This study investigated the potential of using laying hens to produce rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) due to concerns about an African Horse Sickness outbreak in 2020. The hens were immunized with rabies vaccine, resulting in the production of Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibodies in their egg yolks. The study found that using polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) was the most effective method for extracting anti-rabies IgY from egg yolks in terms of amount (1.87 mg of IgY from one mL of egg yolk), purity (83 %), and cost-effectiveness. Further purification through affinity chromatography increased the purity to 95 %, as confirmed by 1D GeLC-MS/MS, showing a purity of up to 98 %. In addition, IgY extracted using PEG demonstrated the highest neutralizing activity compared to the caprylic acid and ammonium sulfate methods. It was estimated that only 8 eggs are needed to produce a vial of RIG with the same potency as equine RIG (1000 IU/vial).
{"title":"Production and evaluation of rabies immunoglobulin extracted from chicken egg yolk","authors":"Vichununt Kerdput , Vararut Yodkamol , Mattika Sookprasong , Wongsakorn Wongwadhunyoo , Iyacoob Khunsri , Promsin Masrinoul , Trong Wisedchanwet , Naphatsamon Uthailak , Yanin Limpanont , Onrapak Reamtong , Poom Adisakwattana , Charin Thawornkuno","doi":"10.1016/j.btre.2025.e00897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.btre.2025.e00897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the potential of using laying hens to produce rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) due to concerns about an African Horse Sickness outbreak in 2020. The hens were immunized with rabies vaccine, resulting in the production of Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibodies in their egg yolks. The study found that using polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) was the most effective method for extracting anti-rabies IgY from egg yolks in terms of amount (1.87 mg of IgY from one mL of egg yolk), purity (83 %), and cost-effectiveness. Further purification through affinity chromatography increased the purity to 95 %, as confirmed by 1D GeLC-MS/MS, showing a purity of up to 98 %. In addition, IgY extracted using PEG demonstrated the highest neutralizing activity compared to the caprylic acid and ammonium sulfate methods. It was estimated that only 8 eggs are needed to produce a vial of RIG with the same potency as equine RIG (1000 IU/vial).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38117,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e00897"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-06DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2025.e00896
Gamal M. El-Sherbiny, M.E. Shehata, Mohamed H. Kalaba
Antimicrobial resistance has increased alarmingly in recent years, with the World Health Organization identifying multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as a particular threat to global public health due to its extensive resistance profile and associated high mortality rates. While various metal nanoparticles have been explored as antimicrobial agents, the specific advantages of biosynthesized copper nanoparticles against MDR S. aureus remain inadequately consolidated in the literature.
Objective
This review uniquely evaluates the emerging evidence for biosynthesized copper nanoparticles as a sustainable, cost-effective, and potentially alternative to conventional antibiotics against multidrug-resistant S. aureus strains.
Methods
We systematically analyzed current literature on green synthesis methods for copper and copper oxide nanoparticles, their characterization techniques, antimicrobial mechanisms, and efficacy against multidrug-resistant S. aureus, focusing on identifying knowledge gaps and future research directions.
Results
Unlike other metal nanoparticles, biosynthesized copper nanoparticles demonstrate significant antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant S. aureus through multiple simultaneous mechanisms that bacteria try to develop resistance against. Their unique physicochemical properties enable enhanced bacterial elimination compared to conventional antibiotics and other metal nanoparticles, with minimal toxicity to mammalian cells at therapeutic concentrations. Our analysis further reveals the considerable potential of these nanoparticles to overcome existing biological barriers in infection sites that limit conventional therapies.
Conclusion
This broad assessment of biosynthesized copper nanoparticles shows strong potential as a therapy against MDR S. aureus and provides a foundation for future research to address antimicrobial resistance where current treatments fail.
{"title":"Biogenic copper and copper oxide nanoparticles to combat multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Green synthesis, mechanisms, resistance, and future perspectives","authors":"Gamal M. El-Sherbiny, M.E. Shehata, Mohamed H. Kalaba","doi":"10.1016/j.btre.2025.e00896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.btre.2025.e00896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimicrobial resistance has increased alarmingly in recent years, with the World Health Organization identifying multidrug-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> as a particular threat to global public health due to its extensive resistance profile and associated high mortality rates. While various metal nanoparticles have been explored as antimicrobial agents, the specific advantages of biosynthesized copper nanoparticles against MDR <em>S. aureus</em> remain inadequately consolidated in the literature.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This review uniquely evaluates the emerging evidence for biosynthesized copper nanoparticles as a sustainable, cost-effective, and potentially alternative to conventional antibiotics against multidrug-resistant <em>S. aureus</em> strains.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We systematically analyzed current literature on green synthesis methods for copper and copper oxide nanoparticles, their characterization techniques, antimicrobial mechanisms, and efficacy against multidrug-resistant <em>S. aureus</em>, focusing on identifying knowledge gaps and future research directions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Unlike other metal nanoparticles, biosynthesized copper nanoparticles demonstrate significant antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant <em>S. aureus</em> through multiple simultaneous mechanisms that bacteria try to develop resistance against. Their unique physicochemical properties enable enhanced bacterial elimination compared to conventional antibiotics and other metal nanoparticles, with minimal toxicity to mammalian cells at therapeutic concentrations. Our analysis further reveals the considerable potential of these nanoparticles to overcome existing biological barriers in infection sites that limit conventional therapies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This broad assessment of biosynthesized copper nanoparticles shows strong potential as a therapy against MDR <em>S. aureus</em> and provides a foundation for future research to address antimicrobial resistance where current treatments fail.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38117,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e00896"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-29DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2025.e00895
Diaa A. Marrez
The present study aimed to explore the impact of C. vulgaris aqueous and diethyl ether extracts on reducing microbial contamination and biogenic amines (BAs) formation in Ras cheese during ripening process. Phenolic profile of aqueous extract was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and compounds in ether extract were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Eleven compounds were detected in aqueous extract and catechin was the major (54.82 µg/g), while 14 compounds were detected in ether extract of which the main compounds hexadecane (14.26 %) and 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester (9.61 %). C. vulgaris aqueous and ether extracts observed antibacterial activity against seven strains of foodborne bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged from 0.33 to 1.43 mg/mL and antifungal activity against 9 strains of toxigenic fungi with MIC values from 0.42 to 1.74 mg/mL. Ras cheese treated with ether extract had the highest reduction in formation of tryptamine (93.4 %), β-phenylethylamine (86.4 %), Putrescine (88.3 %), Cadaverine (81.8 %), Histamine (62.9 %), Serotonin (92.1 %), Tyramine (87.2 %), Spermidine (80.8) and Spermine (86.8 %) compared to cheese treated with aqueous extract and control samples. Also, the microbial load (total bacterial count, yeasts and molds count, proteolytic bacterial count) in Ras cheese samples treated with C. vulgaris aqueous and diethyl ether extracts were lower than the control sample. Whereas, no growth of coliform group, Staphylococci and Salmonella were detected in treated samples and control. The microalga C. vulgaris extracts considered promising source from natural ingredients to reduce biogenic amines content and microbial load in cheese manufacturing.
{"title":"Reduction of microbial contamination and biogenic amines formation in Ras cheese using Chlorella vulgaris extracts","authors":"Diaa A. Marrez","doi":"10.1016/j.btre.2025.e00895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.btre.2025.e00895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study aimed to explore the impact of <em>C. vulgaris</em> aqueous and diethyl ether extracts on reducing microbial contamination and biogenic amines (BAs) formation in Ras cheese during ripening process. Phenolic profile of aqueous extract was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and compounds in ether extract were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Eleven compounds were detected in aqueous extract and catechin was the major (54.82 µg/g), while 14 compounds were detected in ether extract of which the main compounds hexadecane (14.26 %) and 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester (9.61 %). <em>C. vulgaris</em> aqueous and ether extracts observed antibacterial activity against seven strains of foodborne bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged from 0.33 to 1.43 mg/mL and antifungal activity against 9 strains of toxigenic fungi with MIC values from 0.42 to 1.74 mg/mL. Ras cheese treated with ether extract had the highest reduction in formation of tryptamine (93.4 %), β-phenylethylamine (86.4 %), Putrescine (88.3 %), Cadaverine (81.8 %), Histamine (62.9 %), Serotonin (92.1 %), Tyramine (87.2 %), Spermidine (80.8) and Spermine (86.8 %) compared to cheese treated with aqueous extract and control samples. Also, the microbial load (total bacterial count, yeasts and molds count, proteolytic bacterial count) in Ras cheese samples treated with <em>C. vulgaris</em> aqueous and diethyl ether extracts were lower than the control sample. Whereas, no growth of coliform group, Staphylococci and Salmonella were detected in treated samples and control. The microalga <em>C. vulgaris</em> extracts considered promising source from natural ingredients to reduce biogenic amines content and microbial load in cheese manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38117,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e00895"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-11DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2025.e00894
Abel Kolawole Oyebamiji , Sunday Adewale Akintelu , Oluwakemi Ebenezer , Faith Eniola Olujinmi , David O. Adekunle , Adesoji Alani Olanrewaju , Omowumi Temitayo Akinola , Samson Olusegun Afolabi , Ehimen Anastasia Erazua , Ayodeji Arnold Olaseinde
Background
Investigating the bioactivities of zuranolone derivatives as Type-A γ-aminobutyric acid inhibitors which will thereby down-regulate postpartum depression is considered a crucial study.
Method
This study is aimed at investigating the biochemical activities of 1-(2-((3R,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14S,17S)-3‑hydroxy-3,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-2-oxoethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile derivatives against type-A γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA A) which will thereby enhance the activity of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in human central nervous system.
Results
In this work, series of computational tools such as Spartan 14, molecular operating environment software, Gromacs and Admetsar1 were explored and the studied compounds were subjected to this software which resulted to series of results. Vacuum was observed to have highest influence on highest occupied molecular orbital (EH) of compound 1 and water as well as ethanol reduces its ability to donate electron to the nearby molecules. Also, the effect of water and ethanol were investigated on the studied compound via lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (EL) and energy gap and the results were reported appropriately. The molecular docking investigation was carried out on the studied compounds and Type-A γ-aminobutyric acid (pdb id: 4cof) and the compounds 3 with calculated binding affinity value of -7.32433319kcal/mol as well as pi-H as the non-bonding interaction were observed which therefore confirm the potential ability of compound to inhibit the target than other studied compound. Also, compound 1 and reference compound were subjected to molecular dynamic simulation study and the actual binding energy for the selected compounds were obtained and reported.
Conclusion
Our findings from this work may open door for the design of several 1-(2-((3R,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14S,17S)-3-(benzyloxy)-3,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-2-oxoethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile derivatives as potential Type-A γ-aminobutyric acid inhibitors.
{"title":"Unveiling the potential biochemical effects of selected heterocyclic compounds as human Type-A γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA A) Modulator: An Insilico Approach","authors":"Abel Kolawole Oyebamiji , Sunday Adewale Akintelu , Oluwakemi Ebenezer , Faith Eniola Olujinmi , David O. Adekunle , Adesoji Alani Olanrewaju , Omowumi Temitayo Akinola , Samson Olusegun Afolabi , Ehimen Anastasia Erazua , Ayodeji Arnold Olaseinde","doi":"10.1016/j.btre.2025.e00894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.btre.2025.e00894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Investigating the bioactivities of zuranolone derivatives as Type-A γ-aminobutyric acid inhibitors which will thereby down-regulate postpartum depression is considered a crucial study.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>This study is aimed at investigating the biochemical activities of 1-(2-((3R,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14S,17S)-3‑hydroxy-3,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-2-oxoethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile derivatives against type-A γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA A) which will thereby enhance the activity of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in human central nervous system.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In this work, series of computational tools such as Spartan 14, molecular operating environment software, Gromacs and Admetsar1 were explored and the studied compounds were subjected to this software which resulted to series of results. Vacuum was observed to have highest influence on highest occupied molecular orbital (E<sub>H</sub>) of compound 1 and water as well as ethanol reduces its ability to donate electron to the nearby molecules. Also, the effect of water and ethanol were investigated on the studied compound via lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (E<sub>L</sub>) and energy gap and the results were reported appropriately. The molecular docking investigation was carried out on the studied compounds and Type-A γ-aminobutyric acid (pdb id: 4cof) and the compounds 3 with calculated binding affinity value of -7.32433319kcal/mol as well as pi-H as the non-bonding interaction were observed which therefore confirm the potential ability of compound to inhibit the target than other studied compound. Also, compound 1 and reference compound were subjected to molecular dynamic simulation study and the actual binding energy for the selected compounds were obtained and reported.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings from this work may open door for the design of several 1-(2-((3R,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14S,17S)-3-(benzyloxy)-3,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-2-oxoethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile derivatives as potential Type-A γ-aminobutyric acid inhibitors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38117,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e00894"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quorum sensing (QS) mechanisms play an essential role in mediating several signals and plant-bacteria interactions, promoting plant growth. This study demonstrated production of multiple Homoserine lactone (HSL) molecules like C6 HSL, C7 HSL, C8 HSL, 3-Hydroxy-C8-HSL and 3-oxo-C14 HSL in rhizobial and passenger endophytes and phyllospheric bacteria which regulated production of plant growth promoting traits viz., indole acetic acid and exo-polysaccharide production, biofilm formation, and motility. Quorum quenching (QQ) molecules like salicylic acid, gallic acid, and disalicylic acid impaired these traits, but exogenous addition of QS molecules (C7HSL and 3-oxo-C14 HSL) restored these inhibitory effects of QQ compounds. The pot culture experiment revealed that the treatment involving Methylobacterium populi TMV7–4 or Enterobacter cloacae S23 with salicylic acid, C7HSL and 3-oxo-C14 HSL significantly enhanced plant growth including root length, nodulation, pod formation, soil available nutrients and plant nutrients uptake. In future field validation is required for the use of QS molecules in improving groundnut production.
{"title":"Rhizobial, passenger nodule endophytes and phyllosphere bacteria in combination with acyl homoserine lactones enhances the growth and yield of groundnut","authors":"Sivakumar Madhan , Yuvasri Errakutty Arunan , Anandham Rangasamy , Balachandar Dananjeyan , Johnson Iruthayasamy , Manimaran Gajendiran , Krishnamoorthy Ramasamy , Raghu Rajasekaran , Vincent Saminathan","doi":"10.1016/j.btre.2025.e00893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.btre.2025.e00893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quorum sensing (QS) mechanisms play an essential role in mediating several signals and plant-bacteria interactions, promoting plant growth. This study demonstrated production of multiple Homoserine lactone (HSL) molecules like C6 HSL, C7 HSL, C8 HSL, 3-Hydroxy-C8-HSL and 3-oxo-C14 HSL in rhizobial and passenger endophytes and phyllospheric bacteria which regulated production of plant growth promoting traits <em>viz.,</em> indole acetic acid and exo-polysaccharide production, biofilm formation, and motility. Quorum quenching (QQ) molecules like salicylic acid, gallic acid, and disalicylic acid impaired these traits, but exogenous addition of QS molecules (C7HSL and 3-oxo-C14 HSL) restored these inhibitory effects of QQ compounds. The pot culture experiment revealed that the treatment involving <em>Methylobacterium populi</em> TMV7–4 or <em>Enterobacter cloacae</em> S23 with salicylic acid, C7HSL and 3-oxo-C14 HSL significantly enhanced plant growth including root length, nodulation, pod formation, soil available nutrients and plant nutrients uptake. In future field validation is required for the use of QS molecules in improving groundnut production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38117,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e00893"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work focuses on the partial reduction of a hot biochar by a hot syngas coming out of the partial oxidation zone in the Ariane® pyrolysis prototype. The patented geometry of this pyrolyser, with separate pyrolysis and partial oxidation zones, enables easy management of biochar and syngas flows. The aim is to increase the specific surface area of the biochar to achieve more agronomic specifications, while maintaining a high carbon content in the biochar. The experimental implementation of this partial reduction is achieved by adding a partial reduction zone at the bottom of the reactor, enabling direct contact between biochar and syngas. This part now enables biochar and syngas streams to be mixed in a high-temperature zone (). The addition of this part increased the specific surface area of the biochar by and preserved the carbon content of the biochar regardless of the biomass flow rate. Around of the carbon in the biochar is consumed by the reduction and transferred from the biochar to the syngas. The syngas is thus enriched in particular in and and depleted in , which opens up a wider range of development opportunities for this gas (biomethane, biohydrogen, biokerosene, cogeneration, etc.). Thanks to this activation method, a better compromise has been achieved (compared with the previous version of the prototype) between quality (specific surface area and carbon content) and quantity of biochar produced (anhydrous yield).
{"title":"In-situ partial reduction of biochar by overlaying a syngas stream","authors":"Valentin Chataigner , Dominique Tarlet , François Ricoul , Jérôme Bellettre","doi":"10.1016/j.btre.2025.e00892","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.btre.2025.e00892","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work focuses on the partial reduction of a hot biochar by a hot syngas coming out of the partial oxidation zone in the Ariane® pyrolysis prototype. The patented geometry of this pyrolyser, with separate pyrolysis and partial oxidation zones, enables easy management of biochar and syngas flows. The aim is to increase the specific surface area of the biochar to achieve more agronomic specifications, while maintaining a high carbon content in the biochar. The experimental implementation of this partial reduction is achieved by adding a partial reduction zone at the bottom of the reactor, enabling direct contact between biochar and syngas. This part now enables biochar and syngas streams to be mixed in a high-temperature zone (<span><math><mrow><mo>></mo><msup><mn>500</mn><mo>∘</mo></msup><mi>C</mi></mrow></math></span>). The addition of this part increased the specific surface area of the biochar by <span><math><mrow><mn>250</mn><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>/</mo><mi>g</mi></mrow></math></span> and preserved the carbon content of the biochar regardless of the biomass flow rate. Around <span><math><mrow><mn>20</mn><mspace></mspace><mo>%</mo></mrow></math></span> of the carbon in the biochar is consumed by the reduction and transferred from the biochar to the syngas. The syngas is thus enriched in particular in <span><math><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> and depleted in <span><math><mrow><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>4</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>, which opens up a wider range of development opportunities for this gas (biomethane, biohydrogen, biokerosene, cogeneration, etc.). Thanks to this activation method, a better compromise has been achieved (compared with the previous version of the prototype) between quality (specific surface area and carbon content) and quantity of biochar produced (anhydrous yield).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38117,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e00892"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2025.e00891
Lucía Morote , Cristian Martínez Martínez Fajardo , María Mondéjar López , Elena Moreno-Gimenez , Ángela Rubio-Moraga , Olivia Costantina Demurtas , Gianfranco Diretto , Enrique Niza , Verónica Aragonés , Alberto López Jiménez , José-Antonio Daròs , Oussama Ahrazem , Lourdes Gómez-Gómez
Crocins are potent antioxidants with significant therapeutic potential, exhibiting anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antidepressant properties. The ornamental plant Crocos-mia x crocosmiiflora is widely cultivated for its aromatic and vibrant flowers. In this study, we identified unique crocins as the primary pigments responsible for the flower's coloration. These metabolites predominantly consist of molecules with eight glucose units, followed by crocins containing six and seven glucose units. To elucidate the mo-lecular mechanisms underlying crocin biosynthesis in C. x crocosmiiflora, tran-scriptomic analysis was performed to identify key carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) genes. Using Crocus sativus CsCCD2L gene as a bait, we identified a CCD transcript from the transcriptome data. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the identified CCD belongs to the CCD2 subfamily, and it was designated as CroCCD2. Functional characterization of CroCCD2 was carried out using bacterial expression systems and Nicotiana benthamiana plants with a virus-mediated expression system. These experiments demonstrated that CroCCD2 efficiently converts the precursor zeaxanthin into crocetin, a key intermediate in crocin biosynthesis. Furthermore, we investigated the bioactivity of crocins and discovered that their anti-inflammatory effects depend on their vehiculation within exosomes or liposomes. This suggests that the transport mechanism is critical for the biological activity of crocins. Our findings highlight the specialization of CCD subfamilies in monocots and dicots for crocin biosynthesis and provide evidence of the anti-inflammatory activity of exosome-transported crocins. This study establishes a foundation for further research into the metabolic network of crocins in C. x crocosmiiflora and suggests that the CroCCD2 gene could be introduced into other crop plants to produce these bioactive apocarotenoids.
{"title":"Montbretia flowers as a source of bioactive crocins: Biotechnology tools and delivery systems","authors":"Lucía Morote , Cristian Martínez Martínez Fajardo , María Mondéjar López , Elena Moreno-Gimenez , Ángela Rubio-Moraga , Olivia Costantina Demurtas , Gianfranco Diretto , Enrique Niza , Verónica Aragonés , Alberto López Jiménez , José-Antonio Daròs , Oussama Ahrazem , Lourdes Gómez-Gómez","doi":"10.1016/j.btre.2025.e00891","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.btre.2025.e00891","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crocins are potent antioxidants with significant therapeutic potential, exhibiting anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antidepressant properties. The ornamental plant <em>Crocos-mia x crocosmiiflora</em> is widely cultivated for its aromatic and vibrant flowers. In this study, we identified unique crocins as the primary pigments responsible for the flower's coloration. These metabolites predominantly consist of molecules with eight glucose units, followed by crocins containing six and seven glucose units. To elucidate the mo-lecular mechanisms underlying crocin biosynthesis in <em>C. x crocosmiiflora</em>, tran-scriptomic analysis was performed to identify key carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) genes. Using <em>Crocus sativus</em> CsCCD2L gene as a bait, we identified a CCD transcript from the transcriptome data. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the identified CCD belongs to the CCD2 subfamily, and it was designated as CroCCD2. Functional characterization of CroCCD2 was carried out using bacterial expression systems and <em>Nicotiana benthamiana</em> plants with a virus-mediated expression system. These experiments demonstrated that CroCCD2 efficiently converts the precursor zeaxanthin into crocetin, a key intermediate in crocin biosynthesis. Furthermore, we investigated the bioactivity of crocins and discovered that their anti-inflammatory effects depend on their vehiculation within exosomes or liposomes. This suggests that the transport mechanism is critical for the biological activity of crocins. Our findings highlight the specialization of CCD subfamilies in monocots and dicots for crocin biosynthesis and provide evidence of the anti-inflammatory activity of exosome-transported crocins. This study establishes a foundation for further research into the metabolic network of crocins in <em>C. x crocosmiiflora</em> and suggests that the CroCCD2 gene could be introduced into other crop plants to produce these bioactive apocarotenoids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38117,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e00891"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2025.e00890
Khadija Malik, Ashja Iftikhar, Quratulain Maqsood, Muhammad Rizwan Tariq, Shinawar Waseem Ali
Soil pollution causes many harmful effects by its contaminants or pollutants, which are known as soil pollutants. They are causing serious problems in plants as well as in humans. By entering into plants, harmful chemicals become part of the food chain. When humans consume contaminated food, it has harmful effects on human health. Pollutants are making soil unfit for living. Many techniques are being used for the remediation of soil pollution. Some are traditional techniques; some are innovative and effective as emerging science and technology are going on. In this review, we have discussed some significant methods, their aspects, and how they are playing their role in the remediation. Biological methods such as living organisms, chemical, and genetic manipulation are modern techniques that are being used for soil pollution remediation. Genetic manipulations sometimes change the enzyme processes, which enhance the whole activity by changing some of the proteins of organisms related to enzymes. Pollution remediation can be done by the process of bio-augmentation, which uses different types of strains of microbes for treatment. As there is an increase in the formation of OH compounds, advanced oxidation technologies are being introduced to treat them. Trace metals and heavy metals are also a big problem for soil pollution, which can be treated by phytoremediation techniques that use many different strategies. Nanoparticles are also being used for the treatment of compounds like nitrates, manganese, arsenic, etc. This review will guide you through the different technologies for soil pollution remediation.
{"title":"Cleaner horizons: Exploring advanced technologies for pollution remediation","authors":"Khadija Malik, Ashja Iftikhar, Quratulain Maqsood, Muhammad Rizwan Tariq, Shinawar Waseem Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.btre.2025.e00890","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.btre.2025.e00890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil pollution causes many harmful effects by its contaminants or pollutants, which are known as soil pollutants. They are causing serious problems in plants as well as in humans. By entering into plants, harmful chemicals become part of the food chain. When humans consume contaminated food, it has harmful effects on human health. Pollutants are making soil unfit for living. Many techniques are being used for the remediation of soil pollution. Some are traditional techniques; some are innovative and effective as emerging science and technology are going on. In this review, we have discussed some significant methods, their aspects, and how they are playing their role in the remediation. Biological methods such as living organisms, chemical, and genetic manipulation are modern techniques that are being used for soil pollution remediation. Genetic manipulations sometimes change the enzyme processes, which enhance the whole activity by changing some of the proteins of organisms related to enzymes. Pollution remediation can be done by the process of bio-augmentation, which uses different types of strains of microbes for treatment. As there is an increase in the formation of OH compounds, advanced oxidation technologies are being introduced to treat them. Trace metals and heavy metals are also a big problem for soil pollution, which can be treated by phytoremediation techniques that use many different strategies. Nanoparticles are also being used for the treatment of compounds like nitrates, manganese, arsenic, etc. This review will guide you through the different technologies for soil pollution remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38117,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e00890"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human interleukin-15 (hIL-15) is a cytokine essential for immune modulation with therapeutic applications in cancer and chronic wound healing. Although hIL-15 is commercially available, large-scale production studies remain limited. With promising clinical trial results, demand for hIL-15 is expected to rise. Plant expression systems offer a sustainable, low-cost alternative for rapid biopharmaceutical production. In this study, we optimized hIL-15 expression in Nicotiana benthamiana and assessed its physicochemical properties and biological activity. We fused hIL-15 to the Fc domain of human IgG1 for efficient purification. Through optimization of the pre- and post-infiltration conditions, we achieved transient expression and recovery at 4 dpi, yielding 33.8 µg/g fresh weight. Peptide mapping confirmed 97 % overall sequence coverage of the primary structure. Treatment with plant-produced hIL-15-Fc effectively promoted human keratinocyte HaCaT cell proliferation and migration in vitro. These findings demonstrated the potential of plant-based platforms for producing therapeutic recombinant hIL-15 that support wound healing.
{"title":"Optimized expression of human interleukin-15 in Nicotiana benthamiana and in vitro assessment of its activity on human keratinocytes","authors":"Chalatorn Charnsatabut , Pipob Suwanchaikasem , Kaewta Rattanapisit , Iksen Iksen , Varisa Pongrakhananon , Christine Joy I. Bulaon , Waranyoo Phoolcharoen","doi":"10.1016/j.btre.2025.e00889","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.btre.2025.e00889","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human interleukin-15 (hIL-15) is a cytokine essential for immune modulation with therapeutic applications in cancer and chronic wound healing. Although hIL-15 is commercially available, large-scale production studies remain limited. With promising clinical trial results, demand for hIL-15 is expected to rise. Plant expression systems offer a sustainable, low-cost alternative for rapid biopharmaceutical production. In this study, we optimized hIL-15 expression in <em>Nicotiana benthamiana</em> and assessed its physicochemical properties and biological activity. We fused hIL-15 to the Fc domain of human IgG1 for efficient purification. Through optimization of the pre- and post-infiltration conditions, we achieved transient expression and recovery at 4 dpi, yielding 33.8 µg/g fresh weight. Peptide mapping confirmed 97 % overall sequence coverage of the primary structure. Treatment with plant-produced hIL-15-Fc effectively promoted human keratinocyte HaCaT cell proliferation and migration <em>in vitro</em>. These findings demonstrated the potential of plant-based platforms for producing therapeutic recombinant hIL-15 that support wound healing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38117,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e00889"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-21DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2025.e00888
Shabeer Ahmad Dar , Ishfaq Shafi Khan , Gousia Majeed , Sumira Tyub , Irshad Ahmad Nawchoo , Azra Nahaid Kamili
Atropa acuminata Royle ex Lindl. a member of the solanaceae family is a critically endangered medicinal herb indigenous to the Himalayan region of Kashmir and revered for its therapeutic and economic significance. Ethyl Methanesulfonate (EMS), a chemical mutagen, is commonly used to induce mutations for plant breeding and research purposes. In this study, callus cultures derived from leaf explants of A. acuminata were cultivated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with Thidiazuron (0.1 mg/l) and treated with varying concentrations of EMS (0.1%, 1.0%) over defined time intervals. The impact of EMS concentrations and exposure durations, as well as their interactions, on the characteristics of regenerated callus were rigorously examined. The proliferation of shoots exhibited a diminishing trend with escalating EMS concentrations. Additionally, EMS elicited substantial alterations in the morphological and physiological attributes of the regenerated plants. Among the fifteen traits evaluated, mutant lines designated as M10, M11, and M6 displayed the most pronounced variations in morphological and physiological parameters compared to the control. Notably, the mutant line M10 exhibited significantly elevated shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents demonstrating up to 98%, 31%, 348%, and 642% enhancements respectively as compared to the control. These mutant lines hold promise for further exploitation in augmenting physiological characteristics and enhancing the yield and quality of terpene glycosides in A. acuminata.
火龙果（Atropa acuminata Royle ex Lindl）。茄科的一员，是一种极度濒危的草药，原产于克什米尔的喜马拉雅地区，因其治疗和经济意义而受到尊敬。甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）是一种化学诱变剂，通常用于植物育种和研究目的的诱变。在本研究中，将刺荆叶片外植体的愈伤组织培养于Murashige和Skoog （MS）培养基上，外加0.1 mg/l的噻脲（Thidiazuron），并在规定的时间间隔内用不同浓度的EMS（0.1%、1.0%）处理。研究了EMS浓度、暴露时间及其相互作用对愈伤组织再生特性的影响。随着EMS浓度的升高，新梢的增殖呈减少趋势。此外，EMS引起了再生植株形态和生理特性的实质性改变。在15个性状中，M10、M11和M6突变系在形态和生理参数上的变化最为显著。值得注意的是，突变系M10的茎干重、根鲜重、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量均显著高于对照，分别提高了98%、31%、348%和642%。这些突变品系在改善荆芥生理特性、提高萜类苷产量和品质方面有进一步开发的希望。
{"title":"Chemical-induced variations in callus regenerated Atropa acuminata plants: A study on Ethyl Methanesulfonate effects","authors":"Shabeer Ahmad Dar , Ishfaq Shafi Khan , Gousia Majeed , Sumira Tyub , Irshad Ahmad Nawchoo , Azra Nahaid Kamili","doi":"10.1016/j.btre.2025.e00888","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.btre.2025.e00888","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Atropa acuminata</em> Royle ex Lindl. a member of the solanaceae family is a critically endangered medicinal herb indigenous to the Himalayan region of Kashmir and revered for its therapeutic and economic significance. Ethyl Methanesulfonate (EMS), a chemical mutagen, is commonly used to induce mutations for plant breeding and research purposes. In this study, callus cultures derived from leaf explants of <em>A. acuminata</em> were cultivated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with Thidiazuron (0.1 mg/l) and treated with varying concentrations of EMS (0.1%, 1.0%) over defined time intervals. The impact of EMS concentrations and exposure durations, as well as their interactions, on the characteristics of regenerated callus were rigorously examined. The proliferation of shoots exhibited a diminishing trend with escalating EMS concentrations. Additionally, EMS elicited substantial alterations in the morphological and physiological attributes of the regenerated plants. Among the fifteen traits evaluated, mutant lines designated as M10, M11, and M6 displayed the most pronounced variations in morphological and physiological parameters compared to the control. Notably, the mutant line M10 exhibited significantly elevated shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents demonstrating up to 98%, 31%, 348%, and 642% enhancements respectively as compared to the control. These mutant lines hold promise for further exploitation in augmenting physiological characteristics and enhancing the yield and quality of terpene glycosides in <em>A. acuminata</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38117,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e00888"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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