{"title":"Does One Size Fit All","authors":"K. A. Soós","doi":"10.1111/1467-9426.00227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9426.00227","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":383400,"journal":{"name":"Russian Economic Trends","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128851567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trends in Professional Education in Russia: Part 2: Subjects Of Demand","authors":"Andrei Poletayev, I. Savelyeva","doi":"10.1111/1467-9426.00230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9426.00230","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":383400,"journal":{"name":"Russian Economic Trends","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126827681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Much has been written about Russia's banking crisis, and it has become clear that the August 1998 devaluation and the ensuing government default on its bonds triggered a crisis of the banking system. The underlying cause of the crisis, however, was the failure to restructure bank assets. Banks had long accumulated bad loans and failed to account for them in their portfolios. Therefore, a banking crisis had been overdue for some time. It can be said that the banking system was bound for serious trouble even if the August 1998 crisis had not occurred. This contribution does not address the crisis itself, nor does it elaborate extensively on the role of the Agency for Restructuring of Credit Organisations (ARCO) or the government in restructuring (see: ‘Bank Restructuring: Developments in 1999’ by K. Eggenberger in this issue). Rather, this report concentrates on the restructuring that has taken place in the banking system, describes how restructuring was achieved, andidentifies the winners and losers in this process.
{"title":"The Mired Restructuring of Russia's Banking System","authors":"K. Schoors","doi":"10.1111/1467-9426.00082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9426.00082","url":null,"abstract":"Much has been written about Russia's banking crisis, and it has become clear that the August 1998 devaluation and the ensuing government default on its bonds triggered a crisis of the banking system. The underlying cause of the crisis, however, was the failure to restructure bank assets. Banks had long accumulated bad loans and failed to account for them in their portfolios. Therefore, a banking crisis had been overdue for some time. It can be said that the banking system was bound for serious trouble even if the August 1998 crisis had not occurred. This contribution does not address the crisis itself, nor does it elaborate extensively on the role of the Agency for Restructuring of Credit Organisations (ARCO) or the government in restructuring (see: ‘Bank Restructuring: Developments in 1999’ by K. Eggenberger in this issue). Rather, this report concentrates on the restructuring that has taken place in the banking system, describes how restructuring was achieved, andidentifies the winners and losers in this process.","PeriodicalId":383400,"journal":{"name":"Russian Economic Trends","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133433520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Exports have been an important factor in Russian economic growth during recent years, but it is clear that growth of the economy cannot continue to depend on expanding exports of oil and other traditional Russian exportables. The role of machinery and other manufactured goods needs to increase. This restructuring of exports could successfully start on markets within the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) provided that the existing system of payments inside the CIS is changed. The authors believe that such change could be achieved by introduction for CIS member countries of a multilateral payments system (MPS) similar to the European Payments Union (EPU), which was successfully used in Europe in the 1950s. The clearing currency for the proposed system could be the euro, the new multinational European currency. Adoption of the euro in such a role would support integration of CIS countries, which are not candidates for EU membership, with the European Union. Russia, which has expressed interest in further integration with the EU and in creation of a wider European Economic Area, should have an important role as an agent and middleman in pan-European, factually Eurasian, integration.
{"title":"The Euro as an Instrument for Promoting Russian‐CIS Trade and Economic Growth","authors":"G. Shagalov., U. Kivikari, Éric Brunat","doi":"10.1111/1467-9426.00195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9426.00195","url":null,"abstract":"Exports have been an important factor in Russian economic growth during recent years, but it is clear that growth of the economy cannot continue to depend on expanding exports of oil and other traditional Russian exportables. The role of machinery and other manufactured goods needs to increase. This restructuring of exports could successfully start on markets within the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) provided that the existing system of payments inside the CIS is changed. The authors believe that such change could be achieved by introduction for CIS member countries of a multilateral payments system (MPS) similar to the European Payments Union (EPU), which was successfully used in Europe in the 1950s. The clearing currency for the proposed system could be the euro, the new multinational European currency. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Adoption of the euro in such a role would support integration of CIS countries, which are not candidates for EU membership, with the European Union. Russia, which has expressed interest in further integration with the EU and in creation of a wider European Economic Area, should have an important role as an agent and middleman in pan-European, factually Eurasian, integration.","PeriodicalId":383400,"journal":{"name":"Russian Economic Trends","volume":"17 1-2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115339390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Effective was Demand in 2000: Cash Versus Barter","authors":"S. Tsukhlo","doi":"10.1111/1467-9426.00145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9426.00145","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":383400,"journal":{"name":"Russian Economic Trends","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115536094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Protectionism, Restructuring, and Russia’s Accession to the WTO","authors":"A. Belianin","doi":"10.1111/1467-9426.00271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9426.00271","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":383400,"journal":{"name":"Russian Economic Trends","volume":"712 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121733247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Every country faces two crucial questions of fiscal governance: 1) how much money should the government spend overall; and 2) what expenditure items should be financed using public resources and to what extent? This paper examines the existing tendency in public spending policy in Russia and attempts to answer questions on the optimal size of the government and efficient structure of public outlays. Methods of international comparison and cross-regional analysis were applied in the research. International comparisons show that public expenditure in Russia as a percentage of GDP is very close to average expenditure in OECD countries. At the same time, investigation of expenditure across Russian regions shows negative correlation between the growth rate of per capita income and public spending, although positive influence of some expenditure items on growth is evident.
{"title":"The Efficiency of Public Expenditure in Russia","authors":"E. Sharipova","doi":"10.1111/1467-9426.00181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9426.00181","url":null,"abstract":"Every country faces two crucial questions of fiscal governance: 1) how much money should the government spend overall; and 2) what expenditure items should be financed using public resources and to what extent? This paper examines the existing tendency in public spending policy in Russia and attempts to answer questions on the optimal size of the government and efficient structure of public outlays. Methods of international comparison and cross-regional analysis were applied in the research. International comparisons show that public expenditure in Russia as a percentage of GDP is very close to average expenditure in OECD countries. At the same time, investigation of expenditure across Russian regions shows negative correlation between the growth rate of per capita income and public spending, although positive influence of some expenditure items on growth is evident.","PeriodicalId":383400,"journal":{"name":"Russian Economic Trends","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134430159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We test whether foreign and domestic product market as well as domestic factor market competition affect firm efficiency, using a 1992-1998 panel of 14,961 Russian industrial firms covering 75 percent of industrial employment in 1992. The results provide strong evidence that domestic product market competition, import competition, and local labor market competition have large, positive effects on total factor productivity. The impact of liberalization appears only gradually in the domestic product market, taking about four years to attain 90 percent of the long-run value, but we find no such lags with respect to import competition or labor market competition. The data indicate that local product market competition may be more important than national competition in Russia, suggesting that markets are geographically segmented. Better transportation infrastructure appears to facilitate product market competition, while at the same time reducing firms' monopsony power on the labor market by facilitating worker mobility. We also find that non-state firms outperform state enterprises, even after controlling for selection bias in the determination of ownership. The results suggest that a reduction in import barriers, investment in transportation infrastructure, and elimination of interregional administrative trade barriers would stimulate industrial growth.
{"title":"Market Competition and Firm Performance in Russia","authors":"David Brown, John S. Earle","doi":"10.1111/1467-9426.00097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9426.00097","url":null,"abstract":"We test whether foreign and domestic product market as well as domestic factor market competition affect firm efficiency, using a 1992-1998 panel of 14,961 Russian industrial firms covering 75 percent of industrial employment in 1992. The results provide strong evidence that domestic product market competition, import competition, and local labor market competition have large, positive effects on total factor productivity. The impact of liberalization appears only gradually in the domestic product market, taking about four years to attain 90 percent of the long-run value, but we find no such lags with respect to import competition or labor market competition. The data indicate that local product market competition may be more important than national competition in Russia, suggesting that markets are geographically segmented. Better transportation infrastructure appears to facilitate product market competition, while at the same time reducing firms' monopsony power on the labor market by facilitating worker mobility. We also find that non-state firms outperform state enterprises, even after controlling for selection bias in the determination of ownership. The results suggest that a reduction in import barriers, investment in transportation infrastructure, and elimination of interregional administrative trade barriers would stimulate industrial growth.","PeriodicalId":383400,"journal":{"name":"Russian Economic Trends","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132882800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EU Enlargement and Russia – A Win‐Win Situation","authors":"U. Kivikari","doi":"10.1111/1467-9426.00144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9426.00144","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":383400,"journal":{"name":"Russian Economic Trends","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122386665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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