EEA - Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica最新文献

{"title":"Preventive Maintenance in Solar Energy Systems and Fault Detection for Solar Panels based on Thermal Images","authors":"Alexandru-Ionel Constantin, G. Iosif, R. Chihaia, D. Marin, Gafireh Umut ABU SHEHADEH, Mehmet Karahan, Bilgin Gerikoglu, Stefan Stavrev","doi":"10.46904/eea.23.71.1.1108001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46904/eea.23.71.1.1108001","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the importance of renewable energy in reducing the potential dangers of global warming and climate crises in the context of increase in global energy comp Sumption that will lead to increase of emission of greenhouse gases. to and of the maintenance in solar energy systems. The operation and maintenance activities of photovoltaic systems represent aspects not to be neglected for obtaining the profitability of investments and ensuring their viability and reliability. Currently, the procedures applied mainly refer to simple techniques such as visual inspection and scheduled maintenance strategies. Also, the types of faults that can may appear in photovoltaic panels and the ones can be detected by thermography (single hot spot, multiple hot spots, activation of the bypass diode and a higher temperature of the junction box) are presented with their characteristics and severity. In the last part of the article a thermal imaging processing software based on artificial intelligence technology is proposed for use for the preventive maintenance, in order to detect the photovoltaic(solar) panels with faults to be repaired or changed to increase the efference of the system. The Software will be use to develop an innovative maintenance and repair curricula for the departments related to solar energy in vocational and technical education schools in order to better predict and prevent malfunctions in solar energy systems.","PeriodicalId":38292,"journal":{"name":"EEA - Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72952813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges of Nanotechnologies and some Reliability Aspects","authors":"Titu-Marius I. Băjenescu","doi":"10.46904/eea.23.71.1.1108007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46904/eea.23.71.1.1108007","url":null,"abstract":"The paper takes a fresh look at lessons learned from the last domain development. After a short introduction, the advent of 3D Technology, the device shrinking, carbon nanotubes, packaging and fabrication, critical dimensions, safety of environmental, health and safety (EHS), and the evaluation of reliability are presented.","PeriodicalId":38292,"journal":{"name":"EEA - Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87859813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure Design of Multi-DOF Motor with Stator Permanent Magnet based on Flux Switching","authors":"Xiwen Guo, Zhaowei Fang, Rui Zhou, Qunjing Wang, Ronglin Zhang","doi":"10.46904/eea.23.71.1.1108005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46904/eea.23.71.1.1108005","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims at the problems of no core in the stator coil of a compact multi-degree-of-freedom (M-DOF) motor, i.e., small output torque and low power density. In order to increase the output torque, a stator permanent magnet spherical motor based on flux switching is proposed. Firstly, the principle of flux switching is introduced. The basic structure of the new motor is preliminarily designed, and the motion mechanism is analysed for spin motion and tilt motion respectively. Then the minimum model of a novel motor is established in ANSYS by using the virtual displacement method. The key parameters such as the ratio of stator pole tooth to permanent magnet size, different stator pole tooth end structures, different pole tooth surface shapes, different pole sizes, permanent magnet thickness, different magnetisation methods and different ampere-turn numbers are optimised within a reasonable parameter range. The simulation results are analysed and discussed, and the optimal results for each key parameter are thus given. Finally, considering the arrangement of the stator and rotor poles, the rationality of the three-DOF motion was verified by means of two energising strategies, spin motion and tilt motion, verified the reasonableness of the above optimal parameters and thus determined the structural parameters of the new spherical motor to accomplish the three-DOF motion and the maximum torque range. The simulation results show that the electromagnetic torque varies approximately linearly over a range of ampere-turns for the same position of the rotor pole teeth. It provides an opportunity for the M-DOF motor design of a high torque output and power density.","PeriodicalId":38292,"journal":{"name":"EEA - Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81168825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Series APF based on Five and Seven-Level NPC Inverters using modified PQ Method","authors":"Salim Chennai","doi":"10.46904/eea.23.71.1.1108003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46904/eea.23.71.1.1108003","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the performance analysis of Series Active Power Filter (Series APF) based on five and seven-level neutral point clamped (npc) using modified instantaneous reactive power control strategy to use for harmonic and all voltage disturbances compensation. The conventional configuration based on standard voltage source inverter (VSI) with hysteresis controller presents several drawbacks such us uneven switching frequency and limited power applications. Multi-level inverters such us Five and seven-level are currently being investigated and used in various industrial applications; their advantages include the capability to reduce the harmonic content and decrease the voltage or current ratings of the semiconductors with low switching losses, low electromagnetic interference, and low acoustic noise. Fuzzy controllers are successfully employed in various industrial applications and are found more robust than conventional controllers; they represent a good alternative to classic control systems. To benefit of all these advantages two configuration of Series APF are presented in this paper adopting the same control scheme based on Phase Disposition-Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (PD-SPWM) and fuzzy logic control (FLC). The proposed two series APF are evaluated using MATLAB-Simulink software and SimPowerSystem Toolbox for harmonic compensation and in case of all voltage disturbances compensation. The simulation results show the performance and the efficiency of the proposed Series APF based on seven-lever (npc) inverter in the improvement of the power quality.","PeriodicalId":38292,"journal":{"name":"EEA - Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83442250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multivariate and Global Particle Swarm Algorithm Optimization in mmWave Massive MIMO for Angle Domain Channel Estimation","authors":"Feng Hu, Jiachuan Gao, Yuzhe Chen, Feng Gao","doi":"10.46904/eea.22.70.4.1108008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46904/eea.22.70.4.1108008","url":null,"abstract":"Exploitation of massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output gains for downlink transmission in Millimetre Wave Systems comes at the expense of obtaining accurate channel estimation and computing complexity. Moreover, the fundamental task of massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output channel estimation is to exploit the characteristics of the channel and sparsity of these multi-antennas systems to simplify complicated spatial structures. We tackle the channel estimation problem in constructing angle domain channel model with multivariate optimization. In the proposed global particle swarm optimization for angle domain aided scheme, the channel estimation design is decoupled into two parts The simulation results are provided to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed algorithm over the traditional CS-based channel estimation methods.","PeriodicalId":38292,"journal":{"name":"EEA - Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84002404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Defective Five Levels Inverter on Input Output Linearization Control for Induction Motor","authors":"K. Mendaz, M. Flitti, Y. Benhadda, A. Attou, A. Bendaoud","doi":"10.46904/eea.22.70.4.1108004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46904/eea.22.70.4.1108004","url":null,"abstract":"Induction Motor (IM) speed control is an area of research that has been in prominence for some time now. In this paper, a nonlinear controller is presented for induction motor drives. The nonlinear controller is designed based on input-output feedback linearization control technique. The input-output feedback linearization control decouples the flux control from the speed control and makes the synthesis of linear controllers possible. This article presented input output linearization control for induction motor associated with NPC three levels inverter defective, the inverter faults are usually caused by operating faults in the switch elements. Switching faults occur in rectifier diodes, the capacitor and IGBT switches of the inverter. The inverter switches defected reduce the performance of the motor, in our study , we apply the input-output linearization control to test their robustness and performance for detection of fault influence on the physical parameters of the motor, for this purpose we apply two faults, we start by creating a fault in two switches K1 and K7 which have in the first and second arm of the inverter then we create a faults in the three switches K1, K7 and K10 which are in the three arms of the inverter. The simulations results are done by the use of MATLAB/Simulink that show the detection fault effect by input output linearization control on the different induction motor responses.","PeriodicalId":38292,"journal":{"name":"EEA - Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80660606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Series DC Arc Characteristic and Diagnosis Strategy for Distributed PV Power Generation","authors":"Yuelong Gu, Chunyang Gong, Hui Chen, Jun Zhang, Zhixin Wang","doi":"10.46904/eea.22.70.4.1108001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46904/eea.22.70.4.1108001","url":null,"abstract":"In order to realize the nation’s goal of achieving carbon peaking before year 2030 and the carbon neutrality by year 2060, the installed capacity of distributed PV power generation system has increased year by year in China, which increases the probability of DC arc fault. The features of DC arc may be very weak under some conditions. When the current of DC arc is large and the voltage level of photovoltaic array is high, DC arc will be very stable, and it is hard to be detected. Besides, if there are many high-power devices around DC arc detector, the output signal of current sensor will be seriously interfered, and it will be more difficult to distinguish between normal state and arc fault state. DC arc can be divided into unstable combustion stage and stable combustion stage. When in stable combustion stage, DC arc is also hard to be detected. Fortunately, the features of DC arc are obvious when in unstable combustion stage and the value of current spectrum energy will significantly increase. When the spectrum energy exceeds the set threshold in five consecutive time windows, it is preliminarily determined that there is a suspected arc. If the spectrum energy still exceeds the set threshold within five consecutive time windows, it is finally determined that there is an arc fault, otherwise, short PV array for further diagnosis. If there is an arc fault, the fluctuation characteristics of DC arc will be enhanced and the loop current will go fluctuating intensely again, then spectrum energy calculated will exceed the set threshold and an arc fault alarm can be sent out. Taking into consideration the different features of DC arc’s unstable combustion stage and stable combustion stage, a Series DC arc diagnosis method based on current spectrum energy is proposed, which amplifies the fluctuation characteristics of arc current and keeps arc current fluctuating strongly for a long time by shorting the PV array. The spectrum energy is calculated through FFT analysis of each PV string’s current, compared to the calculated spectrum energy with the set threshold, and then decided whether DC arc fault exists. The results to an experimental platform verify the effectiveness of the arc detection method, which has advantages of low calculation cost and high accuracy.","PeriodicalId":38292,"journal":{"name":"EEA - Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75198656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Stress Screening and Burn-in","authors":"Titu-Marius I. Băjenescu","doi":"10.46904/eea.22.70.4.1108007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46904/eea.22.70.4.1108007","url":null,"abstract":"The ESS evolved from burn-in techniques but is a considerably advanced process. Generally, ESS is an accelerated process of stressing a product in continuous cycles between predetermined environmental extremes, primarily temperature cycling plus random vibration. Burn-in is a generally lengthy process of powering a product at a specified constant temperature.","PeriodicalId":38292,"journal":{"name":"EEA - Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84131807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency Improvement of Nonlinear Compressor System with Robust MIMO Reset Approach","authors":"Yuanyuan Xu, Hai Gu, Jianhua Sun, Jie Zhang, Hashem Imani Marrani","doi":"10.46904/eea.22.70.4.1108005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46904/eea.22.70.4.1108005","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a control design of the compressor system is analysed in order to demonstrate its characteristics and to improve efficiency. The state space model is constructed by the Moore-Greitzer nonlinear equations. Upstream flow acts as a control loop disorder and the compressor system cannot meet the requirements with flow variance, so it is essential that the controller adapts to the new conditions. Because the control signal is connected to the system output by a nonlinear model, a reset controller is used to control the compressor system. A robust reset controller has designed consistent with the PI + CI method. The robust controller is designed as multi-input-multi-output and uses two throttle control valve and close-coupled valve actuators to apply control signals. Two reset controllers with a harmonious combination in the structure of the compressor system provide the possibility of following the desired pressure and flow states. The proposed controller can stabilize the compressor and increase its efficiency in the event of any disturbance in addition to preventing surge instability. The simulation results show that the reset controller can provide good performance. It is proved that the convergence rate changes with changes in the controller parameters. Finally, the stability of the controller is examined under the most severe conditions.","PeriodicalId":38292,"journal":{"name":"EEA - Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84630900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smooth Planning for Manipulator with Multi-dimensional Actuator based on Quintic B-spline","authors":"Xiwen Guo, Zhou Fang, Qunjing Wang, Siao Wu, Ronghao Liu","doi":"10.46904/eea.22.70.4.1108003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46904/eea.22.70.4.1108003","url":null,"abstract":"In order to solve the impact problem of uneven velocity during continuous operation for manipulator with multi-dimensional actuator, a smooth planning scheme based on Quintic B-spline algorithm was proposed. Firstly, the physical model of multi-dimensional actuator and its working principle were introduced. At the same time, the motion of the output axis vertex in space was decomposed into three steps, which can make the position relationship between the points more intuitive and convenient for our study. Secondly, the characteristics of Quintic B-spline algorithm were analysed. In this step, the B-spline interpolation function was defined at first, and the basis function of polynomial of degree p was defined according to the relevant information and its characteristics were indicated. Then, we analysed the node sequence parameters. For Quintic B-spline algorithm, when the position sequence of the rotor running track was given, three conditions must be satisfied to uniquely determine the corresponding B-spline function, namely: node vector, control vertex and the degree p of the B-spline curve. On this basis, the boundary constraints and control vertices were solved, which was a very important step. By solving the control vertices of Quintic B-spline curve, a smooth and continuous angular displacement curve can be obtained. The addition of four boundary conditions greatly increases the controllability of the system, making the rotor can start and stop in any way within the constraint conditions, and the connection of each interpolation point is smooth and continuous. The Quintic B-spline algorithm interpolation curve was obtained by simulation based on the time-position sequence of the actuator interpolation points. The results of the interpolation curve verified the effectiveness of the Quintic B-spline algorithm. In addition, three continuous running planning conditions were designed for the same interpolation sequence of the rotor to verify the controllability of the algorithm to the angular velocity and angular acceleration of the rotor during operation. The simulation results show that the Quintic B-spline algorithm has strong controllability for the angular velocity of actuator, and can effectively alleviate the soft impact of the system. Finally, a smooth planning experimental platform with multi-dimensional actuator was built. By setting the same trajectory and different interpolation points, the proposed Quintic B-spline algorithm was compared with the existing S-shaped curve planning algorithm based on the improvement. The results show that the proposed scheme has high control accuracy and strong impact mitigation performance, which can provide a reference for other multi-dimensional actuator trajectory planning.","PeriodicalId":38292,"journal":{"name":"EEA - Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74380728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}