Pub Date : 2020-11-15DOI: 10.46904/eea.20.68.4.1108008
E. Darie, L. Pîslaru-Dănescu
This paper analyses the distribution of magnetic field sizes in the vicinity of high voltage overhead power lines (400 kV), in the context in which there is an intense concern about the effects of the electromagnetic field in the vicinity of high voltage and very high voltage power lines on the living organisms and especially on the humans. This concern is based on the assumption that exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields and especially to the 50 Hz magnetic field generated by high voltage overhead power lines can unduly affect the functioning of living cells and cause unwanted effects on health. The exposure limit values (ELVs), which produce undesirable effects on health, are different depending on the frequency range. The degree of exposure (public) results from the analysis of the values of the magnetic field quantities, obtained with the magnetic field tester, Hioki FT 3470 -50. The values obtained are compared with the limits imposed by the present standards, regarding the public exposure to electromagnetic fields.
本文分析了高压架空电力线(400kv)附近的磁场大小分布，分析了高压和特高压电力线附近的电磁场对生物特别是对人体的影响。这一关切是基于这样一种假设，即接触极低频电磁场，特别是接触高压架空电力线产生的50赫兹磁场，会不适当地影响活细胞的功能，并对健康造成不必要的影响。对健康产生不良影响的暴露极限值(elv)根据频率范围的不同而不同。暴露程度(公众)的结果来自于磁场量的分析值，用磁场测试仪Hioki FT 3470 -50获得。将所得值与现行标准规定的公众暴露于电磁场的限值进行比较。
{"title":"Distribution of Magnetic Field and Exposure Level Around of Overhead Power Lines","authors":"E. Darie, L. Pîslaru-Dănescu","doi":"10.46904/eea.20.68.4.1108008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46904/eea.20.68.4.1108008","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the distribution of magnetic field sizes in the vicinity of high voltage overhead power lines (400 kV), in the context in which there is an intense concern about the effects of the electromagnetic field in the vicinity of high voltage and very high voltage power lines on the living organisms and especially on the humans. This concern is based on the assumption that exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields and especially to the 50 Hz magnetic field generated by high voltage overhead power lines can unduly affect the functioning of living cells and cause unwanted effects on health. The exposure limit values (ELVs), which produce undesirable effects on health, are different depending on the frequency range. The degree of exposure (public) results from the analysis of the values of the magnetic field quantities, obtained with the magnetic field tester, Hioki FT 3470 -50. The values obtained are compared with the limits imposed by the present standards, regarding the public exposure to electromagnetic fields.","PeriodicalId":38292,"journal":{"name":"EEA - Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86258698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-15DOI: 10.46904/eea.20.68.4.1108011
K. Kula, Mostefa Mohamed-Seghir
This paper presents a project of a computer-added system that supports the work of autonomous control loops by performing an identification test. The purpose of this test is to automatically create the best possible in terms of the assumed criterion plant model, of which no a priori knowledge is required, and then, on the basis of this model, to adjust the relevant controller or to incorporate it into the structure of the supervised control system. It is not the human being who decides whether a model belongs to a particular category, but the system automatically. When constructing the transfer function models, the analysis of the response shape of the object was carried out, and the Åström-Hågglund method was used to determine their parameters. The paper presents a brief description of the measurements carried out and the dependencies used to calculate the required parameters of various models. Simulation of relay tests was conducted and their results in the form of a table were attached to the article.
{"title":"Computer-Added System Selecting the Sub-Optimal Model of the Control Object","authors":"K. Kula, Mostefa Mohamed-Seghir","doi":"10.46904/eea.20.68.4.1108011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46904/eea.20.68.4.1108011","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a project of a computer-added system that supports the work of autonomous control loops by performing an identification test. The purpose of this test is to automatically create the best possible in terms of the assumed criterion plant model, of which no a priori knowledge is required, and then, on the basis of this model, to adjust the relevant controller or to incorporate it into the structure of the supervised control system. It is not the human being who decides whether a model belongs to a particular category, but the system automatically. When constructing the transfer function models, the analysis of the response shape of the object was carried out, and the Åström-Hågglund method was used to determine their parameters. The paper presents a brief description of the measurements carried out and the dependencies used to calculate the required parameters of various models. Simulation of relay tests was conducted and their results in the form of a table were attached to the article.","PeriodicalId":38292,"journal":{"name":"EEA - Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76478023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-15DOI: 10.46904/eea.20.68.4.1108007
G. Iosif, J. Pintea, C. Morari, G. Suciu, A. Petrache, Vlad Brezoianu
The present work is trying to clarify some aspects on the problem regarding the influence of conducted perturbations on a shielded room, shortly said the electromagnetic compatibility of a shielded room versus these perturbations. The main problems on this subject of electromagnetic compatibility are preventing mains power perturbations, data measurements delivering to the external platforms, and the shielding effectiveness of the room. A t present , these problems were the kernel of SITEM — a research project on electromagnetic shielding of enclosures. The article is describing aspects on the perturbations coupling, shielding effectiveness, common and differential modes of perturbations. Aspects on conducted perturbations, mitigation methods and devices, practical implementations of them and, of course, results of tests and measurements are presented.
{"title":"Electromagnetic Compatibility of a Shielded Enclosure in the Presence of Conducted Perturbations","authors":"G. Iosif, J. Pintea, C. Morari, G. Suciu, A. Petrache, Vlad Brezoianu","doi":"10.46904/eea.20.68.4.1108007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46904/eea.20.68.4.1108007","url":null,"abstract":"The present work is trying to clarify some aspects on the problem regarding the influence of conducted perturbations on a shielded room, shortly said the electromagnetic compatibility of a shielded room versus these perturbations. The main problems on this subject of electromagnetic compatibility are preventing mains power perturbations, data measurements delivering to the external platforms, and the shielding effectiveness of the room. A t present , these problems were the kernel of SITEM — a research project on electromagnetic shielding of enclosures. The article is describing aspects on the perturbations coupling, shielding effectiveness, common and differential modes of perturbations. Aspects on conducted perturbations, mitigation methods and devices, practical implementations of them and, of course, results of tests and measurements are presented.","PeriodicalId":38292,"journal":{"name":"EEA - Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87520866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-15DOI: 10.46904/eea.20.68.4.1108002
L. Zheng, Gao Menghai, Chen Liyuan, Zhang Wen-da, S. Hexu
T his paper takes a kind of nautilus isometric spiral wind turbine as prototype, and by analysing the structural and aerodynamic performance of this wind turbine, three wind deflectors with different structures are designed. The torque characteristic and wake characteristic of the wind turbine are analysed by simulation method and the influence of three different structures of wind deflector on the performance of wind turbine is compared. T he results indicate that t he performance of the wind turbine is improved significantly after installed the wind deflector. It provides mentality for the research method on the wind deflector of the vertical axis wind turbine. Finally, according to the wake characteristic of wind turbine, the reasonable spacing of the wind turbine cluster operation was analysed, the vertical arrangement and horizontal arrangements are designed, and the reliability of the arrangement is verified.
{"title":"Wind Deflector Design and Wake Characteristics of New Type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine in Renewable Power Generation","authors":"L. Zheng, Gao Menghai, Chen Liyuan, Zhang Wen-da, S. Hexu","doi":"10.46904/eea.20.68.4.1108002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46904/eea.20.68.4.1108002","url":null,"abstract":"T his paper takes a kind of nautilus isometric spiral wind turbine as prototype, and by analysing the structural and aerodynamic performance of this wind turbine, three wind deflectors with different structures are designed. The torque characteristic and wake characteristic of the wind turbine are analysed by simulation method and the influence of three different structures of wind deflector on the performance of wind turbine is compared. T he results indicate that t he performance of the wind turbine is improved significantly after installed the wind deflector. It provides mentality for the research method on the wind deflector of the vertical axis wind turbine. Finally, according to the wake characteristic of wind turbine, the reasonable spacing of the wind turbine cluster operation was analysed, the vertical arrangement and horizontal arrangements are designed, and the reliability of the arrangement is verified.","PeriodicalId":38292,"journal":{"name":"EEA - Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88008990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-15DOI: 10.46904/eea.20.68.4.1108001
N. Ruban, A. Askarov, I. Razzhivin, R. Ufa
One of the problems associated with the integration of renewable energy sources is reducing the total inertia of the electric power system. By substituting the traditional synchronous generators to wind turbines connected to a network via power electronics devices the system the inertia constant is sharply reduced. In addition, the inertia of the system changes over time due to the wind turbine power change. Systems with lower inertia in the serious faults incident loses its stability easier. The question of the reduction of energy system inertia influence on the out- of - step mode parameters is not answered yet. Authors created a grid test model using software - hardware hybrid simulation tool HRTSim. The several experiments to determine the influence of type 4 wind turbine on the parameters of the out - of - step mode is realized. The oscillograms confirming the influence of the wind turbine on the parameters of the out - of - step mode are obtained. Problems of the influence of changes in the inertia of the power system during the integration of type 4 wind turbines on the parameters of the out - of - step mode are considered. The international experience in this field is analysed. The results of the analysis confirmed the insufficient study of this field and the almost complete lack of information about this in the grid codes of foreign countries. The experiments confirmed the theoretical expectation: the higher inertia induction stroke starts later, and the frequency slip is decreased.
{"title":"Wind Power Plants Influence on Out-Of-Step Operation Mode Parameters of the Power System","authors":"N. Ruban, A. Askarov, I. Razzhivin, R. Ufa","doi":"10.46904/eea.20.68.4.1108001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46904/eea.20.68.4.1108001","url":null,"abstract":"One of the problems associated with the integration of renewable energy sources is reducing the total inertia of the electric power system. By substituting the traditional synchronous generators to wind turbines connected to a network via power electronics devices the system the inertia constant is sharply reduced. In addition, the inertia of the system changes over time due to the wind turbine power change. Systems with lower inertia in the serious faults incident loses its stability easier. The question of the reduction of energy system inertia influence on the out- of - step mode parameters is not answered yet. Authors created a grid test model using software - hardware hybrid simulation tool HRTSim. The several experiments to determine the influence of type 4 wind turbine on the parameters of the out - of - step mode is realized. The oscillograms confirming the influence of the wind turbine on the parameters of the out - of - step mode are obtained. Problems of the influence of changes in the inertia of the power system during the integration of type 4 wind turbines on the parameters of the out - of - step mode are considered. The international experience in this field is analysed. The results of the analysis confirmed the insufficient study of this field and the almost complete lack of information about this in the grid codes of foreign countries. The experiments confirmed the theoretical expectation: the higher inertia induction stroke starts later, and the frequency slip is decreased.","PeriodicalId":38292,"journal":{"name":"EEA - Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84746444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-15DOI: 10.46904/eea.20.68.4.1108012
Rabah Daouadi, Djamel Ounass, Y. Soufi, A. Metatla, Dhaouadi Guiza
This paper deals with the design, simulation, and real - time implementation of a new Takagi - Sugeno (T - S) fuzzy tra cking control for a DC - DC boost converter using Arduino mega and MATLAB/Simulink environment. The developed controller can drive the output voltage of the boost converter to perfectly track a reference voltage, taking into account variations in load or input voltage. Firstly, a T - S model with four fuzzy rules is developed to represent exactly the dynamic behavio u r of the nonlinear boost converter, which is investigated to develop a new control scheme based on a combined methodology of fuzzy control and particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. In this context, a two - stage design procedure is developed to determine the fuzzy stabilizing control gains by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and to determine an integral control gain and a reference scaling factor using PSO algorithm. A real - time implementation of the proposed controller is carried out using an Arduino Mega and spatial Simulink package known as “Simulink support package for Arduino hardware”. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controller offers a fast dynamic response and better performance in terms of accuracy and limitation of overshoot compared to the baseline Proportional - Integral (PI) controller.
{"title":"Real-time Implementation of a Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Controller for a DC-DC Boost Converter","authors":"Rabah Daouadi, Djamel Ounass, Y. Soufi, A. Metatla, Dhaouadi Guiza","doi":"10.46904/eea.20.68.4.1108012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46904/eea.20.68.4.1108012","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the design, simulation, and real - time implementation of a new Takagi - Sugeno (T - S) fuzzy tra cking control for a DC - DC boost converter using Arduino mega and MATLAB/Simulink environment. The developed controller can drive the output voltage of the boost converter to perfectly track a reference voltage, taking into account variations in load or input voltage. Firstly, a T - S model with four fuzzy rules is developed to represent exactly the dynamic behavio u r of the nonlinear boost converter, which is investigated to develop a new control scheme based on a combined methodology of fuzzy control and particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. In this context, a two - stage design procedure is developed to determine the fuzzy stabilizing control gains by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and to determine an integral control gain and a reference scaling factor using PSO algorithm. A real - time implementation of the proposed controller is carried out using an Arduino Mega and spatial Simulink package known as “Simulink support package for Arduino hardware”. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controller offers a fast dynamic response and better performance in terms of accuracy and limitation of overshoot compared to the baseline Proportional - Integral (PI) controller.","PeriodicalId":38292,"journal":{"name":"EEA - Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84133464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.46904/eea.20.68.3.1108009
I. T. Băjenescu
The fifth generation mobile network (5G) is a set of emerging global telecommunications standards, generally using high-frequency spectrum, to offer network connectivity with reduced latency and greater speed and capacity relative to its predecessors. One example is emerging autonomous cars and intelligent transportation, to which small latency is essential. It is argued that the current communications infrastructure is highly energy-inefficient and the 5G should be designed to solve this problem, by increasing energy efficiency by several orders of magnitude. To meet 5G requirements, we need dramatically new network architectures and technologies, such as heterogeneous ultra-dense networks, massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO), and millimetre wave communications.
{"title":"5G: the Network of the Future. Benefits and Perils","authors":"I. T. Băjenescu","doi":"10.46904/eea.20.68.3.1108009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46904/eea.20.68.3.1108009","url":null,"abstract":"The fifth generation mobile network (5G) is a set of emerging global telecommunications standards, generally using high-frequency spectrum, to offer network connectivity with reduced latency and greater speed and capacity relative to its predecessors. One example is emerging autonomous cars and intelligent transportation, to which small latency is essential. It is argued that the current communications infrastructure is highly energy-inefficient and the 5G should be designed to solve this problem, by increasing energy efficiency by several orders of magnitude. To meet 5G requirements, we need dramatically new network architectures and technologies, such as heterogeneous ultra-dense networks, massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO), and millimetre wave communications.","PeriodicalId":38292,"journal":{"name":"EEA - Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78578144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.46904/eea.20.68.3.1108003
D. Cioboata, M. Neacşu, D. Stanciu, S. Matei, I. Neacşu
This paper presents an approach to develop a brushless DC motor to assist an electric power steering. Optimal design for electric power steering system implies the adequate selection of topology, technology, sizes and control algorithm. This paper briefly describes the electric power steering system structure, the most used topologies of electric power steering and the advantages of using brushless DC motors for electric power steering assistance. An electric power steering architecture is proposed. The method of design the brushless DC motor for this electric power steering is presented. Design of the brushless DC motor was based on the analysis of the requirements of the EPS systems, analysis of the control methods, modelling and simulation in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation for six various conditions are presented and analysed for optimal sizing of the electric motor. An experimental model of the designed motor has been manufactured for validation.
{"title":"Modelling and Simulation of a Brushless Motor DC for Electric Power Steering Assistance","authors":"D. Cioboata, M. Neacşu, D. Stanciu, S. Matei, I. Neacşu","doi":"10.46904/eea.20.68.3.1108003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46904/eea.20.68.3.1108003","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an approach to develop a brushless DC motor to assist an electric power steering. Optimal design for electric power steering system implies the adequate selection of topology, technology, sizes and control algorithm. This paper briefly describes the electric power steering system structure, the most used topologies of electric power steering and the advantages of using brushless DC motors for electric power steering assistance. An electric power steering architecture is proposed. The method of design the brushless DC motor for this electric power steering is presented. Design of the brushless DC motor was based on the analysis of the requirements of the EPS systems, analysis of the control methods, modelling and simulation in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation for six various conditions are presented and analysed for optimal sizing of the electric motor. An experimental model of the designed motor has been manufactured for validation.","PeriodicalId":38292,"journal":{"name":"EEA - Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89602809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.46904/eea.20.68.3.1108007
Andika Syaiful Rizal, A. Adriansyah, S. Budiyanto, S. Haryanti, U. A. Rachmawati
OCR is the most widely used for the protection of distribution systems and protection backups in transmission systems. Maloperations can occur if the primary relay and backup relay are not adequately coordinated. It is essential that during abnormalities or disorders, OCR must be able to isolate only the wrong parts of the power system from a healthy system. Relay operation time can be reduced by proper coordination between primary and backup relays by selecting the optimum TMS and PS values. And because of that, relay coordination is an important part of power system protection. OCR time coordination is significant to reduce power outages by avoiding the mal-operative reserve relay. PS and TMS values with the help of MATLAB programming. In this study on the PLN system, Suralaya 150kV IEEE 23 Bus. 4 CM, NLP, GA, and ANFIS methods compared to 31 OCR, 38 main relay pairs, and backups produced 152∆t, 304 main and backup relay operation times. By looking at negative polarity optimization, NLP is superior to 64.340%, while ANFIS is superior to 94.875%.
{"title":"Overcurrent Relay Coordination using an Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS)","authors":"Andika Syaiful Rizal, A. Adriansyah, S. Budiyanto, S. Haryanti, U. A. Rachmawati","doi":"10.46904/eea.20.68.3.1108007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46904/eea.20.68.3.1108007","url":null,"abstract":"OCR is the most widely used for the protection of distribution systems and protection backups in transmission systems. Maloperations can occur if the primary relay and backup relay are not adequately coordinated. It is essential that during abnormalities or disorders, OCR must be able to isolate only the wrong parts of the power system from a healthy system. Relay operation time can be reduced by proper coordination between primary and backup relays by selecting the optimum TMS and PS values. And because of that, relay coordination is an important part of power system protection. OCR time coordination is significant to reduce power outages by avoiding the mal-operative reserve relay. PS and TMS values with the help of MATLAB programming. In this study on the PLN system, Suralaya 150kV IEEE 23 Bus. 4 CM, NLP, GA, and ANFIS methods compared to 31 OCR, 38 main relay pairs, and backups produced 152∆t, 304 main and backup relay operation times. By looking at negative polarity optimization, NLP is superior to 64.340%, while ANFIS is superior to 94.875%.","PeriodicalId":38292,"journal":{"name":"EEA - Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85143705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.46904/eea.20.68.3.1108008
A. Voicu, M. Popescu
This paper presents methods and solutions for controlling the thermal process in a gas fired furnace system for titan forging. The software implemented solutions aim to achieve better temperature uniformity inside the furnace chamber, possibility of choosing a more cost-effective hardware equipment for lowering initial investment cost, developing the software control in order to achieve a universal temperature furnace suitable for both low and high temperature without the need of recirculation fans, development of software control methods in order to better adjust the burners air/gas ratio in order to obtain a correct furnace atmosphere relative to titan forging technological process demands and reducing NOx emissions. The research was implemented at Zirom SA of Giurgiu within the acquisition project of a system composed of two gas fired forging furnaces with a common heat recovery system delivered by Electro-Total SRL Bucharest. The main results of the implementation are: a temperature uniformity inside the furnace’s chambers of ±5 °C according to the temperature uniformity survey test for both holding temperatures of 650 °C and 1250 °C, a control temperature precision of ±1.5 °C according to the system accuracy test, a very well maintained inside furnace pressure taking in consideration the unique design with a common heat recovery system, a very well maintained low oxidizing atmosphere (λ=1.09) inside the furnace and a very low flue gas emissions (NO x =149 mg/Nm 3 ).
本文介绍了锻件燃气炉系统热过程控制的方法和解决方案。软件实现的解决方案旨在实现更好的炉膛内温度均匀性，选择更具成本效益的硬件设备以降低初始投资成本的可能性，开发软件控制以实现不需要再循环风机而适合低温度和高温的通用温度炉。开发软件控制方法，以便更好地调节燃烧器的空气/气体比，以获得正确的炉内气氛，相对于泰坦锻造工艺要求和减少NOx排放。该研究是在Giurgiu的Zirom SA进行的，该系统由两个燃气锻造炉和一个由electrototal SRL Bucharest提供的共同热回收系统组成。实施的主要结果是:根据温度均匀性调查测试，炉膛内温度均匀性为±5°C，保温温度为650°C和1250°C，根据系统精度测试，控制温度精度为±1.5°C，考虑到独特的设计和共同的热回收系统，炉膛内压力保持良好。炉内维持良好的低氧化气氛(λ=1.09)和极低的烟气排放(NO x =149 mg/Nm 3)。
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