Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1080/2093761X.2016.1172279
A. Gagliano, M. Detommaso, F. Nocera, U. Berardi
AbstractIn recent years, the demand for air conditioning systems has increased considerably. Consequentially, the energy demand for building cooling has become a serious concern. In particular, the energy peak demand that is intensified by the urban heat island (UHI) effect is often a critical issue for the outdated electricity infrastructure in many countries. In order to rationalize the building energy consumption while ensuring indoor thermal comfort, this paper explores the possibilities offered by the retrofitting of existing uninsulated roofs in combination with night natural cooling strategies. To this end, a case study was selected in order to investigate the performance of an extensive green roof (GR) with and without natural ventilation (NV). The selected building is located in Catania, southern Italy, in a very mild climate. Free-running conditions were evaluated together with air conditioning conditions during the daytime and free cooling via natural ventilation at night. The hourly variation ...
{"title":"The adoption of green roofs for the retrofitting of existing buildings in the Mediterranean climate","authors":"A. Gagliano, M. Detommaso, F. Nocera, U. Berardi","doi":"10.1080/2093761X.2016.1172279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2093761X.2016.1172279","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractIn recent years, the demand for air conditioning systems has increased considerably. Consequentially, the energy demand for building cooling has become a serious concern. In particular, the energy peak demand that is intensified by the urban heat island (UHI) effect is often a critical issue for the outdated electricity infrastructure in many countries. In order to rationalize the building energy consumption while ensuring indoor thermal comfort, this paper explores the possibilities offered by the retrofitting of existing uninsulated roofs in combination with night natural cooling strategies. To this end, a case study was selected in order to investigate the performance of an extensive green roof (GR) with and without natural ventilation (NV). The selected building is located in Catania, southern Italy, in a very mild climate. Free-running conditions were evaluated together with air conditioning conditions during the daytime and free cooling via natural ventilation at night. The hourly variation ...","PeriodicalId":38108,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2093761X.2016.1172279","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60075709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-26DOI: 10.1080/2093761X.2016.1167644
Adam P. R. Taylor
AbstractIt has been asserted that a white roof reflects the sun’s rays back into space, reducing the heat absorbed into the structure beneath it and therefore reducing the cooling requirements of the occupied space. This paper presents comparative field data on structurally identical buildings with an installation of a painted white (Titania) iron roof compared to the neighbouring existing control (red) iron roof for autumn and winter. It is shown that there were significant variances in roof surface and roof cavity temperatures between the building with the white roof and the building with the red roof, and that the occupied rooms in the two near-identical buildings showed very similar temperatures during the cooler parts of the day. It is suggested that the roof colour of a ceiling-insulated structure has very little impact on the temperature of the occupied and insulated space, but that during the hotter parts of the day there can be up to a 10°C temperature differential in the roof. From this prelimin...
{"title":"A comparative analysis of a white-roof installation during a New Zealand autumn and winter","authors":"Adam P. R. Taylor","doi":"10.1080/2093761X.2016.1167644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2093761X.2016.1167644","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractIt has been asserted that a white roof reflects the sun’s rays back into space, reducing the heat absorbed into the structure beneath it and therefore reducing the cooling requirements of the occupied space. This paper presents comparative field data on structurally identical buildings with an installation of a painted white (Titania) iron roof compared to the neighbouring existing control (red) iron roof for autumn and winter. It is shown that there were significant variances in roof surface and roof cavity temperatures between the building with the white roof and the building with the red roof, and that the occupied rooms in the two near-identical buildings showed very similar temperatures during the cooler parts of the day. It is suggested that the roof colour of a ceiling-insulated structure has very little impact on the temperature of the occupied and insulated space, but that during the hotter parts of the day there can be up to a 10°C temperature differential in the roof. From this prelimin...","PeriodicalId":38108,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2093761X.2016.1167644","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60075642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-23DOI: 10.1080/2093761X.2016.1167643
H. Alaka, Lukumon O. Oyedele, O. Toriola-Coker
AbstractIt is quite common for researchers to use an excess dosage of superplasticizer to achieve the desired very low water to binder (w/b) ratio required for sustainable high-volume fly ash (HVFA) concrete mixes in order to obtain early strength without reporting on the effects of the excess dosage. This study investigates the effects of such excess dosages on the properties of highly sustainable HVFA concrete. Four series of concrete mixes were designed, with Series 0 being the control concrete mix containing no fly ash and no superplasticizer. Series 50, 60 and 65 contained HVFA concrete mixes that had 50, 60 and 65% fly ash content, respectively. Series 50, 60 and 65 contained three similar mixes; in each series, the three mixes were prepared with the maximum dosage of superplasticizer at 2% of the binder by mass, and excess dosages at 3% and 4%, respectively. The effect of the excess doses on slump, flowability, compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile splitting strength, and abrasion resist...
{"title":"Effect of excess dosages of superplasticizer on the properties of highly sustainable high-volume fly ash concrete","authors":"H. Alaka, Lukumon O. Oyedele, O. Toriola-Coker","doi":"10.1080/2093761X.2016.1167643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2093761X.2016.1167643","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractIt is quite common for researchers to use an excess dosage of superplasticizer to achieve the desired very low water to binder (w/b) ratio required for sustainable high-volume fly ash (HVFA) concrete mixes in order to obtain early strength without reporting on the effects of the excess dosage. This study investigates the effects of such excess dosages on the properties of highly sustainable HVFA concrete. Four series of concrete mixes were designed, with Series 0 being the control concrete mix containing no fly ash and no superplasticizer. Series 50, 60 and 65 contained HVFA concrete mixes that had 50, 60 and 65% fly ash content, respectively. Series 50, 60 and 65 contained three similar mixes; in each series, the three mixes were prepared with the maximum dosage of superplasticizer at 2% of the binder by mass, and excess dosages at 3% and 4%, respectively. The effect of the excess doses on slump, flowability, compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile splitting strength, and abrasion resist...","PeriodicalId":38108,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2093761X.2016.1167643","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60075591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-17DOI: 10.1080/2093761X.2016.1172278
H.A.C.K. Hettiarachchi, W. Mampearachchi
AbstractAsphalt, concrete and interlocking concrete block paving (ICBP) are the most commonly used paving materials. Artificial pavements are one of the key factors for the urban heat island effect. Due to high irradiance, the ambient air temperature rises above human thermal comfort levels. Studies have shown that ambient air temperatures above asphalt and concrete surfaces are significantly higher than those above ICBP pavements. Typically, paving blocks are used in public spaces that are generally used by pedestrians. During the daytime, the surface temperature of pavements rises and walking on pavements becomes very uncomfortable. The thermal behaviour of interlocking concrete block pavements is mainly governed by solar irradiation. When pavements are exposed to solar radiation, paving blocks are heated and the temperature of their top surfaces rises. Several factors such as heat capacity, convection film coefficient, and heat conductivity directly affect the temperature of ICBP. In this study, a fini...
{"title":"New block design and laying parameters for interlocking concrete block pavements to improve human thermal comfort levels in urban spaces","authors":"H.A.C.K. Hettiarachchi, W. Mampearachchi","doi":"10.1080/2093761X.2016.1172278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2093761X.2016.1172278","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractAsphalt, concrete and interlocking concrete block paving (ICBP) are the most commonly used paving materials. Artificial pavements are one of the key factors for the urban heat island effect. Due to high irradiance, the ambient air temperature rises above human thermal comfort levels. Studies have shown that ambient air temperatures above asphalt and concrete surfaces are significantly higher than those above ICBP pavements. Typically, paving blocks are used in public spaces that are generally used by pedestrians. During the daytime, the surface temperature of pavements rises and walking on pavements becomes very uncomfortable. The thermal behaviour of interlocking concrete block pavements is mainly governed by solar irradiation. When pavements are exposed to solar radiation, paving blocks are heated and the temperature of their top surfaces rises. Several factors such as heat capacity, convection film coefficient, and heat conductivity directly affect the temperature of ICBP. In this study, a fini...","PeriodicalId":38108,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2093761X.2016.1172278","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60075674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-27DOI: 10.1080/2093761X.2016.1167646
S. Mousavi, T. H. Khan, Y. Lim
AbstractNowadays, many researchers – especially engineers and architects – apply daylighting simulation tools during the building design process to investigate daylighting performance for a range of purposes. However, International Commission on Illumination (CIE, from the French name of the organisation, Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage) sky models are considered for many such simulation tools. The characteristics of tropical sky are different from those of CIE skies, hence the usage and validity of these tools could be unreliable for research involving tropical regions. The aim of this study is to validate the Radiance program in the Integrated Environmental Solution – Virtual Environment (IES-VE) software by measuring daylight in furnished and unfurnished rooms under Malaysian tropical sky. Daylighting measurement and simulation were carried out over eight days in unfurnished and furnished rooms under both intermediate and overcast skies. The case room was drawn by ModelIT and the related furni...
摘要目前，许多研究人员，特别是工程师和建筑师，在建筑设计过程中应用采光模拟工具来研究采光性能，以达到各种目的。然而，国际照明委员会(CIE，来自该组织的法语名称，Commission Internationale del’eclairage)的天空模型被认为是许多这样的模拟工具。热带天空的特征与CIE天空的特征不同，因此这些工具的使用和有效性对于涉及热带地区的研究可能是不可靠的。本研究的目的是通过测量马来西亚热带天空下带家具和不带家具的房间的日光来验证综合环境解决方案-虚拟环境(IES-VE)软件中的Radiance程序。在中天和阴天下，在没有家具和有家具的房间里进行了为期8天的采光测量和模拟。病例室由ModelIT绘制，相关家具由ModelIT绘制。
{"title":"Empirical validation of Radiance-IES daylight simulation for furnished and unfurnished rooms under a tropical sky","authors":"S. Mousavi, T. H. Khan, Y. Lim","doi":"10.1080/2093761X.2016.1167646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2093761X.2016.1167646","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractNowadays, many researchers – especially engineers and architects – apply daylighting simulation tools during the building design process to investigate daylighting performance for a range of purposes. However, International Commission on Illumination (CIE, from the French name of the organisation, Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage) sky models are considered for many such simulation tools. The characteristics of tropical sky are different from those of CIE skies, hence the usage and validity of these tools could be unreliable for research involving tropical regions. The aim of this study is to validate the Radiance program in the Integrated Environmental Solution – Virtual Environment (IES-VE) software by measuring daylight in furnished and unfurnished rooms under Malaysian tropical sky. Daylighting measurement and simulation were carried out over eight days in unfurnished and furnished rooms under both intermediate and overcast skies. The case room was drawn by ModelIT and the related furni...","PeriodicalId":38108,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2093761X.2016.1167646","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60075667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-26DOI: 10.1080/2093761X.2016.1167642
R. Bohne, Lizhen Huang, Jardar Lohne
AbstractThis study provides a global overview and comparison of residential building energy consumption (RBEC) in 8 climate zones in order to provide a visible foundation for policymakers and decision-makers with respect to sustainable future levels of RBEC. A total of 31 countries and 14 provinces/municipalities within these 8 climate zones are furthermore grouped into 20 different regions based on income. Demographic statistics regarding housing and RBEC of these regions are collected for analysis in this study. The results indicate that: 1) RBEC per capita and per m2 in most Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries has decreased over the past two decades; 2) in developing countries, such consumption does not follow the same pattern of change; 3) within each climate zone, RBEC per m2 is not significantly different for regions and countries in the same income groups, but there is significant difference in RBEC per capita for different regions and countries, even within the ...
{"title":"A global overview of residential building energy consumption in eight climate zones","authors":"R. Bohne, Lizhen Huang, Jardar Lohne","doi":"10.1080/2093761X.2016.1167642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2093761X.2016.1167642","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis study provides a global overview and comparison of residential building energy consumption (RBEC) in 8 climate zones in order to provide a visible foundation for policymakers and decision-makers with respect to sustainable future levels of RBEC. A total of 31 countries and 14 provinces/municipalities within these 8 climate zones are furthermore grouped into 20 different regions based on income. Demographic statistics regarding housing and RBEC of these regions are collected for analysis in this study. The results indicate that: 1) RBEC per capita and per m2 in most Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries has decreased over the past two decades; 2) in developing countries, such consumption does not follow the same pattern of change; 3) within each climate zone, RBEC per m2 is not significantly different for regions and countries in the same income groups, but there is significant difference in RBEC per capita for different regions and countries, even within the ...","PeriodicalId":38108,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2093761X.2016.1167642","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60075541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-23DOI: 10.1080/2093761X.2016.1152203
Olúgbénga O. Akinadé, Lukumon O. Oyedele, K. Munir, Muhammad Bilal, Saheed Ajayi, H. Owolabi, H. Alaka, S. Bello
AbstractThis study identifies evaluation criteria with the goal of appraising the performance of existing construction waste management tools and employing the results in the development of a holistic building information modelling (BIM) framework for construction waste management. Based on the literature, this paper identifies 32 construction waste management tools in five categories: (a) waste management plan templates and guides, (b) waste data collection and audit tools (c) waste quantification models, (d) waste prediction tools, and (e) geographic information system (GIS)-enabled waste tools. After reviewing these tools and conducting four focus-group interviews (FGIs), the findings revealed six categories of evaluation criteria (a) waste prediction; (b) waste data; (c) commercial and procurement; (d) BIM; (e) design; and (f) technological. The performance of the tools is assessed using the evaluation criteria and the result reveals that the existing tools are not robust enough to tackle construction...
{"title":"Evaluation criteria for construction waste management tools: towards a holistic BIM framework","authors":"Olúgbénga O. Akinadé, Lukumon O. Oyedele, K. Munir, Muhammad Bilal, Saheed Ajayi, H. Owolabi, H. Alaka, S. Bello","doi":"10.1080/2093761X.2016.1152203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2093761X.2016.1152203","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis study identifies evaluation criteria with the goal of appraising the performance of existing construction waste management tools and employing the results in the development of a holistic building information modelling (BIM) framework for construction waste management. Based on the literature, this paper identifies 32 construction waste management tools in five categories: (a) waste management plan templates and guides, (b) waste data collection and audit tools (c) waste quantification models, (d) waste prediction tools, and (e) geographic information system (GIS)-enabled waste tools. After reviewing these tools and conducting four focus-group interviews (FGIs), the findings revealed six categories of evaluation criteria (a) waste prediction; (b) waste data; (c) commercial and procurement; (d) BIM; (e) design; and (f) technological. The performance of the tools is assessed using the evaluation criteria and the result reveals that the existing tools are not robust enough to tackle construction...","PeriodicalId":38108,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2093761X.2016.1152203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60075518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-09DOI: 10.1080/2093761X.2016.1152204
Irina Tumini, Ester Higueras Garcia, Sergio Baereswyl Rada
AbstractThe urban microclimate plays an important role in building energy consumption and thermal comfort in outdoor spaces. Nowadays, cities need to increase energy efficiency, reduce pollutant emissions and mitigate the evident lack of sustainability. In light of this, attention has focused on the bioclimatic concepts use in the urban development. However, the speculative unsustainability of the growth model highlights the need to redirect the construction sector towards urban renovation using a bioclimatic approach. The public space plays a key role in improving the quality of today’s cities, especially in terms of providing places for citizens to meet and socialize in adequate thermal conditions. Thermal comfort affects perception of the environment, so microclimate conditions can be decisive for the success or failure of outdoor urban spaces and the activities held in them. For these reasons, the main focus of this work is on the definition of bioclimatic strategies for existing urban spaces, based o...
{"title":"Urban microclimate and thermal comfort modelling: strategies for urban renovation","authors":"Irina Tumini, Ester Higueras Garcia, Sergio Baereswyl Rada","doi":"10.1080/2093761X.2016.1152204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2093761X.2016.1152204","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe urban microclimate plays an important role in building energy consumption and thermal comfort in outdoor spaces. Nowadays, cities need to increase energy efficiency, reduce pollutant emissions and mitigate the evident lack of sustainability. In light of this, attention has focused on the bioclimatic concepts use in the urban development. However, the speculative unsustainability of the growth model highlights the need to redirect the construction sector towards urban renovation using a bioclimatic approach. The public space plays a key role in improving the quality of today’s cities, especially in terms of providing places for citizens to meet and socialize in adequate thermal conditions. Thermal comfort affects perception of the environment, so microclimate conditions can be decisive for the success or failure of outdoor urban spaces and the activities held in them. For these reasons, the main focus of this work is on the definition of bioclimatic strategies for existing urban spaces, based o...","PeriodicalId":38108,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2093761X.2016.1152204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60075528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-24DOI: 10.1080/2093761X.2015.1116416
W. Al-Rifaie, Khaled Al-Enezi, W. Ahmed
AbstractOne of the main challenges for building designs is to provide comfort to its occupants at a low cost. The present investigation aims to study the performance of a ferrocement cavity wall under heating by means of applying direct fire to two ferrocement leaves with a space in between to be filled with insulation material. The main parameters considered in the present investigation are the fire temperature at its core and the space between the two ferrocement leaves. All leaves were subjected to direct fire for 2 hours. The performance of the ferrocement cavity wall was observed by reading an infrared thermometer instrument and examining the crack patterns on the wall panel. It is concluded that increasing the cavity wall space affected the degree of insulation, while the degree of insulation is not affected by the type of insulation material. It is also concluded that hair cracks appeared on the surface of the ferrocement leave facing the fire when the temperature reached 1300°C with the core of th...
{"title":"Thermal response of a ferrocement cavity wall under direct fire","authors":"W. Al-Rifaie, Khaled Al-Enezi, W. Ahmed","doi":"10.1080/2093761X.2015.1116416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2093761X.2015.1116416","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractOne of the main challenges for building designs is to provide comfort to its occupants at a low cost. The present investigation aims to study the performance of a ferrocement cavity wall under heating by means of applying direct fire to two ferrocement leaves with a space in between to be filled with insulation material. The main parameters considered in the present investigation are the fire temperature at its core and the space between the two ferrocement leaves. All leaves were subjected to direct fire for 2 hours. The performance of the ferrocement cavity wall was observed by reading an infrared thermometer instrument and examining the crack patterns on the wall panel. It is concluded that increasing the cavity wall space affected the degree of insulation, while the degree of insulation is not affected by the type of insulation material. It is also concluded that hair cracks appeared on the surface of the ferrocement leave facing the fire when the temperature reached 1300°C with the core of th...","PeriodicalId":38108,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2093761X.2015.1116416","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60075512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-01DOI: 10.1080/2093761X.2015.1092001
Kenneth Mak, C. Macdougall, A. Fam
AbstractThe compressed earth block (CEB) is a form of masonry unit comprised of mechanically compacted earth with a natural clay binder. CEBs typically experience a 50% reduction in compressive strength when saturated. As a result, CEBs are typically stabilised with Portland cement, hydrated lime, or metakaolin. More recently, a commercial silane/siloxane water-repellent admixture with the tradename Plasticure, specifically designed for earth construction, has become available. This paper is an experimental investigation of the influence of Plasticure on the dry and wet strengths of CEBs stabilised with Portland cement, hydrated lime, and metakaolin. Prisms were tested wet and dry with three repetitions each. In total, 106 specimens were tested. The wet specimens were soaked in water for 24 h before compressive testing. Typical CEBs without Plasticure absorbed water equal to 7 to 9% of their original weight. This resulted in reductions of compressive strengths from the dry condition by 40 to 50%. For CEBs...
{"title":"The mechanical characteristics of on-site manufactured compressed earth blocks: the effects of water repellent and other additives","authors":"Kenneth Mak, C. Macdougall, A. Fam","doi":"10.1080/2093761X.2015.1092001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2093761X.2015.1092001","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe compressed earth block (CEB) is a form of masonry unit comprised of mechanically compacted earth with a natural clay binder. CEBs typically experience a 50% reduction in compressive strength when saturated. As a result, CEBs are typically stabilised with Portland cement, hydrated lime, or metakaolin. More recently, a commercial silane/siloxane water-repellent admixture with the tradename Plasticure, specifically designed for earth construction, has become available. This paper is an experimental investigation of the influence of Plasticure on the dry and wet strengths of CEBs stabilised with Portland cement, hydrated lime, and metakaolin. Prisms were tested wet and dry with three repetitions each. In total, 106 specimens were tested. The wet specimens were soaked in water for 24 h before compressive testing. Typical CEBs without Plasticure absorbed water equal to 7 to 9% of their original weight. This resulted in reductions of compressive strengths from the dry condition by 40 to 50%. For CEBs...","PeriodicalId":38108,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2093761X.2015.1092001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60075426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：