Baiakmenlang Synmon, P. Phukan, Binoy K. Singh, Musharraf Hussain, S. Sharma, Y. Hynniewta
Objectives The aim of this article is to study the various structural causes and role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in epilepsy patients. Materials and Methods A 4-year retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Northeast India. The MRI brain findings of epilepsy patient were collected and analyzed for the years 2017 to 2020. Result A total of 630 patients of epilepsy underwent MRI brain with normal findings noted in 280 patients (44.4%). The other groups of 350 epilepsy patients (55.5%) had abnormal MRI brain findings and were included in the study with a minimum age of 2-month old and a maximum of 80 years. The most common abnormal MRI finding belongs to the infectious group (33.7%), with neurocysticercosis being the most common infectious etiology (p-value < 0.001). Gliosis was seen in 57 patients (16.3%), mostly in the middle-aged group. Vascular etiology was seen in 44 patients (12.6%), mostly in the middle-aged group. Features of hypoxic brain injury was seen in 26 patients (7.4%), mostly among patients of <18 years age. Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy was seen in 45 patients (12.9%), mostly seen in the adolescent. Neuronal migration defect was seen in 23 patients (6.5%), mostly among adolescent and young adults. Other abnormal MRI findings were tumor in 8 patients (2.3%), diffuse gyral swelling in 11 patients (3.1%), Rasmussen encephalitis in 4 patients (1.1%), neurocutaneous syndrome in 4 patients (1.1%), radiation necrosis and cyst in 1 patient each, Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome in 3 patients, moyamoya disease in 1 patient, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in 2 patients, and vasculitis in 4 patients. Conclusion MRI brain is the key investigation to identify the epileptic focus in epilepsy patients helping in their further treatment and prognosis.
{"title":"Structural Brain Lesion in Epilepsy Patients: An Experience from Northeast India","authors":"Baiakmenlang Synmon, P. Phukan, Binoy K. Singh, Musharraf Hussain, S. Sharma, Y. Hynniewta","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1744155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1744155","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Objectives The aim of this article is to study the various structural causes and role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in epilepsy patients.\u0000 Materials and Methods A 4-year retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Northeast India. The MRI brain findings of epilepsy patient were collected and analyzed for the years 2017 to 2020.\u0000 Result A total of 630 patients of epilepsy underwent MRI brain with normal findings noted in 280 patients (44.4%). The other groups of 350 epilepsy patients (55.5%) had abnormal MRI brain findings and were included in the study with a minimum age of 2-month old and a maximum of 80 years. The most common abnormal MRI finding belongs to the infectious group (33.7%), with neurocysticercosis being the most common infectious etiology (p-value < 0.001). Gliosis was seen in 57 patients (16.3%), mostly in the middle-aged group. Vascular etiology was seen in 44 patients (12.6%), mostly in the middle-aged group. Features of hypoxic brain injury was seen in 26 patients (7.4%), mostly among patients of <18 years age. Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy was seen in 45 patients (12.9%), mostly seen in the adolescent. Neuronal migration defect was seen in 23 patients (6.5%), mostly among adolescent and young adults. Other abnormal MRI findings were tumor in 8 patients (2.3%), diffuse gyral swelling in 11 patients (3.1%), Rasmussen encephalitis in 4 patients (1.1%), neurocutaneous syndrome in 4 patients (1.1%), radiation necrosis and cyst in 1 patient each, Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome in 3 patients, moyamoya disease in 1 patient, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in 2 patients, and vasculitis in 4 patients.\u0000 Conclusion MRI brain is the key investigation to identify the epileptic focus in epilepsy patients helping in their further treatment and prognosis.","PeriodicalId":38086,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Epilepsy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48069597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Sreenivasan, Rajalakshmi Krishna, P. Nair, A. Alexander
Objectives Working memory abilities are essential in the perception of acoustic signals, especially in the presence of noise. This study aimed to measure the working memory and its associated factors in children with self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (SECTS) and compare it with the typically developing children (TDC). Materials and Methods Twenty-two children with SECTS and 22 typically developing children participated in the study. The Digit span backward test was used for measuring working memory abilities. Statistical Analysis and Results The working memory of children with SECTS, measured with backward digit span, was significantly poor compared with the TDC (p < 0.001). Factors such as the age of onset of seizures, duration of seizures, frequency of seizures and spike load did not influence the working memory. Conclusion The children with SECTS demonstrated impairment in working memory abilities compared with normal children. The association between poor working memory and reported speech recognition impairment in children with SECTS needs to be studied.
{"title":"Evaluation of Auditory Working Memory Abilities in Children with Self Limited Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes (SECTS): A Pilot Study","authors":"A. Sreenivasan, Rajalakshmi Krishna, P. Nair, A. Alexander","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1742274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1742274","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Objectives Working memory abilities are essential in the perception of acoustic signals, especially in the presence of noise. This study aimed to measure the working memory and its associated factors in children with self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (SECTS) and compare it with the typically developing children (TDC).\u0000 Materials and Methods Twenty-two children with SECTS and 22 typically developing children participated in the study. The Digit span backward test was used for measuring working memory abilities.\u0000 Statistical Analysis and Results The working memory of children with SECTS, measured with backward digit span, was significantly poor compared with the TDC (p < 0.001). Factors such as the age of onset of seizures, duration of seizures, frequency of seizures and spike load did not influence the working memory.\u0000 Conclusion The children with SECTS demonstrated impairment in working memory abilities compared with normal children. The association between poor working memory and reported speech recognition impairment in children with SECTS needs to be studied.","PeriodicalId":38086,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Epilepsy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49244730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Rahimi-Madiseh, Shakiba Nasiri-Boroujeni, Z. Lorigooini, Meysam Nazari, Reihaneh Sadeghian, M. Rafieian-kopaei, H. Amini-khoei
Introduction It has been shown that oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of seizure. Current anticonvulsants have side effects, thus further studies are needed to find new agents with low side effects. Anchusa italica Retz. has been suggested to have antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. The present study aimed to determine the anticonvulsant effects of A. italica hydro-alcoholic extract on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in mice focusing on its possible antioxidative stress properties. Materials and Methods Sixty mice were randomly divided into six groups. The intervention groups received the A. italica extract at the doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, 30 minutes before the injection of PTZ, whereas the positive control group received phenobarbital. The seizure threshold was then recorded. Results A. italica extract significantly increased the seizure threshold. The extract significantly increased serum and prefrontal cortex total antioxidant capacity compared with the control group. The A. italica extract significantly reduced serum and prefrontal cortex malondialdehyde and nitrite levels compared with the control group. Conclusions The results showed the anticonvulsant effects of A. italica extracts on the PTZ-induced seizure in mice is partially due to the attenuation of oxidative stress.
已有研究表明氧化应激参与了癫痫发作的病理生理过程。目前的抗惊厥药有副作用，因此需要进一步研究寻找副作用低的新药物。Anchusa italica Retz。被认为具有抗氧化和神经保护作用。本研究旨在确定意大利香水酒精提取物对戊四唑(PTZ)致小鼠癫痫发作的抗惊厥作用，重点研究其可能的抗氧化应激特性。材料与方法将60只小鼠随机分为6组。干预组在注射PTZ前30分钟分别给予50、100、200 mg/kg剂量的意连提取物，阳性对照组给予苯巴比妥。然后记录癫痫发作阈值。一个结果。意大利菜提取物显著提高癫痫发作阈值。与对照组相比，该提取物显著提高了血清和前额叶皮层的总抗氧化能力。与对照组相比，意大利莲提取物显著降低了血清和前额叶皮层丙二醛和亚硝酸盐水平。结论意大利香提取物对ptz致小鼠癫痫发作的抗惊厥作用部分是由于其对氧化应激的抑制作用。
{"title":"Anchusa italica Retz. Hydro-Alcoholic Extract through Attenuation of Oxidative Stress Exerts an Anticonvulsant Effect on the Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizure in Mice","authors":"Mohammad Rahimi-Madiseh, Shakiba Nasiri-Boroujeni, Z. Lorigooini, Meysam Nazari, Reihaneh Sadeghian, M. Rafieian-kopaei, H. Amini-khoei","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1742275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1742275","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Introduction It has been shown that oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of seizure. Current anticonvulsants have side effects, thus further studies are needed to find new agents with low side effects. Anchusa italica Retz. has been suggested to have antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. The present study aimed to determine the anticonvulsant effects of A. italica hydro-alcoholic extract on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in mice focusing on its possible antioxidative stress properties.\u0000 Materials and Methods Sixty mice were randomly divided into six groups. The intervention groups received the A. italica extract at the doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, 30 minutes before the injection of PTZ, whereas the positive control group received phenobarbital. The seizure threshold was then recorded.\u0000 Results A. italica extract significantly increased the seizure threshold. The extract significantly increased serum and prefrontal cortex total antioxidant capacity compared with the control group. The A. italica extract significantly reduced serum and prefrontal cortex malondialdehyde and nitrite levels compared with the control group.\u0000 Conclusions The results showed the anticonvulsant effects of A. italica extracts on the PTZ-induced seizure in mice is partially due to the attenuation of oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":38086,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Epilepsy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45572056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. A. Dabilgou, A. Dravé, Boubacar Bagué, J. Kyelem, Zowentalé Belem, C. Napon, A. Millogo, K. Karfo, J. Kaboré
Background Epilepsy is a common and chronic neurological disorder influencing children's cognitive and behavioral performance. Primary caregivers of children with epilepsy (CWE) report high levels of depression and anxiety. Patients and Methods We performed a cross-sectional study on caregivers of CWE in the Neurology Department of Yalgado Ouédraogo University Teaching Hospital from May 7, 2020 to August 18, 2020. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scale and Beck Depression Inventory scale were assessed to screen anxiety and depression. Results One hundred caregivers with a mean age of 37.75 ± 10.69 years were included in the study. The majority of them were female gender (73%), aged <40 years (59%), and residing in rural areas (79%). Most of caregivers were female gender (73%) and the mothers of children (67%). The majority of CWE were boys (55%), having generalized epilepsy (55%) and epilepsy duration less than 6 years (74%). Anxiety was observed in 56%, depression in 27%, and both anxiety and depression in 23% of caregivers. The factors influencing anxiety among caregivers were female gender (p = 0.04), being patient's mothers (p = 0.04), and caring male patients (p = 0.04). The factors associated with caregiver's depression were being married (p = 0.03) and caring patients with five seizures per year (p = 0.04). Conclusion The study revealed very high rates of anxiety and depressive disorder among caregivers of CWE in Burkina Faso.
{"title":"Anxiety and Depression among Family Caregivers of Children with Epilepsy in Burkina Faso","authors":"A. A. Dabilgou, A. Dravé, Boubacar Bagué, J. Kyelem, Zowentalé Belem, C. Napon, A. Millogo, K. Karfo, J. Kaboré","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1742276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1742276","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background Epilepsy is a common and chronic neurological disorder influencing children's cognitive and behavioral performance. Primary caregivers of children with epilepsy (CWE) report high levels of depression and anxiety.\u0000 Patients and Methods We performed a cross-sectional study on caregivers of CWE in the Neurology Department of Yalgado Ouédraogo University Teaching Hospital from May 7, 2020 to August 18, 2020. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scale and Beck Depression Inventory scale were assessed to screen anxiety and depression.\u0000 Results One hundred caregivers with a mean age of 37.75 ± 10.69 years were included in the study. The majority of them were female gender (73%), aged <40 years (59%), and residing in rural areas (79%). Most of caregivers were female gender (73%) and the mothers of children (67%). The majority of CWE were boys (55%), having generalized epilepsy (55%) and epilepsy duration less than 6 years (74%). Anxiety was observed in 56%, depression in 27%, and both anxiety and depression in 23% of caregivers. The factors influencing anxiety among caregivers were female gender (p = 0.04), being patient's mothers (p = 0.04), and caring male patients (p = 0.04). The factors associated with caregiver's depression were being married (p = 0.03) and caring patients with five seizures per year (p = 0.04).\u0000 Conclusion The study revealed very high rates of anxiety and depressive disorder among caregivers of CWE in Burkina Faso.","PeriodicalId":38086,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Epilepsy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46464446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. M. Hossain, S. Akhter, M. Rahman, K. Fatema, Mis Mullik, K. Islam, A. Siddika, Arm SH Khan, M. Uddin, T. Saad
Abstract Background Psychiatric disorders are important aspects of epilepsy and have received increasing attention in the last several years. Although a significant number of children are afflicted with epilepsy with psychiatric comorbidities, the actual burden was not evaluated sufficiently. Objective To determine the types and frequency of psychiatric disorders in children with epilepsy. Materials and Methods This hospital-based case-control study was conducted at the outpatient department of a tertiary care center in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from September 2018 to August 2019. In total, 68 epileptic children, ranging from 5 to 17 years of age, were enrolled as cases. A similar number of nonepileptic children of age, sex, and sociodemographic status matched were enrolled as control. Parent, teacher, and self-version of Bengali Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) were used to assess the psychiatric disorders, and the diagnosis was assigned as Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-V of Mental Disorders. Results Higher proportion of psychiatric illness were found significantly among the cases (83.8% vs. 16.2%; p < 0.001) and broad categories of disorders, namely, neurodevelopmental (30.9% vs. 1.5%, p < 0.001), emotional (48.5% vs. 7.4%, p < 0.001) and behavioral disorder (19.1% vs. 7.4%, p = 0.043) compared with controls. There was a significant relationship between psychiatric disorders with the duration of epilepsy of the respondents (p = 0.032). Conclusions This study result showed the significant association of psychiatric disorders with epilepsy among children and adolescent population. Thus, psychiatric disorders should be properly addressed during treatment of epilepsy.
{"title":"Association of Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents with Epilepsy in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh","authors":"M. M. Hossain, S. Akhter, M. Rahman, K. Fatema, Mis Mullik, K. Islam, A. Siddika, Arm SH Khan, M. Uddin, T. Saad","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1739399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1739399","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Psychiatric disorders are important aspects of epilepsy and have received increasing attention in the last several years. Although a significant number of children are afflicted with epilepsy with psychiatric comorbidities, the actual burden was not evaluated sufficiently. Objective To determine the types and frequency of psychiatric disorders in children with epilepsy. Materials and Methods This hospital-based case-control study was conducted at the outpatient department of a tertiary care center in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from September 2018 to August 2019. In total, 68 epileptic children, ranging from 5 to 17 years of age, were enrolled as cases. A similar number of nonepileptic children of age, sex, and sociodemographic status matched were enrolled as control. Parent, teacher, and self-version of Bengali Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) were used to assess the psychiatric disorders, and the diagnosis was assigned as Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-V of Mental Disorders. Results Higher proportion of psychiatric illness were found significantly among the cases (83.8% vs. 16.2%; p < 0.001) and broad categories of disorders, namely, neurodevelopmental (30.9% vs. 1.5%, p < 0.001), emotional (48.5% vs. 7.4%, p < 0.001) and behavioral disorder (19.1% vs. 7.4%, p = 0.043) compared with controls. There was a significant relationship between psychiatric disorders with the duration of epilepsy of the respondents (p = 0.032). Conclusions This study result showed the significant association of psychiatric disorders with epilepsy among children and adolescent population. Thus, psychiatric disorders should be properly addressed during treatment of epilepsy.","PeriodicalId":38086,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Epilepsy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45483748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Objectives In this article, we aimed to determine the correlates of depression among patients with epilepsy in Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro, Abeokuta, Nigeria. Methods 270 patients with epilepsy attending the outpatient clinic of the hospital were recruited and assessed using sociodemographic questionnaire, MINI-Plus, and BDI-II. Results The mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of the respondents was 32 (9.9) years, 45.6% were females, and 38.5% were married. Thirty-two (11.9%) patients had a diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) and 13 (4.8%) had a diagnosis of dysthymia. The most common depressive symptoms were loss of pleasure (84.4%), crying (84.4%), self-dislike (81.3%), and loss of energy, tiredness/fatigue, indecisiveness and punishment feelings (78.1% each). Vegetative symptoms such as changes in appetite and sleep and loss of interest in sex were the least common depressive symptoms. In the logistic regression, seizure frequency was the single predictor of MDD and dysthymia. Patients who had at least one seizure per week were five times more likely to develop MDD (OR = 5.1, p = 0.014) and 16 times likely to have dysthymia (OR= 16.0, p = 0.0007). Patients who had at least one seizure per month were 3 times more likely to develop MDD (OR = 3.3, p = 0.029). Conclusion Seizure frequency is an independent predictor of depression among patients with epilepsy. Patients with poor seizure control are at higher risk of developing depression and should be routinely screened for depression.
摘要目的在本文中，我们旨在确定尼日利亚阿罗阿贝奥库塔神经精神病院癫痫患者抑郁的相关因素。方法采用社会人口学问卷、MINI-Plus、BDI-II对该院门诊癫痫患者270例进行评估。结果调查对象的平均(标准差[SD])年龄为32岁(9.9)岁，女性占45.6%，已婚占38.5%。32例(11.9%)诊断为重度抑郁症(MDD)， 13例(4.8%)诊断为心境恶劣。最常见的抑郁症状是失去快乐(84.4%)，哭泣(84.4%)，自我厌恶(81.3%)，以及失去精力，疲倦/疲劳，优柔寡断和惩罚感(78.1%)。植物性症状，如食欲和睡眠的改变以及对性失去兴趣是最不常见的抑郁症状。在logistic回归中，癫痫发作频率是重度抑郁症和心境恶劣的单一预测因子。每周至少发作一次的患者患重度抑郁症的可能性是正常患者的5倍(OR= 5.1, p = 0.014)，患心境恶劣的可能性是正常患者的16倍(OR= 16.0, p = 0.0007)。每月至少发作一次的患者发展为重度抑郁症的可能性是其他患者的3倍(OR = 3.3, p = 0.029)。结论癫痫发作频率是癫痫患者抑郁的独立预测因子。癫痫发作控制不佳的患者患抑郁症的风险较高，应定期进行抑郁症筛查。
{"title":"Depression in Patients with Epilepsy in Nigeria: Phenomenology and Predictors","authors":"Temitope Ogundare","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1726163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1726163","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives In this article, we aimed to determine the correlates of depression among patients with epilepsy in Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro, Abeokuta, Nigeria. Methods 270 patients with epilepsy attending the outpatient clinic of the hospital were recruited and assessed using sociodemographic questionnaire, MINI-Plus, and BDI-II. Results The mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of the respondents was 32 (9.9) years, 45.6% were females, and 38.5% were married. Thirty-two (11.9%) patients had a diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) and 13 (4.8%) had a diagnosis of dysthymia. The most common depressive symptoms were loss of pleasure (84.4%), crying (84.4%), self-dislike (81.3%), and loss of energy, tiredness/fatigue, indecisiveness and punishment feelings (78.1% each). Vegetative symptoms such as changes in appetite and sleep and loss of interest in sex were the least common depressive symptoms. In the logistic regression, seizure frequency was the single predictor of MDD and dysthymia. Patients who had at least one seizure per week were five times more likely to develop MDD (OR = 5.1, p = 0.014) and 16 times likely to have dysthymia (OR= 16.0, p = 0.0007). Patients who had at least one seizure per month were 3 times more likely to develop MDD (OR = 3.3, p = 0.029). Conclusion Seizure frequency is an independent predictor of depression among patients with epilepsy. Patients with poor seizure control are at higher risk of developing depression and should be routinely screened for depression.","PeriodicalId":38086,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Epilepsy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0041-1726163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46455315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Introduction Epilepsy is a common condition in neurology comprising several electroclinical syndromes and seizure disorders of varying known and unknown etiologies that require variable diagnostic workup, treatment, and have obviously different prognoses. Therefore, for appropriate patient management, the best possible classification system for epilepsy is required. The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) is continuously working on this with the latest classification provided in 2017. There is little knowledge about seizure type based on newer classification systems in Indian patients. Aims and Objective To test the applicability of the newer ILAE 2017 classification of epilepsy in determining seizure type in Indian patients, with respect to right patient management, the best classification system for epilepsy is necessary. Materials and Methods Prospective data of 310 consecutive patients with seizures presenting in neurology department was collected from December 2017 to June 2018 and analyzed according to the newer systems of classification of seizures proposed by ILAE in 2017. Results All 310 patients in age ranging from one year to 72 years with seizures could be classified according to the ILAE 2017 classification system. Focal onset seizure was noted in 66 patients (21.3%), while 244 patients (78.7%) had generalized onset based on clinical onset of seizure. Awareness was impaired in 262 (84.5%) patients. Motor onset seizure was observed in 278 patients (89.6%), while nonmotor seizure included absence, sensory, cognitive, and autonomic seizures. Conclusion The present study showed that all patients could be classified using ILAE 2017 classification system. Majority of seizure were generalized onset, predominantly motor type of seizure with impaired awareness using clinical description of classifying seizure, while focal onset seizure was the majority type of seizure when ancillary information was considered.
{"title":"Validation of the New International League Against Epilepsy 2017 Classification for Determining Seizure Type in Indian Patients","authors":"S. Manorenj, Navya Sagari","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1731934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1731934","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Epilepsy is a common condition in neurology comprising several electroclinical syndromes and seizure disorders of varying known and unknown etiologies that require variable diagnostic workup, treatment, and have obviously different prognoses. Therefore, for appropriate patient management, the best possible classification system for epilepsy is required. The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) is continuously working on this with the latest classification provided in 2017. There is little knowledge about seizure type based on newer classification systems in Indian patients. Aims and Objective To test the applicability of the newer ILAE 2017 classification of epilepsy in determining seizure type in Indian patients, with respect to right patient management, the best classification system for epilepsy is necessary. Materials and Methods Prospective data of 310 consecutive patients with seizures presenting in neurology department was collected from December 2017 to June 2018 and analyzed according to the newer systems of classification of seizures proposed by ILAE in 2017. Results All 310 patients in age ranging from one year to 72 years with seizures could be classified according to the ILAE 2017 classification system. Focal onset seizure was noted in 66 patients (21.3%), while 244 patients (78.7%) had generalized onset based on clinical onset of seizure. Awareness was impaired in 262 (84.5%) patients. Motor onset seizure was observed in 278 patients (89.6%), while nonmotor seizure included absence, sensory, cognitive, and autonomic seizures. Conclusion The present study showed that all patients could be classified using ILAE 2017 classification system. Majority of seizure were generalized onset, predominantly motor type of seizure with impaired awareness using clinical description of classifying seizure, while focal onset seizure was the majority type of seizure when ancillary information was considered.","PeriodicalId":38086,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Epilepsy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0041-1731934","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48283146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Jagadishkumar, P. Vasudev, Nemichandra Siddanakatte Chandrashekariah, Ashok Huduguru Chandrashekar Reddy
An 8-year-old, right-handed female with no initial precipitat-ing injuries or family history was presented to the casualty with the history of convulsions. Seizure semiology involves sudden onset of forced head and eye deviation to the left lasting for 20 to 30 seconds with clonic movements of left upper limb. During the episode, the child remained respon-sive and there was no involvement of other limbs ( ►Fig. 1 and ► Video 1 ). Child had a total of four such episodes before hospitalization. General physical and neurological examina-tion was within normal limits. Her fundoscopy was normal.
{"title":"Localization Value of Versive Seizures—A Video Report","authors":"K. Jagadishkumar, P. Vasudev, Nemichandra Siddanakatte Chandrashekariah, Ashok Huduguru Chandrashekar Reddy","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1726171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1726171","url":null,"abstract":"An 8-year-old, right-handed female with no initial precipitat-ing injuries or family history was presented to the casualty with the history of convulsions. Seizure semiology involves sudden onset of forced head and eye deviation to the left lasting for 20 to 30 seconds with clonic movements of left upper limb. During the episode, the child remained respon-sive and there was no involvement of other limbs ( ►Fig. 1 and ► Video 1 ). Child had a total of four such episodes before hospitalization. General physical and neurological examina-tion was within normal limits. Her fundoscopy was normal.","PeriodicalId":38086,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Epilepsy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0041-1726171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44470864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Das, S. Biswas, S. Dubey, D. Lahiri, B. Ray, A. Pandit, S. P. Saha, A. Biswas
Abstract Objectives Patients with epilepsy and their family have diverse beliefs about the cause of their illness that generally determine their treatment-seeking behavior. In this study, our aim was to find out different beliefs about epilepsy that lead to different help-seeking patterns, which act as barrier to the intended modern medical management of epilepsy. Materials and Methods One hundred and fifty consecutive consenting patients accompanied by a reliable informant/family member fulfilling the International Classification of Epileptic Seizures (ICES), simplified version, were included. Demographic and clinical data of all the eligible subjects was collected. Perceived cause of illness and help-seeking pattern were explored from patient/informant by administering proper instruments. Results Respondents identified varied causes of epilepsy and explored multiple help-seeking options before reaching tertiary care centers. We observed that, generally, epileptic patients/relatives who had belief in causes like supernatural causes sought help from nonprofessional personnel and those attributed their symptom to bodily pathology had professional help-seeking. Conclusions The belief in supernatural causes not being conformed to the biomedical models of the epileptic disorders increases the treatment gap.
{"title":"Perception about Etiology of Epilepsy and Help-Seeking Behavior in Patients with Epilepsy","authors":"G. Das, S. Biswas, S. Dubey, D. Lahiri, B. Ray, A. Pandit, S. P. Saha, A. Biswas","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1731933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1731933","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives Patients with epilepsy and their family have diverse beliefs about the cause of their illness that generally determine their treatment-seeking behavior. In this study, our aim was to find out different beliefs about epilepsy that lead to different help-seeking patterns, which act as barrier to the intended modern medical management of epilepsy. Materials and Methods One hundred and fifty consecutive consenting patients accompanied by a reliable informant/family member fulfilling the International Classification of Epileptic Seizures (ICES), simplified version, were included. Demographic and clinical data of all the eligible subjects was collected. Perceived cause of illness and help-seeking pattern were explored from patient/informant by administering proper instruments. Results Respondents identified varied causes of epilepsy and explored multiple help-seeking options before reaching tertiary care centers. We observed that, generally, epileptic patients/relatives who had belief in causes like supernatural causes sought help from nonprofessional personnel and those attributed their symptom to bodily pathology had professional help-seeking. Conclusions The belief in supernatural causes not being conformed to the biomedical models of the epileptic disorders increases the treatment gap.","PeriodicalId":38086,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Epilepsy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0041-1731933","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43302726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zahra Fakhroleslam, M. Karami, M. Roghani, Atiyeh Nejadebrahim
Abstract Background Epilepsy is a neural disorder with repeatable seizure attacks. In this article, we used the neurotoxin colchicine, which is derived from the plant Colchicum autumnale, to introduce a low cost but the more valuable alive animal model for epilepsy. Materials and Methods Wistar rats weighing 250 to 300 g after intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (100 mg/kg) and xylazine (20 mg/kg) were restrained in the stereotaxic apparatus; they were cannulated in the dorsal striatal area (AP: 0.5 mm; L: 3 mm; V: 3.6 mm). One week later, an injection cannula attached to a 5-µ Hamilton syringe by polyethylene tubing guided 0.05 to 25 μg/rat colchicine in the recovered healthy rats once daily for 4 consecutive days. The control group solely received the saline solution. The behavioral signs of all animals were daily recorded. Finally, the brains of rats under deep euthanasia were collected in 10% formalin and examined histopathologically. The dorsal striatal regions were cut coronally into 3 to 4 µm-thick slices, and then stained with hematoxylin-eosin. They were eventually examined under the light microscope to verify the injection placement or possibility of lesions. All data were analyzed by analysis of variance under α = 0.05. Results Behaviors were quantified based on Racine five-stage scoring and showed the significant epileptic generalized seizures in alive animal treated by intrastriatal injection of colchicine. However, tissue damage was invisible in the target brain area. Conclusion The colchicine, using injection successively into the dorsal striatal region of rat, can create recurring epileptic convulsions in the animal.
{"title":"Alive Animal Model for Epilepsy by Intradorsal Striatum Injection of Colchicine","authors":"Zahra Fakhroleslam, M. Karami, M. Roghani, Atiyeh Nejadebrahim","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1727403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1727403","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Epilepsy is a neural disorder with repeatable seizure attacks. In this article, we used the neurotoxin colchicine, which is derived from the plant Colchicum autumnale, to introduce a low cost but the more valuable alive animal model for epilepsy. Materials and Methods Wistar rats weighing 250 to 300 g after intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (100 mg/kg) and xylazine (20 mg/kg) were restrained in the stereotaxic apparatus; they were cannulated in the dorsal striatal area (AP: 0.5 mm; L: 3 mm; V: 3.6 mm). One week later, an injection cannula attached to a 5-µ Hamilton syringe by polyethylene tubing guided 0.05 to 25 μg/rat colchicine in the recovered healthy rats once daily for 4 consecutive days. The control group solely received the saline solution. The behavioral signs of all animals were daily recorded. Finally, the brains of rats under deep euthanasia were collected in 10% formalin and examined histopathologically. The dorsal striatal regions were cut coronally into 3 to 4 µm-thick slices, and then stained with hematoxylin-eosin. They were eventually examined under the light microscope to verify the injection placement or possibility of lesions. All data were analyzed by analysis of variance under α = 0.05. Results Behaviors were quantified based on Racine five-stage scoring and showed the significant epileptic generalized seizures in alive animal treated by intrastriatal injection of colchicine. However, tissue damage was invisible in the target brain area. Conclusion The colchicine, using injection successively into the dorsal striatal region of rat, can create recurring epileptic convulsions in the animal.","PeriodicalId":38086,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Epilepsy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0041-1727403","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41668092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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