Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.15866/ireaco.v16i3.23600
Ahmed Tijani, Richard Molyet, Mansoor Alam
Autonomous vehicles constitute the next revolution in transportation. They are designed to improve road efficiency and driving safety. Autonomous vehicles are capable, using artificial intelligence, of recognizing their surroundings, navigating, and avoiding obstacles without human intervention. Integrating Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) into the safety Programmable Logic Controllers (fail-safe PLCs) to create an algorithm that controls an autonomous vehicle and ensures safety on the roads is presented. ANNs are a supervised machine-learning model based on a computing system built to simulate the way the human brain processes and analyzes information. A fail-safe PLC offers a safety concept in the field of machine and personnel protection. The fail-safe system is connected directly to the ANN’s program. It is responsible for shutting down the ANN in cases where the ANN output starts providing false results that could danger humans or property. Also, the fail-safe PLC works in conjunction with the main PLC to serve as a backup to the neural network system. A set of training examples involving over 30 data was evaluated to train the ANN. In addition, a fail-safe PLC program was designed to perform under special conditions. Indoor obstacle avoidance courses were used as an example to examine the effectiveness of the obstacle avoidance system. Simulation results show that the system successfully predicted and responded correctly to the training data and avoided all obstacles on the obstacle-avoidance courses. The system examined real-world data and the experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
{"title":"Obstacle Avoidance System Using Artificial Neural Network and Fail-Safe PLC","authors":"Ahmed Tijani, Richard Molyet, Mansoor Alam","doi":"10.15866/ireaco.v16i3.23600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/ireaco.v16i3.23600","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous vehicles constitute the next revolution in transportation. They are designed to improve road efficiency and driving safety. Autonomous vehicles are capable, using artificial intelligence, of recognizing their surroundings, navigating, and avoiding obstacles without human intervention. Integrating Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) into the safety Programmable Logic Controllers (fail-safe PLCs) to create an algorithm that controls an autonomous vehicle and ensures safety on the roads is presented. ANNs are a supervised machine-learning model based on a computing system built to simulate the way the human brain processes and analyzes information. A fail-safe PLC offers a safety concept in the field of machine and personnel protection. The fail-safe system is connected directly to the ANN’s program. It is responsible for shutting down the ANN in cases where the ANN output starts providing false results that could danger humans or property. Also, the fail-safe PLC works in conjunction with the main PLC to serve as a backup to the neural network system. A set of training examples involving over 30 data was evaluated to train the ANN. In addition, a fail-safe PLC program was designed to perform under special conditions. Indoor obstacle avoidance courses were used as an example to examine the effectiveness of the obstacle avoidance system. Simulation results show that the system successfully predicted and responded correctly to the training data and avoided all obstacles on the obstacle-avoidance courses. The system examined real-world data and the experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":38433,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Automatic Control","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135438694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.15866/ireaco.v16i3.23214
Fathallah Rerhrhaye, Badr Rerhrhaye, Driss Khouili, Ilyas Lahlouh, Yassine Ennaciri, Chirine Benzazah, Ahmed El Akkary, Nacer Sefiani
Grid-connected photovoltaic systems are now being employed in the power system more and more as a result of their decreasing cost and increased competitiveness in comparison to other power plants. However, because the generated energy is low-voltage DC, it is crucial to change the voltage so that it is compatible with the distribution system (single-phase AC or 3-phase AC). All grid levels should have intelligence injected, and that intelligence should have a long-lasting effect. In order to help utility engineers to better assess the possible effects of these new power sources on the system, this article provides new research tools and approaches. Therefore, a unique PV solar system control approach is suggested by this research. The strategy is an optimized grid-connected solar system control approach. In this regard, it is crucial to design a controller that is good at reducing Power Stress inside the PV System. In this study, the power delivered by the PV system has been controlled and stabilized by using the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller in combination with the Genetic Algorithm (GA) heuristic approach. Then the GA technique has been utilized to identify the ideal settings, based on the performance of Integrated Time Absolute Error (ITAE). The simulation results show that the PV system can successfully monitor the required performance.
{"title":"Innovative Control of Two-Stage Grid-Connected Solar Inverter Based on Genetic Algorithm Optimization","authors":"Fathallah Rerhrhaye, Badr Rerhrhaye, Driss Khouili, Ilyas Lahlouh, Yassine Ennaciri, Chirine Benzazah, Ahmed El Akkary, Nacer Sefiani","doi":"10.15866/ireaco.v16i3.23214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/ireaco.v16i3.23214","url":null,"abstract":"Grid-connected photovoltaic systems are now being employed in the power system more and more as a result of their decreasing cost and increased competitiveness in comparison to other power plants. However, because the generated energy is low-voltage DC, it is crucial to change the voltage so that it is compatible with the distribution system (single-phase AC or 3-phase AC). All grid levels should have intelligence injected, and that intelligence should have a long-lasting effect. In order to help utility engineers to better assess the possible effects of these new power sources on the system, this article provides new research tools and approaches. Therefore, a unique PV solar system control approach is suggested by this research. The strategy is an optimized grid-connected solar system control approach. In this regard, it is crucial to design a controller that is good at reducing Power Stress inside the PV System. In this study, the power delivered by the PV system has been controlled and stabilized by using the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller in combination with the Genetic Algorithm (GA) heuristic approach. Then the GA technique has been utilized to identify the ideal settings, based on the performance of Integrated Time Absolute Error (ITAE). The simulation results show that the PV system can successfully monitor the required performance.","PeriodicalId":38433,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Automatic Control","volume":"186 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135438696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.15866/ireaco.v16i3.23793
Wilson Edmundo Sánchez Ocaña, Andrés Navas-Castellanos, Elizabeth Salazar-Jácome, Christopher Chancusig-Muso
The present investigation contains the design of an Industrial Network by using four types of communication protocols applied to multivariable process control, to compare the data transmission speed, reliability, and reliability of the same. The network consists of a Modular Production System (MPS), in which the operator can establish different control loops according to the variable being handled, with AS-Interface communication protocol and an S7-1200 controller, which is connected to a Master AS-i CM communication module, which allows controlling the different process variables. In parallel, a Modbus RTU network is developed where a PID position control is performed, with the CM 1241 communication module and a PLC 1200. The control is performed by using an Altivar 31 ATV31H075M3X drive, and also the network consists of two proses of frequency control, start and reverse rotation where types of Delta VFD007E23A and Sinamics V20 6SL3210-5BB17-5UV1 drives and a temperature control process are used. From the study, it could be concluded that Profinet is an Ethernet protocol that allows data transfer in real time, which is suitable for applications that require a fast response, has a higher transmission speed than Modbus RTU, Modbus TCP/IP, Profibus and AS-i since Profinet uses an Industrial Ethernet network instead of a fieldbus which allows higher speeds, and is recommended for highly complex applications, while Modbus RTU and AS-i are easier to implement and are more common in simple applications for control systems with limited process resources by using serial communication, its advantage in the ability to provide diagnostic information for network devices.
{"title":"Validation of the Functionality of an Industrial Network Based on RS-485 and Industrial Ethernet Protocols for Multivariable Processes","authors":"Wilson Edmundo Sánchez Ocaña, Andrés Navas-Castellanos, Elizabeth Salazar-Jácome, Christopher Chancusig-Muso","doi":"10.15866/ireaco.v16i3.23793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/ireaco.v16i3.23793","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation contains the design of an Industrial Network by using four types of communication protocols applied to multivariable process control, to compare the data transmission speed, reliability, and reliability of the same. The network consists of a Modular Production System (MPS), in which the operator can establish different control loops according to the variable being handled, with AS-Interface communication protocol and an S7-1200 controller, which is connected to a Master AS-i CM communication module, which allows controlling the different process variables. In parallel, a Modbus RTU network is developed where a PID position control is performed, with the CM 1241 communication module and a PLC 1200. The control is performed by using an Altivar 31 ATV31H075M3X drive, and also the network consists of two proses of frequency control, start and reverse rotation where types of Delta VFD007E23A and Sinamics V20 6SL3210-5BB17-5UV1 drives and a temperature control process are used. From the study, it could be concluded that Profinet is an Ethernet protocol that allows data transfer in real time, which is suitable for applications that require a fast response, has a higher transmission speed than Modbus RTU, Modbus TCP/IP, Profibus and AS-i since Profinet uses an Industrial Ethernet network instead of a fieldbus which allows higher speeds, and is recommended for highly complex applications, while Modbus RTU and AS-i are easier to implement and are more common in simple applications for control systems with limited process resources by using serial communication, its advantage in the ability to provide diagnostic information for network devices.","PeriodicalId":38433,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Automatic Control","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135438692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Overhead cranes are now highly automated devices, and numerous studies have been devoted to the design and implementation of automatic controllers to reduce residual vibrations during cargo change operations. Tipping over crane payloads seriously impairs their efficiency and safety. The reduced payload oscillations on a single pendulum crane with a point payload attached to the end of the cable brought significant improvements. On the other hand, the large payloads and the actual arrangement of the lifting mechanism can convert the crane into a double pendulum system with a distributed mass payload. Therefore, in this article, a nonlinear model is presented initially, after which it is linearized. Then, a robust First-Order Sliding Mode Controller (FOSMC) will be developed for a spreading system capable of automatically driving the container to the desired angle while eliminating the residual oscillations caused by the cable. To accurately estimate the states of the system, such as the angle of the cable and the angle of the payload (spreader and container), an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) observer is used. The simulation results, obtained using Matlab/Simulink, show that the proposed approach provides accurate and stable control of the system with improved static and dynamic performances in terms of eliminating the position error for the angle of the cable, improving the angle stability with a small overshoot, ameliorating the response time, and canceling the estimation error of the state variables. Consequently, this research contributes to the enhancement of overhead crane automation by addressing the obstacles arising from payload oscillation.
{"title":"Enhanced Control of Overhead Crane System Using First-Order Sliding Mode Control and Extended Kalman Filter Observer","authors":"Issam Bidane, Abdellah Ailane, Salaheddine Khamlich","doi":"10.15866/ireaco.v16i3.23438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/ireaco.v16i3.23438","url":null,"abstract":"Overhead cranes are now highly automated devices, and numerous studies have been devoted to the design and implementation of automatic controllers to reduce residual vibrations during cargo change operations. Tipping over crane payloads seriously impairs their efficiency and safety. The reduced payload oscillations on a single pendulum crane with a point payload attached to the end of the cable brought significant improvements. On the other hand, the large payloads and the actual arrangement of the lifting mechanism can convert the crane into a double pendulum system with a distributed mass payload. Therefore, in this article, a nonlinear model is presented initially, after which it is linearized. Then, a robust First-Order Sliding Mode Controller (FOSMC) will be developed for a spreading system capable of automatically driving the container to the desired angle while eliminating the residual oscillations caused by the cable. To accurately estimate the states of the system, such as the angle of the cable and the angle of the payload (spreader and container), an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) observer is used. The simulation results, obtained using Matlab/Simulink, show that the proposed approach provides accurate and stable control of the system with improved static and dynamic performances in terms of eliminating the position error for the angle of the cable, improving the angle stability with a small overshoot, ameliorating the response time, and canceling the estimation error of the state variables. Consequently, this research contributes to the enhancement of overhead crane automation by addressing the obstacles arising from payload oscillation.","PeriodicalId":38433,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Automatic Control","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135438695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.15866/ireaco.v16i3.23893
Wilson Edmundo Sánchez Ocaña, Washington Loza-Herrera, Elizabeth Salazar-Jácome, Darwin Lozada-Mayorga, José Tustón-Castillo
This research aims to validate the functionality of an industrial network in proprietary protocols such as CIP, DeviceNet, DH-485 and open protocols such as Ethernet/IP between Allen Bradley equipment. This industrial network allows monitoring and controlling through an HMI Panel View Plus 1000 screen connected in Ethernet/IP to all devices connected to the network, such as ControlLogix L61, CompacLogix L32E and MicroLogix 1100 controllers. In addition, in the same network the computer, where the programming of each controller and the design of the HMI is performed, is connected. In the graphical interface, each protocol has a window that shows the parameters that can be monitored and controlled. With the CIP protocol, there are two ControlLogix L61 controllers, one is a producer and the other a consumer. DeviceNet communication has been incorporated with the CompacLogix L32E controller, with a scanner module for DeviceNet, which allows controlling two motors, one for each device, in addition, DH485 communication, where there is a MicroLogix 1100 controller, the View 600 Panel accesses test programs of the PLC MicroLogix 1100 and the SLC 5/05 through different display screens. From the research a functional industrial network capable of communicating and linking different Allen Bradley equipment in different protocols, demonstrating the reliability of the use of networks in an industry to communicate actuators and controllers, has been obtained.
{"title":"Industrial CIP Network and Monitoring System with Multiple Communication Protocols Between Allen Bradley Equipment","authors":"Wilson Edmundo Sánchez Ocaña, Washington Loza-Herrera, Elizabeth Salazar-Jácome, Darwin Lozada-Mayorga, José Tustón-Castillo","doi":"10.15866/ireaco.v16i3.23893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/ireaco.v16i3.23893","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to validate the functionality of an industrial network in proprietary protocols such as CIP, DeviceNet, DH-485 and open protocols such as Ethernet/IP between Allen Bradley equipment. This industrial network allows monitoring and controlling through an HMI Panel View Plus 1000 screen connected in Ethernet/IP to all devices connected to the network, such as ControlLogix L61, CompacLogix L32E and MicroLogix 1100 controllers. In addition, in the same network the computer, where the programming of each controller and the design of the HMI is performed, is connected. In the graphical interface, each protocol has a window that shows the parameters that can be monitored and controlled. With the CIP protocol, there are two ControlLogix L61 controllers, one is a producer and the other a consumer. DeviceNet communication has been incorporated with the CompacLogix L32E controller, with a scanner module for DeviceNet, which allows controlling two motors, one for each device, in addition, DH485 communication, where there is a MicroLogix 1100 controller, the View 600 Panel accesses test programs of the PLC MicroLogix 1100 and the SLC 5/05 through different display screens. From the research a functional industrial network capable of communicating and linking different Allen Bradley equipment in different protocols, demonstrating the reliability of the use of networks in an industry to communicate actuators and controllers, has been obtained.","PeriodicalId":38433,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Automatic Control","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135438697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.15866/ireaco.v16i3.23474
Era Purwanto, Abdillah Aziz Muntashir, Muhammad Rizani Rusli, Bambang Bambang Sumantri
Indirect Field Oriented Control is commonly used to control induction motors by allowing separate control of the magnetic flux and torque. However, the changes in motor parameters and load torque to be affecting system stability and performance. To mitigate this issue, a sliding mode control was added to ensure robustness and stability. However, this caused chattering, which can reduce efficiency. A Second-Order Sliding Mode Control was developed to reduce chattering while maintaining system stability and robustness. Lyapunov system stability analysis was also implemented to ensure robustness. The results showed that the Super Twisting Algorithm had a good performance. Meanwhile, Second-Order Sliding Mode Control reduced the chattering up to 2.89 var. This was achieved by maintaining a steady error up to 0.1% at the set point 100 rpm without load. It was also able to retain robustness against changes the changes in load values up to 1.3 N m, even under transient and dynamic conditions.
间接磁场定向控制通常用于控制感应电机，允许磁通和转矩的单独控制。然而，电机参数和负载转矩的变化会影响系统的稳定性和性能。为了缓解这个问题，增加了滑模控制以确保鲁棒性和稳定性。然而，这会导致抖振，从而降低效率。为了在保持系统稳定性和鲁棒性的同时减少抖振，提出了一种二阶滑模控制方法。为了保证鲁棒性，还进行了Lyapunov系统稳定性分析。结果表明，超扭曲算法具有良好的性能。同时，二阶滑模控制将抖振减少到2.89 var，这是通过在无负载的情况下在设定点100 rpm时保持高达0.1%的稳定误差来实现的。即使在瞬态和动态条件下，它也能够对高达1.3 N m的负载值变化保持鲁棒性。
{"title":"Chattering Reduction on Low-Speed Indirect Field Oriented Control Induction Motor Using Second Order Sliding Mode Control","authors":"Era Purwanto, Abdillah Aziz Muntashir, Muhammad Rizani Rusli, Bambang Bambang Sumantri","doi":"10.15866/ireaco.v16i3.23474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/ireaco.v16i3.23474","url":null,"abstract":"Indirect Field Oriented Control is commonly used to control induction motors by allowing separate control of the magnetic flux and torque. However, the changes in motor parameters and load torque to be affecting system stability and performance. To mitigate this issue, a sliding mode control was added to ensure robustness and stability. However, this caused chattering, which can reduce efficiency. A Second-Order Sliding Mode Control was developed to reduce chattering while maintaining system stability and robustness. Lyapunov system stability analysis was also implemented to ensure robustness. The results showed that the Super Twisting Algorithm had a good performance. Meanwhile, Second-Order Sliding Mode Control reduced the chattering up to 2.89 var. This was achieved by maintaining a steady error up to 0.1% at the set point 100 rpm without load. It was also able to retain robustness against changes the changes in load values up to 1.3 N m, even under transient and dynamic conditions.","PeriodicalId":38433,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Automatic Control","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135438693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-31DOI: 10.15866/IREACO.V14I1.19993
T. Likhouzova, Yuliia Demianova
This study presents two approaches to the prevention of inter-robot collisions. The first approach is to develop trajectory planning and motion control algorithms. The second approach is to reduce the number of auxiliary robots as much as possible. The rigidly programmed systems are less flexible and adaptive than systems capable of independent data analysis and pattern identification. Therefore, this study uses the neural network for robot training and an analytical module (AN) to make decisions regarding the quantity of robots. The AN assisted and non-assisted management systems were examined under the two scenarios, namely the steady and random increment of applications. In both scenarios, using the AN reduced the number of auxiliary robots and, consequently, robot collisions in the operating area. This can help to reduce the warehouse maintenance costs and improve manufacturing scalability. Therefore, the proposed robotic management system has the potential to enhance warehouse efficiency.
{"title":"Robotic Warehouse Management System","authors":"T. Likhouzova, Yuliia Demianova","doi":"10.15866/IREACO.V14I1.19993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREACO.V14I1.19993","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents two approaches to the prevention of inter-robot collisions. The first approach is to develop trajectory planning and motion control algorithms. The second approach is to reduce the number of auxiliary robots as much as possible. The rigidly programmed systems are less flexible and adaptive than systems capable of independent data analysis and pattern identification. Therefore, this study uses the neural network for robot training and an analytical module (AN) to make decisions regarding the quantity of robots. The AN assisted and non-assisted management systems were examined under the two scenarios, namely the steady and random increment of applications. In both scenarios, using the AN reduced the number of auxiliary robots and, consequently, robot collisions in the operating area. This can help to reduce the warehouse maintenance costs and improve manufacturing scalability. Therefore, the proposed robotic management system has the potential to enhance warehouse efficiency.","PeriodicalId":38433,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Automatic Control","volume":"14 1","pages":"12-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41939295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-31DOI: 10.15866/IREACO.V14I1.19191
J. P. Rojas, Edwin Espinel, Eder Florez
The role of computational modeling is becoming predominant in the exploration and evaluation of new technologies. Numerical simulations have solved the most complex phenomena immersed in thermal sciences by the implementation of sophisticated mathematical algorithms. This study incorporates a stationary thermodynamic model in order to evaluate the main operational parameters and the overall performance of heat exchange systems based on energy and exergy viewpoints while implementing unknown inputs. Moreover, the study introduces a UIO state observer technology in order to facilitate the early prediction of failure events in heat exchange systems using a detect, isolate and identify (FDI) methodology. Therefore, the proposed model has induced different fault conditions in order to examine the overall performance while integrating error state of signals criteria from the relative difference between the real and modeled estimates. The outcomes have demonstrated a good agreement for the estimated values of the mathematical algorithm considering the imminent presence of disturbance and interference that promotes modeling error. Finally, the results have outlined that the estimations of real operation conditions are not affected by the unknown inputs.
{"title":"Operational Failure Detection Applied to Heat Exchange Systems Using State Observer Method","authors":"J. P. Rojas, Edwin Espinel, Eder Florez","doi":"10.15866/IREACO.V14I1.19191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREACO.V14I1.19191","url":null,"abstract":"The role of computational modeling is becoming predominant in the exploration and evaluation of new technologies. Numerical simulations have solved the most complex phenomena immersed in thermal sciences by the implementation of sophisticated mathematical algorithms. This study incorporates a stationary thermodynamic model in order to evaluate the main operational parameters and the overall performance of heat exchange systems based on energy and exergy viewpoints while implementing unknown inputs. Moreover, the study introduces a UIO state observer technology in order to facilitate the early prediction of failure events in heat exchange systems using a detect, isolate and identify (FDI) methodology. Therefore, the proposed model has induced different fault conditions in order to examine the overall performance while integrating error state of signals criteria from the relative difference between the real and modeled estimates. The outcomes have demonstrated a good agreement for the estimated values of the mathematical algorithm considering the imminent presence of disturbance and interference that promotes modeling error. Finally, the results have outlined that the estimations of real operation conditions are not affected by the unknown inputs.","PeriodicalId":38433,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Automatic Control","volume":"14 1","pages":"51-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48859867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-31DOI: 10.15866/IREACO.V14I1.20135
Taha Tahir, Shibly A. Al-Samarraie
One of the most common control algorithms in process control is the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller, which could be very efficient if well tuned. The aim of this paper is to discuss the optimal tuning of the PID controller using extremum seeking (ES). Two ES algorithms, Perturbation Based Extremum Seeking (PBES) and Sliding Mode Based Extremum Seeking (SMBES), will be used to tune the PID parameters by searching for the optimal parameters that minimize a certain performance index. The Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR), with irreversible first-order reaction, has been considered as a case study. The two algorithms have been implemented with two choices of Performance-Index (PI), Integral Absolute Error (IAE) criteria, and a combination of IAE with the integral of absolute of control signal. With the later choice of PI, both the algorithms show an improvement in the performance over the Internal Mode Control (IMC) tuning method, with good control behavior. The cost in the PBES tuning algorithm has converged to an ultimate bound around the optimal value within a lower number of iteration than the SMBES tuning algorithm. However, the speed of the SMBES algorithm can be increased but with the drawback of increasing the chattering effect produced in the PID parameters.
{"title":"The Application of Extremum Seeking Algorithms in PID Tuning for Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor","authors":"Taha Tahir, Shibly A. Al-Samarraie","doi":"10.15866/IREACO.V14I1.20135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREACO.V14I1.20135","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most common control algorithms in process control is the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller, which could be very efficient if well tuned. The aim of this paper is to discuss the optimal tuning of the PID controller using extremum seeking (ES). Two ES algorithms, Perturbation Based Extremum Seeking (PBES) and Sliding Mode Based Extremum Seeking (SMBES), will be used to tune the PID parameters by searching for the optimal parameters that minimize a certain performance index. The Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR), with irreversible first-order reaction, has been considered as a case study. The two algorithms have been implemented with two choices of Performance-Index (PI), Integral Absolute Error (IAE) criteria, and a combination of IAE with the integral of absolute of control signal. With the later choice of PI, both the algorithms show an improvement in the performance over the Internal Mode Control (IMC) tuning method, with good control behavior. The cost in the PBES tuning algorithm has converged to an ultimate bound around the optimal value within a lower number of iteration than the SMBES tuning algorithm. However, the speed of the SMBES algorithm can be increased but with the drawback of increasing the chattering effect produced in the PID parameters.","PeriodicalId":38433,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Automatic Control","volume":"14 1","pages":"28-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43885941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-31DOI: 10.15866/IREACO.V14I1.20301
H. Ali, A. H. Mhmood
In this work, a nonlinear and robust controller is proposed for nonlinear uncertain systems by consolidating the H-infinity state feedback control with the model reference control approach. The proposed controller is motivated to achieve a satisfactory transient response by inserting a reference model. The upper and lower linear fractional transformations are constructed in order to extract the structured parametric uncertainties. The controller design procedure is performed based on the small gain theorem. Next, the proposed controller gain matrix is calculated by solving the H-infinity algebraic Riccati equation. The Lyapunov stability analysis is used to show the stability properties of the controlled system. To show the effectiveness of the proposed controller, two types of nonlinear uncertain systems are presented as case studies. Finally, the results demonstrate that the proposed controller is powerful and efficient in compensating the nonlinear uncertain systems and in imposing the asymptotic tracking between the system states and the reference model states.
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