Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.59708/ajlhts.v2i1.2305
.O Udensi, T. O. Onyekwere, L.I Okoroiwu, M. Muhibi
Objective: This study was conducted to determine white cell phagocytic activity in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. Methods: One hundred HIV-positive patients were enrolled in this study while fifty apparently healthy seronegative individuals served as controls. The haemoglobin estimation, haematocrit, total white blood cell count (TWBC count), platelet count were analysed using conventional manual methods, the TWBC was repeated after incubation with carbonyl iron powder at 37oC to determine the phagocyte count, while CD4 count was analysed using Partec Cyflow counter. Results: The TWBC count of the test group before incubation with carbonyl iron powder (CIP) was 4839 ± 1686 (/mm3) while after incubation with CIP was 4451 ± 1657 (/mm3). The TWBC count of the control group before incubation with carbonyl iron powder (CIP) was 6096 ± 2196 (/mm3) while after incubation with CIP was 4074 ± 1745 (/mm3). The phagocyte count of test and control groups were 388±29 and 2022±451, with later being significantly higher than the former (p=0.001). Significant differences were observed in neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit and platelet count of the control 45 ±7.2 (%), 3 ± 1.2 (%), 4 ± 1.4 (%), 41 ± 12 (%),12 (g/dl), 38 ± 4 (%), 211 ±14 (x 109/L); when compared with the test 20.7 ± 11.0 (%), 1 ± 1.4 (%), 2 ± 1.7 (%), 28 ± 10(%), 9.2 (g/dl), 27 ± 09 (%), 90± 17 (x 109/L) (p<0.05). There was equally a significant difference in the value of CD4 count of the controls 864 ± 266 cells/µL when compared with the test 420 ± 203 cells/ µL at p ‹ 0.05. Conclusion: The CD4 and phagocyte counts have a positive correlation with TWBC. All patients living with HIV should have their immune status monitored regularly to forestall inability of the system to perform phagocytosis.
{"title":"Leucocyte phagocytic activity of treatment-naïve HIV positive patients in Umuahia, Nigeria.","authors":".O Udensi, T. O. Onyekwere, L.I Okoroiwu, M. Muhibi","doi":"10.59708/ajlhts.v2i1.2305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59708/ajlhts.v2i1.2305","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study was conducted to determine white cell phagocytic activity in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. Methods: One hundred HIV-positive patients were enrolled in this study while fifty apparently healthy seronegative individuals served as controls. The haemoglobin estimation, haematocrit, total white blood cell count (TWBC count), platelet count were analysed using conventional manual methods, the TWBC was repeated after incubation with carbonyl iron powder at 37oC to determine the phagocyte count, while CD4 count was analysed using Partec Cyflow counter. Results: The TWBC count of the test group before incubation with carbonyl iron powder (CIP) was 4839 ± 1686 (/mm3) while after incubation with CIP was 4451 ± 1657 (/mm3). The TWBC count of the control group before incubation with carbonyl iron powder (CIP) was 6096 ± 2196 (/mm3) while after incubation with CIP was 4074 ± 1745 (/mm3). The phagocyte count of test and control groups were 388±29 and 2022±451, with later being significantly higher than the former (p=0.001). Significant differences were observed in neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit and platelet count of the control 45 ±7.2 (%), 3 ± 1.2 (%), 4 ± 1.4 (%), 41 ± 12 (%),12 (g/dl), 38 ± 4 (%), 211 ±14 (x 109/L); when compared with the test 20.7 ± 11.0 (%), 1 ± 1.4 (%), 2 ± 1.7 (%), 28 ± 10(%), 9.2 (g/dl), 27 ± 09 (%), 90± 17 (x 109/L) (p<0.05). There was equally a significant difference in the value of CD4 count of the controls 864 ± 266 cells/µL when compared with the test 420 ± 203 cells/ µL at p ‹ 0.05. Conclusion: The CD4 and phagocyte counts have a positive correlation with TWBC. All patients living with HIV should have their immune status monitored regularly to forestall inability of the system to perform phagocytosis.","PeriodicalId":380612,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Haematology and Transfusion Science","volume":"81 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121208643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.59708/ajlhts.v2i2.2308
.Joseph.E Udosen, E. Akwiwu, Utibe-Abasi Felix, D. Akpotuzor, J. Akpotuzor
Introduction: Transmissible infections including those of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and syphilis remain public health challenges. The co-existence of these infections with other disease conditions of medical importance can be quite challenging, particularly if there is no prior knowledge of the infection status. Apart from the direct impact on the affected patient, there is also the concern of safety for care givers as well as the risk of nosocomial transmission to other patients. This study focused on pre-operative screening of breast cancer patients to determine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and syphilis infections. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted among breast cancer patients in Calabar, Cross River State of Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was administered by two trained interviewers to obtain biodata and socio-demographic characteristics. Screening for antibodies to HIV, HBV, HCV and Syphilis were performed by standard serological techniques. Results: General prevalence for all the screened infections was 18%. Distribution of specific infections revealed hepatitis B viral infection to be highest (8%), followed by HIV infection (6%). Hepatitis C virus infection and syphilis were the least with 2% rates each. Among participants living with these infections, 33% had previous knowledge of their status, while the remaining 67% had no prior knowledge. Conclusion: Hepatitis B virus had the highest prevalence while the lowest were HCV and syphilis. Greater percentage of infected subjects were not aware of their status prior to the pre-operative screening.
{"title":"8.Prevalence of Transmissible Infections Among Breast Cancer Patients in Calabar, Nigeria","authors":".Joseph.E Udosen, E. Akwiwu, Utibe-Abasi Felix, D. Akpotuzor, J. Akpotuzor","doi":"10.59708/ajlhts.v2i2.2308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59708/ajlhts.v2i2.2308","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Transmissible infections including those of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and syphilis remain public health challenges. The co-existence of these infections with other disease conditions of medical importance can be quite challenging, particularly if there is no prior knowledge of the infection status. Apart from the direct impact on the affected patient, there is also the concern of safety for care givers as well as the risk of nosocomial transmission to other patients. This study focused on pre-operative screening of breast cancer patients to determine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and syphilis infections. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted among breast cancer patients in Calabar, Cross River State of Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was administered by two trained interviewers to obtain biodata and socio-demographic characteristics. Screening for antibodies to HIV, HBV, HCV and Syphilis were performed by standard serological techniques. Results: General prevalence for all the screened infections was 18%. Distribution of specific infections revealed hepatitis B viral infection to be highest (8%), followed by HIV infection (6%). Hepatitis C virus infection and syphilis were the least with 2% rates each. Among participants living with these infections, 33% had previous knowledge of their status, while the remaining 67% had no prior knowledge. Conclusion: Hepatitis B virus had the highest prevalence while the lowest were HCV and syphilis. Greater percentage of infected subjects were not aware of their status prior to the pre-operative screening.","PeriodicalId":380612,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Haematology and Transfusion Science","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134382849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.59708/ajlhts.v2i2.2310
Zaccheaus Awortu. Jeremiah, Wozi Charles Nanaboemi, T. A. Jeremiah
Introduction: The indices of platelets are biomarkers of platelet activation and could be useful for diagnosis and management of COVID-19 infection. This study was aimed at evaluating the impact of COVID-19 infection on some platelet indices in Port Harcourt. Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of twenty-two (22) COVID-19 positive and fifty (50) COVID-19 negative (controls). Their ages range from 20-65 years old. Five milliliters of venous blood was collected into EDTA anticoagulant bottles for platelet indices determination using an auto analyzer (Sysmex XP-300), while naso pharyngeal swab was collected for confirmation of COVID-19 by RT-PCR molecular method. Results: The overall prevalence of COVID-19 in this study population was 30.56%. Chi square analysis revealed that this prevalence rate is very significant. (χ2 =10.889; P=0.001). The mean PDW values of COVID-19 positive subjects (16.24±0.08fl) was significantly increased when compared with the value of the negative subjects (15.93±0.10fl) (t=2.441, P˂ 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in the platelet count when the two groups were compared. However, the platelet count of the positive COVID-19 subjects (216.27±19.65×109/L) was significantly reduced when compared with their male counterparts ( (247.36±19.65×109/L). The reverse is the cases in the negative (control group) (f=4.6825, p˂0.03). There was a significant negative correlation between MPV and platelets (r= -0.489, p˂ 0.003). The platelet count of COVID-19 positive subjects was reduced even though not statistically significant. Conclusion: Platelet indices such as PDW and MPV could serve as surrogate biomarkers in SARS-CoV-2 infection
{"title":"Platelet indices as useful biomarkers in SARS-CoV-2 infection","authors":"Zaccheaus Awortu. Jeremiah, Wozi Charles Nanaboemi, T. A. Jeremiah","doi":"10.59708/ajlhts.v2i2.2310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59708/ajlhts.v2i2.2310","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The indices of platelets are biomarkers of platelet activation and could be useful for diagnosis and management of COVID-19 infection. This study was aimed at evaluating the impact of COVID-19 infection on some platelet indices in Port Harcourt. Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of twenty-two (22) COVID-19 positive and fifty (50) COVID-19 negative (controls). Their ages range from 20-65 years old. Five milliliters of venous blood was collected into EDTA anticoagulant bottles for platelet indices determination using an auto analyzer (Sysmex XP-300), while naso pharyngeal swab was collected for confirmation of COVID-19 by RT-PCR molecular method. Results: The overall prevalence of COVID-19 in this study population was 30.56%. Chi square analysis revealed that this prevalence rate is very significant. (χ2 =10.889; P=0.001). The mean PDW values of COVID-19 positive subjects (16.24±0.08fl) was significantly increased when compared with the value of the negative subjects (15.93±0.10fl) (t=2.441, P˂ 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in the platelet count when the two groups were compared. However, the platelet count of the positive COVID-19 subjects (216.27±19.65×109/L) was significantly reduced when compared with their male counterparts ( (247.36±19.65×109/L). The reverse is the cases in the negative (control group) (f=4.6825, p˂0.03). There was a significant negative correlation between MPV and platelets (r= -0.489, p˂ 0.003). The platelet count of COVID-19 positive subjects was reduced even though not statistically significant. Conclusion: Platelet indices such as PDW and MPV could serve as surrogate biomarkers in SARS-CoV-2 infection","PeriodicalId":380612,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Haematology and Transfusion Science","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126654869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.59708/ajlhts.v2i1.2302
I. Okafor, Ogar Christopher Ogar, Uchech Okoroiwu Henshaw
Introduction Ferritin is a blood cell protein that contains iron. The serum ferritin level is widely accepted as an accurate indicator of body iron store being the only factor that can give a semi-quantitative indication of the levels of Iron storage. Increased serum ferritin has been reported in asymptomatic malaria infection.This study was done to determine the serum ferritin levels in asymptomatic malaria individuals in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Ninety (90) apparently healthy subjects were recruited, both male and female within the age of 18 to 65 years. Materials and Method The serum ferritin level was assayed using ELISA quantitative method. The Hb and PCV were also assayed using the automated cellular counter Sysmex Kx-21N. Malaria parasite detection was through examination of peripheral blood smears using 2% Giemsa. Results The mean serum ferritin levels for the malaria infected subjects was (25.11±1.27ng/ml), and this was significantly higher than the uninfected subjects (16.81±4.66ng/ml) (P<0.05). Mean serum ferritin level for infected males was (20.95±8.79ng/ml) which is slightly higher than uninfected males (16.01±3.53ng/ml) (P>0.05). The results also show mean serum ferritin for infected females to be (30.57±3.42ng/ml) which is higher than the uninfected females (18.65±1.98ng/ml). This result likewise shows significantly low level of Hb(12.97±1.5g/dl) and PCV (0.38±2.18L/L) in apparently healthy malaria infected individuals while high level of Hb(15.20±1.73g/dl) and PCV (0.44±1.58L/L) were observed among the uninfected subjects. There was also significant difference seen in infected male and infected female subjects, likewise the aparasitaemic males and females had significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion This study has shown that asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia increases serum ferritin level, hence serum ferritin estimation without examination for malaria parasitaemia in malaria endemic area such as Calabar, Nigeria may not be reliable. The study also shows that asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia constitutes a significant disease burden and a challenge that should be of global health concern
{"title":"Serum Ferritin and Asymptomatic Malaria: A study in Calabar, Nigeria.","authors":"I. Okafor, Ogar Christopher Ogar, Uchech Okoroiwu Henshaw","doi":"10.59708/ajlhts.v2i1.2302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59708/ajlhts.v2i1.2302","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Ferritin is a blood cell protein that contains iron. The serum ferritin level is widely accepted as an accurate indicator of body iron store being the only factor that can give a semi-quantitative indication of the levels of Iron storage. Increased serum ferritin has been reported in asymptomatic malaria infection.This study was done to determine the serum ferritin levels in asymptomatic malaria individuals in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Ninety (90) apparently healthy subjects were recruited, both male and female within the age of 18 to 65 years. Materials and Method The serum ferritin level was assayed using ELISA quantitative method. The Hb and PCV were also assayed using the automated cellular counter Sysmex Kx-21N. Malaria parasite detection was through examination of peripheral blood smears using 2% Giemsa. Results The mean serum ferritin levels for the malaria infected subjects was (25.11±1.27ng/ml), and this was significantly higher than the uninfected subjects (16.81±4.66ng/ml) (P<0.05). Mean serum ferritin level for infected males was (20.95±8.79ng/ml) which is slightly higher than uninfected males (16.01±3.53ng/ml) (P>0.05). The results also show mean serum ferritin for infected females to be (30.57±3.42ng/ml) which is higher than the uninfected females (18.65±1.98ng/ml). This result likewise shows significantly low level of Hb(12.97±1.5g/dl) and PCV (0.38±2.18L/L) in apparently healthy malaria infected individuals while high level of Hb(15.20±1.73g/dl) and PCV (0.44±1.58L/L) were observed among the uninfected subjects. There was also significant difference seen in infected male and infected female subjects, likewise the aparasitaemic males and females had significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion This study has shown that asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia increases serum ferritin level, hence serum ferritin estimation without examination for malaria parasitaemia in malaria endemic area such as Calabar, Nigeria may not be reliable. The study also shows that asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia constitutes a significant disease burden and a challenge that should be of global health concern","PeriodicalId":380612,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Haematology and Transfusion Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126516183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.59708/ajlhts.v2i1.2303
Onwuka-Kalu Chima, Ernest Ukaejiofor
Introduction: The effect of methanol extract of Moringa Oleifera seeds were determined in albino wistar rats, though several research works have been conducted on the Moringa Oleifera leaves extract however there is limited data available on the effect of the seeds extract on haematological parameters . This study was conducted to investigate the phytochemical, hematological and toxicological effect of extract of Moringa oleifera seeds in albino Wistar rats. Materials and Methods:: Thirty healthy albino wistar rats weighing between one hundred and twenty and one hundred and seventy grams randomized into five groups of six rats each and ad libitum with Moringa oleifera diets for fourteen days after two weeks of acclimatization in control. The groups were classified on varying concentrations of 25mg/kg,50mg/kg,100mg/kg ,125mg/kg and control for groups A,B,C,D,E respectively.The total white blood cells ,Red blood cells, Haemoglobin values, Haematocrit and Platelet count tests were carried out using Haematology auto-analyzer ,phytochemical and histological evaluations of any toxicities of Moringa oleifera seeds extract in albino Wistar rats were also investigated. Results:Phytochemicals such as tannins ,saponin,alkaloid/glucoside were found in low, moderate and high concentrations respectively in methanol extract of the Moringa oleifera seeds . The Red Blood Cells,Haemoglobin and Haematocrit values were significantly increased (p<0.05) with decreased Total white cell count for group A on day eight of the administration when compared to the control group. The extract however did not significantly (p>0.05) affect any parameter on day fifteen compared to the control group and day eight. Conclusion: Moringa oleifera seeds extract demonstrated dose and time dependent haemopoietic properties.
{"title":"3.Toxicity of methanol seed extract of Moringa Oleifera on Haematological indices of Albino Wistar rats.","authors":"Onwuka-Kalu Chima, Ernest Ukaejiofor","doi":"10.59708/ajlhts.v2i1.2303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59708/ajlhts.v2i1.2303","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The effect of methanol extract of Moringa Oleifera seeds were determined in albino wistar rats, though several research works have been conducted on the Moringa Oleifera leaves extract however there is limited data available on the effect of the seeds extract on haematological parameters . This study was conducted to investigate the phytochemical, hematological and toxicological effect of extract of Moringa oleifera seeds in albino Wistar rats. Materials and Methods:: Thirty healthy albino wistar rats weighing between one hundred and twenty and one hundred and seventy grams randomized into five groups of six rats each and ad libitum with Moringa oleifera diets for fourteen days after two weeks of acclimatization in control. The groups were classified on varying concentrations of 25mg/kg,50mg/kg,100mg/kg ,125mg/kg and control for groups A,B,C,D,E respectively.The total white blood cells ,Red blood cells, Haemoglobin values, Haematocrit and Platelet count tests were carried out using Haematology auto-analyzer ,phytochemical and histological evaluations of any toxicities of Moringa oleifera seeds extract in albino Wistar rats were also investigated. Results:Phytochemicals such as tannins ,saponin,alkaloid/glucoside were found in low, moderate and high concentrations respectively in methanol extract of the Moringa oleifera seeds . The Red Blood Cells,Haemoglobin and Haematocrit values were significantly increased (p<0.05) with decreased Total white cell count for group A on day eight of the administration when compared to the control group. The extract however did not significantly (p>0.05) affect any parameter on day fifteen compared to the control group and day eight. Conclusion: Moringa oleifera seeds extract demonstrated dose and time dependent haemopoietic properties.","PeriodicalId":380612,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Haematology and Transfusion Science","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132203796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.59708/ajlhts.v2i1.2307
Amina Khalid, H. Ali
Introduction: Vesico-vaginal fistula (VVF) is still a persisting scourge in developing countries with devastating medical and social consequences. The goal of this study was to assess the haematological parameters and oxidative stress markers of VVF patients compared with healthy control female subjects. Material and Methods: This study was carried out at VVF Centre, Maryam Abacha Women and Children Hospital, Sokoto. This is a descriptive study conducted on 50 VVF patients and 50 controls to determine some haematological parameters and oxidative stress markers. Questionnaire was used to obtain sociodemographic information while laboratory investigations were used to obtain haematological and free radical marker results. Results: The values obtained from the control and VVF subjects for PCV, RBC, hemoglobin, platelets, lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes and basophils were statistically non-significant (p>0.05) while WBC (5.45 ± 0.31 x 109/L,59 ± 0.27 x 109/L) and eosinophil (2.43 ± 0.33%, 4.83 ± 0.54%) were statistically significant (p<0.05). For the free radical markers, both Malondialdehyde and glutathione levels were statistically non-significant (p>0.05). The correlation of Malondialdehyde and glutathione peroxidase levels with haematological parameters showed that only lymphocyte and monocyte counts were statistically significant respectively. Conclusion: Prolonged obstructed labour, early marriage, ignorance, lack of knowledge are among the factors responsible for the prevalence of VVF in Sokoto State. White blood cell and eosinophil counts should be included as part of the laboratory investigations for VVF patients which may serve as indication for asymptomatic bacteriuria, women should not be given out of marriage before they reach age of maturity and Formal education should be made free and mandatory for girls’ up to tertiary institution.
{"title":"Determination of Some Haematological Parameters and Oxidative Stress Markers in Vesico-Vaginal Fistula Patients Attending Maryam Abacha Women and Children Hospital, Sokoto.","authors":"Amina Khalid, H. Ali","doi":"10.59708/ajlhts.v2i1.2307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59708/ajlhts.v2i1.2307","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Vesico-vaginal fistula (VVF) is still a persisting scourge in developing countries with devastating medical and social consequences. The goal of this study was to assess the haematological parameters and oxidative stress markers of VVF patients compared with healthy control female subjects. Material and Methods: This study was carried out at VVF Centre, Maryam Abacha Women and Children Hospital, Sokoto. This is a descriptive study conducted on 50 VVF patients and 50 controls to determine some haematological parameters and oxidative stress markers. Questionnaire was used to obtain sociodemographic information while laboratory investigations were used to obtain haematological and free radical marker results. Results: The values obtained from the control and VVF subjects for PCV, RBC, hemoglobin, platelets, lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes and basophils were statistically non-significant (p>0.05) while WBC (5.45 ± 0.31 x 109/L,59 ± 0.27 x 109/L) and eosinophil (2.43 ± 0.33%, 4.83 ± 0.54%) were statistically significant (p<0.05). For the free radical markers, both Malondialdehyde and glutathione levels were statistically non-significant (p>0.05). The correlation of Malondialdehyde and glutathione peroxidase levels with haematological parameters showed that only lymphocyte and monocyte counts were statistically significant respectively. Conclusion: Prolonged obstructed labour, early marriage, ignorance, lack of knowledge are among the factors responsible for the prevalence of VVF in Sokoto State. White blood cell and eosinophil counts should be included as part of the laboratory investigations for VVF patients which may serve as indication for asymptomatic bacteriuria, women should not be given out of marriage before they reach age of maturity and Formal education should be made free and mandatory for girls’ up to tertiary institution.","PeriodicalId":380612,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Haematology and Transfusion Science","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122636383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.59708/ajlhts.v2i2.2309
J. Udosen, E. Akwiwu, Valerie. E Njar, D. Akpotuzor, J. Akpotuzor
Introduction: Anaemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia are at the forefront of haematological derangements encountered in the management of breast cancer. However, there is a gap in knowledge regarding their degree of occurrence at different stages of chemotherapy. Methods: Longitudinal design and purposive sampling technique were adopted to enroll 50 adult female breast cancer patients who were accessing chemotherapy at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital in Calabar, Cross River State of Nigeria. Ethical approval and informed consent were duly obtained. The blood cell counts were carried out by automation. Frequencies of anaemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia were calculated after applying cut-off point using age- and gender-specific refence ranges (<120 g/l of Haemoglobin concentration for anaemia, <4.0 x 109/l of total white blood cell count for leucopenia and <150 x 109/l of platelet count for thrombocytopenia). Results: A greater number of the subjects had anaemia with prevalence ranging from 78% at the onset to 100% by the fifth course. Leucopenia ranged from 14% at the beginning to 100% by the third course. Thrombocytopenia was not present at pre-chemotherapy stage but appeared slightly (4%) during the assessment for second treatment course and rose to 55% at the last assessment. Conclusion: This study observed increasing proportions of cytopenia in association with progressing chemotherapy. There is high prevalence of anaemia in breast cancer even before commencement of chemotherapy, while leucopenia develops more rapidly during chemotherapy.
简介:贫血、白细胞减少和血小板减少是在乳腺癌管理中遇到的血液学紊乱的最前沿。然而，关于它们在化疗不同阶段的发生程度的知识还存在差距。方法:采用纵向设计和目的抽样技术，在尼日利亚克罗斯河州卡拉巴尔市卡拉巴尔大学教学医院接受化疗的50例成年女性乳腺癌患者。获得了伦理批准和知情同意。血细胞计数由自动化完成。使用年龄和性别特异性参考范围(血红蛋白浓度<120 g/l为贫血，白细胞总数<4.0 x 109/l为白细胞减少，血小板计数<150 x 109/l为血小板减少)应用截断点后计算贫血、白细胞减少和血小板减少的频率。结果:更多的受试者出现贫血，患病率从开始时的78%到第5个疗程时的100%。白细胞减少从开始时的14%到第三疗程时的100%不等。化疗前未出现血小板减少，但在第二次疗程评估时略有出现(4%)，最后一次评估时上升至55%。结论:本研究观察到随着化疗的进展，细胞减少的比例增加。即使在化疗开始之前，乳腺癌中贫血的发生率也很高，而化疗期间白细胞减少的发生率更高。
{"title":"Proportions of Blood Cell Deficits in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy","authors":"J. Udosen, E. Akwiwu, Valerie. E Njar, D. Akpotuzor, J. Akpotuzor","doi":"10.59708/ajlhts.v2i2.2309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59708/ajlhts.v2i2.2309","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Anaemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia are at the forefront of haematological derangements encountered in the management of breast cancer. However, there is a gap in knowledge regarding their degree of occurrence at different stages of chemotherapy. Methods: Longitudinal design and purposive sampling technique were adopted to enroll 50 adult female breast cancer patients who were accessing chemotherapy at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital in Calabar, Cross River State of Nigeria. Ethical approval and informed consent were duly obtained. The blood cell counts were carried out by automation. Frequencies of anaemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia were calculated after applying cut-off point using age- and gender-specific refence ranges (<120 g/l of Haemoglobin concentration for anaemia, <4.0 x 109/l of total white blood cell count for leucopenia and <150 x 109/l of platelet count for thrombocytopenia). Results: A greater number of the subjects had anaemia with prevalence ranging from 78% at the onset to 100% by the fifth course. Leucopenia ranged from 14% at the beginning to 100% by the third course. Thrombocytopenia was not present at pre-chemotherapy stage but appeared slightly (4%) during the assessment for second treatment course and rose to 55% at the last assessment. Conclusion: This study observed increasing proportions of cytopenia in association with progressing chemotherapy. There is high prevalence of anaemia in breast cancer even before commencement of chemotherapy, while leucopenia develops more rapidly during chemotherapy.","PeriodicalId":380612,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Haematology and Transfusion Science","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125098397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.59708/ajlhts.v2i1.2304
P. Akpan, J. Etura, B. Asuquo
Introduction: Street children refer to persons below 18 years who depend on the streets for their survival. These Street Children constitute a vulnerable group with regards to proper nutrition and healthcare hence this study was carried out to assess their full blood counts and some iron parameters. Methods:One hundred and eighty (180) children living on the street and homes in Calabar Metropolis were recruited into this study. Ethical approval was sought and obtained from the Cross River State Ministry of Health, Calabar. Consent was obtained from 90 apparently healthy children on the street while parents/guardians gave consent for 90 apparently healthy children living in homes (control). Demographic information was obtained by interview and weight and height measurements were taken using standard instruments; the body mass index was calculated and used to categorize the nutritional status of subjects. Haematological and iron parameters were determined by standard techniques. Data were analysed using a student t-test on SPSS version 21 with significance level set at P≤0.05. Results: Street Children comprised more males (53.3%) than females with 82.2% being out of school. Strategies employed for survival include receiving benefits from support groups (62.2%), engaging in odd jobs (60%) and begging for alms (100%). The body mass index of Street Children showed that 75.55% of them were healthy in terms of their nutritional status (BMI 16.2-25.5) while those that were underweight (<16.2) and obese (>27.9) made up 20% and 4.45% respectively as compared to 82.23% healthy weight, 2.22% underweight, 11.10% overweight (>25.5-27.9) and 4.45% obese observed for their counterparts who live in homes. The red cell distribution width (RDWCV) was 13.61±3.25 and this was significantly lower (P=0.001) than 16.53±3.28 versus the control, while the total white blood cell count (7.87±4.18 x 109/L) was significantly higher (P=0.05) for street children in comparison with 5.90±1.94 X 109/L obtained for children in homes. Other haematological, as well as iron parameters, were comparable (P>0.05). Conclusions: The haematological parameters of Street children differed from children in homes in terms of a lower red cell distribution width and higher total white cell count. Twenty percent of street children were underweight as indicated by a lower BMI for their age. It is recommended that individuals, corporate bodies and the Government should unite to end street living for children.
{"title":"4.Full blood count and some iron parameters of Street Children in Calabar, Nigeria","authors":"P. Akpan, J. Etura, B. Asuquo","doi":"10.59708/ajlhts.v2i1.2304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59708/ajlhts.v2i1.2304","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Street children refer to persons below 18 years who depend on the streets for their survival. These Street Children constitute a vulnerable group with regards to proper nutrition and healthcare hence this study was carried out to assess their full blood counts and some iron parameters. Methods:One hundred and eighty (180) children living on the street and homes in Calabar Metropolis were recruited into this study. Ethical approval was sought and obtained from the Cross River State Ministry of Health, Calabar. Consent was obtained from 90 apparently healthy children on the street while parents/guardians gave consent for 90 apparently healthy children living in homes (control). Demographic information was obtained by interview and weight and height measurements were taken using standard instruments; the body mass index was calculated and used to categorize the nutritional status of subjects. Haematological and iron parameters were determined by standard techniques. Data were analysed using a student t-test on SPSS version 21 with significance level set at P≤0.05. Results: Street Children comprised more males (53.3%) than females with 82.2% being out of school. Strategies employed for survival include receiving benefits from support groups (62.2%), engaging in odd jobs (60%) and begging for alms (100%). The body mass index of Street Children showed that 75.55% of them were healthy in terms of their nutritional status (BMI 16.2-25.5) while those that were underweight (<16.2) and obese (>27.9) made up 20% and 4.45% respectively as compared to 82.23% healthy weight, 2.22% underweight, 11.10% overweight (>25.5-27.9) and 4.45% obese observed for their counterparts who live in homes. The red cell distribution width (RDWCV) was 13.61±3.25 and this was significantly lower (P=0.001) than 16.53±3.28 versus the control, while the total white blood cell count (7.87±4.18 x 109/L) was significantly higher (P=0.05) for street children in comparison with 5.90±1.94 X 109/L obtained for children in homes. Other haematological, as well as iron parameters, were comparable (P>0.05). Conclusions: The haematological parameters of Street children differed from children in homes in terms of a lower red cell distribution width and higher total white cell count. Twenty percent of street children were underweight as indicated by a lower BMI for their age. It is recommended that individuals, corporate bodies and the Government should unite to end street living for children.","PeriodicalId":380612,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Haematology and Transfusion Science","volume":"55 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134449868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.59708/ajlhts.v1i4.2221
I. Ajayi, S. Danladi
Background: Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are the only leucocytes that are competent to produce large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill phagocytized bacteria. In leukaemia, we hypothesized this bactericidal function might be hampered. Aim and Objectives: The goal of this study was to assess respiratory burst activity of PMN in leukaemia compared with non-leukaemic control subjects. We assessed the respiratory burst function of PMN as an effective defence against pathogens in leukaemia and control subjects. Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from leukaemia and control subjects (30 in each case) in lithium heparin anticoagulant containers. Our study cases were 30 leukaemia belonging to different subtypes (AML=12, CML=12, ALL=4 and CLL=2), 22 males and 8 females age range from 2.5–63 years (M±SEM, 28.0±3.4 years); the controls were 26 males and 4 females, age range from 17–53 years (M±SEM, 31.1±1.5 years), respectively. The respiratory burst activity was assessed using the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) dye reduction test on stimulated and un-stimulated PMN in leukaemia and control groups. Results: The cells purity in leukaemia was >99% using Turk's solution and cells viability was >95% by Trypan blue dye exclusion test. The respiratory burst activity of PMNs showed a statistically significant increase (P<0.05) in controls compared with leukaemia subtypes. Similarly, comparison within leukaemia subtypes indicates a statistically significant increase (P<0.05) RBA in CML compared with AML, ALL and CLL, respectively. Conclusion: the respiratory burst activity of PMNs in leukaemia is variable with enhanced activity in CML subjects, while depressed in AML, ALL and CLL subtypes; suggesting impaired bactericidal capacities of PMNs in these diseases.
{"title":"Respiratory Burst Activities of Peripheral Blood Neutrophils in Leukaemic Subjects in Northern Nigeria","authors":"I. Ajayi, S. Danladi","doi":"10.59708/ajlhts.v1i4.2221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59708/ajlhts.v1i4.2221","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are the only leucocytes that are competent to produce large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill phagocytized bacteria. In leukaemia, we hypothesized this bactericidal function might be hampered. Aim and Objectives: The goal of this study was to assess respiratory burst activity of PMN in leukaemia compared with non-leukaemic control subjects. We assessed the respiratory burst function of PMN as an effective defence against pathogens in leukaemia and control subjects. Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from leukaemia and control subjects (30 in each case) in lithium heparin anticoagulant containers. Our study cases were 30 leukaemia belonging to different subtypes (AML=12, CML=12, ALL=4 and CLL=2), 22 males and 8 females age range from 2.5–63 years (M±SEM, 28.0±3.4 years); the controls were 26 males and 4 females, age range from 17–53 years (M±SEM, 31.1±1.5 years), respectively. The respiratory burst activity was assessed using the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) dye reduction test on stimulated and un-stimulated PMN in leukaemia and control groups. Results: The cells purity in leukaemia was >99% using Turk's solution and cells viability was >95% by Trypan blue dye exclusion test. The respiratory burst activity of PMNs showed a statistically significant increase (P<0.05) in controls compared with leukaemia subtypes. Similarly, comparison within leukaemia subtypes indicates a statistically significant increase (P<0.05) RBA in CML compared with AML, ALL and CLL, respectively. Conclusion: the respiratory burst activity of PMNs in leukaemia is variable with enhanced activity in CML subjects, while depressed in AML, ALL and CLL subtypes; suggesting impaired bactericidal capacities of PMNs in these diseases.","PeriodicalId":380612,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Haematology and Transfusion Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125280177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.59708/ajlhts.v1i4.2224
C. Okolo, A. Olayanju
Sickle cell disorders (SCD) are a group of inherited disorders that results from both parent being carriers, haemoglobin AS resulting in haemoglobin (SS), causing anemia, infections, pain, stroke, priapism, sequenstration crisis, multiple organ dysfunctions etc. There are several ways of managing sickle cell disorder but the best way, which is considered a gold standard cure for the disease is a successful bone marrow transplant of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCT). Bone marrow (BM), Peripheral blood (PBSC) and Umbilical cord blood (UCB) are rich in stem cells. In order to have a good bone marrow transplant, without graft rejection, the laboratory plays a vital role especially in compatibility testing of donor and recipients at the various stages of the transplant, which includes initial stage, during the transplant and follow up testing to ensure tolerance to the new graft and testing for chimerism. There are various types of transplant which include Autologous, Allogeneic (Sibling/ Unrelated Donor), Parent or relative, etc. The various pre transplant tests includes: Sickling test, High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC), Genetic studies, RBC Indices Hb – 6-9 gm/dL, Peripheral Smear, Retic count Reticulocytosis, ESR, Bone marrow analysis. Post-transplant test Includes Engraftment Analysis, Complete Blood counts, kidney function, liver function, Cholesterol, HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, additional infectious studies (Endemic testing), Urinalysis etc. Haemopoietic transplantation challenges in a resource limited settings like Nigeria are enormous and they includes: Danger of serious illness associated with donor-to-patient stem cell transplant, lack of appropriate donors, Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), Inadequate Human resource, Inadequate equipped facility, cost of the service, Corruption, Lack of political will, Leadership incompétence, Lack of strategic planing, Policy inconsistency, Lack of qualified personnel, Poor healthcare administration, Conflict of interest among health workers. The cost of Bone Marrow Transplantation is highly exorbitant to Nigerians and government need to play vital role towards funding part of the cost and alleviating the pain of sickle cell. Effective implementation of National Health Insurance Scheme and address corruption are the most efficient ways the cost would be subsidized. Appropriate information campaigns largely championed by maternal and child health-care professionals would significantly contribute to raising the level of awareness and acceptance of Cord Blood donation. Training and re training of medical personnel cannot be over emphasized.
{"title":"Challenges of bone marrow transplant for sickle cell disease in resource limited setting","authors":"C. Okolo, A. Olayanju","doi":"10.59708/ajlhts.v1i4.2224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59708/ajlhts.v1i4.2224","url":null,"abstract":"Sickle cell disorders (SCD) are a group of inherited disorders that results from both parent being carriers, haemoglobin AS resulting in haemoglobin (SS), causing anemia, infections, pain, stroke, priapism, sequenstration crisis, multiple organ dysfunctions etc. There are several ways of managing sickle cell disorder but the best way, which is considered a gold standard cure for the disease is a successful bone marrow transplant of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCT). Bone marrow (BM), Peripheral blood (PBSC) and Umbilical cord blood (UCB) are rich in stem cells. In order to have a good bone marrow transplant, without graft rejection, the laboratory plays a vital role especially in compatibility testing of donor and recipients at the various stages of the transplant, which includes initial stage, during the transplant and follow up testing to ensure tolerance to the new graft and testing for chimerism. There are various types of transplant which include Autologous, Allogeneic (Sibling/ Unrelated Donor), Parent or relative, etc. The various pre transplant tests includes: Sickling test, High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC), Genetic studies, RBC Indices Hb – 6-9 gm/dL, Peripheral Smear, Retic count Reticulocytosis, ESR, Bone marrow analysis. Post-transplant test Includes Engraftment Analysis, Complete Blood counts, kidney function, liver function, Cholesterol, HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, additional infectious studies (Endemic testing), Urinalysis etc. Haemopoietic transplantation challenges in a resource limited settings like Nigeria are enormous and they includes: Danger of serious illness associated with donor-to-patient stem cell transplant, lack of appropriate donors, Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), Inadequate Human resource, Inadequate equipped facility, cost of the service, Corruption, Lack of political will, Leadership incompétence, Lack of strategic planing, Policy inconsistency, Lack of qualified personnel, Poor healthcare administration, Conflict of interest among health workers. The cost of Bone Marrow Transplantation is highly exorbitant to Nigerians and government need to play vital role towards funding part of the cost and alleviating the pain of sickle cell. Effective implementation of National Health Insurance Scheme and address corruption are the most efficient ways the cost would be subsidized. Appropriate information campaigns largely championed by maternal and child health-care professionals would significantly contribute to raising the level of awareness and acceptance of Cord Blood donation. Training and re training of medical personnel cannot be over emphasized.","PeriodicalId":380612,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Haematology and Transfusion Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125452412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：