Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.12681/historein.32598
María Ángela Cenarro Lagunas
The aim of this article is to explore the origins of social and health protection for mothers and children in the first half of the twentieth century in Spain, with particular attention to the continuities and ruptures that occurred in the notions, practices and entanglements between the state and the various collective agents involved in these campaigns. The Civil War (1936-1939) and the origins of Francoism provide an opportunity to analyse the transition from a liberal democratic framework to an authoritarian one. In a context of the dismantling of civil society, the Falange Women's Section played an exceptional role as a collaborating agent in the application and dissemination of Franco's welfare provisions. It imposed a model of political discipline and specialised training for visiting nurses and educators that generated dynamics of female professional promotion and left its mark on welfare practices.
{"title":"Motherhood and Childcare","authors":"María Ángela Cenarro Lagunas","doi":"10.12681/historein.32598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/historein.32598","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to explore the origins of social and health protection for mothers and children in the first half of the twentieth century in Spain, with particular attention to the continuities and ruptures that occurred in the notions, practices and entanglements between the state and the various collective agents involved in these campaigns. The Civil War (1936-1939) and the origins of Francoism provide an opportunity to analyse the transition from a liberal democratic framework to an authoritarian one. In a context of the dismantling of civil society, the Falange Women's Section played an exceptional role as a collaborating agent in the application and dissemination of Franco's welfare provisions. It imposed a model of political discipline and specialised training for visiting nurses and educators that generated dynamics of female professional promotion and left its mark on welfare practices.","PeriodicalId":38128,"journal":{"name":"Historein","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140701991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.12681/historein.32564
Sonja Matter
In Switzerland single mothers, especially from the working class, were rarely able to support themselves and their children as a result of widespread discrimination against women in the labor market throughout the 20th century. Focusing on the case records of the social welfare of the city of Bern from the 1930s to 1950s, the article examines to what extent single mothers benefited from a ‘mixed economy of welfare’. The article points out that after the Second World War, social welfare measures were expanded with the introduction of widows’ and survivors’ insurance and the establishment of family allowances. While these new social insurance schemes undoubtedly brought improvements, the article shows that single mothers continued to experience practices of social exclusions. Especially, the combination of welfare dependency on the one hand, and guardianship measures on the other, often resulted in the out-of-home placement of the children of single mothers.
{"title":"No Right to Family Life? Single Mothers and their Children in a “Mixed Economy of Welfare” in Switzerland, 1930s–1950s","authors":"Sonja Matter","doi":"10.12681/historein.32564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/historein.32564","url":null,"abstract":"In Switzerland single mothers, especially from the working class, were rarely able to support themselves and their children as a result of widespread discrimination against women in the labor market throughout the 20th century. Focusing on the case records of the social welfare of the city of Bern from the 1930s to 1950s, the article examines to what extent single mothers benefited from a ‘mixed economy of welfare’. The article points out that after the Second World War, social welfare measures were expanded with the introduction of widows’ and survivors’ insurance and the establishment of family allowances. While these new social insurance schemes undoubtedly brought improvements, the article shows that single mothers continued to experience practices of social exclusions. Especially, the combination of welfare dependency on the one hand, and guardianship measures on the other, often resulted in the out-of-home placement of the children of single mothers.","PeriodicalId":38128,"journal":{"name":"Historein","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140700016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.12681/historein.32108
D. Kritsotaki
The late 1970s and the 1980s were a time of political and social change in Greece, following the collapse of the seven-year military dictatorship, as well as a time of rupture in mental healthcare: new approaches were being developed, including those implemented by the Society of Social Psychiatry and Mental Health, a voluntary, nonprofit scientific association, founded in 1981 (officially in 1986). This article places the initiatives undertaken by the society within the international context of postwar mental healthcare, and within the national postdictatorship framework. It uses the analytical concept of the “mixed economy of welfare”, demonstrating that the society’s work was based on the synergy between the private and the public. Furthermore, the article discusses how concepts of gender were embedded in and shaped by the work of the society in the 1980s, arguing that the society reproduced the traditional gender hierarchies of the mental health field while reworking the hierarchies within its personnel – psychiatrists and other professionals, experts and nonexperts, and, by extension, to some degree at least, men and women mental healthcare providers.
{"title":"Gender and Expertise in the Mixed Economy of Mental Welfare in Greece","authors":"D. Kritsotaki","doi":"10.12681/historein.32108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/historein.32108","url":null,"abstract":"The late 1970s and the 1980s were a time of political and social change in Greece, following the collapse of the seven-year military dictatorship, as well as a time of rupture in mental healthcare: new approaches were being developed, including those implemented by the Society of Social Psychiatry and Mental Health, a voluntary, nonprofit scientific association, founded in 1981 (officially in 1986). This article places the initiatives undertaken by the society within the international context of postwar mental healthcare, and within the national postdictatorship framework. It uses the analytical concept of the “mixed economy of welfare”, demonstrating that the society’s work was based on the synergy between the private and the public. Furthermore, the article discusses how concepts of gender were embedded in and shaped by the work of the society in the 1980s, arguing that the society reproduced the traditional gender hierarchies of the mental health field while reworking the hierarchies within its personnel – psychiatrists and other professionals, experts and nonexperts, and, by extension, to some degree at least, men and women mental healthcare providers.","PeriodicalId":38128,"journal":{"name":"Historein","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140698866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.12681/historein.30694
Athina Syriatou
Review of Loukianos Hassiotis, “Γεια σας, εγγλεζάκια!” Βρετανοί στρατιώτες στην Ελλάδα (1941–1945) [Welcome, English lads! British soldiers in Greece, 1941–1945]. Athens: Metaixmio, 2019. 392 pp.
{"title":"Loukianos Hassiotis, “Γεια σας, εγγλεζάκια!” Βρετανοί στρατιώτες στην Ελλάδα (1941–1945) [Welcome, English lads! British soldiers in Greece, 1941–1945]","authors":"Athina Syriatou","doi":"10.12681/historein.30694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/historein.30694","url":null,"abstract":"Review of Loukianos Hassiotis, “Γεια σας, εγγλεζάκια!” Βρετανοί στρατιώτες στην Ελλάδα (1941–1945) [Welcome, English lads! British soldiers in Greece, 1941–1945]. Athens: Metaixmio, 2019. 392 pp.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":38128,"journal":{"name":"Historein","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140703767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.12681/historein.35427
G. Gotsis
Review of Niels Kærgård, ed., Market, Ethics and Religion: The Market and its Limitations. Cham: Springer, 2023. viii+303 pp.
评论 Niels Kærgård 主编的《市场、伦理与宗教》：市场及其限制》。Cham：viii+303 pp.
{"title":"Niels Kærgård, ed., Market, Ethics and Religion: The Market and its Limitations","authors":"G. Gotsis","doi":"10.12681/historein.35427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/historein.35427","url":null,"abstract":"Review of Niels Kærgård, ed., Market, Ethics and Religion: The Market and its Limitations. Cham: Springer, 2023. viii+303 pp.","PeriodicalId":38128,"journal":{"name":"Historein","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140700894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.12681/historein.27166
Xenia Eleftheriou
Review of Zeta Papandreou, Τραυματική μνήμη και δημόσια ιστορία: Δίστομο 1944–2018 [Traumatic memory and public history: Distomo, 1944–2018]. Athens: Taxideftis, 2018. 488 pp.
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.12681/historein.30301
Katia Papandreopoulou
The study examines the artistic production of the early twentieth century in Greece in the light of the transnational approach. The static myths prevalent in the historiography of Greek art in the twentieth century are revised through the study of the circulation of artists, sources, exchanges, connections, or resistances, as well as local or international participation in exhibitions regarding this period. The study of the case of the International Exhibition of Athens, including its curation and the artists who entered it, that took place in the Zappeion Megaron in 1903, proves that the Greek artistic production of the period was not marginal and belated. On the contrary, Athens, a periphery with particular geographical and cultural dynamics, interacted with the Mediterranean and the Balkans, highlighted its own networks and routes, thus managing to function as a crossroads of innovations and traditions of the wider region at the beginning of the twentieth century.
{"title":"Transnationalism in the Field of Art in Greece","authors":"Katia Papandreopoulou","doi":"10.12681/historein.30301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/historein.30301","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines the artistic production of the early twentieth century in Greece in the light of the transnational approach. The static myths prevalent in the historiography of Greek art in the twentieth century are revised through the study of the circulation of artists, sources, exchanges, connections, or resistances, as well as local or international participation in exhibitions regarding this period. The study of the case of the International Exhibition of Athens, including its curation and the artists who entered it, that took place in the Zappeion Megaron in 1903, proves that the Greek artistic production of the period was not marginal and belated. On the contrary, Athens, a periphery with particular geographical and cultural dynamics, interacted with the Mediterranean and the Balkans, highlighted its own networks and routes, thus managing to function as a crossroads of innovations and traditions of the wider region at the beginning of the twentieth century.","PeriodicalId":38128,"journal":{"name":"Historein","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46694501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.12681/historein.26287
Eleftheria Papastefanaki, Christos Papathanasiou, N. Vafeas, Harris Athanasiades
This study explores the concept of the new socialist person as it emerges from the pages of interwar Soviet readers for Grecophone populations. It focuses on the modifications the concept underwent to meet conjunctural needs and in the context of the social, political, ideological and economic changes in the USSR and the politics of the communist parties. The building of the new socialist person involved a renegotiation of identity markers such as gender and nationality, which were subordinated to a labour-centred picture. Accordingly, the new citizen identity was defined in terms of participation in the fulfilment of production targets, socialist emulation, defence of the socialist homeland and political participation in Communist Party organisations as mediated by the personality cult and total respect for hierarchy.
{"title":"Building the New Socialist Person","authors":"Eleftheria Papastefanaki, Christos Papathanasiou, N. Vafeas, Harris Athanasiades","doi":"10.12681/historein.26287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/historein.26287","url":null,"abstract":" This study explores the concept of the new socialist person as it emerges from the pages of interwar Soviet readers for Grecophone populations. It focuses on the modifications the concept underwent to meet conjunctural needs and in the context of the social, political, ideological and economic changes in the USSR and the politics of the communist parties. The building of the new socialist person involved a renegotiation of identity markers such as gender and nationality, which were subordinated to a labour-centred picture. Accordingly, the new citizen identity was defined in terms of participation in the fulfilment of production targets, socialist emulation, defence of the socialist homeland and political participation in Communist Party organisations as mediated by the personality cult and total respect for hierarchy.","PeriodicalId":38128,"journal":{"name":"Historein","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43690689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.12681/historein.26478
Theodoros Pelekanidis
The article highlights the parallels between the historiographical narratives developed in Greece and Estonia in recent decades on the existentially vital events of the 1940s. It shows that, despite the different and even antithetical political directions the two countries took during the Cold War, similar patterns may be observed. By examining these patterns, we can identify the similarities in the evolution of their historical consciousness and arrive at conclusions concerning the impact of political change in the public historiographical consciousness and the subsequent impact of this constructed consciousness on new political directions.
{"title":"Enemies and Heroes","authors":"Theodoros Pelekanidis","doi":"10.12681/historein.26478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/historein.26478","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the parallels between the historiographical narratives developed in Greece and Estonia in recent decades on the existentially vital events of the 1940s. It shows that, despite the different and even antithetical political directions the two countries took during the Cold War, similar patterns may be observed. By examining these patterns, we can identify the similarities in the evolution of their historical consciousness and arrive at conclusions concerning the impact of political change in the public historiographical consciousness and the subsequent impact of this constructed consciousness on new political directions.","PeriodicalId":38128,"journal":{"name":"Historein","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45451326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.12681/historein.30430
Kostas Tsiambaos, Christos-Georgios Kritikos
Although the Greek origins of Marseille were never questioned, the actual presence of its Greek past was hardly obvious in the image of the city. However, the Greek “memory” of the city had been kept alive throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Keeping in mind that a growing number of Greeks had begun to settle in Marseille already during the late eighteenth century, leading to the gradual establishment of a vibrant Greek community, we will question the role of that community in the discourse on the ancient Greek origins of Marseille. The ways both Greeks and French reconstructed the city’s Greek heritage in the most ancient French city can provide further insight into how memory and identity intersect across languages, ideas, origins, expressions, projections and representations connecting France and Greece in modern times.
{"title":"Ancient Greece in Modern Marseille","authors":"Kostas Tsiambaos, Christos-Georgios Kritikos","doi":"10.12681/historein.30430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/historein.30430","url":null,"abstract":"Although the Greek origins of Marseille were never questioned, the actual presence of its Greek past was hardly obvious in the image of the city. However, the Greek “memory” of the city had been kept alive throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Keeping in mind that a growing number of Greeks had begun to settle in Marseille already during the late eighteenth century, leading to the gradual establishment of a vibrant Greek community, we will question the role of that community in the discourse on the ancient Greek origins of Marseille. The ways both Greeks and French reconstructed the city’s Greek heritage in the most ancient French city can provide further insight into how memory and identity intersect across languages, ideas, origins, expressions, projections and representations connecting France and Greece in modern times.","PeriodicalId":38128,"journal":{"name":"Historein","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48148989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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