Current Plant Biology最新文献_第3页

Identification of gene OsZIPH1 related to rice shattering using Bulk Segregant Analysis 稻谷碎裂相关基因OsZIPH1的本体分离鉴定

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100559

Bing Han , Zichao Zhu , Xiaoding Ma , Ying Xiong , Di Cui , Chutao Wang , Li Chen , Xianyong Li , Longzhi Han

Grain shattering is one of the critical traits in rice, influencing harvesting methods and yield. Seeds from varieties that shatter easily often begin to drop before reaching full maturity. Varieties with difficult-to-thresh or non-threshing characteristics are susceptible to having their branches broken and mixed with straw during mechanical harvesting, leading to relatively severe losses. Therefore, developing rice varieties with a moderate degree of shattering, suitable for production applications, is the primary focus in rice breeding. In this study, the F_2:3 generation population from a cross between the easy-shattering weedy rice variety "H21" and the non-shattering japonica rice variety "Longdao 18" was utilized to investigate shattering resistance through phenotypic identification, Bulk Segregant Analysis (BSA), gene editing, and cytological detection. Gene Os01g0935000, a ZOS1–23 - C2H2 zinc finger protein involved in the regulation of shattering, was preliminarily localized and named OsZIPH1. Mutant phenotype identification showed that the shattering rate of the mutant is 41.98 %, while that of the wild type is 84.33 %, the decrease is 50.2 % compared to the wild type H21. Cytological analysis revealed that mutant spikelets had incomplete abscission layer structures between the lemma and rachis branches, whereas wild-type plants exhibited clearly defined abscission layer structures. The expression level of this gene in the wild type is 2.63 times that in the knockout mutant. Haplotype analysis has revealed that this gene comprises five haplotypes. HAP5 is unique to Oryza rufipogon, while HAP1 is found in nearly all japonica rice varieties. HAP2 is predominantly present in 70 % of indica weedy rice, and HAP3 is primarily associated with 59.37 % of indica improved rice. HAP4 is found in SH and BHA weedy rice, indicating that the shattering gene Os01g0935000 plays a significant role in the domestication process of rice. These findings enhance our understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying rice shattering and are crucial for developing rice varieties with desirable shattering characteristics.

粒裂是水稻的重要性状之一，影响着收获方式和产量。容易破碎的品种的种子通常在完全成熟之前就开始掉落。具有难脱粒或不脱粒特性的品种在机械收获过程中容易发生枝条断裂和秸秆混在一起，造成比较严重的损失。因此，培育适合生产应用的中等破碎度水稻品种是水稻育种的首要重点。本研究利用易碎裂杂草水稻品种“H21”与不碎裂粳稻品种“龙稻18”杂交的F2:3代群体，通过表型鉴定、体分离分析（BSA）、基因编辑和细胞学检测等方法研究其抗碎裂性。初步定位ZOS1-23 - C2H2锌指蛋白参与碎裂调控的基因Os01g0935000，命名为OsZIPH1。突变体表型鉴定表明，该突变体的破碎率为41.98 %，而野生型的破碎率为84.33 %，比野生型H21降低了50.2% %。细胞学分析表明，突变型小穗在外稃和轴枝之间具有不完整的脱落层结构，而野生型小穗具有明确的脱落层结构。该基因在野生型中的表达量是敲除突变体的2.63倍。单倍型分析表明该基因包含5个单倍型。HAP5是Oryza rufipogon所特有的，而HAP1在几乎所有的粳稻品种中都有发现。HAP2基因主要存在于70 %的籼稻中，HAP3基因主要存在于59.37 %的籼稻中。在SH和BHA杂草稻中均发现了HAP4，说明破碎基因Os01g0935000在水稻驯化过程中发挥了重要作用。这些发现增强了我们对水稻落粒生物学机制的理解，对培育具有理想落粒特性的水稻品种具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Determining the genetic basis of hip set in diploid roses 确定二倍体玫瑰髋座的遗传基础

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100558

Zena J. Rawandoozi , Tessa Hochhaus , Maad Y. Rawandoozi , Patricia E. Klein , David H. Byrne , Oscar Riera-Lizarazu

Roses (Rosa spp.) are globally valued for the ornamental, medicinal, culinary, and cosmetic applications of the flowers and hips. Rose hips hold significant economic value; however, the genetic basis of the rose hip set remains unexplored. This research sought to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to hip set and characterize hip set alleles using two multi-parental diploid rose populations evaluated over multiple years. Pedigree-based quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping for rose hips has identified a significant QTL on linkage group (LG) 3, spanning from 23.0 to 34.0 Mbp on the Rosa chinensis genome. This QTL was consistently detected in both populations and various environments, accounting for 18–56 % of phenotypic variation. Additional QTLs with minor effects were detected across all linkage groups except for LG4. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) haplotypes linked to higher or lower hip production were identified, with ‘Old Blush’ and the pollen parent of J14–3 (Texas A&M breeding line) being the sources of Q- and q-alleles, respectively. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of genetic regulation in rose hip set. Additional research is needed to validate these findings. This study lays a foundation for developing tools to enhance rose hip production. It also has broader implications for other Rosaceae crops like blackberries, raspberries, and strawberries, where high fruit set is vital for yield. Validating these markers could improve breeding efficiency across important crops.

玫瑰（Rosa spp.）是全球价值的观赏，药用，烹饪和美容应用的花和臀部。玫瑰果具有重要的经济价值；然而，玫瑰果组的遗传基础仍未被探索。本研究旨在通过对两个多亲本二倍体玫瑰群体进行多年评估，确定与髋部集相关的数量性状位点（qtl），并对髋部集等位基因进行表征。基于家系的玫瑰果数量性状位点（QTL）定位在中国月季基因组的连锁群（LG） 3上发现了一个显著的QTL，全长23.0 ~ 34.0 Mbp。该QTL在两个群体和不同环境中均被一致检测到，占表型变异的18 - 56% %。除LG4外，在所有连锁组中都检测到其他影响较小的qtl。鉴定出与较高或较低髋部产量相关的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）单倍型，其中“Old Blush”和J14-3 （Texas A&；M育种系）的花粉亲本分别是Q-和Q-等位基因的来源。这些发现有助于深入了解玫瑰果的遗传调控。需要进一步的研究来验证这些发现。本研究为开发提高玫瑰果产量的工具奠定了基础。这对其他玫瑰科作物也有更广泛的影响，如黑莓、覆盆子和草莓，这些作物的高坐果对产量至关重要。验证这些标记可以提高重要作物的育种效率。

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引用次数: 0

Application of machine learning models for non-invasive seed quality detection 机器学习模型在无创种子质量检测中的应用

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100557

Adriano Griffo , Francesca Usai , Stefanie Sehmisch , Frédéric Laager , Andreas Börner , Lorenzo Pasotti , Anca Macovei

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in agriculture has revolutionized traditional farming practices, addressing challenges in food security, sustainability, and climate change. In seed science, AI-driven models enhance seed quality assessment, moving beyond conventional time-consuming and invasive methods. This study presents a pipeline that combines deep learning and machine learning approaches to predict legume seed germination potential using heterogeneous features, including color, physical traits, and chemiluminescence data (ultra-weak photon emission and delayed luminescence). A dataset of 1038 seed samples from five legume species was analyzed, aiming at finding the most informative features to discriminate germination potential, and evaluating whether classification performance could reach promising levels. Results demonstrated that machine learning models trained using color and physical features outperform those relying only on chemiluminescence data. Notably, the best-performing model leveraged gradient boosting techniques and reached about 80 % prediction accuracy. Our findings underscore the importance of multimodal approaches in seed quality assessment, highlighting the role of AI in advancing non-invasive agricultural diagnostics. This research contributes to precision agriculture by providing a promising AI-powered framework for seed quality evaluation, based on selected features, which could potentially support enhanced crop yield and sustainability.

人工智能（AI）与农业的融合彻底改变了传统的农业实践，解决了粮食安全、可持续性和气候变化方面的挑战。在种子科学中，人工智能驱动的模型提高了种子质量评估，超越了传统的耗时和侵入性方法。本研究提出了一个结合深度学习和机器学习方法的管道，利用异质特征，包括颜色、物理特征和化学发光数据（超弱光子发射和延迟发光）来预测豆科种子的萌发潜力。通过对5种豆科植物1038个种子样本的数据分析，旨在寻找最具信息量的特征来区分发芽势，并评估分类性能是否达到有希望的水平。结果表明，使用颜色和物理特征训练的机器学习模型优于仅依赖化学发光数据的机器学习模型。值得注意的是，表现最好的模型利用梯度增强技术，达到了大约80% %的预测精度。我们的研究结果强调了多模式方法在种子质量评估中的重要性，强调了人工智能在推进非侵入性农业诊断中的作用。这项研究为精准农业做出了贡献，为种子质量评估提供了一个有前途的人工智能框架，该框架基于选定的特征，可能支持提高作物产量和可持续性。

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引用次数: 0

Transcriptional re-programming of defense responses in Capsicum annuum roots induced by the interaction of the endophyte fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia and the plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita 内生真菌衣孢Pochonia chlamydosporia和植物寄生线虫Meloidogyne incognita相互作用诱导的辣椒根系防御应答转录重编程

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100553

Pasquale Luca Curci , Jia Min Lee , Qiao Wen Tan , Marek Mutwil , Aurelio Ciancio , Isabella Pentimone , Mariella M. Finetti-Sialer

It is currently poorly understood how endophyte colonization and nematode parasitism affect host plants. To address this, we explored the transcriptional responses of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv “Crusco di Senise”) roots colonized by the endophyte and nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia (Pc), either alone or in combination with the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita (RKN). Biometric data from Pc-inoculation revealed significant growth enhancements, including increased leaf number, chlorophyll content, height, and biomass. Transcriptomic analyses highlighted most pronounced gene expression changes at 14 days after inoculation (dai), with activation of plant defense and suppression of energy metabolism processes, indicating a trade-off between growth and defense. Functional over-representation analyses showed that Pc alone suppressed ethylene signaling, hydrolases, proteases, and terpenoid biosynthesis, the latter being induced instead under RKN parasitism. The combined Pc+RKN treatment showed activation of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, secondary metabolism, fungal response, and broad defense mechanisms. Despite Pc influence, gene expression patterns in the Pc+RKN treatment largely reflected RKN-induced responses, suggesting that nematode-induced stress dominates the transcriptional landscape. Nevertheless, Pc modulated specific secondary metabolism pathways and activated key transcription factors which persisted when the nematode was present, involved in keeping defense and growth responses under combined stress. These findings highlight Pc dual role in promoting growth and enhancing resilience against RKN, supporting and integrating its potential as a biocontrol agent. The study also identifies candidate genes that could aid pepper breeding programs aimed at improving resistance to biotic stress, providing deeper insight into the molecular dynamics between beneficial fungi and parasitic nematodes in crop systems.

目前，人们对内生菌定植和线虫寄生如何影响寄主植物知之甚少。为了解决这个问题，我们研究了内生和噬线虫真菌衣孢Pochonia chlamydosporia （Pc）定殖的甜椒（Capsicum annuum L. cv " Crusco di Senise "）根系的转录反应，无论是单独定殖还是与根结线虫Meloidogyne incognita （RKN）联合定殖。接种pc后的生物特征数据显示了显著的生长增强，包括叶片数量、叶绿素含量、高度和生物量的增加。转录组学分析显示，在接种后14天，基因表达发生了最显著的变化，同时激活了植物防御和抑制了能量代谢过程，表明了生长和防御之间的权衡。功能过代表性分析表明，Pc单独抑制乙烯信号、水解酶、蛋白酶和萜类生物合成，后者在RKN寄生下被诱导。Pc+RKN联合处理显示出苯丙类生物合成激活、次生代谢、真菌反应和广泛的防御机制。尽管有Pc的影响，但Pc+RKN处理中的基因表达模式在很大程度上反映了RKN诱导的应答，这表明线虫诱导的应激在转录格局中占主导地位。然而，Pc调节了特定的次级代谢途径，激活了线虫存在时持续存在的关键转录因子，参与了在联合胁迫下保持防御和生长反应。这些发现强调了Pc在促进生长和增强抗RKN能力方面的双重作用，支持并整合了其作为生物防治剂的潜力。该研究还确定了候选基因，这些基因可以帮助辣椒育种计划提高对生物胁迫的抵抗力，为作物系统中有益真菌和寄生线虫之间的分子动力学提供更深入的了解。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of biophysicochemical factors on micropropagation, haploidy and doubled haploidy in strawberry (Fragaria sp.): A critical revisit 生物理化因素对草莓（Fragaria sp.）微繁、单倍体和双倍单倍体的影响

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100555

Ayyagari Ramlal , Pang Wei Quan , Ambika Rajendran , Sreeramanan Subramaniam

Fragaria, commonly known as the strawberry, is one of the most economically important genera of fruit plants. Strawberries have a wide range of health-promoting and nutritious ingredients. They can be found all over the world and appeal to people due to both their flavor and appearance. Strawberries are propagated either by runners or by in vitro methods. Meristems, callus or shoot cultures of strawberries are used for in vitro propagation to increase the production- and cost- efficiency. The interaction of various physical, chemical and biological factors has been shown to have a profound effect on micropropagation. Light is one of the important physical variables that influences the growth and development of plants, especially in plant tissue culture, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs). LED technology has proven to be advantageous for plant production in greenhouses for various purposes, including the induction of photomorphogenic responses of plants grown in vitro. Chemical and biological parameters such as media composition, growth regulators and choice of explants are also critical factors for micropropagation. This review summarizes the effects of biophysical-chemical factors on in vitro propagation as well as the production of haploids and doubled haploids (DHs). The review will also discuss the challenges associated with developing a standardized protocol for mass propagation and the production of haploids and DHs in strawberries, which will eventually help in breeding and crop improvement programs.

草莓属，俗称草莓，是经济上最重要的果树属之一。草莓含有多种促进健康和营养的成分。它们可以在世界各地找到，并且由于它们的味道和外观而吸引人们。草莓可以通过试管繁殖，也可以通过体外繁殖。草莓的分生组织、愈伤组织或芽培养用于离体繁殖，以提高产量和成本效率。各种物理、化学和生物因素的相互作用已被证明对微繁有深远的影响。光是影响植物生长发育的重要物理变量之一，特别是在植物组织培养中，如发光二极管（led）。LED技术已被证明在温室植物生产中具有各种优势，包括诱导植物在体外生长的光形态形成反应。化学和生物参数，如培养基组成，生长调节剂和外植体的选择也是微繁殖的关键因素。本文综述了生物理化因素对单倍体和双单倍体（DHs）体外繁殖及产生的影响。这篇综述还将讨论在草莓的大规模繁殖和单倍体和DHs的生产中制定标准化协议所面临的挑战，这将最终有助于育种和作物改良计划。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated whole genome and transcriptome analysis reveals the molecular mechanisms for enhanced salt tolerance in an introgression line of rice 综合全基因组和转录组分析揭示了水稻耐盐性增强的分子机制

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100556

Chanderkant Chaudhary, Rajat Pruthi, Ravi Kiran Kondi, Prabhat Rana, Prasanta Kumar Subudhi

Soil salinization reduces crop productivity due to elevated osmotic stress, ionic stress, nutritional disorders, and poor physical conditions. This study explored the molecular genetic basis of salt tolerance by jointly analyzing the genetic variants and transcriptome profiles of a seedling stage salt-tolerant rice (Oryza sativa L.) introgression line JN100 (JN) in relation to its recurrent parent Jupiter (JU) and donor Nona Bokra (NB). Four major donor segments were detected in JN on chromosomes 1, 2, and 9. While 4258, 3719, and 4241 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified across all three genotypes under saline conditions, there were only 175 and 300 DEGs between JU and JN under control (C) and salt stress (T), respectively. Integration of transcriptomic and genomic sequence data detected 97, 112, and 121 DEGs in the introgressed regions of JU, JN, and NB, respectively. However, 28, 33, and 38 were unique in all three pairs, and there were only 25 DEGs in JN compared to JU under salinity stress. Among CJU-CJN and TJU-TJN, there were six common DEGs, whereas 19 and 8 DEGs were unique across the TJU-TJN and CJU-CJN pairs, respectively. The DEGs located on the introgressed regions comprise mostly transporters (CHXs, NHXs family) and ion channels, transcription factors (bZIP, NAC, and MYB family), abscisic acid (ABA) response, and calcium-mediated signaling cascade, most likely enhancing salt tolerance in JN. Our results underscore the collective contribution of a diverse array of multiple mechanisms and genes such as OsCHX15, OsNTL3/OsNAC74, OsbZIP71, OsSIT1, OsCCA1, OsABI5, and OsZIFL2, suggesting the pyramiding approach to accomplish a higher level of salt tolerance in rice.

土壤盐碱化由于渗透胁迫、离子胁迫、营养失调和恶劣的物理条件而降低作物生产力。本研究通过分析水稻（Oryza sativa L.）苗期耐盐渗入系JN100 （JN）与其亲本Jupiter （JU）和供体Nona Bokra （NB）的遗传变异和转录组谱，探讨了耐盐的分子遗传基础。在JN染色体1、2和9上检测到四个主要供体片段。在盐胁迫条件下，三种基因型分别鉴定出4258、3719和4241个差异表达基因（deg），而在对照(C)和盐胁迫(T)条件下，JU和JN之间分别鉴定出175和300个差异表达基因（deg）。整合转录组学和基因组序列数据，在JU、JN和NB的渐渗区分别检测到97、112和121个基因。然而，28、33和38在所有三对中都是唯一的，在盐度胁迫下，JN只有25个度，而JU只有25个。在CJU-CJN和TJU-TJN中，共有6个基因序列，而在TJU-TJN和CJU-CJN中分别有19个和8个基因序列是唯一的。位于渗透区的deg主要包括转运蛋白（CHXs， NHXs家族）和离子通道，转录因子（bZIP， NAC和MYB家族），脱落酸（ABA）反应和钙介导的信号级联，最有可能增强JN的耐盐性。我们的研究结果强调了多种机制和基因的共同作用，如OsCHX15、OsNTL3/OsNAC74、OsbZIP71、OsSIT1、OsCCA1、OsABI5和OsZIFL2，表明金字塔化方法可以实现水稻更高水平的耐盐性。

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引用次数: 0

Identification of unknown leaf and stripe rust resistances in adult and seedlings stages of Fe and Zn biofortified spring wheat mutant lines using microscopy, KASP markers and expression dynamics of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins genes 利用显微镜、KASP标记和致病相关（PR）蛋白基因的表达动态，鉴定铁和锌生物强化春小麦突变系成年期和幼苗期的未知叶片和条锈病抗性

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100551

Saule Kenzhebayeva , Saule Atabayeva , Sabina Shoinbekova , Alfia Abekova , Gulina Doktyrbay , Dinara Zharasova , Akmaral Nurmukhanova , Nargul Omirbekova , Aigul Amirova , Sholpan Bastaubaeva , Albrecht Serfling

Wheat fungal diseases, particularly leaf rust (LR) and yellow rust (YR), significantly reduce grain yield and quality worldwide. In this study, newly developed M₇-generation spring wheat mutant lines with the various Fe- and Zn-biofortified properties, derived from cv. Erythrospermum-35 through gamma irradiation (100- and 200-Gy doses) were evaluated for adult plant resistance (APR) and seedling resistance (SR) to race-specific isolates of LR and YR under field and greenhouse conditions, respectively. Thirteen mutant lines exhibiting APR were selected for microscopic SR assessment based on fungal haustorial mother cells (HMCs) development at specific infection time points. All selected mutant lines showed resistance to YR at both developmental stages, and the majority (69.2 %) demonstrated combined APR and SR to LR and YR over extended periods of fungal infection. KASP analysis classified twelve out of thirteen mutant lines (92.3) as carriers of “a” allele of Lr2a and Lr14 genes despite on variations in HMCs development. Among the thirteen mutant lines, eight (69.2 %) displayed a high level of resistance, the remaining four (30.8 %) exhibited disease symptoms, indicating the possible involvement of additional genes in the resistance to LR. The Lr1, Lr9, Lr10, Lr17, and Lr19 were unlikely efficient, all thirteen mutant lines were monomorphic in allele “b”. Notably, significant up regulation of PR2 and PR4 genes in SR mutant lines with higher grain Fe content, indicates a time-dependent expression pattern in response to LR infection. The sequential involvement of chitinase (encoded by PR4) at LR earlier infection stages and b-1,3-glucanases at later stages likely enhances the plant’s defense system, contributing to reinforced resistance against pathogen invasion by LR in the newly developed spring wheat mutant lines exhibiting both APR and SR to LR. The findings suggest that elevated grain Fe content may support a more robust and temporally coordinated defense response in SR lines by modulating PR2 and PR4 gene expression during rust infection. This observed association between Fe levels and PR genes activation underscores the important role of micronutrients in enhancing disease resistance pathways in wheat. These new developed mutant spring wheat lines combining APR and SR to both LR and YR with enhanced Fe and Zn grain biofortification, represent promising genotypes capable of balancing productivity, grain quality, and durable rust resistance.

小麦真菌病害，特别是叶锈病（LR）和黄锈病（YR），在世界范围内显著降低粮食产量和品质。在本研究中，新开发的m7代春小麦突变系具有不同的铁和锌生物强化特性。在田间和温室条件下，通过γ辐射（100 gy和200 gy剂量）评价了红精子-35对LR和YR的成株抗性（APR）和幼苗抗性（SR）。根据真菌吸器母细胞（HMCs）在特定感染时间点的发育情况，选择13个表现出APR的突变系进行显微SR评估。所有选择的突变系在两个发育阶段都表现出对YR的抗性，并且大多数（69.2 %）在真菌感染的较长时间内表现出对LR和YR的综合APR和SR。KASP分析将13个突变系中的12个（92.3个）分类为Lr2a和Lr14基因“a”等位基因的携带者，尽管hmc的发育存在差异。在13个突变系中，8个（69.2 %）表现出高水平的抗性，其余4个（30.8 %）表现出疾病症状，表明可能有其他基因参与了对LR的抗性。Lr1、Lr9、Lr10、Lr17和Lr19的效率不高，13个突变系在等位基因“b”上都是单态的。值得注意的是，铁粒含量较高的SR突变系中，PR2和PR4基因的表达显著上调，表明其对LR感染的响应具有时间依赖性。几丁质酶（PR4编码）和b-1,3-葡聚糖酶的先后参与可能增强了植物的防御系统，从而增强了新开发的春小麦突变系对LR的抵抗能力，这些突变系对LR具有APR和SR。研究结果表明，铁含量的升高可能通过调节PR2和PR4基因在锈病感染期间的表达来支持SR系更强大和暂时协调的防御反应。铁水平与PR基因激活之间的关联表明微量元素在增强小麦抗病途径中的重要作用。这些新开发的春小麦突变系将APR和SR与LR和YR结合起来，并加强铁和锌颗粒生物强化，代表了能够平衡产量、籽粒品质和持久抗锈病能力的有前途的基因型。

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引用次数: 0

Endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis contributes to shape plant immunity: Perspectives from plant and pathogen sides 内质网蛋白静止有助于形成植物免疫：从植物和病原体方面的观点

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100552

Tania Marzari , Emma Poilvert , Cécile Blanchard , Nathalie Leborgne-Castel , Benoit Poinssot , Jean-Luc Cacas , Olivier Lamotte , Mathieu Gayral

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the gate to the secretory pathway for at least one third of the newly synthesized proteins. Its proper function is essential for keeping cellular homeostasis during plant development and responses to environmental cues. Plants have evolved a wide set of cellular and molecular systems that allow to maintain a delicate balance between protein synthesis, folding, and degradation. Among these, ER quality control (ER-QC) plays key roles. However, biotic and abiotic stresses can disrupt this balance, leading to protein homeostasis disturbance and ER stress. This can lead to programmed cell death under acute conditions. To cope with this, plant cells activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore ER and cellular homeostasis. Increasing evidence shows that UPR signaling has a significant impact on plant immunity. This supports the concept of ER stress-mediated immunity (ERSI), in which the UPR drives plant immunity. In contrast, pathogen effectors can manipulate host protein homeostasis to facilitate infection. In addition, recent results reveal that the ER proteostasis of plant-interacting pathogens is involved in pathogenicity. In this review, we discuss the latest findings on ER protein homeostasis, with a particular focus on its interplay with plant immunity. We also explore how pathogens manipulate the ER proteostasis of the host cell and propose a model where both partners exploit each other's ER proteostasis for their own advantage.

内质网（ER）是至少三分之一新合成蛋白质分泌途径的大门。它的正常功能在植物发育和对环境信号的反应中保持细胞稳态是必不可少的。植物已经进化出一套广泛的细胞和分子系统，使蛋白质合成、折叠和降解之间保持微妙的平衡。其中，急诊质量控制（ER- qc）起着关键作用。然而，生物和非生物应激会破坏这种平衡，导致蛋白质稳态紊乱和内质网应激。这在急性情况下可导致程序性细胞死亡。为了应对这种情况，植物细胞激活未折叠蛋白反应（UPR）来恢复内质网和细胞稳态。越来越多的证据表明，UPR信号对植物免疫具有重要影响。这支持内质网应激介导免疫（ERSI）的概念，其中UPR驱动植物免疫。相反，病原体效应物可以操纵宿主蛋白稳态以促进感染。此外，最近的研究结果表明，植物相互作用病原体的内质网蛋白酶抑制参与了致病性。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了内质网蛋白稳态的最新发现，特别关注其与植物免疫的相互作用。我们还探讨了病原体如何操纵宿主细胞的内质网蛋白酶平衡，并提出了一个模型，其中双方利用彼此的内质网蛋白酶平衡为自己的优势。

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引用次数: 0

Developmental regulatory genes: Key switches in the developmental events of plant tissue culture 发育调控基因：植物组织培养发育过程中的关键开关

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100550

Hasan Mehraj , Tsuyoshi Maruyama , Momi Tsuruta , Saneyoshi Ueno

Plant tissue culture (PTC) is a well-practiced biological approach in industrial application, as well as basic and applied research for plantlet regeneration. Organogenesis of callus, somatic embryos, shoot, root, and plantlet regeneration are common techniques. Plant tissue culturists use external plant growth regulators (PGRs), different kinds of light, and other modifications for efficacious in vitro organogenesis. Any modification of the culture environment can trigger the expression of many genes in organogenesis and regeneration processes. Developmental regulatory genes such as WUSCHEL (WUS), WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX), LEAFY COTYLEDON (LEC), BABY BOOM (BBM), SOMATIC EMBROYOGENESIS RECEPTOR KINASE (SERK), GROWTH REGULATING FACTORS (GRF), and WOUND INDUCED DEDIFFERENTIATION1 (WIND1) are some of the key genes that actively involved in the in vitro organogenesis and plantlet regeneration process. Ectopic expression of WUS, WOX, LEC, BBM, and GRF acted differently, but overexpression of these genes can increase the plant transformation efficiency. In vitro organogenesis processes alter epigenetic marks, especially DNA methylation and histone modifications independently or by the modification of any factors in PTC. Alteration of epigenetic marks can regulate the transcription of genes leading to the promotion or demotion of the in vitro organogenesis process. It is possible to get calli, somatic embryos, shoots, roots, and plantlets without any assistance from PGRs by overexpressing developmental regulatory genes in plant tissue culture. In this review, we summarized the connection between gene expressions and their regulation at developmental events in PTC.

植物组织培养（PTC）是一种在工业应用中得到广泛应用的生物学方法，也是植物再生的基础和应用研究。愈伤组织、体胚、茎、根和植株再生的器官发生是常用的技术。植物组织培养使用外部植物生长调节剂（pgr）、不同种类的光和其他修饰来实现有效的体外器官发生。在器官发生和再生过程中，培养环境的任何改变都可以触发许多基因的表达。WUSCHEL （WUS）、wuschelrelated HOMEOBOX （WOX）、LEAFY COTYLEDON （LEC）、BABY BOOM （BBM）、SOMATIC EMBROYOGENESIS RECEPTOR KINASE （SERK）、GROWTH REGULATING FACTORS （GRF）、WOUND INDUCED DEDIFFERENTIATION1 （WIND1）等发育调控基因是积极参与体外器官发生和植株再生过程的关键基因。WUS、WOX、LEC、BBM和GRF的异位表达作用不同，但过表达这些基因可以提高植物转化效率。体外器官发生过程可以改变表观遗传标记，特别是DNA甲基化和组蛋白修饰，或者通过修饰PTC中的任何因素。表观遗传标记的改变可以调节基因的转录，从而促进或降低体外器官发生过程。在植物组织培养中，通过过表达发育调控基因，可以在没有pgr的帮助下获得愈伤组织、体胚、芽、根和植株。本文就PTC发育过程中基因表达与调控的关系进行综述。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-modal priming for plant stress resilience: Emerging agents and applications 植物抗逆性的多模态启动：新兴药剂及其应用

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100548

Saif Syed , Avinash Mishra

Extreme weather events are taking a toll on global agriculture, slashing crop yields by nearly a quarter each year. This escalating volatility undermines food security, particularly as conventional protective measures struggle to keep up with the pace and complexity of environmental stressors. The limited scope of current plant priming strategies, which rely on a narrow set of conventional chemical elicitors, phytohormones, and basic hydro priming strategies, often lacks the flexibility to address multiple stress conditions simultaneously, highlighting an urgent call for the development of more robust and adaptable priming strategies and solutions. The current review fills this research-gap, and explores some lesser-known agents and well-established next-generation nano-based agents offering multi-layered protection by tapping into diverse yet synergistic biological pathways driving stress resilient agricultural practices. While arachidonic acids and synthetic analogues of ABA (abscisic acid) can recalibrate hormonal signalling, resulting in fine-tuned responses of plants under stress, SL/SL-mimics coordinate with other phytohormonal signalling cascades for effective modulation of root-shoot architectural dynamics for stress adaptation. Dual-release gastrotransmitter agents like NOSH-aspirin can release hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide simultaneously, which are crucial gaseous signalling molecules involved in stress signalling and cellular resilience. Meanwhile, molecules like ebselen deliver localized antioxidant support, and ectoine, a naturally derived osmolyte, fortifies cell membranes against dehydration and salinity shocks. Adding another layer of nanomaterial-based priming, graphene oxide not only acts as a smart delivery vehicle for these agents but also confers protective properties of its own, whereas the intrinsic optical and ROS scavenging properties of carbon dots alongside their exceptional water dispersion and plant tissue penetration abilities make them desirable candidates in area of nanomaterial based screening of stress resilience in various plant species. Alongside these, an expanding library of small molecules is being engineered to intervene with surgical precision in plant metabolic pathways, targeting stress nodes without inhibiting growth. The immediate effectiveness as well as induction of long-lasting "stress memories" through epigenetic tuning and metabolomic reprogramming induced by such agents can train plants to remember and react faster to future threats, offering broader stress tolerance, reduced toxicity, and more targeted efficacy.

极端天气事件正在给全球农业造成损失，每年农作物产量减少近四分之一。这种不断升级的波动破坏了粮食安全，特别是在传统保护措施难以跟上环境压力源的速度和复杂性的情况下。目前植物启动策略的范围有限，依赖于一套狭窄的传统化学激发子、植物激素和基本的水力启动策略，往往缺乏同时应对多种胁迫条件的灵活性，因此迫切需要开发更强大、适应性更强的启动策略和解决方案。目前的综述填补了这一研究空白，并探索了一些鲜为人知的药物和已经建立的下一代纳米药物，通过利用不同但协同的生物途径来驱动抗应激农业实践，提供多层保护。花生四烯酸和ABA（脱落酸）的合成类似物可以重新校准激素信号，导致植物在逆境下的精细反应，而SL/SL模拟物与其他植物激素信号级联协调，有效调节根冠结构动力学，以适应逆境。双释放胃递质药物，如nosh -阿司匹林，可以同时释放硫化氢和一氧化氮，这是至关重要的气体信号分子，涉及压力信号和细胞恢复力。与此同时，像埃布selen这样的分子提供局部抗氧化支持，而外托碱，一种天然衍生的渗透物，可以增强细胞膜抵御脱水和盐度冲击。添加另一层基于纳米材料的引物，氧化石墨烯不仅作为这些试剂的智能递送载体，而且还赋予其自身的保护特性，而碳点固有的光学和活性氧清除特性，以及它们卓越的水分散和植物组织渗透能力，使它们成为基于纳米材料筛选各种植物物种逆境恢复能力领域的理想候选者。除此之外，一个不断扩大的小分子文库正在被设计用于像外科手术一样精确地干预植物代谢途径，在不抑制生长的情况下靶向应激节点。通过这些药物诱导的表观遗传调节和代谢组学重编程，其即时效果和长期“压力记忆”的诱导可以训练植物记忆并对未来的威胁做出更快的反应，从而提供更广泛的压力耐受性，降低毒性，更有针对性的功效。

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引用次数: 0