Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100407
Yeimy C. Ramírez–Rodas , Ma. de Lourdes Arévalo–Galarza , Jorge Cadena–Iñiguez , Ramón M. Soto–Hernández , Cecilia B. Peña–Valdivia , José A. Guerrero–Analco , Juan L. Monribot–Villanueva , Rubén San Miguel-Chávez
The fruit of chayote (Sechium edule) has a recalcitrant seed, as a consequence, viviparism (seed germination inside the fruit) occurs in the first 13 days after harvest. However, at the moment no phytohormone–dependent metabolic changes have been described that would allow us to understand the hormonal relationship during germination. Untargeted and targeted metabolomic analyses were performed on chayote seed treated with plant growth regulators, evaluated in fruits at 7 and 10 days after harvest. Exogenous application of 2–chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethylene releaser) and gibberellic acid3 accelerated germination and viviparism, while auxins and abscisic acid delayed them. Metabolic pathways and possible key metabolites regulating germination were identified, including ethylene, gibberellins, auxins and abscisic acid. This study suggests a likely hormone interaction model during chayote seed germination.
{"title":"Metabolomic analyses during chayote (Sechium edule var. virens levis) seed germination under the influence of growth regulators","authors":"Yeimy C. Ramírez–Rodas , Ma. de Lourdes Arévalo–Galarza , Jorge Cadena–Iñiguez , Ramón M. Soto–Hernández , Cecilia B. Peña–Valdivia , José A. Guerrero–Analco , Juan L. Monribot–Villanueva , Rubén San Miguel-Chávez","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fruit of chayote (<em>Sechium edule</em>) has a recalcitrant seed, as a consequence, viviparism (seed germination inside the fruit) occurs in the first 13 days after harvest. However, at the moment no phytohormone–dependent metabolic changes have been described that would allow us to understand the hormonal relationship during germination. Untargeted and targeted metabolomic analyses were performed on chayote seed treated with plant growth regulators, evaluated in fruits at 7 and 10 days after harvest. Exogenous application of 2–chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethylene releaser) and gibberellic acid<sub>3</sub> accelerated germination and viviparism, while auxins and abscisic acid delayed them. Metabolic pathways and possible key metabolites regulating germination were identified, including ethylene, gibberellins, auxins and abscisic acid. This study suggests a likely hormone interaction model during chayote seed germination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100407"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Light-regulated developmental processes such as photomorphogenesis and flowering play important roles in the plant life cycle, from seedling emergence to reproduction. Three members of the Arabidopsis thaliana B-BOX DOMAIN PROTEIN (BBX) family, BBX14, BBX15, and BBX16 (hereafter BBX14/15/16), redundantly regulate flowering time, but whether this genetic redundancy also affects the regulation of photomorphogenesis remains unclear. Here, we show that light induces BBX14/15/16 expression primarily in the hypocotyl, where BBX14/15/16 redundantly repress hypocotyl elongation. PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs) negatively regulate BBX14/15/16 expression mainly through GOLDEN-LIKE proteins (GLKs); however, analyses of ChIP-seq data showed that PIFs are recruited to the BBX14/15/16 loci and can also regulate these genes independently of GLKs. ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), a major regulator of photomorphogenesis, also directly binds to the BBX14/15/16 loci and regulates their expression. Simultaneous knockdown of BBX14/15/16 resulted in significant downregulation of HY5 and upregulation of PIFs, suggesting that these factors participate in a feedback regulatory loop. Indeed, BBX14/15/16 induced HY5 promoter activity by binding to the HY5 promoter. The brassinosteroid-responsive gene TOUCH4 (TCH4) and several auxin-responsive SMALL AUXIN UPREGULATED RNA (SAUR) genes were upregulated in the BBX14/15/16 knockdown plants, suggesting that auxin and brassinosteroids might participate in BBX14/15/16-mediated hypocotyl regulation. Mutating the predicted BBX-binding sites in SAUR4 and TCH4 impaired their regulation by BBX14/15/16. We propose that BBX14/15/16, together with HY5 and PIFs, form a feedback loop that regulates the expression of auxin- and brassinosteroid-related genes to modulate hypocotyl elongation.
{"title":"Arabidopsis B-BOX DOMAIN PROTEIN14/15/16 form a feedback loop with ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 and PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs to regulate hypocotyl elongation","authors":"Zeeshan Nasim , Nouroz Karim , Hendry Susila , Ji Hoon Ahn","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Light-regulated developmental processes such as photomorphogenesis and flowering play important roles in the plant life cycle, from seedling emergence to reproduction. Three members of the <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> B-BOX DOMAIN PROTEIN (BBX) family, <em>BBX14</em>, <em>BBX15</em>, and <em>BBX16</em> (hereafter <em>BBX14/15/16</em>), redundantly regulate flowering time, but whether this genetic redundancy also affects the regulation of photomorphogenesis remains unclear. Here, we show that light induces <em>BBX14/15/16</em> expression primarily in the hypocotyl, where BBX14/15/16 redundantly repress hypocotyl elongation. PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs) negatively regulate <em>BBX14/15/16</em> expression mainly through GOLDEN-LIKE proteins (GLKs); however, analyses of ChIP-seq data showed that PIFs are recruited to the <em>BBX14/15/16</em> loci and can also regulate these genes independently of GLKs. ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), a major regulator of photomorphogenesis, also directly binds to the <em>BBX14/15/16</em> loci and regulates their expression. Simultaneous knockdown of <em>BBX14/15/16</em> resulted in significant downregulation of <em>HY5</em> and upregulation of <em>PIF</em>s, suggesting that these factors participate in a feedback regulatory loop. Indeed, BBX14/15/16 induced <em>HY5</em> promoter activity by binding to the <em>HY5</em> promoter. The brassinosteroid-responsive gene <em>TOUCH4</em> (<em>TCH4</em>) and several auxin-responsive <em>SMALL AUXIN UPREGULATED RNA</em> (<em>SAUR</em>) genes were upregulated in the <em>BBX14/15/16</em> knockdown plants, suggesting that auxin and brassinosteroids might participate in BBX14/15/16-mediated hypocotyl regulation. Mutating the predicted BBX-binding sites in <em>SAUR4</em> and <em>TCH4</em> impaired their regulation by BBX14/15/16. We propose that BBX14/15/16, together with HY5 and PIFs, form a feedback loop that regulates the expression of auxin- and brassinosteroid-related genes to modulate hypocotyl elongation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100395"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100406
Xinghui Liu , Yingying Shao , Detian Mu , Yu Zhou , Jialong He , Huan Zhao , Iain W. Wilson , Yao Zhang , Lina Zhu , Deyou Qiu , Qi Tang
Uncaria rhynchophylla is a widely used Chinese herbal medicine known for its terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs), which help in treating hypertension. Teosinte branched 1/cycloidea/proliferating cell factors 1/2 (TCP) TFs have been shown to have a role in the growth and development of plants, but the regulation mechanism of UrTCP in the TIAs biosynthesis pathway is yet unknown. In this study, twenty-six UrTCP genes were identified from the genome of U. rhynchophylla, and these genes were classified into three subgroups based on the phylogenetic analysis. UrTCPs from the same group or subgroup share comparable gene structures and conserved motifs. These 26 UrTCP genes were unevenly distributed throughout 22 chromosomes, and gene segmental duplication occurred. The interspecific co-linearity analysis suggested that UrTCP4 may have an important function in evolutionary process. The expression patterns analysis of UrTCP genes by RT-qPCR showed most UrTCP genes had the highest expression in leaves and stem hooks. The results of co-expression analysis and phylogenetic relationships screened UrTCP4 as the most likely participant in TIAs and its precursor synthesis. Furthermore, the subcellular localization of UrTCP4 indicated that it is located in nucleus. Dual luciferase assays revealed the UrTCP4 protein could activate or repress the transcription of UrLAMT and Ur7-DLH in the TIAs synthesis pathway. Finally, Yeast-one-hybrid assays demonstrated that the UrTCP4 protein can bind to the promoters of UrLAMT and Ur7-DLH. Thus, UrTCP4 may be involved in the regulation of the TIAs biosynthesis pathway. This research establishes a groundwork for elucidating the functions of UrTCP gene family in U. rhynchophylla, offering new insights into the regulation of TIAs.
{"title":"Genome-wide identification of TCP transcription factors and functional role of UrTCP4 in regulating terpenoid indole alkaloids biosynthesis in Uncaria rhynchophylla","authors":"Xinghui Liu , Yingying Shao , Detian Mu , Yu Zhou , Jialong He , Huan Zhao , Iain W. Wilson , Yao Zhang , Lina Zhu , Deyou Qiu , Qi Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Uncaria rhynchophylla</em> is a widely used Chinese herbal medicine known for its terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs), which help in treating hypertension. Teosinte branched 1/cycloidea/proliferating cell factors 1/2 (TCP) TFs have been shown to have a role in the growth and development of plants, but the regulation mechanism of UrTCP in the TIAs biosynthesis pathway is yet unknown. In this study, twenty-six <em>UrTCP</em> genes were identified from the genome of <em>U. rhynchophylla,</em> and these genes were classified into three subgroups based on the phylogenetic analysis. <em>UrTCPs</em> from the same group or subgroup share comparable gene structures and conserved motifs. These 26 <em>UrTCP</em> genes were unevenly distributed throughout 22 chromosomes, and gene segmental duplication occurred. The interspecific co-linearity analysis suggested that <em>UrTCP4</em> may have an important function in evolutionary process. The expression patterns analysis of <em>UrTCP</em> genes by RT-qPCR showed most <em>UrTCP</em> genes had the highest expression in leaves and stem hooks. The results of co-expression analysis and phylogenetic relationships screened UrTCP4 as the most likely participant in TIAs and its precursor synthesis. Furthermore, the subcellular localization of UrTCP4 indicated that it is located in nucleus. Dual luciferase assays revealed the UrTCP4 protein could activate or repress the transcription of <em>UrLAMT</em> and <em>Ur7-DLH</em> in the TIAs synthesis pathway. Finally, Yeast-one-hybrid assays demonstrated that the UrTCP4 protein can bind to the promoters of <em>UrLAMT</em> and <em>Ur7-DLH</em>. Thus, UrTCP4 may be involved in the regulation of the TIAs biosynthesis pathway. This research establishes a groundwork for elucidating the functions of <em>UrTCP</em> gene family in <em>U. rhynchophylla</em>, offering new insights into the regulation of TIAs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100406"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100404
Hira Khalid , Muhammad Hassan Butt , Aziz ur Rehman Aziz , Iqra Ahmad , Farzana Iqbal , Amen Shamim , Umar Nishan , Riaz Ullah , Mohamed A. Ibrahim , Arlindo Alencar Moura , Mohibullah Shah , Wenwen Sun
The enzyme α-glucosidase in the small intestine regulates blood glucose levels and stimulates the hydrolysis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, increasing glucose levels in the body. Inhibiting this enzyme slows glucose digestion and absorption and as a result post-prandial blood glucose levels remain low, causing decreased insulin demand. Here, we investigated the ayurvedic antidiabetic plants and virtually screened an in-house library of 478 phytochemicals of these plants against the human α-glucosidase. We identified 11 secondary metabolites, including palmitic acid α-monoglyceride, (+)-(2 R)-6-propionyloxyethyl-4′,5,7-trihydroxyisoflavanone, Abruquinone E, and Aurantiamide Acetate, among others, showed stronger interactions with the receptor than the native ligand N-acetyl cysteine. Surprisingly, except one, all of these metabolites were from Abrus precatorius L. [Fabaceae] affirming its ethnopharmacological use against diabetes. The stability of the interactions between the ligands and receptor protein was evaluated through Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulation trajectories including root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), radius of gyration (Rg), H bonds, β-factor analysis, and binding energy calculation through MM/GBSA method. The efficacy of top metabolites in inhibiting α-glucosidase is depicted in pharmacophore analysis. A comprehensive pharmacokinetics analysis confirmed the druggability, safety, and efficiency of top drug candidates. Additionally, we predicted the interactions of these top metabolites within the biological system. The medicinal properties described in this study will help develop active drug candidates for therapeutic purposes. Further experiments are recommended to prove the effectiveness of these metabolites in inhibiting the α-glucosidase enzyme for exploring their potential in the treatment of diabetes.
小肠中的α-葡萄糖苷酶能调节血糖水平，刺激低聚糖和多糖的水解，增加体内的葡萄糖含量。抑制这种酶会减缓葡萄糖的消化和吸收，从而使餐后血糖水平保持在较低水平，导致对胰岛素的需求减少。在此，我们对阿育吠陀抗糖尿病植物进行了研究，并对这些植物的 478 种植物化学物质库进行了针对人类 α-葡萄糖苷酶的虚拟筛选。我们发现了 11 种次生代谢物，包括棕榈酸 α-单甘酯、(+)-(2 R)-6- 丙酰氧基乙基-4′,5,7-三羟基异黄烷酮、阿布鲁醌 E 和醋酸金盏花酰胺等，它们与受体的相互作用比原生配体 N-乙酰半胱氨酸更强。令人惊讶的是，除一种代谢物外，所有这些代谢物都来自 Abrus precatorius L. [豆科]，这肯定了它在防治糖尿病方面的民族药学用途。通过分子动力学（MD）模拟轨迹，包括均方根偏差（RMSD）、均方根波动（RMSF）、回旋半径（Rg）、H 键、β 因子分析以及 MM/GBSA 方法计算结合能，评估了配体与受体蛋白之间相互作用的稳定性。药代动力学分析表明了顶级代谢物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用。全面的药代动力学分析证实了顶级候选药物的可药性、安全性和有效性。此外，我们还预测了这些顶级代谢物在生物系统中的相互作用。本研究中描述的药用特性将有助于开发用于治疗目的的活性候选药物。建议进行进一步的实验，以证明这些代谢物在抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶方面的有效性，从而探索它们在治疗糖尿病方面的潜力。
{"title":"Phytobioinformatics screening of ayurvedic plants for potential α-glucosidase inhibitors in diabetes management","authors":"Hira Khalid , Muhammad Hassan Butt , Aziz ur Rehman Aziz , Iqra Ahmad , Farzana Iqbal , Amen Shamim , Umar Nishan , Riaz Ullah , Mohamed A. Ibrahim , Arlindo Alencar Moura , Mohibullah Shah , Wenwen Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The enzyme α-glucosidase in the small intestine regulates blood glucose levels and stimulates the hydrolysis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, increasing glucose levels in the body. Inhibiting this enzyme slows glucose digestion and absorption and as a result post-prandial blood glucose levels remain low, causing decreased insulin demand. Here, we investigated the ayurvedic antidiabetic plants and virtually screened an in-house library of 478 phytochemicals of these plants against the human α-glucosidase. We identified 11 secondary metabolites, including palmitic acid α-monoglyceride, (+)-(2 R)-6-propionyloxyethyl-4′,5,7-trihydroxyisoflavanone, Abruquinone E, and Aurantiamide Acetate, among others, showed stronger interactions with the receptor than the native ligand N-acetyl cysteine. Surprisingly, except one, all of these metabolites were from <em>Abrus precatorius</em> L. [Fabaceae] affirming its ethnopharmacological use against diabetes. The stability of the interactions between the ligands and receptor protein was evaluated through Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulation trajectories including root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), radius of gyration (Rg), H bonds, β-factor analysis, and binding energy calculation through MM/GBSA method. The efficacy of top metabolites in inhibiting α-glucosidase is depicted in pharmacophore analysis. A comprehensive pharmacokinetics analysis confirmed the druggability, safety, and efficiency of top drug candidates. Additionally, we predicted the interactions of these top metabolites within the biological system. The medicinal properties described in this study will help develop active drug candidates for therapeutic purposes. Further experiments are recommended to prove the effectiveness of these metabolites in inhibiting the α-glucosidase enzyme for exploring their potential in the treatment of diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100404"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100405
Chengcai Pan , Yu Wang , Yiyin Ji , Yang Zhou , Xingyu Jiang
The SWEET sugar transporter plays a fundamental role in plant growth and development. In this study, 18 SWEET genes were identified from sweet sorghum (Sorghum dochna), encoding proteins with 231–336 amino acids, molecular weights from 25.15 to 35.69 kDa, and isoelectric points ranging between 6.41 and 9.69. Phylogenetic analysis categorized these proteins into four distinct subgroups. Examination of spatial expression patterns demonstrated that SdSWEET genes were expressed in a tissue-specific manner. Furthermore, their involvement in responses to various abiotic stresses, including cold, heat, drought, and salinity was observed. A yeast complementation assay verified that SdSWEET01, located on the plasma membrane, selectively transported glucose, sucrose, and galactose, while excluding fructose. Transgenic Arabidopsis expressing SdSWEET01 exhibited enhanced sugar absorption compared to wild-type plants, resulting in increased sensitivity and growth inhibition under high-sugar conditions. The study provides a detailed functional characterization of SdSWEET genes and emphasizes the critical role of SdSWEET01 in regulating sugar transport.
{"title":"Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the SWEET gene family in sweet sorghum (Sorghum dochna) and the role of SdSWEET01 in sugar transport","authors":"Chengcai Pan , Yu Wang , Yiyin Ji , Yang Zhou , Xingyu Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The SWEET sugar transporter plays a fundamental role in plant growth and development. In this study, 18 <em>SWEET</em> genes were identified from sweet sorghum (<em>Sorghum dochna</em>), encoding proteins with 231–336 amino acids, molecular weights from 25.15 to 35.69 kDa, and isoelectric points ranging between 6.41 and 9.69. Phylogenetic analysis categorized these proteins into four distinct subgroups. Examination of spatial expression patterns demonstrated that <em>SdSWEET</em> genes were expressed in a tissue-specific manner. Furthermore, their involvement in responses to various abiotic stresses, including cold, heat, drought, and salinity was observed. A yeast complementation assay verified that SdSWEET01, located on the plasma membrane, selectively transported glucose, sucrose, and galactose, while excluding fructose. Transgenic <em>Arabidopsis</em> expressing <em>SdSWEET01</em> exhibited enhanced sugar absorption compared to wild-type plants, resulting in increased sensitivity and growth inhibition under high-sugar conditions. The study provides a detailed functional characterization of <em>SdSWEET</em> genes and emphasizes the critical role of SdSWEET01 in regulating sugar transport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100405"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100403
Mohamed A. El-Esawi , Hayssam M. Ali , Ashraf Atef Hatamleh , Munirah Abdullah Al-Dosary , Enas M. El-Ballat
Lead toxicity and bacterial blight disease caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. glycinea have destructive impacts on soybean growth and productivity. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria have been used as an eco-friendly approach for augmenting crop growth and stress resistance. The current study investigated the efficacy of Serratia liquefaciens ZM6 strain in enhancing soybean resistance to lead (Pb) stress and bacterial blight. Two pot experiments were performed. In the first pot experiment, soybean plants were inoculated with S. liquefaciens ZM6 and grown under variable Pb stress levels (0, 200 and 400 µM of Pb(NO3)2). In the second experiment, S. liquefaciens-inoculated soybean plants were infected with P. savastanoi pv. glycinea, and disease severity was assessed two weeks post infection. The results revealed that S. liquefaciens strain resisted Pb stress up to 400 µM Pb(NO3)2 and exhibited the highest levels of solubilized phosphate, solubilized zinc, siderophore, indole acetic acid, exopolysaccharide, trehalose and antioxidant enzymes at 400 µM Pb compared to the other treatments. Moreover, Pb stress (200 and 400 µM) significantly decreased the growth, yield, nutrient uptake, gas exchange, and contents of chlorophyll, soluble proteins, sugars, and phenolics of soybean plants. Pb stress also induced the levels of proline, glycine betaine, Pb, oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes, ascorbate, glutathione and expression of stress-responsive genes (CAT, APX, POD, Fe-SOD, CHS7, CHI1A, PAL, IFS2, P5CS and WRKY54) in soybean plants. On the other hand, S. liquefaciens application markedly boosted the growth, yield and levels of nutrients, gas-exchange, chlorophyll, osmolytes, antioxidant enzymes and expression of stress-tolerant genes of Pb-stressed soybean plants. The bacterial inoculation significantly diminished oxidative stress indicators and Pb content in stressed plants. Inoculation of soybean plants with S. liquefaciens also caused significant reductions in blight disease symptoms in P. savastanoi pv. glycinea-infected plants, indicating the efficiency of this strain in controlling harmful blight disease. Overall, this study demonstrated S. liquefaciens ZM6 effectiveness in enhancing soybean resistance to Pb stress and bacterial blight.
铅毒性和由 Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. glycinea 引起的细菌性枯萎病对大豆的生长和产量具有破坏性影响。植物生长促进根瘤菌已被用作提高作物生长和抗逆性的生态友好型方法。本研究调查了 Serratia liquefaciens ZM6 菌株在增强大豆对铅（Pb）胁迫和细菌性枯萎病的抗性方面的功效。研究进行了两次盆栽实验。在第一个盆栽实验中，大豆植株接种了 S. liquefaciens ZM6，并在不同的铅胁迫水平（0、200 和 400 µM 的 Pb(NO3)2）下生长。在第二个实验中，接种了 S. liquefaciens 的大豆植株感染了 P. savastanoi pv. glycinea，并在感染两周后评估了病害严重程度。结果表明，与其他处理相比，S. liquefaciens 菌株能抵抗高达 400 µM Pb(NO3)2 的铅胁迫，并在 400 µM Pb 时表现出最高水平的溶解磷酸盐、溶解锌、苷元、吲哚乙酸、外多糖、三卤糖和抗氧化酶。此外，铅胁迫（200 和 400 µM）显著降低了大豆植株的生长、产量、养分吸收、气体交换以及叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质、糖和酚的含量。铅胁迫还诱导大豆植株中脯氨酸、甘氨酸甜菜碱、铅、氧化胁迫标记物、抗氧化酶、抗坏血酸、谷胱甘肽的水平以及胁迫响应基因（CAT、APX、POD、Fe-SOD、CHS7、CHI1A、PAL、IFS2、P5CS 和 WRKY54）的表达。另一方面，液化大豆酵母菌的应用明显促进了铅胁迫大豆植株的生长、产量和养分、气体交换、叶绿素、渗透溶质、抗氧化酶水平以及抗胁迫基因的表达。接种细菌后，受胁迫植物体内的氧化胁迫指标和铅含量明显降低。给大豆植株接种 S. liquefaciens 还能显著减轻 P. savastanoi pv. glycinea 感染植株的枯萎病症状，这表明该菌株能有效控制有害的枯萎病。总之，这项研究证明了 S. liquefaciens ZM6 在增强大豆对铅胁迫和细菌性枯萎病的抗性方面的有效性。
{"title":"Multi-functional PGPR Serratia liquefaciens confers enhanced resistance to lead stress and bacterial blight in soybean (Glycine max L.)","authors":"Mohamed A. El-Esawi , Hayssam M. Ali , Ashraf Atef Hatamleh , Munirah Abdullah Al-Dosary , Enas M. El-Ballat","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lead toxicity and bacterial blight disease caused by <em>Pseudomonas savastanoi</em> pv. <em>glycinea</em> have destructive impacts on soybean growth and productivity. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria have been used as an eco-friendly approach for augmenting crop growth and stress resistance. The current study investigated the efficacy of <em>Serratia liquefaciens</em> ZM6 strain in enhancing soybean resistance to lead (Pb) stress and bacterial blight. Two pot experiments were performed. In the first pot experiment, soybean plants were inoculated with <em>S. liquefaciens</em> ZM6 and grown under variable Pb stress levels (0, 200 and 400 µM of Pb(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>). In the second experiment, <em>S. liquefaciens</em>-inoculated soybean plants were infected with <em>P. savastanoi</em> pv. <em>glycinea</em>, and disease severity was assessed two weeks post infection. The results revealed that <em>S. liquefaciens</em> strain resisted Pb stress up to 400 µM Pb(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> and exhibited the highest levels of solubilized phosphate, solubilized zinc, siderophore, indole acetic acid, exopolysaccharide, trehalose and antioxidant enzymes at 400 µM Pb compared to the other treatments. Moreover, Pb stress (200 and 400 µM) significantly decreased the growth, yield, nutrient uptake, gas exchange, and contents of chlorophyll, soluble proteins, sugars, and phenolics of soybean plants. Pb stress also induced the levels of proline, glycine betaine, Pb, oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes, ascorbate, glutathione and expression of stress-responsive genes (<em>CAT</em>, <em>APX</em>, <em>POD</em>, <em>Fe-SOD</em>, <em>CHS7, CHI1A, PAL, IFS2, P5CS</em> and <em>WRKY54</em>) in soybean plants. On the other hand, <em>S. liquefaciens</em> application markedly boosted the growth, yield and levels of nutrients, gas-exchange, chlorophyll, osmolytes, antioxidant enzymes and expression of stress-tolerant genes of Pb-stressed soybean plants. The bacterial inoculation significantly diminished oxidative stress indicators and Pb content in stressed plants. Inoculation of soybean plants with <em>S. liquefaciens</em> also caused significant reductions in blight disease symptoms in <em>P. savastanoi</em> pv. <em>glycinea</em>-infected plants, indicating the efficiency of this strain in controlling harmful blight disease. Overall, this study demonstrated <em>S. liquefaciens</em> ZM6 effectiveness in enhancing soybean resistance to Pb stress and bacterial blight.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100403"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100396
John Gray , Yi-Hsuan Chu , Ankita Abnave , Fabio Gomez Cano , Yun Sun Lee , Sarah Percival , Nan Jiang , Erich Grotewold
Grass species, which include the major cereal crops maize, wheat, rice, and sugarcane, are an integral part of our global agriculture and source of food and energy for a growing world population. GRASSIUS was established as a knowledgebase for transcription factors (TFs) and coregulators (CoRegs) in maize and several other species in the grass family. TFs are a primary component of the gene regulatory networks (GRNs) and the underlying gene regulatory grids (GRGs) that govern all aspects of plant growth and metabolism. GRASSIUS is the source for all information pertaining to the maize TFome collection, which serves as a powerful resource for the discovery of GRNs in maize and other cereals [1,2]. Here we describe the release of the GRASSIUS 2.0 knowledgebase (www.grassius.org) with updated data, query, and tool features, as well as the ability to expand to accommodate future datasets. The membership and annotation of all TF and CoReg families has been updated and revised to include gene models from v3, v4, and v5, of the maize B73 genome and recent genome versions of rice, sorghum, Brachypodium, and sugarcane. A translation tool enables cross referencing of Gene IDs between versions of the maize genome. Protein-DNA interactions (PDIs) have been added incorporating results derived from various gene- and TF-centered PDI discovery tools and visualized through a new web-based interface. A filtering tools permits the selection and visualization of PDIs within a ± 2 kb distance from the transcriptional start site (TSS) of a gene of interest. A new BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) tool facilitates searching of the maize TFome as well as v3, v4, and v5 TF gene model sets. Lastly, we describe the methodology used to implement GRASSIUS 2.0 which can guide others in developing and updating similar plant gene regulatory knowledgebases.
{"title":"GRASSIUS 2.0: A gene regulatory information knowledgebase for maize and other grasses","authors":"John Gray , Yi-Hsuan Chu , Ankita Abnave , Fabio Gomez Cano , Yun Sun Lee , Sarah Percival , Nan Jiang , Erich Grotewold","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grass species, which include the major cereal crops maize, wheat, rice, and sugarcane, are an integral part of our global agriculture and source of food and energy for a growing world population. GRASSIUS was established as a knowledgebase for transcription factors (TFs) and coregulators (CoRegs) in maize and several other species in the grass family. TFs are a primary component of the gene regulatory networks (GRNs) and the underlying gene regulatory grids (GRGs) that govern all aspects of plant growth and metabolism. GRASSIUS is the source for all information pertaining to the maize TFome collection, which serves as a powerful resource for the discovery of GRNs in maize and other cereals [1,2]. Here we describe the release of the GRASSIUS 2.0 knowledgebase (<span><span>www.grassius.org</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>) with updated data, query, and tool features, as well as the ability to expand to accommodate future datasets. The membership and annotation of all TF and CoReg families has been updated and revised to include gene models from v3, v4, and v5, of the maize B73 genome and recent genome versions of rice, sorghum, <em>Brachypodium</em>, and sugarcane. A translation tool enables cross referencing of Gene IDs between versions of the maize genome. Protein-DNA interactions (PDIs) have been added incorporating results derived from various gene- and TF-centered PDI discovery tools and visualized through a new web-based interface. A filtering tools permits the selection and visualization of PDIs within a ± 2 kb distance from the transcriptional start site (TSS) of a gene of interest. A new BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) tool facilitates searching of the maize TFome as well as v3, v4, and v5 TF gene model sets. Lastly, we describe the methodology used to implement GRASSIUS 2.0 which can guide others in developing and updating similar plant gene regulatory knowledgebases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100396"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100398
Mxolisi P. Voko , Adeyemi O. Aremu , Nokwanda P. Makunga , Jaroslav Nisler , Karel Doležal , Nqobile A. Masondo
Cytokinins (CKs) are important phytohormones which are used by plants to optimize responses against abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, temperature and nutrient stresses known to repress germination, and influencing general plant growth and development. Such stresses often trigger phenotypic plasticity and lead to low yields. Yet, the beneficial effect of CKs is counteracted by cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKO/CKX, EC 1.5.99.12) enzymes and by N- and/or O-glycosylation. Additionally, research on CKs and CKX is often limited to model plants studied in isolation, and sparsely covers non-model plants exposed to abiotic stresses. Thus, this review explored the role of CKs and CKX inhibitors in mitigating abiotic stresses in model and non-model plants. We also examined possible crosstalk mechanisms of CKs with auxins, polyamines, and other major phytohormones. A detailed literature search was conducted using several databases including Web of Science, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and PubMed. Upon perception of environmental stimuli, CKs [e.g., N6-(Δ2isopent-2-enyl)adenine (iP), trans-zeatin (tZ) and cis-zeatin (cZ)] induce abiotic stress tolerance in a CK - dependent manner or by forming intermolecular pathways with abscisic acid, ethylene, auxins and polyamines. Regulatory motifs of type-B ARRs code for transcriptional responses via DNA-binding. Inhibitors of CKX (e.g., 3TFM-2HE, INCYDE, F-INCYDE and anisiflupurin) act as promoters of growth and stress-tolerance through the inhibition of catabolic CKXs and regulate an increase in endogenous CKs (e.g., iP, tZ and cZ) in plants. The ability of CKX inhibitors to intercept CKX gene regulation is an indication of their potential applications in agriculture and other industries that rely on plant-based products.
{"title":"The potential applications of cytokinins and cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase inhibitors for mitigating abiotic stresses in model and non-model plant species","authors":"Mxolisi P. Voko , Adeyemi O. Aremu , Nokwanda P. Makunga , Jaroslav Nisler , Karel Doležal , Nqobile A. Masondo","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cytokinins (CKs) are important phytohormones which are used by plants to optimize responses against abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, temperature and nutrient stresses known to repress germination, and influencing general plant growth and development. Such stresses often trigger phenotypic plasticity and lead to low yields. Yet, the beneficial effect of CKs is counteracted by cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKO/CKX, EC 1.5.99.12) enzymes and by <em>N</em>- and/or <em>O</em>-glycosylation. Additionally, research on CKs and CKX is often limited to model plants studied in isolation, and sparsely covers non-model plants exposed to abiotic stresses. Thus, this review explored the role of CKs and CKX inhibitors in mitigating abiotic stresses in model and non-model plants. We also examined possible crosstalk mechanisms of CKs with auxins, polyamines, and other major phytohormones. A detailed literature search was conducted using several databases including Web of Science, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and PubMed. Upon perception of environmental stimuli, CKs [e.g., <em>N</em><sup>6</sup>-(Δ<sup>2</sup>isopent-2-enyl)adenine (iP), <em>trans</em>-zeatin (<em>t</em>Z) and <em>cis</em>-zeatin (<em>c</em>Z)] induce abiotic stress tolerance in a CK - dependent manner or by forming intermolecular pathways with abscisic acid, ethylene, auxins and polyamines. Regulatory motifs of type-B ARRs code for transcriptional responses via DNA-binding. Inhibitors of CKX (e.g., 3TFM-2HE, INCYDE, F-INCYDE and anisiflupurin) act as promoters of growth and stress-tolerance through the inhibition of catabolic CKXs and regulate an increase in endogenous CKs (e.g., iP, <em>t</em>Z and <em>c</em>Z) in plants. The ability of CKX inhibitors to intercept CKX gene regulation is an indication of their potential applications in agriculture and other industries that rely on plant-based products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100398"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100401
Bhagwat Nawade , Sang-Ho Chu , Sunhee Kim , Chang-Yong Lee , Jinsong Bao , Yong-Jin Park
Multiparental mapping populations hold great potential for dissecting quantitative traits and rapidly identifying genetic determinants. We developed a japonica nested association mapping population, KNU_NAM, comprising 880 lines derived from ten recombinant inbred lines (RILs) families of prominent varieties and the elite Korean variety Shindongjin. Genetic characterization of KNU_NAM revealed 48,159 polymorphic SNPs, with family counts ranging from 18,787 to 42,578 and an average of 30,019 SNPs per family. Further molecular diversity analysis of KNU_NAM indicated reduced population structure and broad genetic diversity. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on five morphological traits identified 47 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs), with a set of 18 MTAs located on chromosome 9. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) block analysis of this region revealed 15 haplotypes and identified five key genes associated with panicle architecture: OsDEP1, OsEATB, OsLGD1, and OsSPL18. Additionally, two non-synonymous MTAs on chromosome 7 were located on the exon of OsPRR37/Ghd7.1, a gene associated with plant height, heading date, and grain number per panicle. Further phenotypic performance analysis of haplotypes from these hotspot regions revealed significant differences in the targeted traits. The study validates the potential of KNU_NAM and GWAS for high-resolution genetic mapping in rice breeding programs, highlighting the utility of these populations for enhancing genetic diversity and improving trait selection in rice.
{"title":"Nested association mapping population in japonica rice: Development, characterization, and application in genome-wide association studies","authors":"Bhagwat Nawade , Sang-Ho Chu , Sunhee Kim , Chang-Yong Lee , Jinsong Bao , Yong-Jin Park","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiparental mapping populations hold great potential for dissecting quantitative traits and rapidly identifying genetic determinants. We developed a <em>japonica</em> nested association mapping population, KNU_NAM, comprising 880 lines derived from ten recombinant inbred lines (RILs) families of prominent varieties and the elite Korean variety Shindongjin. Genetic characterization of KNU_NAM revealed 48,159 polymorphic SNPs, with family counts ranging from 18,787 to 42,578 and an average of 30,019 SNPs per family. Further molecular diversity analysis of KNU_NAM indicated reduced population structure and broad genetic diversity. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on five morphological traits identified 47 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs), with a set of 18 MTAs located on chromosome 9. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) block analysis of this region revealed 15 haplotypes and identified five key genes associated with panicle architecture: <em>OsDEP1</em>, <em>OsEATB</em>, <em>OsLGD1</em>, and <em>OsSPL18</em>. Additionally, two non-synonymous MTAs on chromosome 7 were located on the exon of <em>OsPRR37/Ghd7.1</em>, a gene associated with plant height, heading date, and grain number per panicle. Further phenotypic performance analysis of haplotypes from these hotspot regions revealed significant differences in the targeted traits. The study validates the potential of KNU_NAM and GWAS for high-resolution genetic mapping in rice breeding programs, highlighting the utility of these populations for enhancing genetic diversity and improving trait selection in rice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100401"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100400
Mohammad Abdul Latif , Sheikh Arafat Islam Nihad, Rakibul Hasan, Lutfur Rahman, Touhidur Rahman Anik, Amal Chandra Manidas, Mamunur Rashid, Mohammad Ashik Iqbal Khan, Rejwan Bhuiyan
Blast and bacterial blight (BB) are the two major rice diseases in the world including Bangladesh. In this study, BB resistance genes (Xa21 and xa13) and blast resistance (Pi9 and Pb1) genes were pyramided into a mega variety, BRRI dhan29 through marker-assisted backcross breeding. IRBB58 was used as a BB-resistant donor and Pi9-US2, and Pb1-US2 were used as blast-resistant donors. Backcross was done between BRRI dhan29 and donor parents to develop BC3F1 population and then selfing was done to develop BC3F6 population. BC3F2 population was genotyped and phenotyped for segregation analysis and BC3F6 was evaluated for genotyping, phenotyping and morphological traits and yields. Chi-square analysis of BC3F2 data revealed that blast and BB resistance followed the single gene mendelian fashion (1:2:1 and 3:1). Two to four gene combinations were found in the advanced lines of the BC3F6 population. The yield of the advanced lines ranged from 6.42 (t ha−1) to 9.5 (t ha−1) and they showed resistant against blast and BB with mean disease scores ranging from 0.67 to 2.33 and 0.33–2.33, respectively. Finally, eight lines having four genes (xa13, Xa21, Pi9 and Pb1) were selected for multilocational (five locations) trials for yield performance and disease reaction. Mean yield data of eight advanced lines of all locations were varied from 6.48±0.15–8.38±0.11 t ha−1 and all the lines showed resistant reactions against blast (score 0.53–1) and BB (score 0.6–0.87) disease. The highest yield was found in BR (Path) 13800-BC3–224–12 (G28, 8.38±0.11 t ha−1) followed by BR (Path) 13800-BC3–134–252 (G26, 8.28±0.08 t ha−1) and BR (Path) 13800-BC3–136–115 (G12, 8.24±0.07 t ha−1). Pyramided advanced lines of this study could be released as BB and blast-resistant varieties or could be utilized as donor parents in resistant breeding.
{"title":"Pyramiding of multiple resistant genes of blast and bacterial blight diseases in the background of rice (Oryza sativa) mega variety BRRI dhan29","authors":"Mohammad Abdul Latif , Sheikh Arafat Islam Nihad, Rakibul Hasan, Lutfur Rahman, Touhidur Rahman Anik, Amal Chandra Manidas, Mamunur Rashid, Mohammad Ashik Iqbal Khan, Rejwan Bhuiyan","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Blast and bacterial blight (BB) are the two major rice diseases in the world including Bangladesh. In this study, BB resistance genes (<em>Xa21</em> and <em>xa13</em>) and blast resistance (<em>Pi9</em> and <em>Pb1</em>) genes were pyramided into a mega variety, BRRI dhan29 through marker-assisted backcross breeding. IRBB58 was used as a BB-resistant donor and Pi9-US2, and Pb1-US2 were used as blast-resistant donors. Backcross was done between BRRI dhan29 and donor parents to develop BC<sub>3</sub>F<sub>1</sub> population and then selfing was done to develop BC<sub>3</sub>F<sub>6</sub> population. BC<sub>3</sub>F<sub>2</sub> population was genotyped and phenotyped for segregation analysis and BC<sub>3</sub>F<sub>6</sub> was evaluated for genotyping, phenotyping and morphological traits and yields. Chi-square analysis of BC<sub>3</sub>F<sub>2</sub> data revealed that blast and BB resistance followed the single gene mendelian fashion (1:2:1 and 3:1). Two to four gene combinations were found in the advanced lines of the BC<sub>3</sub>F<sub>6</sub> population. The yield of the advanced lines ranged from 6.42 (t ha<sup>−1</sup>) to 9.5 (t ha<sup>−1</sup>) and they showed resistant against blast and BB with mean disease scores ranging from 0.67 to 2.33 and 0.33–2.33, respectively. Finally, eight lines having four genes (<em>xa13, Xa21, Pi9</em> and <em>Pb1</em>) were selected for multilocational (five locations) trials for yield performance and disease reaction. Mean yield data of eight advanced lines of all locations were varied from 6.48±0.15–8.38±0.11 t ha<sup>−1</sup> and all the lines showed resistant reactions against blast (score 0.53–1) and BB (score 0.6–0.87) disease. The highest yield was found in BR (Path) 13800-BC3–224–12 (G28, 8.38±0.11 t ha<sup>−1</sup>) followed by BR (Path) 13800-BC3–134–252 (G26, 8.28±0.08 t ha<sup>−1</sup>) and BR (Path) 13800-BC3–136–115 (G12, 8.24±0.07 t ha<sup>−1</sup>). Pyramided advanced lines of this study could be released as BB and blast-resistant varieties or could be utilized as donor parents in resistant breeding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100400"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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