Pub Date : 2025-12-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106598
Chao Bai , Huanting Bai , Tuo Wang , Mingming Ta , Yanyan An , Yanzhong Zhen
Background
: Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have emerged as critical environmental contaminants. Carbamazepine (CBZ), a refractory psychotropic drug, has been designated a priority pollutant in aquatic systems.
Methods
: In this study, an electro-activated peroxydisulfate PDS with CoFe2O4 cathode (CFO) was conducted. The E-CFO-PDS process exhibited superior oxidation ability for pollutants.
Significant findings
: The E-CFO-PDS process achieved 91.82% carbamazepine (CBZ,10 mg L−1) removal with 100 mA, 5 mM PDS, demonstrating superior oxidative performance toward diverse contaminants. Quenching experiments revealed the synergistic roles of radical (•OH, ) and non-radical (1O2, electron-transfer) pathways in CBZ degradation, with respective contributions of 53.84%, 19.12%, 19.76%, and 7.28%. Density functional theory (DFT) and electrochemical characterization indicated that electric field can reconstruct the electronic structure of CFO, significantly enhance the adsorption energy of PDS, and promote the dual functionalization of Fe and Co sites, thereby improving the mass transfer efficiency. In addition, the cycle experiments, effect of inorganic anions and water background also suggest the E-CFO-PDS process is a stable method for pollutants degradation.
背景：药品和个人护理产品（PPCPs）已成为重要的环境污染物。卡马西平（Carbamazepine， CBZ）是一种难治性精神药物，已被列为水生系统的优先污染物。方法：采用CoFe2O4阴极（CFO）制备电活化过硫酸氢盐PDS。E-CFO-PDS工艺对污染物具有良好的氧化能力。重要发现：在100 mA， 5 mM PDS条件下，E-CFO-PDS工艺对卡马西平（CBZ,10 mg L−1）的去除率为91.82%，对多种污染物表现出优异的氧化性能。猝灭实验表明，自由基（•OH、SO4•−）和非自由基（1O2、电子转移）途径对CBZ的降解具有协同作用，贡献分别为53.84%、19.12%、19.76%和7.28%。密度泛函理论（DFT）和电化学表征表明，电场可以重构CFO的电子结构，显著增强PDS的吸附能，促进Fe和Co位点的双官能化，从而提高传质效率。此外，循环实验、无机阴离子和水背景的影响也表明，E-CFO-PDS工艺是一种稳定的污染物降解方法。
{"title":"Electro-activation of peroxydisulfate via CoFe2O4-based cathode: Insights into electronic structure regulation","authors":"Chao Bai , Huanting Bai , Tuo Wang , Mingming Ta , Yanyan An , Yanzhong Zhen","doi":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><strong>:</strong> Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have emerged as critical environmental contaminants. Carbamazepine (CBZ), a refractory psychotropic drug, has been designated a priority pollutant in aquatic systems.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><strong>:</strong> In this study, an electro-activated peroxydisulfate PDS with CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> cathode (CFO) was conducted. The E-CFO-PDS process exhibited superior oxidation ability for pollutants.</div></div><div><h3>Significant findings</h3><div><strong>:</strong> The E-CFO-PDS process achieved 91.82% carbamazepine (CBZ,10 mg L<sup>−1</sup>) removal with 100 mA, 5 mM PDS, demonstrating superior oxidative performance toward diverse contaminants. Quenching experiments revealed the synergistic roles of radical (•OH, <span><math><msubsup><mtext>SO</mtext><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>•</mo><mo>−</mo></mrow></msubsup></math></span>) and non-radical (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>, electron-transfer) pathways in CBZ degradation, with respective contributions of 53.84%, 19.12%, 19.76%, and 7.28%. Density functional theory (DFT) and electrochemical characterization indicated that electric field can reconstruct the electronic structure of CFO, significantly enhance the adsorption energy of PDS, and promote the dual functionalization of Fe and Co sites, thereby improving the mass transfer efficiency. In addition, the cycle experiments, effect of inorganic anions and water background also suggest the E-CFO-PDS process is a stable method for pollutants degradation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106598"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106595
Khaled Alnamasi , Fadl A. Essa
Background
Enhancing the productivity of solar stills is crucial for sustainable freshwater production. While various enhancements exist, a holistic 4E (Energy, Exergy, Economic, Environmental) assessment of hybrid systems combining multiple techniques is lacking.
Methods
This study investigates a tubular solar still (TSS) enhanced through three synergistic strategies: absorber geometry optimization (flat, finned, corrugated), integration of capillary wicks (jute, cotton, silk), and addition of thermal storage materials (gravel, black sand, paraffin wax). The systems were experimentally evaluated and compared using a comprehensive 4E analysis framework.
Significant Findings
The corrugated absorber (CrTSS) outperformed other geometries, achieving a 43 % thermal efficiency. Integrating a jute wick further increased efficiency to 49%. The hybrid CrTSS-Jute-Paraffin Wax configuration yielded the highest performance: a daily production of 7650 mL/m² (131 % improvement over conventional TSS), 58 % thermal efficiency, and 3.0 % exergy efficiency. Economically, this hybrid system reduced water production cost by 88 % to $0.020/L. Environmentally, it achieved a high cumulative energy payback ratio of 27.0 and mitigated 11,920 kg of CO₂ over its lifespan. This study demonstrates that combining design modifications with a 4E evaluation framework leads to highly efficient, viable, and sustainable solar desalination systems.
{"title":"4E study for enhancing the performance of tubular solar still via different absorbers, various capillary fabrics, and thermal storage materials","authors":"Khaled Alnamasi , Fadl A. Essa","doi":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Enhancing the productivity of solar stills is crucial for sustainable freshwater production. While various enhancements exist, a holistic 4E (Energy, Exergy, Economic, Environmental) assessment of hybrid systems combining multiple techniques is lacking.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study investigates a tubular solar still (TSS) enhanced through three synergistic strategies: absorber geometry optimization (flat, finned, corrugated), integration of capillary wicks (jute, cotton, silk), and addition of thermal storage materials (gravel, black sand, paraffin wax). The systems were experimentally evaluated and compared using a comprehensive 4E analysis framework.</div></div><div><h3>Significant Findings</h3><div>The corrugated absorber (CrTSS) outperformed other geometries, achieving a 43 % thermal efficiency. Integrating a jute wick further increased efficiency to 49%. The hybrid CrTSS-Jute-Paraffin Wax configuration yielded the highest performance: a daily production of 7650 mL/m² (131 % improvement over conventional TSS), 58 % thermal efficiency, and 3.0 % exergy efficiency. Economically, this hybrid system reduced water production cost by 88 % to $0.020/L. Environmentally, it achieved a high cumulative energy payback ratio of 27.0 and mitigated 11,920 kg of CO₂ over its lifespan. This study demonstrates that combining design modifications with a 4E evaluation framework leads to highly efficient, viable, and sustainable solar desalination systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106595"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106591
Zahra Salmanzadeh-Jamadi , Aziz Habibi-Yangjeh , Alireza Khataee
Background
Dye and pharmaceutical pollution in water bodies poses a serious worldwide challenge, endangering both aquatic ecosystems and human health because of their durability, harmful effects, and potential to cause cancer, making urgent intervention.
Methods
In this study, plasmonic TiO2-X/Bi19Br3S27/Bi photocatalysts were successfully formulated through a two-step hydrothermal method using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent. The synthesized photocatalyst exhibited greatly improved photocatalytic performance in the degradation of various pollutants, including azithromycin (AZM), tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH), and cephalexin (CPN), and three dyes, including methyl orange (MO), methylene blue (MB), and rhodamine B (RhB). Key improvements are superior redox efficiency resulting from the highly negative conduction potential of Bi19Br3S27, improved visible-light response induced by bismuth nanoparticles and defects formed in TiO2 (abbreviated as TiO2-x), efficient separation rate and photoinduced charge carrier transport, creation of active sites and species, development of S-scheme mechanism between the photocatalyst counterparts, and quantum size of the synthesized photocatalysts.
Significant findings
The impact of Bi19Br3S27 nanoparticles (5, 10, and 20 wt%) on the performance of TiO2-X was investigated to determine the optimal photocatalyst composition. The highest photocatalytic degradation of TCH was achieved by the TiO2-X/Bi19Br3S27 (10 %) nanocomposite (98 % in 180 min). The optimized TiO2-X/Bi19Br3S27/Bi-2 nanocomposite achieved a TCH degradation rate of 99.7 % within 60 min with a reaction rate constant of 1002 × 10‒4 min‒1, which was 4.81 times of TiO2-X/Bi19Br3S27 (10 %), 16.6 folds of Bi19Br3S27, 14.6 times of TiO2, and 4.41 as high as TiO2-x under the identical conditions. The TiO2-X/Bi19Br3S27/Bi-2 nanocomposite exhibited stability across four reuse cycles, while its compatibility with biological systems was shown by successful lentil seed growth in the treated solution. This work introduces an innovative nanocomposite designed for the degradation of dyes and the elimination of antibiotics with usability in plant irrigation applications.
{"title":"Synergistic surface plasmon resonance and S-scheme charge migration in oxygen vacancy rich TiO2/Bi19Br3S27/Bi nanostructures enabling outstanding photocatalytic degradation of pollutants","authors":"Zahra Salmanzadeh-Jamadi , Aziz Habibi-Yangjeh , Alireza Khataee","doi":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dye and pharmaceutical pollution in water bodies poses a serious worldwide challenge, endangering both aquatic ecosystems and human health because of their durability, harmful effects, and potential to cause cancer, making urgent intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, plasmonic TiO<sub>2-X</sub>/Bi<sub>19</sub>Br<sub>3</sub>S<sub>27</sub>/Bi photocatalysts were successfully formulated through a two-step hydrothermal method using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent. The synthesized photocatalyst exhibited greatly improved photocatalytic performance in the degradation of various pollutants, including azithromycin (AZM), tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH), and cephalexin (CPN), and three dyes, including methyl orange (MO), methylene blue (MB), and rhodamine B (RhB). Key improvements are superior redox efficiency resulting from the highly negative conduction potential of Bi<sub>19</sub>Br<sub>3</sub>S<sub>27</sub>, improved visible-light response induced by bismuth nanoparticles and defects formed in TiO<sub>2</sub> (abbreviated as TiO<sub>2-x</sub>), efficient separation rate and photoinduced charge carrier transport, creation of active sites and species, development of S-scheme mechanism between the photocatalyst counterparts, and quantum size of the synthesized photocatalysts.</div></div><div><h3>Significant findings</h3><div>The impact of Bi<sub>19</sub>Br<sub>3</sub>S<sub>27</sub> nanoparticles (5, 10, and 20 wt%) on the performance of TiO<sub>2-X</sub> was investigated to determine the optimal photocatalyst composition. The highest photocatalytic degradation of TCH was achieved by the TiO<sub>2-X</sub>/Bi<sub>19</sub>Br<sub>3</sub>S<sub>27</sub> (10 %) nanocomposite (98 % in 180 min). The optimized TiO<sub>2-X</sub>/Bi<sub>19</sub>Br<sub>3</sub>S<sub>27</sub>/Bi-2 nanocomposite achieved a TCH degradation rate of 99.7 % within 60 min with a reaction rate constant of 1002 × 10<sup>‒4</sup> min<sup>‒1</sup>, which was 4.81 times of TiO<sub>2-X</sub>/Bi<sub>19</sub>Br<sub>3</sub>S<sub>27</sub> (10 %), 16.6 folds of Bi<sub>19</sub>Br<sub>3</sub>S<sub>27</sub>, 14.6 times of TiO<sub>2,</sub> and 4.41 as high as TiO<sub>2-x</sub> under the identical conditions. The TiO<sub>2-X</sub>/Bi<sub>19</sub>Br<sub>3</sub>S<sub>27</sub>/Bi-2 nanocomposite exhibited stability across four reuse cycles, while its compatibility with biological systems was shown by successful lentil seed growth in the treated solution. This work introduces an innovative nanocomposite designed for the degradation of dyes and the elimination of antibiotics with usability in plant irrigation applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106591"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106590
Hongbo Sun , Wei Bing , Yetong Zhu , Hong Zhang
Background
Marine biofouling has persisted as a challenge for humanity since the inception of maritime activities and remains one of the critical obstacles in contemporary ocean exploitation. For membrane materials exposed to aquatic environments, it is essential to control biofouling while avoiding adverse impacts on the surrounding ecosystem.
Method
Inspired by the structure of lotus leaves and the visible reflection due to trapped air layer of Salvinia, we fabricated ZnO nanopillars on the surface of flexible microcilia arrays to achieve a superhydrophobic surface with micro-nano hierarchical structure. We employed ultra-depth three-dimensional microscope observation and simulated marine environment experiments to systematically evaluate the bubble adsorption effect and antifouling performance of the ZnO-integrated biomimetic microcilia arrays. The surface morphology of the materials was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the physicochemical properties of the material surfaces were analyzed via energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and water contact angle measurements.
Significant findings
The ZnO-integrated microcilia array can generate visible reflection due to trapped air layer underwater, forming a gaseous plastron as physical antifouling barrier, which can retain exceptional bubble adsorption capacity even after multiple cycles. The gaseous plastron provides environmentally friendly antifouling strategies and can effectively resist the attachment of bacteria and algae under both static and simulated dynamic marine conditions.
{"title":"Dynamic air retention in ZnO-integrated biomimetic microcilia arrays for marine antifouling applications","authors":"Hongbo Sun , Wei Bing , Yetong Zhu , Hong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Marine biofouling has persisted as a challenge for humanity since the inception of maritime activities and remains one of the critical obstacles in contemporary ocean exploitation. For membrane materials exposed to aquatic environments, it is essential to control biofouling while avoiding adverse impacts on the surrounding ecosystem.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Inspired by the structure of lotus leaves and the visible reflection due to trapped air layer of <em>Salvinia</em>, we fabricated ZnO nanopillars on the surface of flexible microcilia arrays to achieve a superhydrophobic surface with micro-nano hierarchical structure. We employed ultra-depth three-dimensional microscope observation and simulated marine environment experiments to systematically evaluate the bubble adsorption effect and antifouling performance of the ZnO-integrated biomimetic microcilia arrays. The surface morphology of the materials was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the physicochemical properties of the material surfaces were analyzed via energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and water contact angle measurements.</div></div><div><h3>Significant findings</h3><div>The ZnO-integrated microcilia array can generate visible reflection due to trapped air layer underwater, forming a gaseous plastron as physical antifouling barrier, which can retain exceptional bubble adsorption capacity even after multiple cycles. The gaseous plastron provides environmentally friendly antifouling strategies and can effectively resist the attachment of bacteria and algae under both static and simulated dynamic marine conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106590"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145788247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106567
Sandhiya Mohan, Gokul Sreekumar, Keerthi Praveen
Background
The goal of this work is to create a biopolymer packaging film that is made of Sodium alginate and I-Carrageenan and reinforced with different amounts of natural rubber latex (NRL). The objective is to enhance the film's mechanical and physicochemical characteristics for possible use in the packaging sector.
Method
Solvent casting was the method used to create the films. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to examine the physicochemical properties of the films. The impact of varying quantities of NRL on the performance of the film was evaluated.
Significant Findings
When NRL was added, the moisture content decreased from 6.98% to 3.87% and the water solubility drastically decreased from 9.55% to 5.61%, resulting in a decrease in moisture retention. On the other hand, with 20% NRL content, mechanical characteristics significantly improved, with tensile strength rising from 18.63 MPa to 45.45 MPa. Furthermore, films containing NRL demonstrated exceptional optical transparency and improved UV resistance. According to these results, NRL functions as a powerful reinforcing agent, improving the biopolymer films' capacity for packaging applications.
{"title":"Development and characterization of biodegradable packaging films based on sodium alginate, Iota-carrageenan and latex blends for packaging applications","authors":"Sandhiya Mohan, Gokul Sreekumar, Keerthi Praveen","doi":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The goal of this work is to create a biopolymer packaging film that is made of Sodium alginate and I-Carrageenan and reinforced with different amounts of natural rubber latex (NRL). The objective is to enhance the film's mechanical and physicochemical characteristics for possible use in the packaging sector.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Solvent casting was the method used to create the films. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to examine the physicochemical properties of the films. The impact of varying quantities of NRL on the performance of the film was evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Significant Findings</h3><div>When NRL was added, the moisture content decreased from 6.98% to 3.87% and the water solubility drastically decreased from 9.55% to 5.61%, resulting in a decrease in moisture retention. On the other hand, with 20% NRL content, mechanical characteristics significantly improved, with tensile strength rising from 18.63 MPa to 45.45 MPa. Furthermore, films containing NRL demonstrated exceptional optical transparency and improved UV resistance. According to these results, NRL functions as a powerful reinforcing agent, improving the biopolymer films' capacity for packaging applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106567"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145788176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106579
Xiaodao Liang , Yaorong He , Chao Xiong , Hongbing Ji , Yan Yang
Background
Oxygen activation is a critical step in oxidation reactions for energy conversion and fine chemical synthesis, with its efficiency directly determining catalytic performance and industrial applicability. The main challenges are the high activation energy barriers and low target product selectivity caused by the inherent inertness of molecular oxygen. To address these issues, this study draws on the advantages of biomimetic catalysis using metal porphyrins and synthesizes a series of porphyrin-based organic polymers (Metal-Por-POPs) to achieve efficient aerobic epoxidation of olefins.
Method
A series of metalloporphyrin-based organic polymers were synthesized and thoroughly characterized using techniques such as SEM, XRD, and XPS. The catalytic performance was systematically evaluated under various conditions, including catalyst types, oxidant amount, reaction time, and temperature.
Significant finding
Using Mn-Por-POP as a catalyst, isobutylene was converted to the corresponding epoxide within 1 h at room temperature with a selectivity of up to 96.4 %. The catalyst also demonstrated excellent recyclability and broad substrate adaptability, maintaining over 96 % epoxide selectivity after five consecutive reaction cycles. Mechanistic studies via EPR and HRMS revealed that Mn-Por-POP promoted the generation of acyl radicals from isobutyraldehyde under aerobic conditions. These radicals subsequently reacted with molecular oxygen to form acylperoxy radicals, which facilitate the highly selective epoxidation of alkenes.
氧活化是氧化反应中能量转化和精细化工合成的关键步骤，其效率直接决定了催化性能和工业适用性。主要的挑战是分子氧固有惰性导致的高活化能垒和低目标产物选择性。为了解决这些问题，本研究利用金属卟啉仿生催化的优势，合成了一系列基于卟啉的有机聚合物（metal - por - pop），以实现烯烃的高效好氧环氧化。方法合成了一系列金属卟啉基有机聚合物，并用SEM、XRD、XPS等技术对其进行了表征。系统评价了催化剂类型、氧化剂用量、反应时间、温度等条件下的催化性能。以mn - ppo - pop为催化剂，室温下异丁烯在1 h内转化为相应的环氧化物，选择性高达96.4%。该催化剂还表现出优异的可回收性和广泛的底物适应性，在连续五个反应循环后保持超过96%的环氧化物选择性。通过EPR和HRMS进行的机制研究表明，Mn-Por-POP在有氧条件下促进异丁醛生成酰基自由基。这些自由基随后与分子氧反应形成酰基过氧自由基，促进烯烃的高选择性环氧化。
{"title":"Selective regulation of oxygen transfer over Mn porphyrin-based organic polymers enables the mild aerobic epoxidation of isobutylene","authors":"Xiaodao Liang , Yaorong He , Chao Xiong , Hongbing Ji , Yan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Oxygen activation is a critical step in oxidation reactions for energy conversion and fine chemical synthesis, with its efficiency directly determining catalytic performance and industrial applicability. The main challenges are the high activation energy barriers and low target product selectivity caused by the inherent inertness of molecular oxygen. To address these issues, this study draws on the advantages of biomimetic catalysis using metal porphyrins and synthesizes a series of porphyrin-based organic polymers (Metal-Por-POPs) to achieve efficient aerobic epoxidation of olefins.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A series of metalloporphyrin-based organic polymers were synthesized and thoroughly characterized using techniques such as SEM, XRD, and XPS. The catalytic performance was systematically evaluated under various conditions, including catalyst types, oxidant amount, reaction time, and temperature.</div></div><div><h3>Significant finding</h3><div>Using Mn-Por-POP as a catalyst, isobutylene was converted to the corresponding epoxide within 1 h at room temperature with a selectivity of up to 96.4 %. The catalyst also demonstrated excellent recyclability and broad substrate adaptability, maintaining over 96 % epoxide selectivity after five consecutive reaction cycles. Mechanistic studies via EPR and HRMS revealed that Mn-Por-POP promoted the generation of acyl radicals from isobutyraldehyde under aerobic conditions. These radicals subsequently reacted with molecular oxygen to form acylperoxy radicals, which facilitate the highly selective epoxidation of alkenes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106579"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145788175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106592
Junnan Chen , Li Zhang , Yifan Cao , Chonggang Wu , Hongyu Cen , Zhenyu Chen
Background Higher demands for copper interconnects in integrated circuits make cobalt a promising barrier material. However, the galvanic corrosion between Cu and Co during chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) affects metal removal and device reliability, with its tribo-electrochemical behavior unresolved.
Methods Multiple interface analysis and characterization techniques and static-dynamic state electrochemical measurements were employed to investigate Cu/Co galvanic corrosion evolution during CMP, and total CMP removal rate was decomposed into four components with the quantitative relationships.
Significant Findings Static-state electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicates that copper exhibits a higher impedance than cobalt. But during the CMP, the total removal rate of Cu reaches 153.94 nm/min, while that of Co is 67.85 nm/min, indicating more severe removal of copper. This discrepancy suggests a synergistic effect of the electrochemical-frictional field on galvanic corrosion and electrode planarization. The wear-induced de-passivation shifts the corrosion dynamics into a wear-dominated regime. In this state, the softer and less protective surface oxide on copper, combined with its higher susceptibility to mechanical abrasion, leads to its accelerated removal. In contrast, potential of cobalt shows significant positive shift at the onset of CMP and reduced the potential difference between Cu and Co to form a dynamic passivation film, protecting them from corrosion and material removal. This study offers valuable insights into the corrosion behavior of heterogeneous metal pairs under CMP conditions.
{"title":"Synergistic tribo-electrochemical effects on galvanic corrosion behavior and mechanisms of Cu/Co coupling in chemical mechanical polishing","authors":"Junnan Chen , Li Zhang , Yifan Cao , Chonggang Wu , Hongyu Cen , Zhenyu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Background Higher demands for copper interconnects in integrated circuits make cobalt a promising barrier material. However, the galvanic corrosion between Cu and Co during chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) affects metal removal and device reliability, with its tribo-electrochemical behavior unresolved.</div><div>Methods Multiple interface analysis and characterization techniques and static-dynamic state electrochemical measurements were employed to investigate Cu/Co galvanic corrosion evolution during CMP, and total CMP removal rate was decomposed into four components with the quantitative relationships.</div><div>Significant Findings Static-state electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicates that copper exhibits a higher impedance than cobalt. But during the CMP, the total removal rate of Cu reaches 153.94 nm/min, while that of Co is 67.85 nm/min, indicating more severe removal of copper. This discrepancy suggests a synergistic effect of the electrochemical-frictional field on galvanic corrosion and electrode planarization. The wear-induced de-passivation shifts the corrosion dynamics into a wear-dominated regime. In this state, the softer and less protective surface oxide on copper, combined with its higher susceptibility to mechanical abrasion, leads to its accelerated removal. In contrast, potential of cobalt shows significant positive shift at the onset of CMP and reduced the potential difference between Cu and Co to form a dynamic passivation film, protecting them from corrosion and material removal. This study offers valuable insights into the corrosion behavior of heterogeneous metal pairs under CMP conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106592"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145788248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106564
Zhirui Xu , Xin Zou , Hao Chen , Xianxing Ju , Mingxiang Chen , Qing Wang
Background
Cu filling of micro through-holes (THs) in substrates is pivotal for enhancing 3D packaging integration and reliability in power devices, but conventional tri-additive systems face challenges in optimization, additive decomposition, and environmental protection.
Methods
A novel single-additive electrolyte system utilizing amine-terminated polyether (ZED) was developed for defect-free filling of micro THs with varying aspect ratios (ARs). ZEDs with two molecular weights, including ZED2031 and ZED601, were strategically applied at different THs filling stages to enhance the throwing power (TP) of the electrolyte. Theoretical calculations and experimental studies were combined to systematically assess the impact of ZEDs on copper electrodeposition kinetics within limited range.
Significant Findings
Ether-oxygen and amine groups act as primary adsorption sites of ZEDs. Cl⁻ enhances ZED adsorption stability, with ZED2031 outperforming ZED601 in inhibition capability and competitive displacement. Optimized filling (200 mg/L ZEDs, 0.5 ASD current density) achieves defect-free micro THs (AR = 1.9:1∼3.8:1) and 161% TP (AR = 1.3:1). The Cu coatings exhibit fine grains (average size: 0.32 μm) with predominant (220) orientation. A dynamic theoretical model for butterfly-shaped filling of micro THs is proposed based on ZED behavior. This work provides a simple, efficient additive strategy that enables reliable TH filling for next-generation 3D integration in power electronics.
{"title":"Theoretical and experimental investigation of a defect-free micro through-holes filling strategy with a single-component amine-terminated polyether","authors":"Zhirui Xu , Xin Zou , Hao Chen , Xianxing Ju , Mingxiang Chen , Qing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cu filling of micro through-holes (THs) in substrates is pivotal for enhancing 3D packaging integration and reliability in power devices, but conventional tri-additive systems face challenges in optimization, additive decomposition, and environmental protection.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A novel single-additive electrolyte system utilizing amine-terminated polyether (ZED) was developed for defect-free filling of micro THs with varying aspect ratios (ARs). ZEDs with two molecular weights, including ZED2031 and ZED601, were strategically applied at different THs filling stages to enhance the throwing power (TP) of the electrolyte. Theoretical calculations and experimental studies were combined to systematically assess the impact of ZEDs on copper electrodeposition kinetics within limited range.</div></div><div><h3>Significant Findings</h3><div>Ether-oxygen and amine groups act as primary adsorption sites of ZEDs. Cl⁻ enhances ZED adsorption stability, with ZED2031 outperforming ZED601 in inhibition capability and competitive displacement. Optimized filling (200 mg/L ZEDs, 0.5 ASD current density) achieves defect-free micro THs (AR = 1.9:1∼3.8:1) and 161% TP (AR = 1.3:1). The Cu coatings exhibit fine grains (average size: 0.32 μm) with predominant (220) orientation. A dynamic theoretical model for butterfly-shaped filling of micro THs is proposed based on ZED behavior. This work provides a simple, efficient additive strategy that enables reliable TH filling for next-generation 3D integration in power electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106564"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145788173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106582
Ajith Mohanasundaran, Jongsung Kim
Background
Carbon dots (CDs) sourced from tamarind (TCDs) represent a green approach to improve food packaging performance. Embedding these CDs into a biodegradable polymer system enhances the mechanical strength, optical characteristics, and antimicrobial activity, serving as a sustainable replacement for conventional plastics.
Methods
A multifunctional packaging film was fabricated by blending chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and starch. CDs, synthesized from Malabar tamarind fruit via a hydrothermal method, were then incorporated. The resulting mixture was cast into glass petri dishes and processed using solution casting technique to form uniform films.
Significant findings
The incorporation of well-dispersed TCDs into the polymer film, slightly reduced its transparency but significantly enhanced antioxidant activity, tensile strength, UV-blocking capability, antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). A preservation test assessed titratable acidity (TA %), weight loss, and appearance changes in packaged fruits. Grapes wrapped with 0.50 % TCD-infused polymer films retained higher TA %, lower weight loss, and a fresher appearance for 9 days. Similar results were observed for sliced tomatoes, by preventing shrinkage, overripening, and maintained freshness for 5 days. These findings confirm the potential of the fabricated composite films as a viable and efficient solution for food wrapping applications.
{"title":"Multifunctional biopolymer films with tamarind carbon dots for fruit packaging with antimicrobial, UV barrier, and antioxidant properties","authors":"Ajith Mohanasundaran, Jongsung Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Carbon dots (CDs) sourced from tamarind (TCDs) represent a green approach to improve food packaging performance. Embedding these CDs into a biodegradable polymer system enhances the mechanical strength, optical characteristics, and antimicrobial activity, serving as a sustainable replacement for conventional plastics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A multifunctional packaging film was fabricated by blending chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and starch. CDs, synthesized from Malabar tamarind fruit via a hydrothermal method, were then incorporated. The resulting mixture was cast into glass petri dishes and processed using solution casting technique to form uniform films.</div></div><div><h3>Significant findings</h3><div>The incorporation of well-dispersed TCDs into the polymer film, slightly reduced its transparency but significantly enhanced antioxidant activity, tensile strength, UV-blocking capability, antibacterial effects against <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) and Staphylococcus aureus (<em>S. aureus</em>). A preservation test assessed titratable acidity (TA %), weight loss, and appearance changes in packaged fruits. Grapes wrapped with 0.50 % TCD-infused polymer films retained higher TA %, lower weight loss, and a fresher appearance for 9 days. Similar results were observed for sliced tomatoes, by preventing shrinkage, overripening, and maintained freshness for 5 days. These findings confirm the potential of the fabricated composite films as a viable and efficient solution for food wrapping applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106582"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145788171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In nitrate-polluted wastewater, nitrate (NO3−) usually coexists with heavy metal ions, and the presence of heavy metal ions reduces denitrification efficiency. Copper ion (Cu2+) is one of the representative heavy metal ions with the highest biotoxicity and significantly affects biological denitrification systems.
Methods
This study evaluated the effect of Cu2+ on sulfur autotrophic denitrification driven by elemental sulfur (S0-SAD), including nitrogen removal performance, microbial community structure, and functional gene changes.
Significant Findings
The results showed that S0-SAD was very sensitive to Cu2+, and even a low concentration of Cu2+ reduced its denitrification performance. The nonlinear fitting results showed that the half inhibitory effect concentration (IC50) of Cu2+ is about 3.69 mg/L. The concentration of extracellular polymers (EPS) increased significantly in response to Cu2+ stress. The Cu2+-tolerant Proteobacteria dominated the microbial composition of S0-SAD. The main denitrifying bacterial genus, Thiobacillus, was highly sensitive to Cu2+, and its relative abundance decreased significantly under the influence of Cu2+. The community composition evolved towards a high Cu2+-tolerant flora, with Rhodanobacter, Thermithiobacillus, and Mizugakiibacter, which are highly Cu2+-tolerant, being enriched. Expression of key metabolic and denitrification function genes of S0-SAD was suppressed under high Cu2+ stress. Finally, the strategy of reducing the adverse effects of Cu2+ on S0-SAD was proposed.
{"title":"Copper ions on sulfur autotrophic denitrification driven by elemental sulfur (S0-SAD) and coping strategy","authors":"Hongliang Guo , Chongyin Zhu , Jo-Shu Chang , Duu-Jong Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In nitrate-polluted wastewater, nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) usually coexists with heavy metal ions, and the presence of heavy metal ions reduces denitrification efficiency. Copper ion (Cu<sup>2+</sup>) is one of the representative heavy metal ions with the highest biotoxicity and significantly affects biological denitrification systems.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study evaluated the effect of Cu<sup>2+</sup> on sulfur autotrophic denitrification driven by elemental sulfur (S<sup>0</sup>-SAD), including nitrogen removal performance, microbial community structure, and functional gene changes.</div></div><div><h3>Significant Findings</h3><div>The results showed that S<sup>0</sup>-SAD was very sensitive to Cu<sup>2+</sup>, and even a low concentration of Cu<sup>2+</sup> reduced its denitrification performance. The nonlinear fitting results showed that the half inhibitory effect concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) of Cu<sup>2+</sup> is about 3.69 mg/L. The concentration of extracellular polymers (EPS) increased significantly in response to Cu<sup>2+</sup> stress. The Cu<sup>2+</sup>-tolerant <em>Proteobacteria</em> dominated the microbial composition of S<sup>0</sup>-SAD. The main denitrifying bacterial genus, <em>Thiobacillus</em>, was highly sensitive to Cu<sup>2+</sup>, and its relative abundance decreased significantly under the influence of Cu<sup>2+</sup>. The community composition evolved towards a high Cu<sup>2+</sup>-tolerant flora, with <em>Rhodanobacter, Thermithiobacillus</em>, and <em>Mizugakiibacter</em>, which are highly Cu<sup>2+</sup>-tolerant, being enriched. Expression of key metabolic and denitrification function genes of S<sup>0</sup>-SAD was suppressed under high Cu<sup>2+</sup> stress. Finally, the strategy of reducing the adverse effects of Cu<sup>2+</sup> on S<sup>0</sup>-SAD was proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106573"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145788179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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