Current Plant Biology最新文献_第2页

Ca2+ and ROS signalling exhibit divergent root-specific dynamics in Arabidopsis responses to abiotic stress and PAMPs Ca2+和ROS信号在拟南芥对非生物胁迫和PAMPs的响应中表现出不同的根特异性动态

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100571

Claudia Allan , Evelyne Maes , Ancy Thomas , Charles Hefer , Wenting Liu , Liadan Dickie , Volker Nock , Claudia-Nicole Meisrimler

Plant resilience relies on detecting and responding to osmotic stress and pathogens. Calcium (Ca²⁺) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) are key signalling molecules in plant stress, yet their interplay with protein modifications remains unclear. This study utilises a label-free quantitative proteomic approach to elucidate proteins involved in early signalling events in Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) roots exposed to osmotic stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity by flagellin 22 (flg22). We identified over 300 phosphoproteins that changed in abundance within five minutes of stress exposure, including 153 phosphorylation and 49 methionine oxidations. Key signalling proteins included the mechanosensitive Ca²⁺ channel MSL9, which may interact with kinases (CPK8), actins (ACT2, ACT7), and antioxidant enzymes (APX1–3, CAT1–3) to coordinate Ca²⁺ influx and ROS regulation during early stress responses. Using the bi-directional dual-flowRootChip (bi-dfRC) we tested the effect of solute gradients of PEG, NaCl, flg22, Pep-13 and H₂O₂ on early systemic signallling response of Ca²⁺ and H₂O₂. Our results demonstrated directional Ca²⁺ signals that propagated through stele tissues, with varying speeds depending on the stressor. In contrast, symplastic H₂O₂ accumulation displayed distinct patterns from the observed Ca²⁺ signals. This study integrated stress-specific Ca²⁺ and symplastic H₂O₂ signalling data with protein interaction networks, linking oxidative modifications induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) with Ca²⁺ influx to provide insights into early molecular signalling events in Arabidopsis roots during PAMP-triggered immunity and abiotic stress.

植物的抗逆性依赖于对渗透胁迫和病原体的检测和反应。钙（Ca2+）和过氧化氢（H2O2）是植物逆境中的关键信号分子，但它们与蛋白质修饰的相互作用尚不清楚。本研究利用无标记定量蛋白质组学方法来阐明暴露于聚乙二醇（PEG）和病原体相关分子模式（PAMP）触发的鞭毛蛋白22 （flg22）免疫诱导的渗透胁迫下拟南芥（a . thaliana）根中参与早期信号事件的蛋白质。我们发现超过300个磷酸化蛋白在应激暴露5分钟内丰度发生变化，包括153个磷酸化和49个蛋氨酸氧化。关键的信号蛋白包括机械敏感的Ca2+通道MSL9，它可能与激酶（CPK8）、肌动蛋白（ACT2、ACT7）和抗氧化酶（APX1-3、CAT1-3）相互作用，在早期应激反应中协调Ca2+内流和ROS调节。利用双向双流rootchip （bi-dfRC）检测了PEG、NaCl、flg22、Pep-13和H2O2的溶质梯度对Ca2+和H2O2早期系统信号响应的影响。我们的研究结果表明，定向Ca2+信号通过骨组织传播，以不同的速度取决于压力源。相比之下，共塑H2O2积累表现出与Ca2+信号不同的模式。本研究将应激特异性Ca2+和共质体H2O2信号数据与蛋白质相互作用网络相结合，将活性氧（ROS）诱导的氧化修饰与Ca2+内流联系起来，以深入了解在pamp触发的免疫和非生物胁迫下拟南芥根系的早期分子信号事件。

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引用次数: 0

High-throughput yeast screening and transcriptomic integration identify salt-tolerance genes in Spartina alterniflora 高通量酵母筛选和转录组整合鉴定互花米草耐盐基因

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100564

Jiahui Geng , Shoukun Chen , Qin Shu , Yuanyuan Jiang , Shuqiang Gao , Chun-Ming Liu , Shihua Chen , Huihui Li

Identifying genes that confer salt tolerance is essential for understanding the mechanisms underpinning salt tolerance in plants. Spartina alterniflora, a halophyte with exceptional salt and flooding tolerance and strong reproduction and dispersal capabilities, presents valuable potential for crop improvement and stress tolerance research. Here, we constructed a stress-induced yeast cDNA library and employed high-throughput screening under salt stress to identify 1279 distinct genes. Gene ontology analysis revealed significant enrichment in transcription-related complexes, and these genes were predominantly enriched in categories related to salt stress responses. Transcriptome analysis identified 12,669 differentially expressed genes, and these genes were predominantly enriched in categories related to salt stress responses. By integrating transcriptome data across varying NaCl concentrations with knowledge of the S. alterniflora genome, we screened and identified two key genes: SA_26G130100.m1, encoding a Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) protein, and SA_04G199900.m1, a novel protein with unknown function. Both genes exhibited significant expression changes under salt stress. Structural predictions revealed that the MATE transporter SA_26G130100.m1 possesses a compact substrate-binding cavity with unique residue composition, suggesting an evolutionary adaptation for efficient ion transport under salinity. Additionally, a genome-wide analysis of the S. alterniflora gene family encoding MATEs revealed that most members are root-expressed and salt-induced, implying a possible role in mitigating the effects of salt stress. This study provides a robust, highly efficient platform for the large-scale screening and identification of S. alterniflora genes conferring abiotic stress tolerance and offers a valuable genetic resource for advancing salt tolerance breeding programs.

确定赋予耐盐性的基因对于理解植物耐盐机制至关重要。互花米草是一种盐生植物，具有极强的耐盐和耐涝能力，繁殖和传播能力强，在作物改良和抗逆性研究中具有宝贵的潜力。本研究构建了胁迫诱导酵母cDNA文库，并在盐胁迫下进行高通量筛选，鉴定出1279个不同基因。基因本体分析显示转录相关复合物显著富集，这些基因主要富集在盐胁迫响应相关的类别中。转录组分析鉴定出12669个差异表达基因，这些基因主要富集在与盐胁迫反应相关的类别中。通过整合不同NaCl浓度下的转录组数据和互花草基因组知识，我们筛选并鉴定了两个关键基因：SA_26G130100。m1编码一种多药毒性化合物挤出（MATE）蛋白，以及SA_04G199900。M1，一种功能未知的新蛋白。这两个基因在盐胁迫下均表现出显著的表达变化。结构预测显示MATE转运子SA_26G130100。M1具有紧凑的底物结合腔，具有独特的残基组成，表明其在盐度下具有高效离子传输的进化适应性。此外，互花葡萄编码MATEs的基因家族的全基因组分析显示，大多数成员是根表达和盐诱导的，这意味着可能在减轻盐胁迫的影响中起作用。本研究为互花草非生物耐盐基因的大规模筛选和鉴定提供了一个强大、高效的平台，并为推进互花草耐盐育种提供了宝贵的遗传资源。

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引用次数: 0

Viral expression vectors differentially impact gain-of-function analyses in model and non-model plants 病毒表达载体对模型植物和非模型植物的功能增益分析影响不同

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100569

Róisín C. McGarry, Brian G. Ayre

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is the world’s most important fiber crop. However, cotton’s recalcitrance to standard genetic technologies and long life cycle challenge functional analysis and limit mechanisms for genetic improvement. Plant viruses are powerful tools for genetic analyses, and their applications provided new insights into cotton biology. Virus-induced gene silencing with the cloned Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) supports transient loss-of-function analyses while the geminivirus Cotton leaf crumple virus (CLCrV) is used for gain and loss of function in cotton. Both viruses have limitations and finding ways to combine the attributes of each is highly desired. TRV gain-of-function vectors were constructed and rigorously tested in Nicotiana benthamiana and cotton. Systemic delivery of transgenes, including signals impacting meristem fate, from the TRV gain-of-function virus was compared with CLCrV in cotton. We demonstrate that although gene delivery was strong in N. benthamiana, TRV gain-of-function vectors were less effective in cotton and did not advance systemic transgene expression. In contrast, gain of function from CLCrV was consistently demonstrated in systemic cotton tissues. These findings are valuable in considering applications for transient expression and the translation of tools from model to non-model plants.

棉花（棉）是世界上最重要的纤维作物。然而，棉花对标准基因技术的抗拒和长生命周期挑战了功能分析和遗传改良的限制机制。植物病毒是基因分析的有力工具，它们的应用为棉花生物学提供了新的见解。病毒诱导的烟草摇铃病毒（TRV）基因沉默支持短暂功能丧失分析，而双病毒棉花叶片皱缩病毒（CLCrV）用于棉花功能的获得和丧失。这两种病毒都有局限性，我们非常希望找到一种方法来结合它们的特性。构建了TRV功能获得载体，并在烟叶和棉花中进行了严格的测试。比较了TRV功能获得病毒与CLCrV在棉花中的系统传递转基因，包括影响分生组织命运的信号。研究表明，虽然在benthamiana中基因传递很强，但TRV功能获得载体在棉花中效果较差，并且不能促进系统的转基因表达。相比之下，从CLCrV中获得的功能在系统性棉花组织中得到了一致的证明。这些发现对于考虑瞬时表达的应用和从模型植物到非模式植物的工具翻译是有价值的。

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引用次数: 0

Genomic loci for priming-induced powdery mildew resistance and plant biomass in wheat 小麦抗白粉病基因位点与植株生物量的关系

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100568

Jennifer Thielmann , Behnaz Soleimani , Andrea Matros , Adam Schikora , Patrick Schäfer , Karl-Heinz Kogel , Gwendolin Wehner

Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), the causal agent of powdery mildew in wheat, poses a serious threat to yield stability. Although several resistance genes have been identified, many became ineffective due to pathogen adaptation. Priming, a biological process that enhances the defense capacity of plants, has emerged as a promising plant protection strategy. The root-endophytic fungus Serendipita indica is known to induce priming in various host plants. In this study, we investigated S. indica-mediated resistance to Bgt across a genetically diverse panel of 175 winter wheat genotypes. Disease severity was quantified and nine genotypes exhibited significant (p < 0.05) differences in Bgt susceptibility following S. indica treatment. Six genotypes showed reduced, three increased levels of infection. Additionally, shoot (SFW) and root fresh weight (RFW) measurements revealed genotype-specific growth responses to S. indica. A genome-wide association study identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) significantly associated (LOD ≥ 3) with Bgt resistance, SFW, and RFW under control and primed conditions. Notably, eight QTLs were associated with SFW, two with RFW, and fifteen with Bgt resistance in primed plants, with multiple loci mapped to chromosome 7 A. Across all QTLs, 30 candidate genes were identified, including those involved in resistance pathways such as Flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase, Chaperone protein DnaJ, and Glutathione S-transferase. These findings indicate genetic variation for priming in wheat. The identified candidate genes provide valuable targets for further investigation into the mechanisms of microbe-induced priming and offer a foundation for breeding for Bgt-resistant, S. indica-responsive wheat cultivars with enhanced resilience to biotic stress.

小麦白粉病（Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, Bgt）是小麦白粉病的病原菌，严重威胁着产量的稳定。虽然已经确定了几种抗性基因，但由于病原体的适应，许多抗性基因变得无效。启动是一种增强植物防御能力的生物过程，已成为一种很有前途的植物保护策略。已知根内生真菌Serendipita indica在多种寄主植物中诱导启动。在这项研究中，我们在175个不同基因型的冬小麦中研究了S. indica介导的对Bgt的抗性。对疾病严重程度进行量化，9个基因型在印度葡萄球菌治疗后对Bgt的敏感性有显著差异（p <； 0.05）。6个基因型显示感染水平降低，3个基因型显示感染水平升高。此外，茎部（SFW）和根鲜重（RFW）测量结果显示了对籼稻的基因型特异性生长反应。一项全基因组关联研究发现，在对照和启动条件下，数量性状位点（qtl）与Bgt抗性、SFW和RFW显著相关（LOD≥3）。值得注意的是，在引物中，8个qtl与SFW相关，2个与RFW相关，15个与Bgt抗性相关，多个位点定位在7号染色体 A上。在所有qtl中，鉴定出30个候选基因，包括与抗性途径相关的基因，如类黄酮3′-羟化酶、伴侣蛋白DnaJ和谷胱甘肽s -转移酶。这些发现表明小麦的启动存在遗传变异。这些候选基因为进一步研究微生物诱导启动机制提供了有价值的靶点，并为选育抗bbt、对籼稻有反应的小麦品种提供了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Unlocking consortium-induced immunity: Pseudomonas and Microbacterium as biocontrol agents against tomato bacterial canker 解锁财团诱导的免疫：假单胞菌和微细菌作为番茄细菌性溃疡病的生物防治剂

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100567

Salma Benchlih , Rachid Lahlali , Dina Agaad , Kamal Aberkani , Essaid Ait Barka , Qassim Esmaeel

Tomato bacterial canker, caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), poses a significant threat to global tomato production. This study evaluated the biocontrol efficacy of bacterial strains isolated from the rhizosphere and tissues of tomato plants. From 100 isolates screened for antagonistic activity against Cmm, nine exhibited promising inhibitory effects, with strains A23 and C6 showing the highest performance. Molecular identification via 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that these isolates belonged to the genera Pseudomonas, Microbacterium, Alcaligenes, Glutacimibacter, and Providencia. Among them, Pseudomonas sp. A23 and Microbacterium sp. C6 were selected for in planta evaluation, both individually and as a consortium. Greenhouse trials showed that A23 and C6 reduced disease incidence by 38.76 % and 58.90 %, respectively, while their co-inoculation achieved a significant reduction of 78.35 %. In addition to disease suppression, treated plants exhibited markedly decreased vascular browning and canker lesion size, along with enhanced vegetative growth, particularly in shoot and root dry weights. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, qRT-PCR analysis was performed. The results showed that plants treated with the consortium exhibited a significant increase in the expression of key defense-related genes, including PR1, PR5, and CHI3, and a decrease in the expression of PR4 and ACO1 genes, indicating that the consortium enhanced the plant’s systemic defense response. Overall, this study highlights the potential of strains A23 and C6 as effective biocontrol agents and biofertilizers. Their combined application offers a promising and sustainable strategy to manage tomato bacterial canker while promoting plant vigor and resilience.

由密歇根克拉维杆菌引起的番茄细菌性溃疡病。马铃薯（Cmm）对全球番茄生产构成重大威胁。本研究评价了从番茄根际和组织中分离的菌株的生物防治效果。筛选的100株菌株中，有9株表现出良好的抑菌效果，其中菌株A23和C6抑菌效果最好。经16S rDNA测序鉴定，分离株属假单胞菌属、微杆菌属、碱性菌属、谷氨酰胺菌属和普罗维登菌属。其中，A23假单胞菌和C6微杆菌分别单独和联合进行植物评价。温室试验表明，A23和C6分别降低了38.76 %和58.90 %的发病率，而它们的共接种达到了78.35 %的显著降低。除抑制病害外，处理植株的维管束褐变和溃疡病大小显著减少，营养生长显著增强，尤其是茎和根的干重。为了阐明潜在的机制，我们进行了qRT-PCR分析。结果表明，经该联合体处理的植株，PR1、PR5和CHI3等关键防御相关基因的表达显著增加，PR4和ACO1基因的表达显著降低，表明联合体增强了植株的系统防御反应。总之，本研究突出了菌株A23和C6作为有效生物防治剂和生物肥料的潜力。它们的联合应用为管理番茄细菌性溃疡病提供了一种有前途和可持续的策略，同时促进了植物的活力和恢复力。

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引用次数: 0

Activity of novel endogenous pararetroviruses and their associations with S. lycopersicum ripening 新型内源性副链病毒的活性及其与番茄葡萄球菌成熟的关系

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100565

Javier Villacreses , Carolina Sanchez-Doñas , Victor Polanco , Nathan R. Johnson , Vinicius Maracaja-Coutinho , Alberto J.M. Martin

Endogenous pararetroviruses (EPRVs), integrated viral elements from the Caulimoviridae family, are increasingly recognized as dynamic regulators of plant development. This study investigates the activity and functional impact of EPRVs on the ripening process of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato). Using genomic and transcriptomic datasets, we identified 16,012 EPRV sequences in the tomato genome via Hidden Markov Models, with 134 sequences showing differential expression during ripening stages. Co-expression analysis revealed 28 EPRVs that are linked with 259 tomato genes, highlighting their possible regulatory roles. These tomato genes participate in pathways associated with ethylene signaling, pigment biosynthesis, and stress responses. The role of EPRV-derived small RNAs (sRNAs) was also explored, identifying these sRNAs as potential mediators of ripening-related gene expression. These findings reveal the regulatory significance of EPRVs in tomato ripening and establish a foundation for leveraging these elements in crop improvement strategies.

内源性副反转录病毒（Endogenous pararetrovirus, EPRVs）是一种整合了Caulimoviridae家族病毒元素的病毒，被越来越多地认为是植物发育的动态调节剂。本研究探讨了EPRVs在番茄成熟过程中的活性及其功能影响。利用基因组和转录组学数据集，通过隐马尔可夫模型在番茄基因组中鉴定出16012个EPRV序列，其中134个序列在成熟阶段表现出差异表达。共表达分析显示，28个eprv与259个番茄基因相关，突出了它们可能的调控作用。这些番茄基因参与与乙烯信号、色素生物合成和胁迫反应相关的途径。研究人员还探索了eprv衍生的小rna （sRNAs）的作用，确定了这些sRNAs是成熟相关基因表达的潜在介质。这些发现揭示了EPRVs在番茄成熟中的调控意义，并为利用这些元素进行作物改良策略奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamics of source-sink relationships in crops under marginal environments 边缘环境下作物源库关系动态

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100563

Irish Lorraine B. Pabuayon , Jessica Joy B. Bicaldo , Zelalem A. Alemar , Isaiah Catalino M. Pabuayon , Glen L. Ritchie

In semi-arid environments, crop production is heavily impacted by drought, salinity, and low nutrient availability. These marginal environmental conditions disrupt photosynthetic efficiency, translocation, and assimilate partitioning, all of which lead to yield reductions. As a result, maximizing crop productivity under marginal environments requires plants to effectively balance assimilate production (source strength) with use or storage (sink strength). Understanding the relative trade-offs between resources devoted to plant sources and sinks is critical to the development of resilient, productive crops. This review synthesizes research identifying physiological, morphological, and developmental traits that improve source and sink strength under stress conditions in semi-arid regions. Key source-related traits include intrinsic water-use efficiency, sustained photosynthetic capacity under stress, the stay-green phenotype, and favorable leaf area and canopy architecture. Sink traits such as stable reproductive organ development, phenotypic plasticity, root-shoot balance, and optimized phenological timing are highlighted as critical to maintaining sink strength under limiting conditions. We also assess the potential of advanced genetic, biotechnological, and "omics" approaches to develop climate-resilient crops, while addressing inherent trade-offs. Finally, we discuss emerging tools and conceptual frameworks that hold promise for improving selection and management of source–sink traits in climate-resilient cropping systems. This review provides a framework for integrating physiological, morphological, and developmental traits into breeding programs aimed at improving source-sink dynamics and advancing sustainable crop production in semi-arid and other marginal environments.

在半干旱环境中，作物生产受到干旱、盐碱和低养分利用率的严重影响。这些边缘环境条件破坏了光合效率、转运和同化物分配，所有这些都导致产量降低。因此，在边际环境下最大化作物生产力需要植物有效地平衡同化生产（源强度）与使用或储存（汇强度）。了解用于植物源和汇的资源之间的相对权衡，对于开发具有抗灾能力的高产作物至关重要。本文综述了半干旱区在逆境条件下提高源汇强度的生理、形态和发育性状的研究进展。与源相关的关键性状包括内在水分利用效率、胁迫下的持续光合能力、保持绿色表型以及有利的叶面积和冠层结构。在有限条件下，稳定的生殖器官发育、表型可塑性、根冠平衡和物候时间优化等汇特性对维持汇强度至关重要。我们还评估了先进的遗传、生物技术和“组学”方法在开发气候适应型作物方面的潜力，同时解决了内在的权衡。最后，我们讨论了新兴的工具和概念框架，这些工具和概念框架有望改善气候适应型种植系统中源库性状的选择和管理。这一综述为将生理、形态和发育性状整合到育种计划中提供了框架，旨在改善源库动态，促进半干旱和其他边缘环境下的作物可持续生产。

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引用次数: 0

A new method for prediction of Vigna mungo millet disease based on deep learning 基于深度学习的谷子病预测新方法

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100562

Raghvendra Kumar , Chandrakanta Mahanty , Bhawani Sankar Panigrahi , S. Gopal Krishna Patro , Tran Manh Tuan , Le Hoang Son

Various viral illnesses impact plant development, causing farmers to lose a lot of revenue. Early diagnosis and prediction of these viral infections can help farmers take preventive measures and mitigate the impacts on crop productivity and quality. As a result, there is a need to develop automated tools for identifying viral infections in crops that analyze symptoms at various parts of the plant. The prediction of Vigna mungo millet disease is critical for food security and agricultural sustainability. In this article, a practical and reproducible pipeline is proposed for the automatic detection of leaf diseases in Vigna mungo, which combines ImageNet-pretrained CNN backbones (GoogleNet, MobileNetV2, Xception) with a lightweight recurrent classifier. Our original contribution is to treat convolutional feature maps as ordered spatial sequences and to use a single-layer LSTM to model spatial dependencies across the leaf surface. This design more effectively captures the diffuse and irregular lesion patterns characteristic of viral infections. To address the modest dataset size (660 images, with 220 images per class), we freeze the backbones, apply augmentation on the fly, and utilize dropout, gradient clipping, and early stopping. The models were evaluated with stratified 5-fold cross-validation and statistical tests. It has been revealed that the Xception with LSTM attained the best mean performance (98.34 % ± 0.34 % across folds; peak 98.48 % on the test split). Vigna mungo/ Black gram plant leaf diseases can significantly reduce crop yields, leading to lower food production and higher food prices. By detecting and identifying these diseases early on, farmers can take appropriate measures to control the spread of the disease and prevent crop losses.

各种病毒性疾病影响植物发育，导致农民损失大量收入。这些病毒感染的早期诊断和预测可以帮助农民采取预防措施，减轻对作物生产力和质量的影响。因此，有必要开发自动化工具来识别作物中的病毒感染，分析植物不同部位的症状。谷子病的预测对粮食安全和农业可持续发展至关重要。本文将imagenet预训练的CNN主干（GoogleNet、MobileNetV2、Xception）与轻量级递归分类器相结合，提出了一种实用且可复制的芒果叶片病害自动检测管道。我们最初的贡献是将卷积特征映射视为有序的空间序列，并使用单层LSTM来模拟叶片表面的空间依赖性。这种设计更有效地捕获病毒感染的弥漫性和不规则病变模式。为了解决适度的数据集大小（660张图像，每个类220张图像），我们冻结了主干，动态应用增强，并利用dropout、梯度裁剪和提前停止。采用分层5重交叉验证和统计检验对模型进行评价。结果表明，使用LSTM的异常处理获得了最佳的平均性能（98.34 %±0.34 %，测试分裂峰值98.48 %）。芒豆/黑克兰植物叶片病害可显著降低作物产量，导致粮食产量下降和粮食价格上涨。通过及早发现和识别这些疾病，农民可以采取适当措施控制疾病的传播，防止作物损失。

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引用次数: 0

Metabolomic profiling provides novel insights into pistil adaptation to heat stress at anthesis in durum wheat lines carrying segmental introgressions from the wild grass Thinopyrum ponticum 代谢组学分析为研究携带野生草细粒小麦片段渗入的硬粒小麦品系在花期对热胁迫的适应性提供了新的见解

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100561

Ljiljana Kuzmanović , Giuseppina Fanelli , Gloria Giovenali , Sara Rinalducci , Carla Ceoloni

Rising global temperature makes sustainable agricultural production increasingly challenging. This is particularly worrying for staple crops like wheat, mainly in regions like the Mediterranean basin where high temperature extremes and heat waves frequently occur. A strategic commodity there at risk is durum wheat (DW), for which development of heat-tolerant varieties represents a key adaptive strategy with potential short-term effects. In contrast with mostly sensitive cultivars, wild relatives are endowed with numerous stress-adaptive and exploitable traits to reinforce the crop resilience. In this frame, three DW-Thinopyrum ponticum near-isogenic recombinant lines (NIRLs+), containing small alien segments on their 7AL arm, were previously subjected to transient heat stress (HS) at anthesis and their physiological and yield-related response compared to that of DW-only sib (NIRLs−) and non-sib control lines. HS at anthesis is known to greatly impair morphology and function of reproductive structures, yet limited knowledge is available on HS-triggered molecular/metabolic mechanisms in wheat floral organs, particularly the female one (pistil), directly involved in seed development and grain yield. Here, untargeted metabolomics was applied to identify pathways/metabolites in pistils sampled from heat-stressed and control plants of the above materials. Differential metabolic avenues were found to be undertaken by NIRLs+ vs. control lines under HS, including tricarboxylic acid cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, purine and pyrimidine, ascorbate and glutathione metabolisms, and specific metabolites (e.g. allantoin) produced, usable as selection biomarkers. The novel insights not only help explain the genotypes’ differential yield formation and stability but are also instrumental to breeding programs in which various effective metabolic strategies could be profitably combined.

全球气温上升使得可持续农业生产越来越具有挑战性。这对小麦等主要作物尤其令人担忧，尤其是在地中海盆地等地区，极端高温和热浪频繁发生。面临风险的战略商品是硬粒小麦（DW），开发耐热品种是具有潜在短期效应的关键适应策略。与大多数敏感品种相比，野生近缘品种具有许多逆境适应和可利用性状，以增强作物的抗逆性。在这个框架中，与dw -sib （NIRLs -）和非sib对照系相比，三个DW-Thinopyrum ponticum近等基因重组系（NIRLs+）在其7AL臂上含有小的外源片段，先前在开花时经受了瞬态热应激（HS），以及它们的生理和产量相关反应。众所周知，花期HS会严重影响生殖结构的形态和功能，但目前对HS在小麦花器官，特别是雌蕊中直接参与种子发育和产量的分子/代谢机制的了解有限。本研究采用非靶向代谢组学方法，从上述材料的热胁迫植物和对照植物中取样雌蕊，鉴定其途径/代谢物。发现NIRLs+ vs具有不同的代谢途径。HS下的控制线，包括三羧酸循环、戊糖磷酸途径、嘌呤和嘧啶、抗坏血酸和谷胱甘肽代谢，以及产生的特定代谢物（如尿囊素），可用作选择生物标志物。这些新发现不仅有助于解释基因型的差异产量形成和稳定性，而且有助于育种计划，其中各种有效的代谢策略可以有效地结合起来。

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引用次数: 0

Multimodal phenotyping reveals structural–physiological coordination mechanisms underlying light-use efficiency in lettuce 多模态表型揭示了生菜光能利用效率的结构生理协调机制

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100560

Xiaoqian Chen , Guanmin Huang , Xiaofen Ge , Anran Song , Guangjie Qiu , Yue Zhao , Xinyu Guo , Wanneng Yang

Improving light-use efficiency (LUE) is essential for boosting crop productivity, particularly in controlled-environment agriculture. Despite recent advances, most studies still rely on destructive measurements or one-dimensional data, which limits insight into the structural–physiological coordination underlying LUE. We established a multimodal phenotyping platform to dissect the phenotypic regulatory network of LUE in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Integrating hyperspectral imaging with multiview three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, we developed a noninvasive, high-throughput system that simultaneously estimates 3D plant architecture, photosynthetic physiology—net photosynthetic rate (A) and relative chlorophyll content (SPAD)—and aboveground biomass (AGB) across 35 cultivars. A modeling pipeline combining StandardScaler (SS) normalization, genetic algorithm (GA) feature selection, and artificial neural networks (ANN) achieved robust prediction of A (R²=0.72), SPAD (R²=0.87), and AGB (R²=0.85). Spectral contribution analysis revealed distinct sensitivities: SPAD across 400–700 nm, A near 430 and 680 nm, and AGB across 500–580 nm. The 426–430 nm blue band emerged as a key region: high-efficiency cultivars showed distinctive reflectance (42.93–59.03 %), consistent with superior photosynthetic performance. Structurally, high-efficiency types exhibited “large-and-loose” canopies, with greater plant height (+64.37 %), projected area (+59.42 %), and convex-hull volume (+166.3 %), alongside reduced compactness (−23.48 %). Network analysis indicated progressively tighter coupling between spectral and structural traits from low- to high-efficiency groups, consistent with adaptive coordination for light capture and use. These results identify actionable phenotypic markers for selecting high-LUE cultivars and provide a transferable platform for phenomics-driven breeding and management in controlled-environment crops.

提高光利用效率（LUE）对于提高作物生产力至关重要，特别是在受控环境农业中。尽管最近取得了进展，但大多数研究仍然依赖于破坏性测量或一维数据，这限制了对LUE背后的结构-生理协调的了解。我们建立了一个多模态表型平台来剖析莴苣（Lactuca sativa L.） LUE的表型调控网络。将高光谱成像与多视角三维（3D）重建相结合，我们开发了一个无创、高通量的系统，可以同时估算35个品种的三维植物结构、光合生理——净光合速率(a)和相对叶绿素含量（SPAD）——以及地上生物量（AGB）。结合StandardScaler （SS）归一化、遗传算法（GA）特征选择和人工神经网络（ANN）的建模流水线实现了对A （R²=0.72）、SPAD （R²=0.87）和AGB （R²=0.85）的鲁棒预测。光谱贡献分析显示了不同的灵敏度：SPAD在400-700 nm范围内，A在430和680 nm范围内，AGB在500-580 nm范围内。426 ~ 430 nm蓝波段是关键区域，高效品种的反射率显著（42.93 ~ 59.03 %），与其优越的光合性能一致。在结构上，高效型树冠“大而松”，株高（+64.37 %）、投影面积（+59.42 %）和凸壳体积（+166.3 %）更大，紧凑度（−23.48 %）更低。网络分析表明，从低效率到高效率的光谱和结构特征之间的耦合逐渐紧密，与光捕获和利用的自适应协调一致。这些结果确定了可操作的表型标记，用于选择高lue品种，并为受控环境作物的表型驱动育种和管理提供了可转移的平台。

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引用次数: 0