自一篇评论,出现在大卫·夸门的《溢出》意大利语翻译的简介中。《动物感染与下一次人类大流行病》,阿德尔菲在英文原版两年后于2014年出版。考虑到整个世界目前正在经历的经历,这听起来可能是一个自我实现的预言,它将许多科幻电影中对近期或远期的预测变成了现实。然而,这些句子实际上让我们回到了古代和中世纪的遥远过去,当时采取了社会隔离和保持距离的措施来遏制和抗击瘟疫,瘟疫是一种在整个欧洲蔓延的长期流行病,悲惨地毁灭了人口,并大大减缓了经济和社会发展,产生了持续数十年的负面影响。当前疫情的快速传播和阻断疫情的困难让人想起了两位现代性学者的想法:乌尔里希·贝克和安东尼·吉登斯。前者强调,在日益全球化和相互关联的社会中,风险是全球性的,而后者强调,信任和风险问题在现代晚期发生了变化,其中许多风险是人类对环境越来越具有侵略性和侵略性的影响的结果。[…]
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引用次数: 2
Families, Relational Scenarios and Emotions in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic COVID-19大流行时期的家庭、关系情景和情绪
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-06 DOI: 10.13136/ISR.V10I3S.396
Santina Musolino
This paper will focus on the impact that the COVID-19 emergency and the policies and decisions taken to deal with it (mostly lockdown and social distancing) have had on interpersonal relationships. In particular, it will explore the changes and relational scenarios which have emerged within the patterns of daily family life in the context of a temporary social deprivation caused by the pandemic. To explore this topic, the following contribution will draw on the most recent scientific literature on the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects moving within the theoretical framework of the sociology of emotions. The paper will also discuss how the exploration of emotional life, given its relational nature, can offer interesting sociological reflections on the consequences of COVID-19 on individuals’ perceptions of others and, in doing so, can also suggest new research paths to follow.
本文将重点关注COVID-19紧急情况以及为应对疫情(主要是封锁和保持社交距离)而采取的政策和决定对人际关系的影响。特别是,它将探讨在这种流行病造成暂时的社会剥夺的情况下,在日常家庭生活模式中出现的变化和相关情况。为了探讨这一主题,以下贡献将在情感社会学的理论框架内借鉴有关COVID-19大流行及其影响的最新科学文献。本文还将讨论,鉴于情感生活的关系性质,对情感生活的探索如何能够就COVID-19对个人对他人看法的影响提供有趣的社会学反思,并在此过程中提出新的研究路径。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Italian Sociological Review
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