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Inter regulam doctrinae et acceptationem. Some Reflections regarding the Church’s Fidelity to the Prince in the second half of the 16th Century Moldavia 相互规范的学说和接受。关于16世纪下半叶摩尔达维亚教会对亲王忠诚的几点思考
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47743/cetc-2022-17.2.657
Ioan-Augustin Guriţă
: The second half of the 16 th century was, for Moldavia, one of the difficult periods, from many perspectives, both politically and religiously. The instability of the reigns also had an effect on ecclesiastical life, with Orthodox hierarchs taking positions in relation to what was happening in the life of the state. Their responsibility was not confined to what might be called “Church affairs”, but, as members of the elite and linked by office to public life, they had to choose what to do under difficult conditions caused by various factors such as changes of princes, attempts at usurpation, plots, wars, religious propaganda, exile, etc. In this study, several cases are analysed in which high prelates showed their fidelity to a prince, to a dynasty or to the Church they served, focusing on the way in which the churchmen made their choices during key-moments in the history of Moldavia in the second half of the 16 th century .
16世纪下半叶,对摩尔达维亚来说,是一个艰难的时期,从政治和宗教的许多角度来看都是如此。统治的不稳定也对教会生活产生了影响,东正教的等级制度所采取的立场与国家生活中发生的事情有关。他们的责任并不局限于所谓的“教会事务”,而是作为精英成员,通过职位与公共生活联系在一起,他们必须在各种因素造成的困难条件下选择做什么,这些因素包括王公更替、篡夺企图、阴谋、战争、宗教宣传、流放等。在本研究中,分析了几个高级教士对王子、王朝或他们所服务的教会表现出忠诚的案例,重点关注了16世纪下半叶摩尔达维亚历史上关键时刻神职人员做出选择的方式。
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引用次数: 0
Tiranul moldovean între gândirea renascentistă și dominația otomană. Revolta boierilor din 1523 文艺复兴思想和奥斯曼统治之间的摩尔多瓦暴君。1523年的波亚尔起义
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47743/cetc-2022-17.1.217
Liviu Pilat
: The Moldavian tyrant between thought and Ottoman domination. Boyars’ revolt of 1523 . Studies dedicated to tyranny are few for Romanian Principalities and they are based especially on narrative sources which describe the bad government. On considers that tyranny was adopted in political vocabulary of Romanian elite on the middle of 17 th century from Western political thought. An episode from the first half of the 16 th century was completely ignored, being labeled as a simple struggle for power. In 1523, Stephan the Young ordered the execution of his main counselor, Luca Arbure, an event which provoked a revolt of Moldavian boyars. Seeking refuge in Poland, Hungary, and Wallachia the Moldavian boyars attempted enthroning a new voivode, but in the battle of Roman Stephan the Young defeated boyars’ army. Our article focused on confronta-tion between Moldavian voievode and his counselors, Stephan the Young being accused of tyranny by his boyars. As a consequence, the Moldavian issue became a topic of debate at the international congresses of Wiener Neustadt and Bratislava. There, the refugee boyars presented their accusations and an emissary of prince defended his master and explained the reason of his actions. Following these discussions we get a new image of the conflict, including the influence of Re-naissance thought and Ottoman threat on political rhetoric and making decision.
在思想和奥斯曼统治之间的摩尔多瓦暴君。1523年波雅尔起义专门研究罗马尼亚公国暴政的研究很少,它们主要基于描述坏政府的叙述来源。On认为僭主一词是17世纪中叶罗马尼亚精英阶层的政治词汇中吸收了西方政治思想的产物。16世纪上半叶的一段插曲被完全忽视了,被贴上了简单的权力斗争的标签。1523年,斯蒂芬·杨下令处决他的主要顾问卢卡·阿尔布尔,这一事件引发了摩尔多瓦波伊尔的叛乱。在波兰、匈牙利和瓦拉几亚寻求庇护的摩尔达维亚波雅尔试图建立一个新的voivode,但在罗马的斯蒂芬杨战役中击败了波雅尔的军队。我们的文章关注的是摩尔多瓦沃伊沃德和他的顾问之间的对抗,年轻的斯蒂芬被他的贵族指控为暴政。因此,摩尔多瓦问题成为维也纳新城和布拉迪斯拉发国际会议的一个辩论题目。在那里,流亡的波雅尔提出了他们的指控,一位王子的使者为他的主人辩护,并解释了他的行为的原因。在这些讨论之后,我们得到了冲突的新形象,包括文艺复兴思想和奥斯曼帝国威胁对政治言论和决策的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Imperial inscriptions of the Constantinian dinasty in Celeia 塞莱亚君士坦丁第纳尔的帝国铭文
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47743/cetc-2022-17.1.287
Julijana Visočnik
: Numerous arguments speak in favour of the fact that when the Roman province of Noricum was established, Celeia was one of the most important Norican towns, which was most certainly contributed to by its strategically favourable location not far from the border with Italy. As such, it was a desired destination of Italic colonists, while we must not forget the settlement of autoch-thonous population ( Keleia ), which was a solid framework for the development of an important Roman town. Local personages definitely contributed to that; this was the elite that collaborated with the “invaders” and in this way actively contributed to the swifter advancement of Romanisation (an example is Caius Iulius Vepo – CIL III 5232 = RICe 105). From the second half of the 3rd century on-wards), the situation in the Roman Empire changed drastically in many fields of life. Crisis struck many places. The East Alpine territory was especially exposed to the events in the time of emperors of the Constantinian dynasty. However, it appears that Celeia maintained its prominent role in this period, since it is the only town in this part of the empire where imperial inscriptions of the mentioned emperors have been preserved. romanizării (un exemplu este Caius Iulius Vepo – CIL III 5232 = RICe 105). Din a doua jumătate a secolului al III - lea, situația din Imperiul Roman s -a schimbat drastic în multe domenii ale vieții. Criza a lovit multe locuri. Teritoriul est -alpin a fost expus în special evenimentelor din vremea împăraț ilor dinastiei constantiniene. Cu toate acestea, se pare că Celeia și - a menținut rolul proeminent în această perioadă, întrucât este singurul oraș din această parte a imperiului în care s -au păstrat inscripții ale constantinizilor .
当前位置许多论点都支持这样一个事实,即当罗马的诺里库姆省建立时,西里亚是诺里库姆最重要的城镇之一,这无疑是由于其战略位置优越,距离意大利边境不远。因此,它是意大利殖民者的理想目的地,同时我们不能忘记当地人口(Keleia)的定居,这是一个重要罗马城镇发展的坚实框架。当地人士肯定对此有贡献;这是与“入侵者”合作的精英,以这种方式积极地促进了罗马化的更快发展(一个例子是Caius Iulius Vepo - CIL III 5232 = RICe 105)。从3世纪下半叶开始,罗马帝国在生活的许多领域都发生了巨大的变化。危机袭击了许多地方。东阿尔卑斯地区尤其容易受到君士坦丁王朝皇帝统治时期事件的影响。然而,似乎塞拉亚在这一时期保持了其突出的作用,因为它是帝国这部分地区唯一保存了上述皇帝的帝国铭文的城镇。罗马法典(unexemplu este Caius Iulius Vepo - CIL III 5232 = RICe 105)。在一个doua jumilate一个secululual III - lea, situația在Imperiul Roman s - schimbat激烈的在multe domenii ale vieții。克里萨有多腔血。领土est -alpin - forest expus -在特殊的事件中,在vremea - mpmc - rai - rai - dinastiei constantinene。Cu toate acestea, se pare cere celia și -a menținut rol proeminent n aceasta perioadue, struct este singurul oraster in aceasta partte a imperiului n care s -au pere strat inscripții ale constantinizilor。
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引用次数: 0
L’ “Ara Pacis Nova” in un discorso tenuto dal Cardinale Arcivescovo di Milano il 26 febbraio 1937-XV 1935年2月26日,米兰枢机主教阿拉帕奇·诺瓦发表演讲
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47743/cetc-2022-17.2.533
A. Liberati
: The “Ara Pacis Nova” in a speech given by the Cardinal Archbishop of Milan on February 26, 1937-XV . This paper illustrates and comments on the speech of the Cardinal Archbishop of Milan Ildefonso Schuster delivered on February 26, 1937 at the Scuola di Mistica Fascista. In September of the same year, the Mostra Augustea della Romanità was inaugurated in Rome to celebrate the 2.000th anniversary of the birth of Augustus. In the light of the Lateran Pacts of 1929 and the proclamation of the empire in 1936, Schuster’s speech and the Mostra Augustea exemplify the fleeting – also because caused by different purposes – historical convergence between temporal power, aimed at supremacy over men, and spiritual power, aimed at the control of consciences. This parallel action takes place against the background of the classical tradition that both Fascism and the Catholic Church interpret in different ways but with the sole aim of achieving the classic values of “Romanità” and “Universality”. Cuvinte-cheie : Ildefonso Schuster, împ ă ratul Augustus, împ ă ratul Con-stantin, Ara Pacis Augustae, Biserica Catolic ă , fascism, Expozi ț ia augustan ă a ro-manit ăț ii, studii muzeale. „Ara care vizeaz ă controlul con ș tiin ț elor. Aceast ă ac ț iune paralel ă are loc pe fundalul tradi ț iei clasice pe care atât fascismul, cât ș i Biserica Catolic ă o interpreteaz ă în moduri diferite, dar cu unicul scop de a atinge valorile clasice de „Romanitate” ș i „Universalitate”.
: 1937- 15年2月26日,米兰大主教在演讲中说的“Ara Pacis Nova”。本文对米兰大主教Ildefonso Schuster于1937年2月26日在Scuola di Mistica Fascista发表的演讲进行了阐述和评论。同年9月,罗马奥古斯都博物馆(Mostra Augustea della romanitom)在罗马落成,以庆祝奥古斯都诞辰2000周年。根据1929年的拉特兰条约和1936年的帝国宣言,舒斯特尔的演讲和奥古斯特清真寺体现了短暂的——也是因为不同的目的——旨在凌驾于人之上的世俗权力和旨在控制良心的精神权力之间的历史融合。这种平行的行动发生在法西斯主义和天主教会以不同方式解释的古典传统的背景下,但其唯一目的是实现“罗马主义”和“普遍性”的经典价值。cuvite - chechee: Ildefonso Schuster, 国会议员奥古斯都,国会议员康斯坦丁,奥古斯都,天主教,法西斯主义,奥古斯都,意大利,意大利,意大利。医疗保健服务是一种有效的控制措施。最重要的是,在“罗马”和“普遍”之间,“罗马”和“普遍”之间,“罗马”和“普遍”之间,“意大利”和“意大利”之间,“意大利”和“意大利”之间,“意大利”和“意大利”之间,“意大利”和“意大利”之间的关系,“意大利”和“意大利”之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Quando il mento sporcava i libri: Marziale, Winckelmann e l’esegesi moderna 当你的下巴弄脏了你的书
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47743/cetc-2022-17.2.513
Alessandro Lagioia
: When the chin got the papyrus roll dirty: Martial, Winckelmann and the Modern Interpretation. The article examines some pas-sages of Martial ( epigr . 1, 66; 10, 93; 14, 84) and a pederastic epigram by Strato of Sardis (AP 12, 208), to which Perotti, Salmasius, Winckelmann and many other philologists frequently referred in order to explain why the chin is mentioned by those authors in relation with the use of the papyrus roll. The most frequently given explanation for the chin that dirties the roll has so far been that, after the volumen had been read, it was placed by the ancient reader under the chin to hold it firm and then it was rolled up, taking the tips of the roll in both hands. This reconstruc-tion, apart from being unconvincing, because unpracticable, as Skeat has well de-monstrated, does not find any confirmation, neither in poetic contexts nor in figu-rative representations. On the contrary, well known Pompeian frescoes seem to confirm that the ancients used to put the edging of the liber ( frons ), already rolled up, under the chin as a gesture of concentration and meditation. It can be compared to the pose of the thinker (philosopher, poet and actor), who meditates with a hand under the chin, a fairly common posture in the ancient iconographic tradition. The Pompeian portraits suggest that the only useful involvement of the chin relating to the ancient book could be that of levelling the edges of
当下巴弄脏了纸莎草卷:马夏尔、温克尔曼和现代诠释。本文考察了《武学》中的一些段落。1, 66;10, 93;第14,84页)和斯特拉托(Strato of Sardis, AP 12,208页)的一篇关于性的警句,佩罗蒂、萨尔马西乌斯、温克尔曼和许多其他语言学家经常引用这篇警句,以解释为什么这些作者提到下巴与纸莎草卷的使用有关。迄今为止,对于下巴弄脏书卷的最常见的解释是,在读完这本书之后,古代读者把它放在下巴下面,把它固定住,然后把它卷起来,双手抓住书卷的尖端。这种重建,除了没有说服力,因为不可行,正如斯基特已经很好地证明的那样,没有找到任何证实,无论是在诗歌语境中还是在比喻的表现中。相反,著名的庞贝壁画似乎证实,古人曾经把已经卷起来的鬓角放在下巴下面,作为一种专注和冥想的姿态。它可以与思想家(哲学家,诗人和演员)的姿势相比较,他们把手放在下巴下冥想,这是古代肖像传统中相当常见的姿势。庞贝人的肖像表明,与古书有关的下巴唯一有用的参与可能是平整边缘
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引用次数: 0
Le lettere commendaticiae in Sidonio Apollinare tra vita quotidiana e impegni istituzionali 日常生活和制度承诺之间的联系
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47743/cetc-2022-17.2.555
Patrizia Mascoli
Sidonius Apollinaris’s letters of recommendation between everyday life and institutional commitments. The bishop in 5th century Gaul was no longer just the spiritual guide of his community, in fact assumed a function of a great political and moral importance in the government of the civitas to the point of playing an antagonistic role towards the new conquerors. Sidonius Apollinaris’ letters of recommendation and correspondence deal with issues pertaining to daily life, to the election of other clerics as bishop, to the conflicts with other religious groups, to questions of a moral nature, to family matters and judicial cases, to requests for protection and assistance to citizens.
西多尼乌斯·阿波利纳里斯在日常生活和制度承诺之间的推荐信。在五世纪的高卢,主教不再仅仅是社区的精神向导,事实上,在公民的治理中,主教扮演了重要的政治和道德角色,甚至扮演了对抗新征服者的角色。西多尼乌斯·阿波利纳里斯的推荐信和信件涉及日常生活,选举其他神职人员为主教,与其他宗教团体的冲突,道德问题,家庭事务和司法案件,以及对公民的保护和援助请求。
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引用次数: 0
La Religión de Estado en el Imperio Romano antes de Constantino. Poder, intolerancia y control ideológico 君士坦丁之前罗马帝国的国教。权力、不宽容和意识形态控制
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47743/cetc-2022-17.1.111
Juan Ramón Carbó García
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引用次数: 0
Abolitio memoriae în antichitatea târzie – continuitate sau ruptură? Condamnarea la uitare a eunucului Eutropius 古代晚期废除纪念馆——延续还是断裂?宣判废黜太监尤特罗皮乌斯
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47743/cetc-2022-17.2.443
Pavel-Flavian Chilcoș
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引用次数: 0
Il modello ciceroniano di princeps nella Pro Marcello 普林斯顿的西塞罗模型
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47743/cetc-2022-17.1.271
A. Tedeschi
: The ciceronian model of princeps in the Pro Marcello . In the oration pronounced for the mercy to the ex-pompeian Marcus Claudius Marcellus ( Pro Marcello ), in september 46 a. C., Cicero praises Caesar’s extraordinary virtues: mildness ( mansuetudo ), indulgence ( clementia ), moderation ( modus ) and wisdom (sapientia). Through praise, transformed into political suasoria, Cicero of-fers Caesar a model of good governance inspired by ethical qualities: this is the only way to ensure social pacification, to consolidate power and to achieve eternal memory among posterity. Cicero hands down to posterity the behavioral habitus of the moderate and good princeps destined – starting from the principate – for a long life. Rezumat : Modelul ciceronian de princeps în Pro Marcello . În dis-cursul rostit pentru a mulțimi pentru rechemarea din exil a ex-pompeianul Marcus Claudius Marcellus ( Pro Marcello ), în septembrie 46 î.H., Cicero laudă virtuțile ex-traordinare ale lui Cezar: blândețea ( mansuetudo ), îngăduința ( clementia ), mode-rația ( modus ) și înțelepciunea ( sapientia ). Prin elogiu, transformat într-o suasoria politică, Cicero îi oferă lui Cezar un model de bună guvernare inspirat de calități etice: aceasta este calea care asigură pacificarea Cic. Marc. 9 Itaque, C. Caesar, bellicae tuae laudes celebrabuntur illae quidem non solum nostris, sed paene omnium gentium litteris atque linguis, neque ulla umquam aetas de tuis laudibus conticescet. Sed tamen eiusmodi res nescio quomodo etiam cum leguntur, obstrepi cla-more militum videntur et tubarum sono. At vero cum aliquid clemen-ter, mansuete, iuste, moderate, sapienter factum, in iracundia prae-sertim, quae est inimica consilio, et in victoria, quae natura insolens et superba est, audimus aut legimus, quo studio incendimur, non modo in gestis rebus, sed etiam in fictis, ut eos saepe, quos numquam vidi-mus, diligamus!
塞塞罗学派在《马塞罗论》中的原则模型。西塞罗在公元46年9月为前庞培人马库斯·克劳迪亚斯·马塞洛斯(Pro Marcello)的仁慈发表演说时,赞扬了凯撒的非凡美德:温和(mansuetudo),放纵(clementia),节制(modus)和智慧(sapientia)。西塞罗通过赞美,转化为政治上的赞美,为恺撒提供了一种受道德品质启发的良好治理模式:这是确保社会安定、巩固权力和在子孙后代中获得永恒记忆的唯一途径。西塞罗将温和而善良的元首的行为习惯传给后代,从元首制开始,注定要长久生活。Rezumat:模型ciceronian de princeps n Pro Marcello。În discursul rostit pentru a mulțimi pentru rechemarea din exil a ex- pompeanul Marcus Claudius Marcellus (Pro Marcello), 1996年9月, h。,西塞罗·洛德乌尔virtuțile非凡的卢·塞扎尔:blândețea (mansuetudo), îngăduința (clementia), mode-rația (modus) și înțelepciunea (sapientia)。在政治上,西塞罗· (Cicero)在政治上的变革:在政治上的变革:在政治上的变革:在政治上的变革:在政治上的变革:在政治上的变革:在政治上的变革:在政治上的变革:在政治上的变革:在政治上的变革:在政治上的变革。马克·9·伊塔克,C.恺撒,《为赞美而赞美的文学》,《为赞美而赞美的文学》,《为赞美而赞美的文学》,《为赞美而赞美的文学》,《为赞美而赞美的文学》,《为赞美而赞美》。我认为我是一个伟大的人,我是一个伟大的人,我是一个伟大的人。At vero cum liquid clementer, mansute, iste, moderate, sapienter factum, in iracundia praesertim, quae est inimica consilio, et in victoria, quae natura solinens et superba est, audimus aut legimus, quo studio incendimur, nonmodo in gestis rebus, sed etiam in fictis, but eos saepe, quos numquam vidius, diligamus!
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引用次数: 0
Las batallas gemelas de Mursa Maior (c. 260, 351), las usurpaciones y el desarrollo clave de la nueva caballería en el ejército romano tardío 这一时期的主要事件包括:莫萨马约尔战役(约260年,351年)、篡位和晚期罗马军队中新骑兵的关键发展
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47743/cetc-2022-17.1.239
M. P. Sancho Gómez
: The twin battles at Mursa (c. 260, 351), the usurpations and the key development of the new cavalry in the Late Roman army . In this work we will offer some guidelines and ideas referring to three related events, such as the battles carried out in Mursa, current Osijek, in Croatia, in the years c. 260 and 351 AD, the development of the new heavy cavalry in the frame-work of the Late Roman Army, and the phenomenon of usurpations, vom oferi câteva lămurir i și idei referitoare la trei evenimente conexe, anume bă tăliile purtate la Mursa, actuala Osijek, în Croația, în cca. 260 și 351 d. Hr., dezvoltarea noii cavaleri i grele în cadrul armatei romane t ârzii și fenomenul u-zurpărilor, de importanță esențială în secolele III și IV. Unind și punând aceste trei teme în context, vom încerca să găsim o imagine mai clar ă a vremurilor care să ne pună în situația de a căuta soluții istorice pentru a studia mai bine perio ada.
:穆尔萨的两场战役(约260351年),篡位和后期罗马军队新骑兵的关键发展。在这项工作中,我们将参考三个相关事件提供一些指导和想法,例如公元260年和351年在克罗地亚的穆尔萨(现在的奥西耶克)进行的战斗,在晚期罗马军队的框架中新重型骑兵的发展,以及篡夺现象,即公元前约在克罗地亚奥西耶克的穆尔萨磨损的盘子。公元260年和351年,罗马晚期军队中新的重骑士的发展和u-zurpuri现象,在第三和第四世纪具有至关重要的意义。通过将这三个主题结合起来,我们将试图找到一个更清晰的时代图景,这将使我们处于寻找历史解决方案的位置,以更好地研究阿达时期。
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引用次数: 0
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Classica et Christiana
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