Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00771
Alessandro Usai , Jon K. Pittman , Constantinos Theodoropoulos
Haematococcus pluvialis can produce significant amounts of industrially important compounds belonging to lipids and starch classes, including various specific pigments such as β-carotene, lutein and astaxanthin, as well as lipids, carbohydrates and proteins. Their production can vary depending on environmental stress conditions like nutrient starvation. However, stress conditions lead also to undesired phenomena such as cell lysis, which is likely to be related to products loss. The microorganism develops towards smaller single cell volumes during the growth process, and eventually, more likely towards lysis when fission (i.e. cell division) slows down. The lysis process takes place simultaneously with nutrient depletion, so both growth and lysis are linked to the change of environmental conditions. In this work, we develop a novel multiscale segregated-structured model based on Population Balance Equations (PBEs) to describe the photoautotrophic growth of H.pluvialis, in particular cell growth, and lysis, making possible the description of the relationship between cell volume/transition, cell loss, and metabolic product availability. Cell volume is the internal coordinate of the population balance model, and its link with intrinsic concentrations is also presented. The model parameters are fitted against experimental data, extensive sensitivity analysis is performed and the model predictive capabilities are tested in terms of cell density distributions, as well as 0th and 1st order moments.
{"title":"A multiscale modelling approach for Haematococcus pluvialis cultivation under different environmental conditions","authors":"Alessandro Usai , Jon K. Pittman , Constantinos Theodoropoulos","doi":"10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Haematococcus pluvialis</em> can produce significant amounts of industrially important compounds belonging to lipids and starch classes, including various specific pigments such as β-carotene, lutein and astaxanthin, as well as lipids, carbohydrates and proteins. Their production can vary depending on environmental stress conditions like nutrient starvation. However, stress conditions lead also to undesired phenomena such as cell lysis, which is likely to be related to products loss. The microorganism develops towards smaller single cell volumes during the growth process, and eventually, more likely towards lysis when fission (i.e. cell division) slows down. The lysis process takes place simultaneously with nutrient depletion, so both growth and lysis are linked to the change of environmental conditions. In this work, we develop a novel multiscale segregated-structured model based on Population Balance Equations (PBEs) to describe the photoautotrophic growth of <em>H.pluvialis</em>, in particular cell growth, and lysis, making possible the description of the relationship between cell volume/transition, cell loss, and metabolic product availability. Cell volume is the internal coordinate of the population balance model, and its link with intrinsic concentrations is also presented. The model parameters are fitted against experimental data, extensive sensitivity analysis is performed and the model predictive capabilities are tested in terms of cell density distributions, as well as 0th and 1st order moments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38117,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9636539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40672105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00772
Ahmed Adebisi Otunba , Akinniyi Adediran Osuntoki , Wahab Okunowo , Daniel Kolawole Olukoya , Benjamin Ayodipupo Babalola
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been known to possess bacteriocidal activity resulting from ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides called bacteriocin. This study focused on the characterization of the bactericidal activity of bacteriocin PB2 and comprehensive detection of the pediocin ped-A1 from Pediococcus pentosaceus obtained from fermented sorghum beverage, Pito, in Nigeria against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 15313. Bacteriocin PB2 was purified in a 2-step purification using 80% NH4 (SO4)2, and Carboxymethyl-Sephadex G-50 column chromatography to achieve a 12.62% purification fold. The physicochemical properties of purified bacteriocin were characterized being treated at different temperatures (20 – 120 °C), pH (2.0 – 10.0), with different detergents and enzymes (sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) urea, ox-gall, and proteinase K and RNase A), organic solvents (ethanol, phenol, acetone, chloroform and isoamyl alcohol), and exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation (2–12 h) respectively. The molecular weight of the bacteriocin PB2 was determined to be 4.87 kDa. The antibacterial activity of bacteriocin PB2 was optimum at 40 °C and pH 5.0. The bacteriocin PB2 lost its activity on treatment with proteinase K and exposure to UV radiation (after 6 h) but was observed to have stable activity in the presence of organic solvents. Also, P. pentosaceus PB2 harbored two plasmids, 0.9 and 1.2 kb which when cured resulted in the loss of the antimicrobial activity. The mRNA transcript for pedA was detected in P. pentosaceus PB2, but not in the cured derivative, confirming the expression of the plasmid ped-A1 gene in PB2. This study validates our previous study that the PB2 strain of Pediococcus pentosaceus isolated from fermented sorghum, Pito, may be used as a probiotic toward clinically important enteropathogenic bacteria. This peptide is a potential agent for use as an alternative antibacterial agent for the treatment of drug-resistant strains of bacterial infection.
{"title":"Characterization of novel bacteriocin PB2 and comprehensive detection of the pediocin gene ped-A1 from Pediococcus pentosaceus PB2 strain isolated from a sorghum-based fermented beverage in Nigeria","authors":"Ahmed Adebisi Otunba , Akinniyi Adediran Osuntoki , Wahab Okunowo , Daniel Kolawole Olukoya , Benjamin Ayodipupo Babalola","doi":"10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been known to possess bacteriocidal activity resulting from ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides called bacteriocin. This study focused on the characterization of the bactericidal activity of bacteriocin PB2 and comprehensive detection of the pediocin ped-A1 from <em>Pediococcus pentosaceus</em> obtained from fermented sorghum beverage, <em>Pito</em>, in Nigeria against <em>Escherichia coli</em> ATCC 25922 and <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> ATCC 15313. Bacteriocin PB2 was purified in a 2-step purification using 80% NH<sub>4</sub> (SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, and Carboxymethyl-Sephadex G-50 column chromatography to achieve a 12.62% purification fold. The physicochemical properties of purified bacteriocin were characterized being treated at different temperatures (20 – 120 °C), pH (2.0 – 10.0), with different detergents and enzymes (sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) urea, ox-gall, and proteinase K and RNase A), organic solvents (ethanol, phenol, acetone, chloroform and isoamyl alcohol), and exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation (2–12 h) respectively. The molecular weight of the bacteriocin PB2 was determined to be 4.87 kDa. The antibacterial activity of bacteriocin PB2 was optimum at 40 °C and pH 5.0. The bacteriocin PB2 lost its activity on treatment with proteinase K and exposure to UV radiation (after 6 h) but was observed to have stable activity in the presence of organic solvents. Also, <em>P. pentosaceus</em> PB2 harbored two plasmids, 0.9 and 1.2 kb which when cured resulted in the loss of the antimicrobial activity. The mRNA transcript for pedA was detected in <em>P. pentosaceus</em> PB2, but not in the cured derivative, confirming the expression of the plasmid ped-A1 gene in PB2. This study validates our previous study that the PB2 strain of <em>Pediococcus pentosaceus</em> isolated from fermented sorghum, <em>Pito,</em> may be used as a probiotic toward clinically important enteropathogenic bacteria. This peptide is a potential agent for use as an alternative antibacterial agent for the treatment of drug-resistant strains of bacterial infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38117,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2c/62/main.PMC9640346.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40690969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The therapeutic efficacy of Artemisia annua L. is governed by artemisinin (ART), prevalently produced by A. annua extraction. Due to the modest amount of ART (0.01-1 %dw) in this plant, commercialization of ACTs is difficult. In this study, the floral-dip based transformation protocol for A. annua was developed to enhance expression of artemisinin biosynthesis genes and ART content. For dipping, the effective infiltration media components were optimized, and to obtain high transformation (26.9%) partially open bud stage capitulum of floral development was used. Hygromycin phospho-transferase (hptII) selection marker was used to validate the transformed T1 progenies. The copy numbers of the transgene (hptII) in T1 progenies were determined using a sensitive, high-throughput SYBR Green based quantitative RT-PCR. The results of the hptII transgene were compared with those of the low copy number, internal standard (hmgr). Using optimised PCR conditions, one, two and three transgene copies in T1 transformants were achieved.
{"title":"Germline transformation of Artemisia annuaL. plant via in planta transformation technology “Floral dip”","authors":"Firdaus Qamar, Shazia Khan, Kudsiya Ashrafi, Sadia Iqrar, Syed Naved Quadri, Monica Saifi, M.Z. Abdin","doi":"10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The therapeutic efficacy of <em>Artemisia annua</em> L. is governed by artemisinin (ART), prevalently produced by <em>A. annua</em> extraction. Due to the modest amount of ART (0.01-1 %dw) in this plant, commercialization of ACTs is difficult. In this study, the floral-dip based transformation protocol for <em>A. annua</em> was developed to enhance expression of artemisinin biosynthesis genes and ART content. For dipping, the effective infiltration media components were optimized, and to obtain high transformation (26.9%) partially open bud stage capitulum of floral development was used. Hygromycin phospho-transferase (<em>hptII</em>) selection marker was used to validate the transformed T<sub>1</sub> progenies. The copy numbers of the transgene (<em>hptII</em>) in T<sub>1</sub> progenies were determined using a sensitive, high-throughput SYBR Green based quantitative RT-PCR. The results of the <em>hptII</em> transgene were compared with those of the low copy number, internal standard (<em>hmgr</em>). Using optimised PCR conditions, one, two and three transgene copies in T<sub>1</sub> transformants were achieved.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38117,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a3/55/main.PMC9489500.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33483983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00767
Nasser Al-Kaabi , Zulfa Al Disi , Mohammad A. Al-Ghouti , Theis Ivan Solling , Nabil Zouari
It has been demonstrated that biostimulation is necessary to investigate the interactions between indigenous bacteria and establish an approach for the bioremediation of soils contaminated with weathered oil. This was achieved by adjusting the carbon (C)/nitrogen (N)/phosphorus (P) ratio to 100/10/1 combined with the application of 0.8 mL/kg Tween-80. In addition, three indigenous bacteria isolated from the same soil were introduced solely or combined concomitantly with stimulation. Removal of n-alkanes and the ratios of n-heptadecane to pristane and n-octadecane to phytane were taken to indicate their biodegradation performance over a period of 16 weeks. One strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa D7S1 improved the efficiency of the process of stimulation. However, another Pseudomonas aeruginosa, D5D1, inhibited the overall process when combined with other bacteria. One strain of Bacillus licheniformis D1D2 did not affect the process significantly. The Fourier transform infrared analysis of the residual hydrocarbons supported the conclusions pertaining to the biodegradation processes when probing the modifications in densities and stretching. The indigenous bacteria cannot mutually benefit from their metabolisms for bioremediation if augmented artificially. However, the strain Pseudomonas. aeruginosa D7S1 was able to perform better alone than in a consortium of indigenous bacteria.
{"title":"Interaction between indigenous hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in reconstituted mixtures for remediation of weathered oil in soil","authors":"Nasser Al-Kaabi , Zulfa Al Disi , Mohammad A. Al-Ghouti , Theis Ivan Solling , Nabil Zouari","doi":"10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It has been demonstrated that biostimulation is necessary to investigate the interactions between indigenous bacteria and establish an approach for the bioremediation of soils contaminated with weathered oil. This was achieved by adjusting the carbon (C)/nitrogen (N)/phosphorus (P) ratio to 100/10/1 combined with the application of 0.8 mL/kg Tween-80. In addition, three indigenous bacteria isolated from the same soil were introduced solely or combined concomitantly with stimulation. Removal of n-alkanes and the ratios of n-heptadecane to pristane and n-octadecane to phytane were taken to indicate their biodegradation performance over a period of 16 weeks. One strain of <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> D7S1 improved the efficiency of the process of stimulation. However, another <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa,</em> D5D1, inhibited the overall process when combined with other bacteria. One strain of <em>Bacillus licheniformis</em> D1D2 did not affect the process significantly. The Fourier transform infrared analysis of the residual hydrocarbons supported the conclusions pertaining to the biodegradation processes when probing the modifications in densities and stretching. The indigenous bacteria cannot mutually benefit from their metabolisms for bioremediation if augmented artificially. However, the strain <em>Pseudomonas. aeruginosa</em> D7S1 was able to perform better alone than in a consortium of indigenous bacteria.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38117,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9562452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33513444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00768
Aya S. Eweys , Yan-Sheng Zhao , Osama M. Darwesh
This study designed to investigate effect of fermentation by Lactobacillus plantarum on antioxidant and anticancer properties of Cinnamomum cassia aqueous solution. The optimum condition to produce high antioxidant activity was 107 CFU L. plantarum/10 g cinnamon at pH6 after 3 days of incubation at 35 °C. Fermented cinnamon showed an increase in ABTS, DPPH and H2O2 by 24.63, 58.31 and 60.27%, respectively over the control. Also, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were increased, 8.15 to 11.40 mg GAE/g and 0.43 to 2.61 mg QE/g, respectively. The gallic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, catechin and chlorogenic acid were increased by 37, 404, 11 and 98%, respectively. Also, anticancer activity was developed after fermentation. The increased antioxidant activity of fermented cinnamon could be attributed to the increase of some phenolics and flavonoids. Hence, cinnamon fermentation using L. plantarum is able to enhance its antioxidant and anticancer activities without producing toxic substances.
{"title":"Improving the antioxidant and anticancer potential of Cinnamomum cassia via fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum","authors":"Aya S. Eweys , Yan-Sheng Zhao , Osama M. Darwesh","doi":"10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study designed to investigate effect of fermentation by <em>Lactobacillus plantarum</em> on antioxidant and anticancer properties of <em>Cinnamomum cassia</em> aqueous solution. The optimum condition to produce high antioxidant activity was 10<sup>7</sup> CFU <em>L. plantarum</em>/10 g cinnamon at pH6 after 3 days of incubation at 35 °C. Fermented cinnamon showed an increase in ABTS, DPPH and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> by 24.63, 58.31 and 60.27%, respectively over the control. Also, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were increased, 8.15 to 11.40 mg GAE/g and 0.43 to 2.61 mg QE/g, respectively. The gallic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, catechin and chlorogenic acid were increased by 37, 404, 11 and 98%, respectively. Also, anticancer activity was developed after fermentation. The increased antioxidant activity of fermented cinnamon could be attributed to the increase of some phenolics and flavonoids. Hence, cinnamon fermentation using L. <em>plantarum</em> is able to enhance its antioxidant and anticancer activities without producing toxic substances.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38117,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/15/64/main.PMC9562600.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33514939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rhodococci are typical soil inhabitants which take part in remediation of soil polluted with hydrocarbons. In this paper, we describe a new strain, Rhodococcus qingshengii 7B, which is capable of growth and hydrocarbon degradation at 45°C and in the presence of up to 10% NaCl in the medium. The genome of the 7B strain consists of a 6,278,280 bp chromosome and two plasmids. The circular plasmid is 103,992 bp in length. The linear plasmid is 416,450 bp in length. Genome analysis revealed the genes of degradation of various hydrocarbons, resistance to salt stress and plant growth promoting activity. This strain is promising for use in remediation of oil-contaminated soils, because it has a pronounced ability to utilize crude oil, oil sludge and individual hydrocarbons in a wide temperature range. Over 15 days of the experiment, the strain utilized 51% of crude oil at 28°C and 24% at 45 °С.
{"title":"Physiological and biochemical characterization and genome analysis of Rhodococcus qingshengii strain 7B capable of crude oil degradation and plant stimulation","authors":"Leila Iminova , Yanina Delegan , Ekaterina Frantsuzova , Alexander Bogun , Anton Zvonarev , Nataliya Suzina , Sadasivam Anbumani , Inna Solyanikova","doi":"10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rhodococci are typical soil inhabitants which take part in remediation of soil polluted with hydrocarbons. In this paper, we describe a new strain, <em>Rhodococcus qingshengii</em> 7B, which is capable of growth and hydrocarbon degradation at 45°C and in the presence of up to 10% NaCl in the medium. The genome of the 7B strain consists of a 6,278,280 bp chromosome and two plasmids. The circular plasmid is 103,992 bp in length. The linear plasmid is 416,450 bp in length. Genome analysis revealed the genes of degradation of various hydrocarbons, resistance to salt stress and plant growth promoting activity. This strain is promising for use in remediation of oil-contaminated soils, because it has a pronounced ability to utilize crude oil, oil sludge and individual hydrocarbons in a wide temperature range. Over 15 days of the experiment, the strain utilized 51% of crude oil at 28°C and 24% at 45 °С.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38117,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215017X22000406/pdfft?md5=b9d3ef901d1530d2658eb49d505a4218&pid=1-s2.0-S2215017X22000406-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41300867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00747
Zulfa Al Disi , Essam Attia , Mohammad I. Ahmad , Nabil Zouari
Crude oil contamination introduces multiple threats to human health and the environment, most of which are from toxic heavy metals. Heavy metals cause significant threats because of their persistence, toxicity, and bio-accumulation. Biomineralization, performed through many microbial processes, can lead to the immobilization of heavy metals in formed minerals. The potential of the microbially carbonate-induced precipitation (MICP) in removal by biomineralization of several heavy metals was investigated. A collection of diverse 11 bacterial strains exhibited ureolytic activity and tolerance to heavy metals when growing in Luria-Bertani (LB) and urea medium. Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) revealed that heavy metal toxicity was arranged as Cd > Ni > Cr > Cu > Zn. Three hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial strains (two of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and one of Providencia rettgeri) exhibited the highest tolerance (MIC > 5 mM) to Cu, Cr, Zn, and Ni, whereas Cd exerted significantly higher toxicity with MIC <1 mM. At all MICP conditions, different proportions of calcium carbonate (calcite) and calcium phosphate (brushite) were formed. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains (QZ5 and QZ9) exhibited the highest removal efficiency of Cr (100%), whereas Providencia rettgeri strain (QZ2) showed 100% removal of Zn. Heavy metal complexes were found as well. Cd removal was evidenced by the formation of cadmium phosphate induced by Providencia rettgeri bacterial activity. Our study confirmed that hydrocarbon-degrading ureolytic bacteria not only can tolerate heavy metal toxicity but also have the capability to co-precipitate heavy metals. These findings indicate an effective and novel biological approach to bioremediate petroleum hydrocarbons and immobilize multiple heavy metals with mineral formation. This is of high importance for ecological restoration via stabilization of soil and alleviation of heavy metal toxicity.
{"title":"Immobilization of heavy metals by microbially induced carbonate precipitation using hydrocarbon-degrading ureolytic bacteria","authors":"Zulfa Al Disi , Essam Attia , Mohammad I. Ahmad , Nabil Zouari","doi":"10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Crude oil contamination introduces multiple threats to human health and the environment, most of which are from toxic heavy metals. Heavy metals cause significant threats because of their persistence, toxicity, and bio-accumulation. Biomineralization, performed through many microbial processes, can lead to the immobilization of heavy metals in formed minerals. The potential of the microbially carbonate-induced precipitation (MICP) in removal by biomineralization of several heavy metals was investigated. A collection of diverse 11 bacterial strains exhibited ureolytic activity and tolerance to heavy metals when growing in Luria-Bertani (LB) and urea medium. Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) revealed that heavy metal toxicity was arranged as Cd > Ni > Cr > Cu > Zn. Three hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial strains (two of <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> and one of <em>Providencia rettgeri</em>) exhibited the highest tolerance (MIC > 5 mM) to Cu, Cr, Zn, and Ni, whereas Cd exerted significantly higher toxicity with MIC <1 mM. At all MICP conditions, different proportions of calcium carbonate (calcite) and calcium phosphate (brushite) were formed. <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> strains (QZ5 and QZ9) exhibited the highest removal efficiency of Cr (100%), whereas <em>Providencia rettgeri</em> strain (QZ2) showed 100% removal of Zn. Heavy metal complexes were found as well. Cd removal was evidenced by the formation of cadmium phosphate induced by <em>Providencia rettgeri</em> bacterial activity. Our study confirmed that hydrocarbon-degrading ureolytic bacteria not only can tolerate heavy metal toxicity but also have the capability to co-precipitate heavy metals. These findings indicate an effective and novel biological approach to bioremediate petroleum hydrocarbons and immobilize multiple heavy metals with mineral formation. This is of high importance for ecological restoration via stabilization of soil and alleviation of heavy metal toxicity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38117,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9218142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40401083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kraft lignin (KL), is the major pollutant in pulp and paper effluent and due to its heterogeneous structure, it is resistant to the depolymerization process. It has drawn much attention from the researcher due to its challenging degradation process. In this study, a KL-degrading bacterium was isolated and screened from paper mill sludge. This bacterium was identified as ligninolytic Bacillus aryabhattai using biochemical and 16SrRNA gene analysis. B. aryabhattai showed maximum activities of lignin peroxidase-LiP (0.74 IU mL−1) and manganese peroxidase-MnP (9.2 IU mL−1) on the 4th day, and 5th day, respectively. A total 84% of KL (500 mg L−1) reduction was observed after 14 days. The KL bio-degradation was confirmed based on changes in chemical stracture of KL and new metabolites identification using FTIR and GC–MS, respectively. The study concluded that B. aryabhattai maybe becomes a potential biological agent in KL biodegradation and treatment of other lignin-containing industrial effluents.
硫酸盐木质素(KL)是制浆造纸废水中的主要污染物,由于其非均相结构,对解聚过程具有抗性。由于其具有挑战性的降解过程,引起了研究人员的广泛关注。本研究从造纸厂污泥中分离并筛选了一种kl降解菌。通过生化和16SrRNA基因分析,鉴定该菌为木质素降解芽孢杆菌。木质素过氧化物酶- lip (0.74 IU mL−1)和锰过氧化物酶- mnp (9.2 IU mL−1)活性分别在第4天和第5天达到最大值。14天后,KL (500 mg L−1)减少了84%。利用FTIR和GC-MS分别对KL的化学结构变化和新的代谢物进行鉴定,证实了KL的生物降解。研究结果表明,在KL生物降解及其他含木质素工业废水处理中,木质素菌可能成为一种潜在的生物制剂。
{"title":"Isolation of functional ligninolytic Bacillus aryabhattai from paper mill sludge and its lignin degradation potential","authors":"Anjali Singh , Rajesh Kumar , Annapurna Maurya , Pankaj Chowdhary , Abhay Raj","doi":"10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Kraft lignin (KL), is the major pollutant in pulp and paper effluent and due to its heterogeneous structure, it is resistant to the depolymerization process. It has drawn much attention from the researcher due to its challenging degradation process. In this study, a KL-degrading bacterium was isolated and screened from paper mill sludge. This bacterium was identified as ligninolytic <em>Bacillus aryabhattai</em> using biochemical and 16SrRNA gene analysis. <em>B. aryabhattai</em> showed maximum activities of lignin peroxidase-LiP (0.74 IU mL<sup>−1</sup>) and manganese peroxidase-MnP (9.2 IU mL<sup>−1</sup>) on the 4th day, and 5th day, respectively. A total 84% of KL (500 mg <em>L</em><sup>−1</sup>) reduction was observed after 14 days. The KL bio-degradation was confirmed based on changes in chemical stracture of KL and new metabolites identification using FTIR and GC–MS, respectively. The study concluded that <em>B. aryabhattai</em> maybe becomes a potential biological agent in KL biodegradation and treatment of other lignin-containing industrial effluents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38117,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9307452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40624042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00745
Hilal Yılmaz , Melek Özkan
Aquaporin incorporated nanofiltration membranes have high potential for future applications on separation processes. In this study, performance of biomimetic thin-film composite membranes containing Halomonas elongata and Escherichia coli aquaporins with different affinity tags for the removal of micropollutants was investigated.% rejection of the membranes for atrazine, terbutryn, triclosan, and diuron varied between 66.7% and 90.3% depending on the type of aquaporin and micropollutant. The highest removal rate was achieved with a membrane containing H. elongata aquaporin for atrazine and terbutryn which have methyl branching in their structure. Electrostatic interactions between micropollutants, thin-film layer of the membrane, and tags of aquaporins may also play important role in rejection of micropollutants. Stability experiments showed that biomimetic membranes can be used for six months period without a remarkable decrease in% rejection. Membrane used 24 times for atrazine removal for a year period lost most of its ability to repel atrazine.
{"title":"Micropollutant removal capacity and stability of aquaporin incorporated biomimetic thin-film composite membranes","authors":"Hilal Yılmaz , Melek Özkan","doi":"10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aquaporin incorporated nanofiltration membranes have high potential for future applications on separation processes. In this study, performance of biomimetic thin-film composite membranes containing <em>Halomonas elongata</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em> aquaporins with different affinity tags for the removal of micropollutants was investigated.% rejection of the membranes for atrazine, terbutryn, triclosan, and diuron varied between 66.7% and 90.3% depending on the type of aquaporin and micropollutant. The highest removal rate was achieved with a membrane containing <em>H. elongata</em> aquaporin for atrazine and terbutryn which have methyl branching in their structure. Electrostatic interactions between micropollutants, thin-film layer of the membrane, and tags of aquaporins may also play important role in rejection of micropollutants. Stability experiments showed that biomimetic membranes can be used for six months period without a remarkable decrease in% rejection. Membrane used 24 times for atrazine removal for a year period lost most of its ability to repel atrazine.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38117,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9a/8b/main.PMC9204655.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40012603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00742
L. A. Channa Bhathiya Jayasekara , Attaporn Poonsawad , Kwanrutai Watchaputi , Songsak Wattanachaisaereekul , Nitnipa Soontorngun
Fungi is a notable asset for drug discovery and production of pharmaceuticals; however, slow growth and poor product yields have hindered industrial utilization. Here, the mycelial biomass of Xylaria sp. BCC 1067 was examined in parallel with the assessment of antimicrobial properties by using media-type selection. To enhance both mycelial content and antifungal activity, the media replacement approach was successfully applied to stimulate fungal growth and successively switched to poorer malt-peptone extract media for metabolite production. This simple optimization reduced fungal cultivation time by 7 days and yielded 4-fold increased mycelial mass (32.59 g/L), with approximately 3-fold increased antifungal activity against the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. A high level of β-glucan (115.84 mg/g of cell dry weight) and additive antibacterial effect against Propionibacterium acnes were also reported. This simple strategy of culture media optimization allows for investigation of novel and rich source of health-promoting substances for effective microbial utilization.
{"title":"Media optimization of antimicrobial activity production and beta-glucan content of endophytic fungi Xylaria sp. BCC 1067","authors":"L. A. Channa Bhathiya Jayasekara , Attaporn Poonsawad , Kwanrutai Watchaputi , Songsak Wattanachaisaereekul , Nitnipa Soontorngun","doi":"10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fungi is a notable asset for drug discovery and production of pharmaceuticals; however, slow growth and poor product yields have hindered industrial utilization. Here, the mycelial biomass of <em>Xylaria</em> sp. BCC 1067 was examined in parallel with the assessment of antimicrobial properties by using media-type selection. To enhance both mycelial content and antifungal activity, the media replacement approach was successfully applied to stimulate fungal growth and successively switched to poorer malt-peptone extract media for metabolite production. This simple optimization reduced fungal cultivation time by 7 days and yielded 4-fold increased mycelial mass (32.59 g/L), with approximately 3-fold increased antifungal activity against the model yeast <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> strain. A high level of β-glucan (115.84 mg/g of cell dry weight) and additive antibacterial effect against <em>Propionibacterium acnes</em> were also reported<em>.</em> This simple strategy of culture media optimization allows for investigation of novel and rich source of health-promoting substances for effective microbial utilization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38117,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215017X22000418/pdfft?md5=8390220aeff0b350f05ce084a313c9e9&pid=1-s2.0-S2215017X22000418-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42688705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}