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Bimatoprost Ophthalmic Solution (BOS) 0.3 mg w/v for 1 Open Trial of Long-term Preventive Therapy of Migraine in 3 patients with Pathophysiologic Shift from Brain to Eye 比马前列素眼科溶液(BOS)0.3 毫克/毫升,用于 3 例病理生理从脑转移至眼的偏头痛长期预防治疗开放试验
Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.29328/journal.jnnd.1001087
Gupta Vinod Kumar
Known since antiquity, migraine is a complex primary disorder, an episodic painful Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) storm, generally following the stress/post-stress phase. Despite exhaustive study of neuropeptides, neurochemicals, molecules, neurogenetics, neuroimaging along with animal and human experiments over the last 50 years, the scientific basis of migraine remains unknown. Straddling eight decades from Cortical Spreading Depression (CSD) to Calcitonin-Gene Related Peptide (CGRP) and its antagonists, exponentially increasing data have failed to create a gestalt synthesis. This article lays cohesive and robust fundamental principles for the comprehension and management of migraine. The continuum between migraine and non-congestive Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG), Normal Tension Glaucoma (NTG), or Low-Tension Glaucoma (LTG) is advancing. The case of sustained remission of migraine attacks (> 75%) over 3 years - 5 years with ocular hypotensive topical Bimatoprost Ophthalmic Solution (BOS) 0.3% in an N-of-1 trial in 3 patients with refractory migraine is presented. A cause-effect-adaptive process underlies the ANS-stress/post-stress-linked biology of migraine. Vasopressin-serotonin-norepinephrine ‘homeostatic-adaptive system’ Lowers Intraocular Pressure (IOP), while enhancing anti-stress, antinociception, vasomotor, and behaviour control functions, thereby selectively decreasing algogenic neural traffic in the ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (V1), and, raising the threshold to develop migraine. Striking migraine headache-aborting feature of vomiting is also likely linked to a several hundred-fold increase in arginine-vasopressin secretion. Eye-cover tests and self-ocular digital displacement are essential to studying the visual aura. Real-time physical displacement of Scintillating Scotoma (SS) and floating ‘stars’ is reported. The basis of spontaneous onset and offset, self-limited duration of migraine attacks, as well as female preponderance, and age/menopause decline in prevalence, are elucidated. Intraocular implants with long-term ocular hypotensive effects, including bimatoprost, are the future of migraine management. Controlled trials are required to establish the migraine-preventive effect of topical bimatoprost, a revolutionary advance in neuroscience.
自古以来,偏头痛就是一种复杂的原发性疾病,是一种发作性自律神经系统(ANS)疼痛风暴,通常发生在压力/压力后阶段。尽管在过去 50 年中对神经肽、神经化学物质、分子、神经遗传学、神经影像学以及动物和人体实验进行了详尽的研究,但偏头痛的科学基础仍然是未知的。从皮质扩展性抑郁(CSD)到降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)及其拮抗剂,横跨八十年的时间里,呈指数级增长的数据未能形成一个格式塔综合体。本文为偏头痛的理解和管理提供了连贯而有力的基本原则。偏头痛与非充血性原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)、正常张力性青光眼(NTG)或低张力性青光眼(LTG)之间的连续性正在不断推进。本文介绍了在一项 N-of-1 试验中,3 名难治性偏头痛患者使用眼部降压外用比马前列素眼药水(BOS)0.3% 后,偏头痛发作在 3-5 年间持续缓解(> 75%)的病例。偏头痛的自律神经系统(ANS)-应激/应激后相关生物学特性的基础是一个因果-适应过程。血管加压素-羟色胺-去甲肾上腺素 "平衡适应系统 "可降低眼压(IOP),同时增强抗应激、抗痛觉、血管运动和行为控制功能,从而有选择性地减少三叉神经眼分部(V1)的藻类神经流量,并提高偏头痛的发病阈值。呕吐可缓解偏头痛的显著特点也可能与精氨酸加压素分泌量增加几百倍有关。眼罩测试和自眼数字位移对研究视觉先兆至关重要。报告了闪烁视网膜瘤(SS)和漂浮 "星星 "的实时物理位移。阐明了偏头痛自发发作和偏移、自限性发作持续时间、女性偏多以及年龄/更年期发病率下降的基础。包括比马前列素在内的具有长期降眼压作用的眼内植入物是治疗偏头痛的未来趋势。需要进行对照试验,以确定局部用药比马前列素的偏头痛预防效果,这是神经科学的革命性进步。
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引用次数: 0
The Dynamics of Eating Behavior Disorders and the Level of General Psychological Adaptation in Bodybuilding and Fitness Athletes 健美健身运动员饮食行为障碍的动态与一般心理适应水平
Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.29328/journal.jnnd.1001081
Mihaita Elena, Mitrache Georgeta, Stoica Marius, Tonis Rocsana Manea Bucea
Knowing the psychological traits and clinically relevant symptoms for the development and maintenance of Eating Behavior Disorders (EDD) in bodybuilding and fitness athletes is a necessity for early intervention and the elimination of stressors that contribute to improving sports performance and quality of life. The aim of the study: To know the dynamics of EDD and the level of general psychological adaptation in athletes who practice bodybuilding and fitness according to sports gender and age. By applying the Inventory of Eating Disorders, EDI-III on 30 participants, bodybuilding and fitness practitioners, aged between 19 and 53, of which 21 are male and 9 are female, psychological traits were investigated relevant (low self-esteem, perfectionism, asceticism, fear of maturity, interpersonal, emotional problems, exaggerated control, and others) in order to know the level of distress and the presence of clinically relevant symptoms for the development and maintenance of EDD (the desire to being thin, bulimia, body dissatisfaction) We concluded that most of the athletes fall within the limits of the threshold values ​​established for the evaluated scales, 30% of the athletes (3 female athletes and 6 male athletes), obtained scores rated above the threshold on at least one of the clinical scales, which means that the risk of EDD is present in some athletes. The average of the investigated psychological scales calculated for the rated scores to establish the level of general psychological adaptation does not exceed the specified threshold for each investigated dimension separately, except for the asceticism, interpersonal problems, and exaggerated control scales. Female athletes have greater psychological balance than male athletes and lower risk of ED than male athletes, important aspects of personality and mental health in psychological training as a screening tool in the process of optimizing the effectiveness of bodybuilding and fitness training.
了解健美和健身运动员饮食行为障碍(EDD)发展和维持的心理特征和临床相关症状,是早期干预和消除压力源的必要条件,有助于提高运动成绩和生活质量。研究目的:了解不同运动性别和年龄的健美健身运动员的EDD动态和一般心理适应水平。采用进食障碍量表(EDI-III)对30名年龄在19 ~ 53岁的健美健身从业人员(男性21人,女性9人)进行问卷调查,考察其相关心理特征(低自尊、完美主义、禁欲主义、成熟恐惧、人际关系、情绪问题、控制欲过强、自我意识低下)。我们的结论是,大多数运动员都在为评估量表建立的阈值范围内,30%的运动员(3名女运动员和6名男运动员)在至少一个临床量表上获得了高于阈值的分数。这意味着EDD的风险存在于一些运动员身上。除苦行主义、人际关系问题和夸大控制量表外,用于建立一般心理适应水平的评定分数所计算的被调查心理量表的平均值不超过每个被调查维度的规定阈值。女性运动员的心理平衡水平高于男性运动员,ED的发生风险低于男性运动员,人格和心理健康是心理训练中重要的方面,可作为优化健美健身训练效果过程中的筛选工具。
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引用次数: 0
Update in the Understanding, Diagnosis, and Management of Sturge Weber Syndrome: Case Report 斯特格·韦伯综合征的最新认识、诊断和治疗:病例报告
Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.29328/journal.jnnd.1001080
Sandoval Mariana Catalina Garcini, Zúñiga Enrique Espinosa, Toribio Martha Guadalupe García
Sturge-Weber Syndrome (SWS) is a congenital, vascular, neurocutaneous, uncommon disease associated with facial angiomas port wine birthmark (PWB) or “nevus flammeus”, cerebral vascularity alterations (leptomeningeal vascular malformation), and ocular disorders. It is the third most common neurocutaneous syndrome after neurofibromatosis and tuberous sclerosis. GNAQ R183Q is the most frequent related mutation, caused by a postzygotic, somatic, gain-of-function. 75% of patients present seizures during the first year of life, mainly focal motor seizures, with or without consciousness impairment. We present the case of a 33-year-old female with a diagnosis of SWS, with refractory seizures that started at 4 months of age. In this admission, she presented upper and lower respiratory tract infections that culminated in a convulsive status epilepticus (CSE), the reason for which she required sedation and advanced airway management with adjustment of the anti-seizure medication (ASM). An electroencephalogram (EEG) was performed that reported epileptic activity, as well as an imaging study with data suggestive of calcification in the frontal and right parietal region, compatible with vascular malformation.
斯特奇-韦伯综合征(SWS)是一种先天性、血管性、神经皮肤性的罕见疾病,与面部血管瘤、葡萄酒胎记(PWB)或“烈焰痣”、脑血管改变(脑膜小血管畸形)和眼部疾病有关。它是继神经纤维瘤病和结节性硬化症之后第三常见的神经皮肤综合征。GNAQ R183Q是最常见的相关突变,由受精卵后体细胞功能获得引起。75%的患者在出生后第一年出现癫痫发作,主要是局灶性运动癫痫发作,伴有或不伴有意识障碍。我们提出的情况下,一个33岁的女性诊断为SWS,难治性癫痫发作,开始于4个月大。在此入院中,患者出现上呼吸道和下呼吸道感染,最终导致惊厥性癫痫持续状态(CSE),因此她需要镇静和先进的气道管理,并调整抗癫痫药物(ASM)。脑电图(EEG)报告癫痫活动,以及成像研究数据提示在额叶和右顶叶区钙化,与血管畸形相一致。
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引用次数: 0
Synergistic Approach: Photobiomodulation, Neuromodulation, and Drug Therapy in Neuropsychiatry. A Promising Strategy to Enhance PBM Adoption and Neurotherapy Efficacy 协同方法:神经精神病学中的光生物调节、神经调节和药物治疗。一个有希望的策略,以提高PBM的采用和神经治疗疗效
Pub Date : 2023-08-18 DOI: 10.29328/journal.jnnd.1001079
Vahedifard Farzan
Photobiomodulation (PBM) is an effective method for treating neuropsychiatric diseases, yet its universal acceptance and utilization remain constrained. In this Letter to the Editor/Expert Opinion, we address the challenges confronting PBM researchers and pioneers, striving to establish universal confidence in its exclusive application for neuropsychiatric patient care. Despite encouraging animal experiments and selecting positive human clinical trial outcomes, PBM’s widespread acceptance of PBM is hindered by factors including limited clinical studies and clashes with established therapies, such as drug therapy and psychotherapy. To overcome these obstacles and broaden PBM’s adoption and application of PBM in neuropsychiatry, we propose a combinatorial therapy approach. By integrating PBM with interventions such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) or drug therapy, a cumulative effect can be attained, benefiting both patients and therapists. Patients gain access to diverse treatment options and experience synergistic effects of combined therapies, thereby enhancing outcomes. Therapists benefit from expanded intervention choices and improved quality of patient care. This study introduces a novel strategy of amalgamating PBM with recognized interventions, such as CBT and drug therapy, to address existing challenges. This combined approach offers a practical solution to augment PBM acceptance and usage in the realm of neuropsychiatry. To endorse this strategy, a shift in the research direction is imperative. Future studies should investigate the amalgamated use of PBM with other neurointerventions, such as CBT or drug therapy. Robust clinical trials contrasting groups like “PBM + CBT” and “PBM (sham) + rTMS” are vital to persuade clinicians and patients toward embracing combined PBM therapies. Although PBM’s eventual autonomy as a neuropsychiatric treatment is an overarching goal, the present combination therapy approach proves practical, inevitable, and mutually beneficial. By bridging conventional therapies with PBM, this strategy may facilitate wider acceptance and utilization in neuropsychiatry.
光生物调节(PBM)是治疗神经精神疾病的有效方法,但其普遍接受和利用仍受到限制。在这封致编辑/专家意见的信中,我们解决了PBM研究人员和先驱面临的挑战,努力建立对其在神经精神病患者护理中的独家应用的普遍信心。尽管鼓励动物实验和选择积极的人体临床试验结果,但PBM的广泛接受受到一些因素的阻碍,包括有限的临床研究和与现有疗法(如药物治疗和心理治疗)的冲突。为了克服这些障碍,扩大PBM在神经精神病学中的采用和应用,我们提出了一种组合治疗方法。通过将PBM与认知行为疗法(CBT)或药物治疗等干预措施相结合,可以获得累积效应,使患者和治疗师都受益。患者可以获得多种治疗选择,并体验到联合治疗的协同效应,从而提高疗效。治疗师受益于扩大干预选择和提高病人护理质量。本研究引入了一种新的策略,将PBM与公认的干预措施(如CBT和药物治疗)相结合,以解决现有的挑战。这种结合的方法提供了一个实际的解决方案,以增加PBM在神经精神病学领域的接受和使用。为了支持这一战略,研究方向的转变势在必行。未来的研究应该调查PBM与其他神经干预措施的联合使用,如CBT或药物治疗。强有力的临床试验对比了“PBM + CBT”和“PBM(假)+ rTMS”这两组,这对于说服临床医生和患者接受PBM联合疗法至关重要。虽然PBM作为神经精神治疗的最终自主权是一个首要目标,但目前的联合治疗方法被证明是实用的、不可避免的和互利的。通过将传统疗法与PBM相结合,这种策略可能会促进神经精神病学更广泛的接受和应用。
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引用次数: 0
Psychosis in Parkinson’s Disease and Current Management Trends- an Updated Review of Literature 帕金森氏病的精神病和当前的管理趋势-最新文献综述
Pub Date : 2023-07-26 DOI: 10.29328/journal.jnnd.1001078
Dutta Rajib
As a neurodegenerative disorder, Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by a combination of premotor, motor, and nonmotor symptoms. PD is commonly accompanied by psychosis, which is one of the commonest symptoms in the long run. As a result of Parkinson’s disease psychosis (PDP), symptoms can range from minor consequences of the disease (illusions, passage hallucinations, and presence hallucinations), to visual and nonvisual hallucinations and delusions. PDP is associated with a reduction in function and a reduction in quality of life as well. It is commonly believed that PDP is related to economic burden, and it has a significant impact on the utilization of long-term care services. The main focus should be on diagnosing, classifying, and managing PDP in an appropriate manner. As a first step in the management of PDP patients, the emphasis should be on identifying and treating any contributing medical factors, reducing or discontinuing medications that could cause or worsen psychosis, as well as nonpharmacological strategies and considering acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for treatment when dementia is present. A number of medications are being considered for use in PDP, including pimavanserin, quetiapine, and clozapine. The purpose of the current review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the disorder in the general population with PD, including epidemiology, psychotic symptoms, risk factors, triggers, neuro-signaling pathways, diagnosis, and treatment of PDP.
作为一种神经退行性疾病,帕金森病(PD)的特点是运动前、运动和非运动症状的结合。PD通常伴有精神病,这是长期最常见的症状之一。作为帕金森病精神病(PDP)的结果,症状可以从疾病的轻微后果(幻觉、通道幻觉和存在幻觉)到视觉和非视觉幻觉和妄想。PDP与功能下降和生活质量下降有关。一般认为PDP与经济负担有关,对长期照护服务的利用有显著影响。重点应放在以适当的方式诊断、分类和管理PDP上。作为PDP患者管理的第一步,重点应该是识别和治疗任何可能导致或加重精神病的医学因素,减少或停用可能导致或加重精神病的药物,以及非药物策略,并考虑在出现痴呆时使用乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂进行治疗。许多药物正在考虑用于PDP,包括匹马万色林、喹硫平和氯氮平。本综述的目的是全面了解普通PD患者的疾病,包括流行病学、精神病症状、危险因素、触发因素、神经信号通路、PDP的诊断和治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Sleep quality and Laboratory Findings in Patients with Varicose Vein Leg Pain 静脉曲张腿痛患者的睡眠质量和实验室结果
Pub Date : 2023-06-24 DOI: 10.29328/journal.jnnd.1001077
Acır Ibrahim, Atay Zeynep Vildan Okudan, Atay Mehmet, Yayla Vildan
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the association between sleep quality, as measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and laboratory findings in patients presenting with the complaint of leg pain due to varicose veins. Materials and Methods: A total of 160 patients with leg pain were included in this study. Sleep quality was assessed using the PSQI, and laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate ferritin, iron, vitamin B12, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and hemoglobin levels. Statistical analyses were performed using the independent t-test or Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables. Results: Patients with poor sleep quality had a significantly higher prevalence of leg pain complaints compared to those with good sleep quality (p < 0.001). Females were more likely to report poor sleep quality (p = 0.006). No significant associations were found between sleep quality and age, smoking status, alcohol use, or pack/year of smoking. Patients with poor sleep quality had significantly lower ferritin levels (p = 0.008), lower albumin levels (p = 0.031), and lower hemoglobin levels (p = 0.036) compared to patients with good sleep quality. However, no significant differences were observed in other laboratory parameters. Conclusion: The findings suggest a significant association between poor sleep quality and leg pain complaints in patients with varicose veins. Lower ferritin, albumin, and hemoglobin levels in patients with poor sleep quality may indicate potential underlying mechanisms linking sleep quality and leg pain. Addressing sleep quality issues in patients with leg pain could improve overall well-being and treatment outcomes.
目的:本研究旨在调查匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)测量的睡眠质量与因静脉曲张引起的腿部疼痛患者的实验室结果之间的关系。材料与方法:本研究共纳入160例下肢疼痛患者。使用PSQI评估睡眠质量,并进行实验室测试以评估铁蛋白、铁、维生素B12、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、c反应蛋白(CRP)、白蛋白、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)和血红蛋白水平。统计分析对连续变量采用独立t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验,对分类变量采用卡方检验。结果:与睡眠质量良好的患者相比,睡眠质量差的患者有更高的腿痛主诉患病率(p < 0.001)。女性更有可能报告睡眠质量差(p = 0.006)。睡眠质量与年龄、吸烟状况、酒精使用或吸烟包数/年之间没有明显关联。与睡眠质量良好的患者相比,睡眠质量差的患者铁蛋白水平(p = 0.008)、白蛋白水平(p = 0.031)和血红蛋白水平(p = 0.036)均显著低于睡眠质量好的患者。然而,在其他实验室参数中没有观察到显著差异。结论:研究结果表明,睡眠质量差与静脉曲张患者的腿痛主诉之间存在显著关联。睡眠质量差的患者的铁蛋白、白蛋白和血红蛋白水平较低,可能表明睡眠质量和腿痛之间存在潜在的联系机制。解决腿痛患者的睡眠质量问题可以改善整体健康状况和治疗效果。
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引用次数: 0
Cost Variation Analysis of Various Brands of Anti-Depressants Agents Currently Available in Indian Markets 目前印度市场上各种品牌抗抑郁药的成本变化分析
Pub Date : 2023-06-21 DOI: 10.29328/journal.jnnd.1001076
Shamsher Singh Manpreet,, Gupta Gd, Aran Khadga Raj
Depression is a mental, psychiatric medical condition or disorder in which individuals manifest some clinical syndrome characterized by sadness, mood swings, societal withdrawal, lack of interest, family issues, and education problems which affect the daily student life in which the individual does not participate in daily activities. Sometimes individual commits suicide due to exam stress and that swings the mood upon the condition of the individual. The cost of brand-name medications prescribed in such circumstances exacerbates the disease burden and may even result in noncompliance with therapy. IDR (Indian Depository Receipt) was used to calculate the cost of various antidepressant drug brands. Using the percentage cost ratio, one can ascertain the price of each brand’s 10 tablets in INR (Indian Rupees), the cost ratio, and the percentage cost variance. The difference between the greatest and lowest prices of the same drug produced by Indian pharmaceutical industries was calculated. There is a greater price disparity between agents on the market. The greatest expense variance was found to be amitriptyline 25 mg (195%), fluoxetine 50 mg (95%), sertraline 50 mg (83%) and the lowest % cost variation was of fluvoxamine 20 mg (13.8 mg), duloxetine 20 mg (16%) and escitalopram 10 mg (38%). On the Indian market, the average price disparity between antidepressant medications of various brands is quite high. If a pricey brand is prescribed, patients will incur additional costs.
抑郁症是一种精神、精神医学状况或障碍,个体表现出一些临床症状,其特征是悲伤、情绪波动、社交退缩、缺乏兴趣、家庭问题和教育问题,这些问题影响了日常学生生活,个体无法参与日常活动。有时个人会因为考试压力而自杀,这会影响个人的情绪。在这种情况下开出的名牌药物的费用加剧了疾病负担,甚至可能导致不遵守治疗。IDR(印度存托凭证)用于计算各种抗抑郁药物品牌的成本。使用百分比成本比,可以确定每个品牌的10片的INR(印度卢比)的价格,成本比和百分比成本差异。计算了印度制药业生产的同一种药品的最高和最低价格之间的差异。市场上代理商之间的价格差距更大。费用差异最大的是阿米替林25 mg(195%)、氟西汀50 mg(95%)、舍曲林50 mg(83%),费用差异最小的是氟伏沙明20 mg (13.8 mg)、度洛西汀20 mg(16%)和艾司西酞普兰10 mg(38%)。在印度市场上,各种品牌的抗抑郁药物的平均价格差距相当大。如果给病人开的是昂贵品牌的药,病人将需要支付额外的费用。
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引用次数: 0
Considering antioxidant supplements as a means to prevent diseases 考虑将抗氧化剂补充剂作为预防疾病的一种手段
Pub Date : 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.29328/journal.jnnd.1001075
You Fukka, Harakawa Yoshiaki, Inufusa Haruhiko
Elevated oxidative stress causes lipids, proteins, and sugars in the body to oxidise, genetic damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and poor antioxidant defense. As well, oxidative stress induces in lammation by elevating active in lammatory factors. It is widely believed that when this vicious cycle is prolonged, it promotes disease conditions, therefore, breaking this cycle of oxidative stress is paramount for preventing the onset of disease.
氧化应激升高会导致体内脂质、蛋白质和糖氧化、基因损伤、线粒体功能障碍和抗氧化防御能力低下。同时,氧化应激通过提高炎症因子的活性诱导炎症形成。人们普遍认为,当这种恶性循环延长时,它会促进疾病的发生,因此,打破这种氧化应激循环对于预防疾病的发生至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Mercury toxicity and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 汞中毒与肌萎缩性侧索硬化症
Pub Date : 2023-03-23 DOI: 10.29328/journal.jnnd.1001074
Ungaro Carmine, Sprovieri Teresa
Recent clinical, experimental and epidemiological studies report that ALS is thought possibly due to a multi-stage process, arising from a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors, which alone or superimposed, perhaps on genetic polymorphism yet to be identified, may contribute to the incidence rate of sporadic ALS. In particular, a large amount of evidence suggests that mercury is toxic to motor neurons and may be a risk factor for ALS, playing a part in its pathogenesis. In fact, there have been case reports of ALS or ALS-like symptoms associated with mercury exposure, thus raising the possibility that mercury could be one of the non-genetic factors of the multistep process that is thought to underlie ALS. In order to give recent elucidations on the putative relationship between mercury exposure and ALS, we reviewed all the papers reported in the literature and published on Pubmed from 2006 to 2022. Despite a number of pathogenetic mechanisms that have been linked to mercury, evidence linking exposure to mercury to ALS is not consistent and discordant and, based on the evaluation of the articles, which emerged from our analysis that to date no convincing correlation between mercury and ALS has been established and no conclusive evidence has been enlightened suggesting increased mercury exposure is associated with ALS.
最近的临床、实验和流行病学研究报告认为,ALS可能是一个多阶段的过程,由遗传易感性和环境因素共同引起,这些因素可能单独或叠加在尚未确定的遗传多态性上,可能导致散发性ALS的发病率。特别是,大量证据表明,汞对运动神经元有毒性,可能是ALS的危险因素,在其发病机制中起作用。事实上,已经有与汞接触有关的ALS或ALS样症状的病例报告,从而提高了汞可能是被认为是ALS背后的多步骤过程的非遗传因素之一的可能性。为了对汞暴露与ALS之间的假定关系给出最新的解释,我们回顾了2006年至2022年在Pubmed上发表的所有文献报道。尽管有许多致病机制与汞有关,但将接触汞与ALS联系起来的证据并不一致和不一致,根据对文章的评估,我们的分析得出,迄今为止,汞与ALS之间没有令人信服的相关性,也没有确凿的证据表明汞接触增加与ALS有关。
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引用次数: 0
Case study (A and B): a patient with Parkinson’s disease 案例研究(A和B):一位帕金森病患者
Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.29328/journal.jnnd.1001073
Hasan Muhammad Zulkifl, Hussain Muhammad Zunnurain, Anjum Khadeeja, Anwar Arha
Parkinson’s disease is a progressive and debilitating neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. The disease is characterized by motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity and postural instability, as well as non-motor symptoms such as depression and cognitive impairment. While there is no cure for Parkinson’s disease, there are various treatments available to manage symptoms and improve quality of life for patients. This case study examines a 65-year-old retired accountant, Mr. John Smith, who was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease five years ago. Mr. Smith has been treated with a combination of medications, including levodopa and carbidopa and physical therapy to manage his symptoms. However, his symptoms have not significantly improved. This literature review explores the current research on Parkinson’s disease, including its pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Parkinson’s disease is caused by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, leading to a depletion of dopamine and the accumulation of alpha-synuclein protein, oxidative stress and inflammation. Diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms, neurological examination and response to dopaminergic therapy. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, with medications and non-pharmacological interventions such as exercise and physical therapy. Deep brain stimulation is a surgical treatment option that has been shown to be effective in managing motor symptoms. While there is currently no cure for Parkinson’s disease, ongoing research into its pathophysiology and treatment holds promise for improving outcomes for patients. This case study highlights the importance of early diagnosis and personalized treatment plans for patients with Parkinson’s disease.
帕金森氏症是一种进行性和衰弱性神经退行性疾病,影响着全世界数百万人。该疾病的特征是运动症状,如震颤、僵硬和姿势不稳定,以及非运动症状,如抑郁和认知障碍。虽然帕金森氏症无法治愈,但有各种治疗方法可以控制症状并改善患者的生活质量。本案例研究的对象是65岁的退休会计师约翰·史密斯先生,他在五年前被诊断出患有帕金森病。史密斯先生一直在接受包括左旋多巴和卡比多巴在内的综合药物治疗和物理治疗来控制他的症状。然而,他的症状并没有明显改善。本文就帕金森病的病理生理、诊断和治疗等方面的研究现状进行综述。帕金森氏症是由大脑中产生多巴胺的神经元退化引起的,导致多巴胺的消耗和α -突触核蛋白的积累,氧化应激和炎症。诊断基于临床症状、神经学检查和对多巴胺能治疗的反应。治疗的重点是控制症状,通过药物和非药物干预,如运动和物理治疗。脑深部刺激是一种外科治疗选择,已被证明对控制运动症状有效。虽然目前还没有治愈帕金森病的方法,但对其病理生理学和治疗的持续研究有望改善患者的预后。本病例研究强调了帕金森病患者早期诊断和个性化治疗计划的重要性。
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Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Disorders
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