Pub Date : 2020-12-04DOI: 10.24434/j.scoms.2021.01.008
Darryl A. Pieber
Social accessibility involves the capacity of a person to be reached by other people, typically through established social networks. Locative media provide new complications to the issue of social accessibility in urban spaces. They do not connect people with their existing social networks, but rather with people – often strangers – immediately around them. Locative media apps provide users with the ability to manage these anonymous connections through filtering functionalities. This filtering out and filtering in functionality has profound implications for the social relations of strangers in urban spaces. At the heart of the matter is the question of who is made visible and who is made invisible. Many studies of locative media use demonstrate troubling directions in the ways in which they are developed and used. Often, locative media apps reinforce and reify existing racisms and other forms of prejudice, and a general tendency to try to simplify or eliminate differences.
{"title":"Filtered in/filtered out: Locative media and social accessibility in urban spaces","authors":"Darryl A. Pieber","doi":"10.24434/j.scoms.2021.01.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24434/j.scoms.2021.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"Social accessibility involves the capacity of a person to be reached by other people, typically through established social networks. Locative media provide new complications to the issue of social accessibility in urban spaces. They do not connect people with their existing social networks, but rather with people – often strangers – immediately around them. Locative media apps provide users with the ability to manage these anonymous connections through filtering functionalities. This filtering out and filtering in functionality has profound implications for the social relations of strangers in urban spaces. At the heart of the matter is the question of who is made visible and who is made invisible. Many studies of locative media use demonstrate troubling directions in the ways in which they are developed and used. Often, locative media apps reinforce and reify existing racisms and other forms of prejudice, and a general tendency to try to simplify or eliminate differences.","PeriodicalId":38434,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Communication Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82282114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-24DOI: 10.24434/j.scoms.2021.01.009
Julia Metag
The visibility and invisibility of scientific knowledge, its creation, and of scientists are at the core of science communication research. Thus, prominent paradigms, such as the public understanding of science or public engagement with science and technology, have implications for the visibility of scientific knowledge in the scientific community and among the public. This article posits that visibility in science communication is achieved with the availability of scientific knowledge, the approval of its dissemination, and its accessibility to third parties. The public understanding of science and public engagement with science paradigms emphasize different aspects of visibility with the latter focusing on the visibility of the creation of scientific knowledge more than public understanding of science which focuses on the knowledge itself. The digital information environment has engendered new formats and possibilities for visibility but also new risks, thereby creating tensions in science communication.
{"title":"Tension between visibility and invisibility: Science communication in new information environments","authors":"Julia Metag","doi":"10.24434/j.scoms.2021.01.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24434/j.scoms.2021.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"The visibility and invisibility of scientific knowledge, its creation, and of scientists are at the core of science communication research. Thus, prominent paradigms, such as the public understanding of science or public engagement with science and technology, have implications for the visibility of scientific knowledge in the scientific community and among the public. This article posits that visibility in science communication is achieved with the availability of scientific knowledge, the approval of its dissemination, and its accessibility to third parties. The public understanding of science and public engagement with science paradigms emphasize different aspects of visibility with the latter focusing on the visibility of the creation of scientific knowledge more than public understanding of science which focuses on the knowledge itself. The digital information environment has engendered new formats and possibilities for visibility but also new risks, thereby creating tensions in science communication.","PeriodicalId":38434,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Communication Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84409483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-18DOI: 10.24434/j.scoms.2020.02.002
Christofer Jost
Based on sample evaluation, this article investigates didactic actions and the display of expertise within the field of popular music-related online tutorials distributed on YouTube. In a first step, didactic activity and musical expertise are discussed with reference to institutional, interactional and media aspects in order to gain a comprehensive image of what influences the teaching of popular music. By means of the sample evaluation – the sample concentrates on highly-requested YouTube channels – basic insights into the specificity of the didactic situation induced by popular music-related online tutorials are to be provided. The analysis pays particular attention to the interlacing of knowledge organization, performance and audio-visual production. Overall, it can be shown how specific rules regarding the representation and gratification of expertise emerge in the YouTube media environment, examples of which are the “professional” appearance of the instructors and the compartmentalization of popular music-related cultural knowledge.
{"title":"How to play … popular music: Didactic action and the display of musical expertise in online tutorials","authors":"Christofer Jost","doi":"10.24434/j.scoms.2020.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24434/j.scoms.2020.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"Based on sample evaluation, this article investigates didactic actions and the display of expertise within the field of popular music-related online tutorials distributed on YouTube. In a first step, didactic activity and musical expertise are discussed with reference to institutional, interactional and media aspects in order to gain a comprehensive image of what influences the teaching of popular music. By means of the sample evaluation – the sample concentrates on highly-requested YouTube channels – basic insights into the specificity of the didactic situation induced by popular music-related online tutorials are to be provided. The analysis pays particular attention to the interlacing of knowledge organization, performance and audio-visual production. Overall, it can be shown how specific rules regarding the representation and gratification of expertise emerge in the YouTube media environment, examples of which are the “professional” appearance of the instructors and the compartmentalization of popular music-related cultural knowledge.","PeriodicalId":38434,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Communication Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":"159–179-159–179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84485099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-18DOI: 10.24434/j.scoms.2020.02.001
B. Lange, Aylin Bayirli, F. Schwab
Nachrichten stellen ein beliebtes Forschungsfeld der Kommunikationsforschung dar. In der entsprechenden deutschsprachigen Forschung werden vielfach die Hauptnachrichten der beiden deutschen Rundfunksysteme (offentlich-rechtlich vs. privat) miteinander verglichen – zuletzt z. B. hinsichtlich ihres Sprachniveaus. Allerdings existiert wenig Forschung, die sich dem Online-Nachrichtenangebot widmet. Daher lag unser Ziel in der Analyse des Sprachniveaus von deutschen Online-Nachrichtenangeboten beider Systeme sowie einzelner Sender (ARD, ZDF, RTL SAT.1) mit Hilfe von vier Kategorien des Textanalyseprogramms Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count sowie von zwei weiteren Massen (Umgangssprache, Flesch-Index), die unterschiedliche Dimensionen des Sprachniveaus erfassen. In Form einer kunstlichen Nachrichtenwoche wurden insgesamt 84 Online-Nachrichtentexte hinsichtlich ihres Sprachniveaus analysiert. Online-Nachrichten der Privatsender wiesen durchschnittlich langere Texte und mehr Worter pro Satz auf. Ein Unterschied hinsichtlich Wortschatzdiversitat und Wortkomplexitat konnte nicht gefunden werden. Die Ergebnisse zum Flesch-Index zeigen, dass Online-Nachrichten beider Systeme ahnlich schwer verstandlich sind. Diese Ergebnisse wurden aktuellen Daten zum Sprachniveau klassischer TV-Nachrichten gegenubergestellt. Dabei wurde evident, dass Online-Nachrichten hohere Werte bei einigen Markern des Sprachniveaus aufwiesen, was u. a. mit Hilfe des Kontinuums Mundlichkeit-Schriftlichkeit kontextualisierbar ist, und dass sich das Sprachniveau in Online-Nachrichten zwischen den Systemen und Sendern, im Unterschied zu TV-Nachrichten, eher ahnelte, was im ersten Fall als Konvergenz, im zweiten als Konkurrenz interpretiert werden kann.
新闻是属于交流研究的一个很受欢迎的研究领域。在恰当的德语区研究中，对比两个德国广播系统(官方及非官方)的主要信息是相互比较的，其中最重要的是它们的语言水平。然而，在线新闻报道方面的研究寥寥无几。因此我们的目标在分析德国Online-Nachrichtenangeboten Sprachniveaus》两项制度、国家电视台(,、德国电视二台RTL)采用艾四个类别的Textanalyseprogramms Linguistic Inquiry and Word伯爵以及另外两位群众——Flesch-Index俚语词的不同维度的Sprachniveaus捕捉.通过一个艺术的新闻星期，该网站总共分析了84次线上新闻直播的文字级别。在私人频道的在线新闻中，平均字词较长，每个句子贡献更多。无法发现应用词汇和繁复词汇之间的区别。弗莱士指数的结果显示，在这两种系统的在线新闻的确难以置信。这些结果与经典电视新闻的语言级别的真实数据相匹配。其实被的Online-Nachrichten hohere到一些数据层的Sprachniveaus雏形,包括用微型Kontinuums Mundlichkeit-Schriftlichkeit kontextualisierbar Sprachniveau在那Online-Nachrichten各系统和信号发射塔,区别于TV-Nachrichten ahnelte首先要什么而不是趋同,在第二次被竞争状态可以.
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Pub Date : 2020-11-18DOI: 10.24434/j.scoms.2020.02.010
Sabine Witt
Changes are taking in place academic writing due to the influence of the English-speaking academic community. While these changes are plain to see, they seldom undergo critical examination when it comes to learning how to wield them. Arlene Archer, a South African writing researcher and Director of the University of Cape Town’s Writing Center, studies this very aspect of academic language. As a keynote speaker at the Forum for Academic Writing conference organized in collaboration with the Lucerne School of Business Institute for Communication and Marketing, she was the sole presenter to draw attention to the political dimension of participation in academia. Using the concept of “voice”, which is to be understood approximately as “discursive self”, she highlights the need for a metalanguage in teaching and learning that will bring visibility to certain limitations on discourse. Archer uses social semiotics to always link the production of meaning in writing with social implications. She focuses on two central aspects of “voice”: the recognizability of authorship, which is expressed in various decisions on how content is selected and presented; and citation, which has the ability to open or close the door to academic conversation like a key. The author then presents a matrix of terms that can be used to ascertain “voice” in multimodal texts. Archer's critical examination of conventions in academic writing is recognizably motivated by Identity Politics and serves in part to empower the disadvantaged. Thus, Archer likewise ties didactics into a political mission that is strongly aimed at reflection and not just the use of resources in a semiotic sense.
由于英语学术界的影响，学术写作正在发生变化。虽然这些变化是显而易见的，但在学习如何运用它们时，它们很少经过严格的审查。南非写作研究员、开普敦大学写作中心主任阿琳·阿彻(Arlene Archer)研究了学术语言的这一方面。在与卢塞恩商学院(Lucerne School of Business Institute for Communication and Marketing)合作举办的学术写作论坛(Forum for Academic Writing)会议上，作为主讲人，她是唯一一位让人们关注学术参与的政治维度的演讲者。她利用“声音”的概念，即近似理解为“话语自我”，强调了在教学和学习中需要一种元语言，从而使话语的某些局限性可见。阿切尔运用社会符号学将写作中意义的产生与社会含义联系起来。她关注“声音”的两个核心方面:作者身份的可识别性，这体现在如何选择和呈现内容的各种决定中;还有引文，它可以像钥匙一样打开或关闭学术对话的大门。然后，作者提出了一个术语矩阵，可以用来确定多模态语篇中的“声音”。阿彻对学术写作惯例的批判性审视显然是受到身份政治的推动，部分是为了赋予弱势群体权力。因此，阿切尔同样将教学与一种政治使命联系在一起，这种使命强烈地以反思为目标，而不仅仅是在符号学意义上使用资源。
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Pub Date : 2020-11-18DOI: 10.24434/j.scoms.2020.02.004
Colin Porlezza, P. Di Salvo
In the last couple of years, hybridity has become a buzzword in journalism studies. Hybridity has often been used to describe ongoing transformations in journalism. In this sense, the increasing use of hybridity in the discipline can be seen as an answer, as Witschge, Anderson, Domingo and Hermida (2019, p. 652) declare, “to rising complexity in both journalism practice and scholarship”. At the same time, however, the use of the concept has itself become an object of scholarly debate: while some reject the notion as an undercomplex “catch-all” concept, others believe in its heuristic and analytical prowess. This debate is reinforced by the multiple connotations attributed to the notion, and how the term is used in positive (“a capacity for growth”; Stross, 1999, p. 257) or negative (“diluted version of [the] antecedents”; Chadwick, 2013, p. 14) senses. Either way, hybridity’s success in journalism studies certainly reflects an emancipation from conventional journalism theory, and as a call to develop “new conceptualizations, terminology, and vocabulary” (Witschge et al., 2019, p. 652) in order to grasp the current transformations in journalism – and the different forms of journalism that go beyond traditional understandings and definitions of journalism.
在过去的几年里，混合性已经成为新闻学研究中的一个流行词。混合性经常被用来描述新闻业正在进行的变革。从这个意义上说，正如Witschge、Anderson、Domingo和Hermida(2019，第652页)所宣称的那样，在这一学科中越来越多地使用混合性可以被视为“新闻实践和学术研究日益复杂”的答案。然而，与此同时，这个概念的使用本身也成为了学术辩论的对象:一些人认为这个概念不够复杂，是“包罗万象”的概念，而另一些人则相信它的启发式和分析能力。这个概念的多重内涵，以及这个词在积极意义上的使用(“增长能力”;Stross, 1999, p 257)或否定(“稀释版的[the]前因”;查德威克，2013，第14页)感官。无论哪种方式，混合性在新闻学研究中的成功肯定反映了对传统新闻理论的解放，并呼吁发展“新的概念化，术语和词汇”(Witschge等人，2019年，第652页)，以便掌握当前新闻学的转变-以及超越传统理解和定义的新闻的不同形式。
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Pub Date : 2020-11-18DOI: 10.24434/j.scoms.2020.02.007
P. Di Salvo, Colin Porlezza
Hackers have a double relevance with regard to the transformation of the journalistic field: first, they have established themselves as journalistic actors, even if their work may sometimes seem unfamiliar. Second, hackers have not only become important sources for information but they are also a topic of public interest in a data-driven society increasingly threatened by surveillance capitalism. This paper critically discusses the role of hackers as news sources by analyzing the “stalkerware” investigation carried out by the online news magazine Motherboard. Drawing from field theory and boundary work, the article sheds light on how hackers exert an increasing influence on journalism, its practices, epistemologies, and ethics, resulting in an increasing hybridization of journalism. Journalism has become a dynamic space, in which hackers are not only becoming relevant actors in the journalism field, but they often represent the only sources journalists have to shed light on wrongdoings. Hence, hackers are increasingly defining the conditions under which journalism is carried out, both in terms of its practices as well as in its normative framework.
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Pub Date : 2020-11-18DOI: 10.24434/j.scoms.2020.02.009
M. Verhoeven
TV series are one of the very few ‘traditional’ media formats that continue to thrive in the current media landscape. In Europe, the format of TV series (i.e. serial audio-visual fictional narratives) has been surging for some time in terms of numbers of suppliers and consumers, as well as in shares of distributors’ offerings and consumers’ media use. Homegrown high-end original productions have become ‘calling cards’ for suppliers active in the European market(s). Subscription-based, pay-per-view, and advertising-based networks, as well as public service suppliers order and finance serial fiction. International players like Netflix, HBO, Sky, and Amazon invest in original (co-) productions in many countries. From a media economic perspective, the market entry of more and more ‘big tech’ and conglomerate players into the production and distribution of TV series is another indicator of the importance of the product TV series. The success of the format warrants extensive investigation. Nevertheless, compared to, e.g., cinema, ‘new’ media, and political communication, the attention of scholars in communication/media science and other disciplines still seems surprisingly modest, particularly in Europe. Some noteworthy European works on fictional TV series are Schlutz (2016), Redvall (2013), Gormasz (2015), and the scientific journal Series – International Journal of TV Serial Narratives (series.unibo.it). Ursula Ganz’s work Signs of Time was accepted as a habilitation thesis in 2009, and an adapted form was published in 2018. The thesis thus represents somewhat of a European premiere in discussing in great detail and depth what the term ‘(audiovisual) cumulative narrative’ entails and how the central feature of accumulation impacts the analysis of narrative as communication and reflective stance.
电视剧是为数不多的在当前媒体格局中继续蓬勃发展的“传统”媒体形式之一。在欧洲，电视连续剧的形式(即连续的视听虚构叙事)在供应商和消费者的数量以及分销商提供的产品和消费者媒体使用的份额方面已经激增了一段时间。本土的高端原创产品已经成为活跃在欧洲市场的供应商的名片。基于订阅、按次付费和基于广告的网络，以及公共服务供应商订购和资助系列小说。Netflix、HBO、Sky和亚马逊等国际公司在许多国家投资原创(合作)作品。从媒体经济的角度来看，越来越多的“科技巨头”和企业集团进入电视连续剧的制作和发行市场，是产品电视连续剧重要性的另一个指标。这种模式的成功值得广泛的研究。然而，与电影、“新”媒体和政治传播等学科相比，传播/媒体科学和其他学科的学者的关注似乎仍然令人惊讶地低调，尤其是在欧洲。一些值得注意的欧洲虚构电视剧作品是Schlutz (2016)， Redvall (2013)， Gormasz(2015)和科学期刊series - International journal of TV Serial Narratives (series.unibo.it)。厄休拉·甘兹的作品《时间的标志》于2009年被接受为康复论文，并于2018年出版了改编版。因此，本文在详细而深入地讨论“(视听)累积叙事”一词的含义以及积累的核心特征如何影响作为交流和反思立场的叙事分析方面，在某种程度上代表了欧洲的首次。
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Pub Date : 2020-11-18DOI: 10.24434/j.scoms.2020.02.011
Corinne Schweizer
Media Labs: Ist das nur ein schickes Label oder steht dahinter eine moderne Form der Arbeitsorganisation fur die kommunikationswissenschaftliche Forschung? Dieser Frage ging die Zukunftswerkstatt der Ulrich Saxer-Stiftung nach, die am 23. Oktober 2020 an der Universitat Zurich stattfand. Das Ziel der am IKMZ angesiedelten Stiftung ist es, den publizistik- und kommunikationswissenschaftlichen Nachwuchs in der Schweiz zu fordern. Das tut sie unter anderem durch eine jahrliche Werkstatt zu einem aktuellen Thema. Unter der Leitung von Dr. Corinne Schweizer wurde die Werkstatt Corona-bedingt als hybride Variante durchgefuhrt: Einige Teilnehmende und Referierende sassen im Horsaal, andere waren online zugeschaltet.
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Pub Date : 2020-11-18DOI: 10.24434/j.scoms.2020.02.006
Christopher Buschow
This paper proposes a practice-theoretical journalism research approach for an alternate and innovative perspective of digital journalism’s current empirical challenges. The practice-theoretical approach is introduced by demonstrating its explanatory power in relation to demarcation problems, technological changes, economic challenges and challenges to journalism’s legitimacy. Its respective advantages in dealing with these problems are explained and then compared to established journalism theories. The particular relevance of the theoretical perspective is due to (1) its central decision to observe journalistic practices, (2) the transgression of conventional journalistic boundaries, (3) the denaturalization of journalistic norms and laws, (4) the explicit consideration of a material, socio-technical dimension of journalism, (5) a focus on the conflicting relationship between journalistic practices and media management practices, and (6) prioritizing order generation over stability.
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