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A Case for Coexistence of Different Potting Practices – Baltic Ware in Latvia 不同种植方法共存的案例——拉脱维亚的波罗的海陶器
Q4 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.24916/iansa.2021.2.9
Alise Gunarssonne, Baiba Dumpe, Vanda Visocka, A. Brēķis
Latvia in the 11th–13th century poses a curious case for the coexistence of two different practices of Baltic ware production. The Baltic ware pots from lower reaches of the River Daugava and from the Courland region look not just stylistically, but also technologically different. Our paper assessed the production traces by using macro-observations, Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) and extensive ethnographic material of Slavic pottery production of the 1900s, as well as using modern replicas as visual aids to assist in the identification of the principal coil attachment methods. The results showed that potters from the lower reaches of Daugava used the wheel’s rotation extensively during the shaping process of Baltic ware. The production of the pots required the potter to possess a level of technical skill which implied a level of professionalisation. Baltic ware from Courland was less technically complicated and used comparatively more of the methods of handmade pottery production.
11 - 13世纪的拉脱维亚是波罗的海两种不同的陶器生产方式共存的一个奇怪的例子。来自道加瓦河下游和库尔兰地区的波罗的海陶器不仅在风格上,而且在技术上也有所不同。我们的论文通过宏观观察、反射变换成像(RTI)和20世纪斯拉夫陶器生产的大量民族志材料来评估生产痕迹,并使用现代复制品作为视觉辅助工具来帮助识别主要的线圈连接方法。结果表明,来自道加瓦河下游的陶工在波罗的海陶器的成型过程中广泛使用了轮子的旋转。陶器的制作需要陶工具备一定的技术水平,这意味着一定程度的专业化。来自库尔兰的波罗的海陶器在技术上不那么复杂,使用的手工制陶方法相对较多。
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引用次数: 1
Identifying Wheel-Thrown Vases in Middle Minoan Crete? Preliminary Analysis of Experimental Replicas of Plain Handleless Conical Cups from Protopalatial Phaistos 鉴别中米诺斯克里特的车轮投掷花瓶?原柱面无柄圆锥杯实验复制品的初步分析
Q4 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.24916/iansa.2021.2.7
Ilaria Caloi
Recent work in Middle Bronze Age Crete has revealed that most Protopalatial or First Palace period pottery is produced through the use of a combination of coil-building and the wheel, i.e., wheelcoiling. Experimental work conducted on pottery from Minoan sites of Northern and Eastern Crete (e.g., Knossos, Myrtos Pyrgos, Palaikastro) has indeed determined that Minoan potters did not develop the skills required to adopt the wheel-throwing technique. However, my recent technological study of Protopalatial ceramic material from Middle Minoan IIA (19th century BC) deposits from the First Palace at Phaistos, in Southern Crete, has revealed that though pottery was produced by the wheelcoiling techniques, yet other forming techniques were practised too. In this paper I present a preliminary analysis of experimental replicas of MM IIA Phaistian plain handleless conical cups, manufactured on the potter’s wheel using three different forming techniques: wheel-pinching, wheel-coiling, and throwing-off-the-hump. This analysis will proffer answers to several questions on the use of the potter’s wheel in Middle Bronze Age Crete and opens the possibility that at MM IIA Phaistos there co-existed potters who had developed skills to employ different forming techniques on the wheel, including possibly that of throwing-off-the-hump.
最近在中期青铜时代克里特岛的工作表明,大多数原始的或第一宫殿时期的陶器是通过使用线圈和轮子的结合来生产的,即车轮卷绕。对克里特岛北部和东部的米诺斯遗址(如克诺索斯、Myrtos Pyrgos、Palaikastro)陶器进行的实验工作确实确定了米诺斯陶工没有掌握采用抛轮技术所需的技能。然而,我最近对克里特岛南部菲斯托斯第一宫殿的中米诺斯IIA(公元前19世纪)沉积物中的原始陶瓷材料进行的技术研究表明,尽管陶器是由轮卷技术生产的,但也采用了其他成型技术。在本文中,我提出了一个初步的分析,MM IIA Phaistian无柄圆锥杯的实验复制品,在陶工的车轮上制造,使用三种不同的成形技术:车轮夹紧,车轮卷绕和甩出驼峰。这一分析将为关于青铜时代中期克里特岛陶器轮的使用提供几个问题的答案,并开启了一种可能性,即在费斯托斯时期,陶工们已经掌握了在轮子上使用不同成型技术的技能,包括可能的抛峰技术。
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引用次数: 0
Material Methods; Considering Ceramic Raw Materials and the Spread of the Potter‘s Wheel in Early Iron Age Southern Iberia 材料方法;考虑陶瓷原料和早期铁器时代南部伊比利亚的陶工轮的传播
Q4 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.24916/iansa.2021.2.16
B. D. de Groot
This paper discusses the role of clay selection and preparation in the production of wheel-made pottery in Early Iron Age southern Iberia. The first systematic use of potter’s wheels in the production of Early Iron Age ceramics in southern Iberia corresponds to the establishment of pottery workshops associated with Phoenician trade colonies, dating to the period between the end of the 10th and 7th century BCE. There are still many gaps in our understanding of how technological knowledge was transmitted between the Phoenician workshops and “indigenous’ communities that adopted the potter’s wheel. This paper draws upon a growing body of archaeometric and ceramic technological research to consider clay selection strategies in these new workshops. Secondly, this paper will consider the role of ceramic raw materials in the development of new “hybrid’ ceramic forms, particularly grey-ware. It will hereby provide theoretical considerations surrounding the significance of material cultural hybridity in answering questions raised by postcolonial archaeologists about identity, cultural transmission and hybridisation in the context of the Phoenician colonial system.
本文讨论了早期伊比利亚南部铁器时代轮制陶器生产中粘土的选择和制备的作用。在伊比利亚南部,第一次系统地使用陶工的轮子生产早期铁器时代的陶瓷,与腓尼基贸易殖民地的陶器作坊的建立相对应,可以追溯到公元前10世纪末到公元前7世纪之间。对于技术知识是如何在腓尼基作坊和采用陶轮的“土著”社区之间传播的,我们的理解仍然存在许多差距。本文借鉴了越来越多的考古和陶瓷技术研究来考虑这些新车间的粘土选择策略。其次,本文将考虑陶瓷原料在发展新的“混合”陶瓷形式,特别是灰色陶瓷中的作用。本文将围绕物质文化混杂的意义提供理论思考,以回答后殖民考古学家在腓尼基殖民体系背景下提出的关于身份、文化传播和混杂的问题。
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引用次数: 2
Reinventing the Wheel: Perpetual Innovation in Sinhalese Potter Assemblages 重新发明轮子:僧伽罗陶艺组合的永恒创新
Q4 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.24916/iansa.2021.2.11
D. Winslow
This paper describes a linked series of potter’s wheel reinventions and abandonments from the mid-20th century through 2013. The wheel is analysed as one element in a complex and dynamic assemblage of people, resources, technologies, meanings, places, and time. Primary data come from ethnographic observations and interviews in a Sinhalese Sri Lankan potter community followed since 1974. As they shifted from one potter’s wheel to another, these potters have altered social and physical supporting technologies for procuring and preparing clay, acquiring fuel, organising labour, and marketing pottery. Some, having reached the limits of a wheel’s capabilities and their own bodies, have abandoned the wheel in favour of moulds and mechanical presses, setting off more cascades of change. Their experiences help to clarify the adaptive capacities and limitations of both potter’s wheels and their users. As this story unfolds in often unanticipated ways, it reveals the importance of attending to spatiotemporal scale. Locally, the wheel highlights the relatively fast-changing affordances and constraints with which individual potters, households, and communities engage. But the wheel also brings into focus the slower moving consequences of regional heterogeneities and paths laid down by national colonial and post-colonial policies decades ago.
本文描述了从20世纪中期到2013年一系列陶工转轮的重新发明和废弃。车轮被分析为人、资源、技术、意义、地点和时间的复杂和动态组合中的一个元素。主要数据来自民族志观察和自1974年以来在僧伽罗斯里兰卡陶工社区的访谈。当他们从一个陶工的转轮转到另一个陶工的转轮时,这些陶工已经改变了社会和物理支持技术,以获取和准备粘土,获取燃料,组织劳动力和销售陶器。有些人已经达到了轮子的能力和他们自己身体的极限,他们放弃了轮子,转而使用模具和机械压力机,引发了更多的变化。他们的经验有助于澄清陶工轮子及其使用者的适应能力和局限性。随着故事以意想不到的方式展开,它揭示了关注时空尺度的重要性。在当地,轮子突出了个体陶工、家庭和社区参与的相对快速变化的能力和限制。但这个轮子也让人们关注到区域异质性以及几十年前各国殖民和后殖民政策所制定的道路所带来的缓慢发展的后果。
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引用次数: 0
The Ancient Greek Potter’s Wheel: Experimental Archaeology and Web Applications for Velocity Analysis 古希腊陶工的轮子:实验考古学和速度分析的网络应用
Q4 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.24916/iansa.2021.2.1
Brandon Neth, Eleni Hasaki
The potter’s wheel is central to the understanding of ancient technology, knowledge transfer, and social complexity. With scant evidence of potter’s wheels from antiquity, experimental projects with replica potter’s wheels can help researchers address larger questions on ceramic production. One such set of experiments, performed using the Ancient Greek wheel replica in Tucson modelled on Athenian and Corinthian iconographic evidence, provided useful insight into the qualitative experience of ancient potters. In past experiments, the quantitative analysis of the throwing sessions included data on wheel velocity which had been collected collected over large intervals, comprising entire stages of the throwing process. While this method provides an overview of rotational speed, a continuous velocity graph provides a clearer picture collected data on wheel velocity. To address this, we developed a web application (WheelVis; brandonneth.github.io/wheelvis) to aid in the velocity analysis of experimental potter’s wheels. Users provide a recording of the throwing session and while advancing through the recording, they mark points where the wheel has completed rotations. Using the time intervals between these points, the tool reconstructs a graph of the velocity of the wheel throughout the throwing session. This innovative application provides fast, fine-grained velocity information, and helps archaeologists answer questions about the physical properties of their experimental replicas or wheels used in traditional workshops. Future development of the application will include contextual partitions to allow users to split the throw into different stages, enabling further analysis into the throwing process. Moreover, intelligent error detection would notify users when a mark is likely to be made in error and allow them to correct their mistake.
陶轮是理解古代技术、知识转移和社会复杂性的核心。由于古代陶器轮子的证据很少,复制陶器轮子的实验项目可以帮助研究人员解决有关陶瓷生产的更大问题。其中一组实验是用图森的古希腊车轮复制品进行的,该复制品以雅典和科林斯的图像证据为模型,为古代陶工的定性经验提供了有用的见解。在过去的实验中,投掷过程的定量分析包括在大间隔内收集的车轮速度数据,包括投掷过程的整个阶段。虽然这种方法提供了转速的概览,但连续速度图提供了更清晰的车轮速度数据。为了解决这个问题,我们开发了一个web应用程序(WheelVis;Brandonneth.github.io /wheelvis),以帮助在速度分析的实验陶工的车轮。用户提供投掷会话的记录,同时通过记录推进,他们标记的点,车轮已完成旋转。利用这些点之间的时间间隔,该工具重建了整个投掷过程中车轮的速度图。这个创新的应用程序提供了快速,细粒度的速度信息,并帮助考古学家回答有关他们的实验复制品或传统车间中使用的车轮的物理特性的问题。该应用程序的未来开发将包括上下文分区,允许用户将投掷分成不同的阶段,从而进一步分析投掷过程。此外,智能错误检测将在标记可能出错时通知用户,并允许他们纠正错误。
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引用次数: 0
The Potter’s Wheel in the Chilean Central Valley: A Long-Term and Contextual Perspective on Technological Change 智利中央山谷的陶工转轮:技术变革的长期背景视角
Q4 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.24916/iansa.2021.2.12
J. Rosselló
In this article the social and technological dynamics detected in the transition from hand-made pottery to wheel-thrown ware in a modern context is considered. The many different sources supplemented by fieldwork provide a long-term perspective and a depiction of its present consequences. It is specifically explained, how an indigenous, hand-made, domestic and female pottery-production system has turned into an essentially male, wheel-thrown and workshop activity. After a series of significant events, the Indian village of Pomaire gained a reputation as a potter’s village. The several changes underwent by its population as regards to pottery production makes it an interesting example to analyse the origin and development of a process of technological change which ended up with the displacement of women from pottery-making and the introduction of the means for mechanised production during the 1980s. Thus, the social and technical transformations which have taken place since colonial times (beginning of the 16th century), for the potters of Pomaire are explained, enlarged on their history in order to contribute to a general reflection.
在这篇文章中,社会和技术动态检测从手工制作的陶器过渡到车轮在现代背景下被认为是。实地工作补充的许多不同来源提供了一个长期的视角和对其当前后果的描述。它特别解释了一个土著的、手工制作的、家庭的和女性的陶器生产系统是如何变成一个基本上是男性的、车轮的和车间的活动。在一系列重大事件之后,波梅尔这个印第安村庄获得了“陶工之村”的美誉。其人口在陶器生产方面所经历的几次变化,使其成为一个有趣的例子,可以分析技术变革过程的起源和发展,最终导致妇女从陶器制作中流离失所,并在20世纪80年代引入了机械化生产手段。因此,自殖民时代(16世纪初)以来发生的社会和技术变革,对波梅尔的陶工进行了解释,扩大了他们的历史,以促进总体反思。
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引用次数: 0
Old World Methods, New World Pots. The Introduction of the Potter’s Wheel to the Spanish Colonies of Concepción de la Vega and Cotuí (Dominican Republic 1495–1562) 旧世界的方法,新世界的罐子。西班牙殖民地Concepción de la Vega和Cotuí(多米尼加共和国,1495-1562)引进陶轮
Q4 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.24916/iansa.2021.2.10
Marlieke Ernst
Wheel-made ceramics from early colonial Caribbean sites (1492–1562) have traditionally been labelled as European imports. This paper challenges that assumption, as the intercultural interactions within colonies in the New World have led to the creation of new social identities and changing material culture repertoires. Macro-trace ceramic analysis from the sites of Concepción de la Vega and Cotuí (Hispaniola, present-day Dominican Republic) show that the potter’s wheel was in fact introduced to the Spanish colonies at an early stage. The evidence of RKE (rotative kinetic energy) on sherds and the discovery of parts of a potter’s wheel are the earliest traces of the potter’s wheel found in the Americas. Here we aim to present how the potter’s wheel was introduced within the context of transcultural pottery forming. This paper will show that traditional coiling techniques were supplemented with finishing techniques on the wheel. The transformation processes within ceramic repertoires are assessed through theories of colonialism and learning processes, combined with archaeological and ethnoarchaeological assessment of the ceramic chaîne opératoire. Evidence from ceramic analysis is combined with historical sources to understand social processes surrounding the technological changes behind the introduction of the potter’s wheel to the New World colonies.
早期加勒比殖民地遗址(1492-1562)的轮制陶瓷传统上被贴上了欧洲进口产品的标签。本文挑战了这一假设,因为新大陆殖民地内的跨文化互动导致了新的社会身份的创造和物质文化的变化。对Concepción de la Vega和Cotuí(伊斯帕尼奥拉岛,今天的多米尼加共和国)遗址的宏观痕量陶瓷分析表明,陶工的轮子实际上在早期就被引入了西班牙殖民地。碎片上的RKE(旋转动能)的证据和陶工轮子部分的发现是在美洲发现的最早的陶工轮子的痕迹。在这里,我们的目的是展示陶工的轮子是如何在跨文化陶器形成的背景下被引入的。本文将表明,传统的卷绕技术补充了精加工技术的车轮。通过殖民主义和学习过程的理论,结合陶瓷cha ne opacimatoire的考古和民族考古评估,评估陶瓷曲目中的转化过程。来自陶瓷分析的证据与历史资料相结合,以了解围绕将陶轮引入新大陆殖民地背后的技术变革的社会过程。
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引用次数: 0
Contextualising Artisanal Interplay and Technological Changes on Iron Age Naxos (Cyclades). Some Preliminary Observations 铁器时代纳克索斯(基克拉迪斯)的手工相互作用和技术变化的背景。一些初步观察
Q4 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.24916/iansa.2021.2.15
Xenia Charalambidou
Iron Age Naxos in the Cyclades offers a nuanced insight into potting traditions of fine and coarse wares. Geometric Naxian coarse-ware pots belong to a hand-building tradition that was practised alongside Naxian wheel-made fine wares. Although hand-built, certain Naxian coarse vessels, i.e., storage amphorae and cooking jugs, from the second half of the 8th century BC onwards, show the use of rotational devices in roughouts and shaping to varying degrees, as preserved in the Tsikalario cemetery in inland Naxos. This thematic review, which serves as an introduction to on-going research, sets out the goals and approaches of a technological study which is also investigating the use of rotational devices on Iron Age Naxian vessels alongside other co-existing (hand-made) potting traditions. It is argued that such technological phenomena/changes observed are part of a wider picture that includes interactions and cross-fertilisation between ceramic artisans in the Iron Age settlements of the island.
铁器时代基克拉迪群岛的纳克索斯为我们提供了细致入微的机会,让我们了解到精细和粗糙器皿的制罐传统。几何形状的纳先粗陶器属于手工制作的传统,与纳先轮制的精细陶器一起被实践。在纳克索斯内陆的齐卡拉里奥墓园中,保存着从公元前8世纪下半叶开始的一些纳克索斯粗制器皿,如储存双耳罐和烹饪壶,虽然是手工制造的,但在不同程度上显示了旋转装置的使用。本专题综述作为对正在进行的研究的介绍,阐述了一项技术研究的目标和方法,该研究还调查了铁器时代纳先容器上旋转装置的使用以及其他共存的(手工制作的)灌罐传统。有人认为,观察到的这种技术现象/变化是更广泛图景的一部分,包括岛上铁器时代定居点陶瓷工匠之间的相互作用和交叉受精。
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引用次数: 0
Petrography and Micromorphology Face-to-Face: the Potential of Multivocality in the Study of Earth-Based Archaeological Materials 面对面的岩石学和微观形态学:多声性在地球考古材料研究中的潜力
Q4 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-05-07 DOI: 10.24916/IANSA.2021.1.1
Susanna Cereda, P. Fragnoli
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引用次数: 1
On the Tracks of Aswan Pink Clay. New Studies on the Local Clay Deposits in the Region of Aswan/Upper Egypt 阿斯旺粉土的足迹。阿斯旺/上埃及地区局部粘土矿床的新研究
Q4 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-05-07 DOI: 10.24916/IANSA.2021.1.3
Laura Rembart, Lisa Betina
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引用次数: 1
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Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica
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