Pub Date : 2022-05-30DOI: 10.59708/ajlhts.v1i1.2208
Aruomaren Austin Iroghama, Ude Arinze
Expression of MicroRNAs (miRNAs), key regulators of normal haematopoiesis, is reportedly dysregulated in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML).Aberrant microRNA expression has been associated with different subtypes of AML, where they exert tumor suppressive or oncogenic functions. Deregulated microRNA expression has been shown to be of prognostic significance. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that repression and ectopic expression of microRNAs affect response to treatment in AML. Consequently, microRNAs may act as potential biomarkers in AML hence production of new anti-AML drugs directed towards increasing and/or silencing miRNA expression may suffice.
{"title":"Role of MicroRNA in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia: A Review","authors":"Aruomaren Austin Iroghama, Ude Arinze","doi":"10.59708/ajlhts.v1i1.2208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59708/ajlhts.v1i1.2208","url":null,"abstract":"Expression of MicroRNAs (miRNAs), key regulators of normal haematopoiesis, is reportedly dysregulated in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML).Aberrant microRNA expression has been associated with different subtypes of AML, where they exert tumor suppressive or oncogenic functions. Deregulated microRNA expression has been shown to be of prognostic significance. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that repression and ectopic expression of microRNAs affect response to treatment in AML. Consequently, microRNAs may act as potential biomarkers in AML hence production of new anti-AML drugs directed towards increasing and/or silencing miRNA expression may suffice.","PeriodicalId":380612,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Haematology and Transfusion Science","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127448595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-30DOI: 10.59708/ajlhts.v1i1.2213
E. Eze, B. Echonwere-uwikor, Bera Hachikaru Wechie
Background: Prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR) is typically used in conjunction with activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) to evaluate the overall integrity of the intrinsic, extrinsic and common coagulation pathway and to monitor the treatment of coagulation disorders while BMI screens for weight categories ;an important health index. A high BMI can indicate high body fatness while a low BMI connotes risks of being underweight. These extremes have obvious health challenges. The aim of the study is to determine some haemostatic indices and body mass index in apparently healthy deskbound and non-deskbound employees of the Rivers State University, Port Harcourt. Methods: A total of hundred (100) employees of the Rivers State University were recruited for this study comprising of 37 females and 63 males, out of which 53 were non-deskbound and 47 deskbound. The deskbound employees were those that work for an average of seven hours sitting down at a stretch while the non-deskbound work for an average of less than seven hours sitting down at a stretch. Using a structured questionnaire, demographic information was collected from each participant. The weight and blood pressure (BP) of each participant was taken using a weighing scale and a MOTECH digital BP monitor respectively. A standard venipuncture technique was used to collect 3ml of blood into 3.2% tri-sodium citrate anticoagulant (at the ratio of 9:1 blood-anticoagulant) for analysis. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) were analyzed using the Helena C4 semi-automated coagulation analyzer, photo-optical coagulation analyzer and the Agape test kit manufactured by Agape diagnostics Switzerland. International normalized ratio (INR) was calculated from the PT results. The data obtained was analyzed using Graphpad Prism software version 6.00 produced by Graphpad software Inc. USA. Data was presented as means, median, range and standard deviation. Comparison between two means was done using student t-test analysis. Results: The mean ± SD of the PT, INR, APTT and BMI were 13.21 ± 1.97s, 1.03 ± 0.15, 29.7 ± 4.90s and 27.02 ± 2.95s in the same order and the reference ranges established for both deskbound and non-deskbound employees as the following values: PT (s): 9.27-17.15, APTT (s): 19.9-39.5 and INR: 0.73-1.33. Comparison of the prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR), activated thromboplastin time (APTT) and BMI between non-deskbound and deskbound staff showed a statistical significant difference for APTT (P=0.0119) and BMI (P=0.0427) while the PT and INR showed no significant statistical difference. However, all the measured haemostatic parameters were within the reference ranges. Conclusion: The increased APTT observed among the deskbound employees is a pointer to an abnormal haemorrhage if their sedentary working lifestyle continues without any ameliorative measures. Also the increased BMI seen among the Deskb
{"title":"Some Haemostatic Indices and Body Mass Index of Apparently Healthy Deskbound and Non-Deskbound Employees of a Tertiary Institution in Port Harcourt, Nigeria","authors":"E. Eze, B. Echonwere-uwikor, Bera Hachikaru Wechie","doi":"10.59708/ajlhts.v1i1.2213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59708/ajlhts.v1i1.2213","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR) is typically used in conjunction with activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) to evaluate the overall integrity of the intrinsic, extrinsic and common coagulation pathway and to monitor the treatment of coagulation disorders while BMI screens for weight categories ;an important health index. A high BMI can indicate high body fatness while a low BMI connotes risks of being underweight. These extremes have obvious health challenges. The aim of the study is to determine some haemostatic indices and body mass index in apparently healthy deskbound and non-deskbound employees of the Rivers State University, Port Harcourt. Methods: A total of hundred (100) employees of the Rivers State University were recruited for this study comprising of 37 females and 63 males, out of which 53 were non-deskbound and 47 deskbound. The deskbound employees were those that work for an average of seven hours sitting down at a stretch while the non-deskbound work for an average of less than seven hours sitting down at a stretch. Using a structured questionnaire, demographic information was collected from each participant. The weight and blood pressure (BP) of each participant was taken using a weighing scale and a MOTECH digital BP monitor respectively. A standard venipuncture technique was used to collect 3ml of blood into 3.2% tri-sodium citrate anticoagulant (at the ratio of 9:1 blood-anticoagulant) for analysis. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) were analyzed using the Helena C4 semi-automated coagulation analyzer, photo-optical coagulation analyzer and the Agape test kit manufactured by Agape diagnostics Switzerland. International normalized ratio (INR) was calculated from the PT results. The data obtained was analyzed using Graphpad Prism software version 6.00 produced by Graphpad software Inc. USA. Data was presented as means, median, range and standard deviation. Comparison between two means was done using student t-test analysis. Results: The mean ± SD of the PT, INR, APTT and BMI were 13.21 ± 1.97s, 1.03 ± 0.15, 29.7 ± 4.90s and 27.02 ± 2.95s in the same order and the reference ranges established for both deskbound and non-deskbound employees as the following values: PT (s): 9.27-17.15, APTT (s): 19.9-39.5 and INR: 0.73-1.33. Comparison of the prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR), activated thromboplastin time (APTT) and BMI between non-deskbound and deskbound staff showed a statistical significant difference for APTT (P=0.0119) and BMI (P=0.0427) while the PT and INR showed no significant statistical difference. However, all the measured haemostatic parameters were within the reference ranges. Conclusion: The increased APTT observed among the deskbound employees is a pointer to an abnormal haemorrhage if their sedentary working lifestyle continues without any ameliorative measures. Also the increased BMI seen among the Deskb","PeriodicalId":380612,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Haematology and Transfusion Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115212547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-30DOI: 10.59708/ajlhts.v1i1.2205
Stowe Opuada, K. Zifawei, T. C. Adias, Zaccheaus Awortu. Jeremiah
Background: The Cysteine-Cysteine Receptor 5 (CCR5) molecule is the most important co-receptor for macrophage-tropic HIV-1. A 32-bp deletion in the gene encoding CCR5 (CCR5-del32) confers nearly complete resistance to HIV-1 infection in homozygotes, and slows the rate of progression to AIDS in heterozygous adults. This study aimed to determine the frequencies of chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) genes alleles associated with V3 loop of glycoprotein (gp) 120 among HIV patients in Yenagoa, Nigeria. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from whole 100 blood samples using Quick gDNA Mini Prep kit. A portion of the CCR5 gene and gp 120 regions of HIV-1 DNA were amplified from the gDNA by PCR with sequence specific primers and universal primers respetively followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. DNA sequencing of the resultant gp 120 amplicon was also carried out. Results: The CCR5 gene was positive at 189bp. None was positive to the CCR5/Δ32 heterozygous and none was also positive to the Δ32 homozygous deletion. The V3 region of the HIV DNA was seen to be positive at 250bp. Conclusion: This study shows that there is Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the protein sequence in the V3 region of gp120 among positive individuals in the study population.
{"title":"Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the V3 region of glycoprotein 120 among Human immunodeficiency Virus positive subjects in Nigeria.","authors":"Stowe Opuada, K. Zifawei, T. C. Adias, Zaccheaus Awortu. Jeremiah","doi":"10.59708/ajlhts.v1i1.2205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59708/ajlhts.v1i1.2205","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Cysteine-Cysteine Receptor 5 (CCR5) molecule is the most important co-receptor for macrophage-tropic HIV-1. A 32-bp deletion in the gene encoding CCR5 (CCR5-del32) confers nearly complete resistance to HIV-1 infection in homozygotes, and slows the rate of progression to AIDS in heterozygous adults. This study aimed to determine the frequencies of chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) genes alleles associated with V3 loop of glycoprotein (gp) 120 among HIV patients in Yenagoa, Nigeria. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from whole 100 blood samples using Quick gDNA Mini Prep kit. A portion of the CCR5 gene and gp 120 regions of HIV-1 DNA were amplified from the gDNA by PCR with sequence specific primers and universal primers respetively followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. DNA sequencing of the resultant gp 120 amplicon was also carried out. Results: The CCR5 gene was positive at 189bp. None was positive to the CCR5/Δ32 heterozygous and none was also positive to the Δ32 homozygous deletion. The V3 region of the HIV DNA was seen to be positive at 250bp. Conclusion: This study shows that there is Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the protein sequence in the V3 region of gp120 among positive individuals in the study population.","PeriodicalId":380612,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Haematology and Transfusion Science","volume":"189 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117323210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-30DOI: 10.59708/ajlhts.v1i1.2210
J. Etura, Oluchi Deborah Onwukwe, E. Asemota, U. Akpan, A. O. Emeribe
Introduction: Occupational exposure to petroleum products and fumes has been reported to have toxic effects on various organs and body system including the circulatory system. This study examined some haematological parameters of the fuel pump attendants in Calabar Metropolis. Methods: One hundred (100) male and female participants (18-50 years) were recruited into this case control study. They consisted of 50 fuel pump attendants (28 males and 22 females) and 50 controls, all residing in Calabar metropolis. The haematological parameters were analyzed using the Sysmex XE- 2100 haematology autoanalyser. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 with Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation. P <0.05 were used considered statistically significant. Results: Ninety percent of the fuel pump attendants were exposed for duration of 1-4 years. The packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin, mean cell volume (MCV) and neutrophil count of fuel pump attendants were significantly lower compared to the controls. Monocyte count was significantly higher in the fuel pump attendants than in the controls (p<0.05). Platelet count correlated positively with TWBC (r=0.500, p=0.000) and neutrophil count (r=0.373, p=0.008) and negatively with lymphocyte count (r=-0.337, p=0.017). Conclusion: This finding implies that fuel has the potential to cause alterations in some haematological parameters, particularly in the red cell parameters and differential white cells, thus interfering with their normal function.
{"title":"Some Haematological Parameters of Fuel Pump Attendants in Calabar Metropolis","authors":"J. Etura, Oluchi Deborah Onwukwe, E. Asemota, U. Akpan, A. O. Emeribe","doi":"10.59708/ajlhts.v1i1.2210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59708/ajlhts.v1i1.2210","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Occupational exposure to petroleum products and fumes has been reported to have toxic effects on various organs and body system including the circulatory system. This study examined some haematological parameters of the fuel pump attendants in Calabar Metropolis. Methods: One hundred (100) male and female participants (18-50 years) were recruited into this case control study. They consisted of 50 fuel pump attendants (28 males and 22 females) and 50 controls, all residing in Calabar metropolis. The haematological parameters were analyzed using the Sysmex XE- 2100 haematology autoanalyser. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 with Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation. P <0.05 were used considered statistically significant. Results: Ninety percent of the fuel pump attendants were exposed for duration of 1-4 years. The packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin, mean cell volume (MCV) and neutrophil count of fuel pump attendants were significantly lower compared to the controls. Monocyte count was significantly higher in the fuel pump attendants than in the controls (p<0.05). Platelet count correlated positively with TWBC (r=0.500, p=0.000) and neutrophil count (r=0.373, p=0.008) and negatively with lymphocyte count (r=-0.337, p=0.017). Conclusion: This finding implies that fuel has the potential to cause alterations in some haematological parameters, particularly in the red cell parameters and differential white cells, thus interfering with their normal function.","PeriodicalId":380612,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Haematology and Transfusion Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134455000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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