Soil salinity/sodicity is becoming a challenge for crop production in Ethiopia’s semi-arid and arid regions. However, more information on soil salinity/sodicity needs to be available around Abaya and Chamo Lakes, South Ethiopia Rift Valley. This study aimed to assess and characterize soil salinity/sodicity and determine salt-affected soils’ morphological, physical, and chemical properties. The representative soil pits that were 60 60 60 cm in size were examined, and samples were taken from 0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm depths based on the criteria set for agricultural salt-affected soil studies. The soil properties determined include soil color, structure, consistency, bulk density, particle density, porosity, texture, pH, EC, SAR, ESP, CEC, BS, OC, TN, available P, CaCO3−, exchangeable bases, and soluble ions (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Cl−, SO4−2, NO3−, CO3−2, and HCO3−. The soil-analyzed results were rated and interpreted following a guide to standardized analysis methods for soil data. The results of this study reveal that the soils had considerable heterogeneity in soil morphological, physical, and chemical properties. The soils of the study site were highly alkaline and had very high sodium content, very high CEC value, and low levels of organic carbon and exchangeable calcium. The dominant soluble cation was sodium, followed by magnesium, calcium, and potassium in all soil depths of the pits. Similarly, Cl− was dominant among the anions throughout the soil depth, followed by HCO3−, SO42−, and NO3−. The findings of this study imply that removing sodium and salts from the soil depth may improve the salt-affected soils’ productivity in the study area. Application of organic amendments, including manures and crop residues, may also be beneficial in increasing fertility and organic matter content.
{"title":"Assessment and Characterization of Agricultural Salt-Affected Soils around Abaya and Chamo Lakes, South Ethiopia Rift Valley","authors":"Azmera Walche, Wassie Haile, Alemayehu Kiflu, Dereje Tsegaye","doi":"10.1155/2023/3946508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3946508","url":null,"abstract":"Soil salinity/sodicity is becoming a challenge for crop production in Ethiopia’s semi-arid and arid regions. However, more information on soil salinity/sodicity needs to be available around Abaya and Chamo Lakes, South Ethiopia Rift Valley. This study aimed to assess and characterize soil salinity/sodicity and determine salt-affected soils’ morphological, physical, and chemical properties. The representative soil pits that were 60 <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M1\"> <mi>∗</mi> </math> 60 <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M2\"> <mi>∗</mi> </math> 60 cm in size were examined, and samples were taken from 0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm depths based on the criteria set for agricultural salt-affected soil studies. The soil properties determined include soil color, structure, consistency, bulk density, particle density, porosity, texture, pH, EC, SAR, ESP, CEC, BS, OC, TN, available P, CaCO3−, exchangeable bases, and soluble ions (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Cl−, SO4−2, NO3−, CO3−2, and HCO3−. The soil-analyzed results were rated and interpreted following a guide to standardized analysis methods for soil data. The results of this study reveal that the soils had considerable heterogeneity in soil morphological, physical, and chemical properties. The soils of the study site were highly alkaline and had very high sodium content, very high CEC value, and low levels of organic carbon and exchangeable calcium. The dominant soluble cation was sodium, followed by magnesium, calcium, and potassium in all soil depths of the pits. Similarly, Cl− was dominant among the anions throughout the soil depth, followed by HCO3−, SO42−, and NO3−. The findings of this study imply that removing sodium and salts from the soil depth may improve the salt-affected soils’ productivity in the study area. Application of organic amendments, including manures and crop residues, may also be beneficial in increasing fertility and organic matter content.","PeriodicalId":38438,"journal":{"name":"Applied and Environmental Soil Science","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135826792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted to assess the effects of soil and water conservation practices and slope gradients on selected physicochemical properties of soil at Ejersa Watershed based on a total of 18 composite soil samples collected and analyzed using standard laboratory procedures. The values of pH, electrical conductivity, cation exchangeable capacity, organic carbon, organic matter, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus determined in soil samples collected from conserved and nonconserved plots were 6.4 and 6.16, 40.26 mS/m and 15.12 mS/m, 33.51 meq/100 g and 21.56 meq/100 g, 2.66% and 2.24%, 4.58% and 3.86%, 0.24% and 0.15%, and 29.45 ppm and 17.68 ppm, respectively. Soil pH, electrical conductivity, moisture, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus were significantly different ( p < 0.01 ) between treated and untreated plots and among the slope classes. Values of soil organic carbon and organic matter showed significant differences ( p < 0.05 ) between land types but not among the slope classes. Soil cation exchange capacity showed significant difference ( p < 0.05 ) between land types as well as among the slope classes. Relatively, higher values of many of the physicochemical parameters were recorded in samples collected from the treated land and lower slopes which might be attributed to the deposition effects of the conservation practices and decline in the rate of soil erosion.
{"title":"Effects of Soil and Water Conservation Practices and Slope Gradient on Selected Soil Physicochemical Properties in Ejersa Watershed, Toke Kutaye District, Ethiopia","authors":"Negesu Kebede, A. Negassa","doi":"10.1155/2023/6927071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6927071","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to assess the effects of soil and water conservation practices and slope gradients on selected physicochemical properties of soil at Ejersa Watershed based on a total of 18 composite soil samples collected and analyzed using standard laboratory procedures. The values of pH, electrical conductivity, cation exchangeable capacity, organic carbon, organic matter, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus determined in soil samples collected from conserved and nonconserved plots were 6.4 and 6.16, 40.26 mS/m and 15.12 mS/m, 33.51 meq/100 g and 21.56 meq/100 g, 2.66% and 2.24%, 4.58% and 3.86%, 0.24% and 0.15%, and 29.45 ppm and 17.68 ppm, respectively. Soil pH, electrical conductivity, moisture, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus were significantly different (\u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 <\u0000 0.01\u0000 \u0000 ) between treated and untreated plots and among the slope classes. Values of soil organic carbon and organic matter showed significant differences (\u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 <\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 ) between land types but not among the slope classes. Soil cation exchange capacity showed significant difference (\u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 <\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 ) between land types as well as among the slope classes. Relatively, higher values of many of the physicochemical parameters were recorded in samples collected from the treated land and lower slopes which might be attributed to the deposition effects of the conservation practices and decline in the rate of soil erosion.","PeriodicalId":38438,"journal":{"name":"Applied and Environmental Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49596691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study has evaluated suitability of the Sinana Research Site (SRS) (southeastern Ethiopia) for sustainable wheat and barley production to improve local food security. Physical land evaluation was undertaken using data about ten land characteristics. Matching land characteristics with land use requirements was made, first. Decision on the overall level of suitability of the area for wheat and barley farming was conducted using the “maximum limiting factor” technique. Over two-third (70.2%) of SRS was marginally suitable for barley farming, but 29.8% of the area was “not suitable” for it. Only slightly less than three-fifth (57.6%) of the area was marginally suitable for wheat production, and the rest 42.4% was “not suitable” for it. Deficient N and P supply and soil alkalinity were critical constraints of land suitability for both crops. Thus, integrated application of inorganic and organic fertilizers and rotating leguminous crops with wheat and barley are useful to mitigate deficiency of N and P in the soil. Hence, farms under “marginally” and “not” suitable classes could be improved to moderate (S2) or high (S1) level of suitability for the crops studied. This, in turn, improves yield and food security status of households in the study area.
{"title":"Land Suitability Analysis for Sustainable Production of Selected Cereals in Southeastern Ethiopia","authors":"Arragaw Alemayehu","doi":"10.1155/2023/6688187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6688187","url":null,"abstract":"This study has evaluated suitability of the Sinana Research Site (SRS) (southeastern Ethiopia) for sustainable wheat and barley production to improve local food security. Physical land evaluation was undertaken using data about ten land characteristics. Matching land characteristics with land use requirements was made, first. Decision on the overall level of suitability of the area for wheat and barley farming was conducted using the “maximum limiting factor” technique. Over two-third (70.2%) of SRS was marginally suitable for barley farming, but 29.8% of the area was “not suitable” for it. Only slightly less than three-fifth (57.6%) of the area was marginally suitable for wheat production, and the rest 42.4% was “not suitable” for it. Deficient N and P supply and soil alkalinity were critical constraints of land suitability for both crops. Thus, integrated application of inorganic and organic fertilizers and rotating leguminous crops with wheat and barley are useful to mitigate deficiency of N and P in the soil. Hence, farms under “marginally” and “not” suitable classes could be improved to moderate (S2) or high (S1) level of suitability for the crops studied. This, in turn, improves yield and food security status of households in the study area.","PeriodicalId":38438,"journal":{"name":"Applied and Environmental Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42703572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of Ethiopia’s threatening environmental problems is soil erosion. Minimizing soil erosion to the tolerable level needs evidence-based sustainable land management. This study aimed to investigate the soil erosion rate and its relation with site physical characteristics (slope, land use/cover, and soil properties) using the GIS-based RUSLE model in the Majang watershed. Climate data, DEM, Landsat image, and soil map were used to model soil erosion by applying the RUSLE model. The results showed that cultivated land is the most vulnerable type of land use to soil loss (35.1·t ha−1 year−1) followed by grasslands (19.6·t ha−1 year−1) in the watershed. Conversely, forest land is the least vulnerable land use and generates a very low amount of soil loss (12·t ha−1 year−1). Similarly, the average soil loss of the watershed is strongly related to the slope gradient. The model result indicated that a high amount of soil loss was observed in very steep slope land (62.8·t ha−1 year−1) but lower in the gentle slope (13.6·t ha−1 year−1). Soil types and their characteristics have greater roles in generating a high amount of soil loss. Acrisols, which lack organic matter content, have experienced a high soil loss rate (20·t ha−1 year−1). This implies soil loss is highly associated with site-specific characteristics such as slope gradient, land cover/use, and soil condition. The greatest share of the soil loss was estimated from steep slopes, bare and cultivated land, and less fertile soils. Therefore, building an integrated participatory approach needs immediate attention, and all farmers and stakeholders need to focus on on-site prioritization and invest more in conserving vulnerable areas.
{"title":"Modeling Soil Loss and Its Association to Site Physical Characteristics in Majang Watershed, Baro Abobo River Basin","authors":"Mengie Belayneh, Mamush Masha, Bedilu Befikadu","doi":"10.1155/2023/6099543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6099543","url":null,"abstract":"One of Ethiopia’s threatening environmental problems is soil erosion. Minimizing soil erosion to the tolerable level needs evidence-based sustainable land management. This study aimed to investigate the soil erosion rate and its relation with site physical characteristics (slope, land use/cover, and soil properties) using the GIS-based RUSLE model in the Majang watershed. Climate data, DEM, Landsat image, and soil map were used to model soil erosion by applying the RUSLE model. The results showed that cultivated land is the most vulnerable type of land use to soil loss (35.1·t ha−1 year−1) followed by grasslands (19.6·t ha−1 year−1) in the watershed. Conversely, forest land is the least vulnerable land use and generates a very low amount of soil loss (12·t ha−1 year−1). Similarly, the average soil loss of the watershed is strongly related to the slope gradient. The model result indicated that a high amount of soil loss was observed in very steep slope land (62.8·t ha−1 year−1) but lower in the gentle slope (13.6·t ha−1 year−1). Soil types and their characteristics have greater roles in generating a high amount of soil loss. Acrisols, which lack organic matter content, have experienced a high soil loss rate (20·t ha−1 year−1). This implies soil loss is highly associated with site-specific characteristics such as slope gradient, land cover/use, and soil condition. The greatest share of the soil loss was estimated from steep slopes, bare and cultivated land, and less fertile soils. Therefore, building an integrated participatory approach needs immediate attention, and all farmers and stakeholders need to focus on on-site prioritization and invest more in conserving vulnerable areas.","PeriodicalId":38438,"journal":{"name":"Applied and Environmental Soil Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41672306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acidic soil adversely affects the plant growth and production. Various ameliorating strategies are known, but the optimum rate of lime and compost rate determination for better nutrient management and production in acid Ultisols was not well studied, so the main objective of this study was to determine optimum lime and compost rate for wheat production. A pot experiment was performed on the soil collected from Yefereze (Cheha District). The incubation trail was conducted in factorial combination of four level lime (8.44, 6.33, 4.22, and 0 t·ha−1) and compost (15, 10, 5, and 0 t·ha−1). The sixteen treatments were arranged in completed randomized design (CRD) with triplicate replications in the greenhouse. After 75 days, each pot that was planted with wheat and crop performance had been monitored. The textural class of the soils of the experiment was clay with strongly acidic pH. The organic carbon (2.17%) and total nitrogen content (0.17%) status was medium. The available phosphorus (Av. P) contents were very low (1.63 ppm). The experimental study result revealed that all the three rates of lime and compost continuously improve the soil pH throughout the study periods and the maximum soil pH (6.53) was obtained in combination of 8.44 t·ha−1 and 10 t·ha−1 lime and compost, respectively. The compost amended treatment indicated slight improvement in soil reaction which assert that using compost alone did not reduce soil acidity within 75-day periods in strongly acidic soil condition for suitable wheat production. Liming alone or integrated application increases soil pH (4.69 to 6.53), cation exchangeable capacity (CEC) (27.18 to 31.58 cmolckg−1), exchangeable calcium (3.56 to 8.43 cmolckg−1), available phosphorus (Av.P) (1.63 to 5.27 ppm), total nitrogen (TN) (0.19 to 0.24 ppm), and exchangeable acidity reduced (0.73 cmolckg−1 to trace). Integrated application of 8.44 and 5 t·ha−1 lime and compost rates improve the overall soil property and maximize the wheat yield by 24.26%. Generally, the limiting factor for wheat production of the study area was the acidity of the soil. The combined application of lime and compost raised the pH and improved the suitability of the soil for wheat production. However, the status of Av. P was low after the amendment, and it is advisable to integrate phosphorus containing fertilizer in addition to lime and compost for optimum and sustainable production of wheat in the study area. Since the incubation and greenhouse experiment were conducted in a controlled environment, there is a need for field verification. It is also advisable to assess the economic feasibility of the different rates of lime and compost for an appropriate soil management decision.
{"title":"Determination of Lime Requirement with Compost on Acidic Ultisols for Wheat Crop in the Gurage Zone of Ethiopia","authors":"Dereje Dejene, T. Yitbarek, Abdeta Jembere","doi":"10.1155/2023/4307448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4307448","url":null,"abstract":"Acidic soil adversely affects the plant growth and production. Various ameliorating strategies are known, but the optimum rate of lime and compost rate determination for better nutrient management and production in acid Ultisols was not well studied, so the main objective of this study was to determine optimum lime and compost rate for wheat production. A pot experiment was performed on the soil collected from Yefereze (Cheha District). The incubation trail was conducted in factorial combination of four level lime (8.44, 6.33, 4.22, and 0 t·ha−1) and compost (15, 10, 5, and 0 t·ha−1). The sixteen treatments were arranged in completed randomized design (CRD) with triplicate replications in the greenhouse. After 75 days, each pot that was planted with wheat and crop performance had been monitored. The textural class of the soils of the experiment was clay with strongly acidic pH. The organic carbon (2.17%) and total nitrogen content (0.17%) status was medium. The available phosphorus (Av. P) contents were very low (1.63 ppm). The experimental study result revealed that all the three rates of lime and compost continuously improve the soil pH throughout the study periods and the maximum soil pH (6.53) was obtained in combination of 8.44 t·ha−1 and 10 t·ha−1 lime and compost, respectively. The compost amended treatment indicated slight improvement in soil reaction which assert that using compost alone did not reduce soil acidity within 75-day periods in strongly acidic soil condition for suitable wheat production. Liming alone or integrated application increases soil pH (4.69 to 6.53), cation exchangeable capacity (CEC) (27.18 to 31.58 cmolckg−1), exchangeable calcium (3.56 to 8.43 cmolckg−1), available phosphorus (Av.P) (1.63 to 5.27 ppm), total nitrogen (TN) (0.19 to 0.24 ppm), and exchangeable acidity reduced (0.73 cmolckg−1 to trace). Integrated application of 8.44 and 5 t·ha−1 lime and compost rates improve the overall soil property and maximize the wheat yield by 24.26%. Generally, the limiting factor for wheat production of the study area was the acidity of the soil. The combined application of lime and compost raised the pH and improved the suitability of the soil for wheat production. However, the status of Av. P was low after the amendment, and it is advisable to integrate phosphorus containing fertilizer in addition to lime and compost for optimum and sustainable production of wheat in the study area. Since the incubation and greenhouse experiment were conducted in a controlled environment, there is a need for field verification. It is also advisable to assess the economic feasibility of the different rates of lime and compost for an appropriate soil management decision.","PeriodicalId":38438,"journal":{"name":"Applied and Environmental Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43192554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the growing emphasis on sustainable agriculture, food security, and environmental protection, the use of beneficial soil microbes is imperative, as the use of chemicals such as fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides has resulted in food contamination, disease, weed resistance, and negative environmental consequences, which ultimately impacted human health. Climate change is a major factor and is of great concern for crop production. Abiotic stresses, including salt and drought stress, restrain the crop yield. The aim of this particular study is to understand what role do plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) play in combating the salinity and drought stresses through modification of nutritional profile. In the current study, inoculated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plants were subjected to various stresses such as 200 mM and 1000 mM salinity stress as well as drought stress, and then their various parameters such as seed germination as well as shoot and root biomasses and photosynthetic activity were compared with non-treated stressed barley plants. Our data depicted an improvement or significant enhancement of these parameters in PGPR (Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 and Pseudomonas putida KT2440) applied barley plants. Furthermore, the particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique was used for the elemental analysis of PGPR-inoculated and non-inoculated plants under stress vs. no stress conditions. Our PIXE analysis of various macro- and micronutrients revealed an enhancement of Ca, Mg, K, P, S, Al, and Si uptake in PGPR-treated plants. PGPR applications depicted reduced Cl− contents in 200 mM salt-stressed barley roots (KT2440 = 7.7 mg/kg and SBW25 = 6.3 mg/kg) and stems (KT2440 = 406.4 mg/kg and SBW25 = 365.5 mg/kg) as compared to controls (roots = 8.9 and stems = 469.5), while they displayed a significant increase in the barley leaves (KT2440 = 405 mg/kg and SBW25 = 416.4 mg/kg) when compared to control (110.6 mg/kg) under the same stress condition. In 1000 mM salt stress, a significant reduction in the Cl− content was observed in PGPR-applied barley roots (KT2440 = 7.6 mg/kg), stems (KT2440 = 1205.8 mg/kg and SBW25 = 1008.3 mg/kg), and leaves (KT2440 = 967.8 mg/kg and SBW25 = 530.8 mg/kg) when compared to controls (roots = 15.2 mg/kg, stems = 1605.2 mg/kg, and leaves = 1165.2 mg/kg). On the other hand, a significant increase in the Cl− content was noticed in PGPR-applied barley roots (KT2440 = 29.5 mg/kg and SBW25 = 25.8 mg/kg), stems (KT2440 = 1023.8 mg/kg and SBW25 = 894.9 mg/kg), and leaves (KT2440 = 369.2 mg/kg and SBW25 = 409.8 mg/kg) when compared to controls (roots = 13.5 mg/kg, stems = 505.3 mg/kg, and leaves = 219.9 mg/kg) under drought stress condition. PGPR application was also found to be effective for enhancing the uptake of micronutrients (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) in barley plant parts under control and also under stressed conditions. Overall, our findings revealed an improvement in the uptake of macro- and micro
{"title":"Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Reduce Adverse Effects of Salinity and Drought Stresses by Regulating Nutritional Profile of Barley","authors":"Sania Zaib, Akmal Zubair, Safdar Abbas, Javed Hussain, Ishaq Ahmad, Samina N. Shakeel","doi":"10.1155/2023/7261784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7261784","url":null,"abstract":"With the growing emphasis on sustainable agriculture, food security, and environmental protection, the use of beneficial soil microbes is imperative, as the use of chemicals such as fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides has resulted in food contamination, disease, weed resistance, and negative environmental consequences, which ultimately impacted human health. Climate change is a major factor and is of great concern for crop production. Abiotic stresses, including salt and drought stress, restrain the crop yield. The aim of this particular study is to understand what role do plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) play in combating the salinity and drought stresses through modification of nutritional profile. In the current study, inoculated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plants were subjected to various stresses such as 200 mM and 1000 mM salinity stress as well as drought stress, and then their various parameters such as seed germination as well as shoot and root biomasses and photosynthetic activity were compared with non-treated stressed barley plants. Our data depicted an improvement or significant enhancement of these parameters in PGPR (Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 and Pseudomonas putida KT2440) applied barley plants. Furthermore, the particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique was used for the elemental analysis of PGPR-inoculated and non-inoculated plants under stress vs. no stress conditions. Our PIXE analysis of various macro- and micronutrients revealed an enhancement of Ca, Mg, K, P, S, Al, and Si uptake in PGPR-treated plants. PGPR applications depicted reduced Cl− contents in 200 mM salt-stressed barley roots (KT2440 = 7.7 mg/kg and SBW25 = 6.3 mg/kg) and stems (KT2440 = 406.4 mg/kg and SBW25 = 365.5 mg/kg) as compared to controls (roots = 8.9 and stems = 469.5), while they displayed a significant increase in the barley leaves (KT2440 = 405 mg/kg and SBW25 = 416.4 mg/kg) when compared to control (110.6 mg/kg) under the same stress condition. In 1000 mM salt stress, a significant reduction in the Cl− content was observed in PGPR-applied barley roots (KT2440 = 7.6 mg/kg), stems (KT2440 = 1205.8 mg/kg and SBW25 = 1008.3 mg/kg), and leaves (KT2440 = 967.8 mg/kg and SBW25 = 530.8 mg/kg) when compared to controls (roots = 15.2 mg/kg, stems = 1605.2 mg/kg, and leaves = 1165.2 mg/kg). On the other hand, a significant increase in the Cl− content was noticed in PGPR-applied barley roots (KT2440 = 29.5 mg/kg and SBW25 = 25.8 mg/kg), stems (KT2440 = 1023.8 mg/kg and SBW25 = 894.9 mg/kg), and leaves (KT2440 = 369.2 mg/kg and SBW25 = 409.8 mg/kg) when compared to controls (roots = 13.5 mg/kg, stems = 505.3 mg/kg, and leaves = 219.9 mg/kg) under drought stress condition. PGPR application was also found to be effective for enhancing the uptake of micronutrients (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) in barley plant parts under control and also under stressed conditions. Overall, our findings revealed an improvement in the uptake of macro- and micro","PeriodicalId":38438,"journal":{"name":"Applied and Environmental Soil Science","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136337884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethiopia has undergone a substantial shift in land use and land cover (LULC), which is home to the majority of the human and animal population. Land degradation has occurred in the Ethiopian highlands as a result of modifications in LULC caused by poor farming methods, high livestock population, and human pressures. Most researchers identified the many LULC drivers and their impact on floristic composition. All of these manifestations have the potential to have major consequences for land users and individuals whose livelihoods rely on the products of a healthy environment. This change in LULC type, combined with poor land management practices in Ethiopia, puts land in jeopardy of erosion, resulting in accelerated soil degradation. All LULC variables, such as the spread of various agricultural activities, the production of fuelwood and charcoal, cutting trees for construction resources, settlements, and revenue growth, are associated with population increase and resettlement. In Ethiopia, the lack of a relevant forest policy implementation on the ground is recognized as a cause pushing deforestation and other landscape changes. This review paper aimed to compile the effects of land use land cover changes on Ethiopian vegetation.
{"title":"Impacts of Land Use and Land Cover Change on Vegetation Diversity of Tropical Highland in Ethiopia","authors":"A. Hussein","doi":"10.1155/2023/2531241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2531241","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia has undergone a substantial shift in land use and land cover (LULC), which is home to the majority of the human and animal population. Land degradation has occurred in the Ethiopian highlands as a result of modifications in LULC caused by poor farming methods, high livestock population, and human pressures. Most researchers identified the many LULC drivers and their impact on floristic composition. All of these manifestations have the potential to have major consequences for land users and individuals whose livelihoods rely on the products of a healthy environment. This change in LULC type, combined with poor land management practices in Ethiopia, puts land in jeopardy of erosion, resulting in accelerated soil degradation. All LULC variables, such as the spread of various agricultural activities, the production of fuelwood and charcoal, cutting trees for construction resources, settlements, and revenue growth, are associated with population increase and resettlement. In Ethiopia, the lack of a relevant forest policy implementation on the ground is recognized as a cause pushing deforestation and other landscape changes. This review paper aimed to compile the effects of land use land cover changes on Ethiopian vegetation.","PeriodicalId":38438,"journal":{"name":"Applied and Environmental Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42809594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.61511/aes.v1i1.2023.60
Muhammad Hafidh Soni Rajabson, Rima Rachmayani, Putu Natalia Sarasvati
Karang merupakan salah satu biota yang sangat sensitif terhadap perubahan kualitas air laut, khusunya Suhu Permukaan Laut (SPL). Parameter kualitas air laut meliputi suhu, salinitas, pH, dan Dissolved Oxygen (DO) memiliki peran yang penting bagi biota laut. Kondisi kualitas air yang melebihi ambang batas yang dapat ditolerir oleh karang, diduga dapat menghambat laju pertumbuhan maupun proses resiliensinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami kondisi oseanografi dan kesesuaiannya dalam mendukung ekosistem terumbu karang di Perairan Nusa Dua. Pengukuran kualitas air secara in situ dilakukan pada 14 Juli 2022 di Sektor 5, Coral Garden, dan BTN yang merupakan area ekosistem terumbu karang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, nilai sebaran SPL berkisar antara 27.5-28,1°C, salinitas berkisar 30 PSU; pH berkisar 8,01 - 8,18 satuan; DO berkisar 7.2 - 7,4 mg/L; kecerahan berkisar 1.75 – 1.82 m. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan kualitas air masih sesuai dengan baku mutu air laut khususnya bagi karang, sesuai yang ditetapkan oleh Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Republik Indonesia, kecuali untuk parameter salinitas dan suhu yang berada di bawah ambang batas minimum.
珊瑚是对海水质量变化非常敏感的生物之一，尤其是海面温度变化。海洋水质参数包括温度、盐度、pH值和溶解的氧，对海洋生物具有重要作用。超过珊瑚可以忍受的极限的水质量条件，被认为会抑制其生长速度和退行性。本研究旨在了解海洋学的条件及其支持努萨二号水域珊瑚礁生态系统的通性。2022年7月14日，在第5区、珊瑚花园和珊瑚礁生态系统区域的BTN进行了对水质的实际测量。研究结果显示,零散的SPL价值27岁不等。5-28,1 PSU 30°C,盐度范围;pH值为8.01 - 8.18单位;DO DO range 7.2 - 7.4 mg/L;亮度约为1.75 - 1.82米。这表明，水的质量仍然与珊瑚的标准海水质量相匹配，这是印度尼西亚共和国环境部长所规定的，除了最低限度的盐度和温度参数。
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Due to worries about global warming and its effects on the environment, economy, and society, a lot of emphasis has been paid to the switch to electric vehicles (EVs). This essay focuses on the switch to electric vehicles in Indonesia and Russia. Green technology, such as EVs, have been introduced in Indonesia in order to lower carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and enhance air quality. The study emphasizes the advantages of EVs, including their simplicity and improved comfort when compared to conventional vehicles, as well as their free highway use, parking, and tax incentives. The restricted affordability, ambiguous national policies, and inadequate public infrastructure provide difficulties for Indonesia. However, relative to its enormous auto fleet, Russia has lagged behind in the development of EVs, with just a tiny number of registered electric vehicles. However, the Russian government has approved a plan to increase the infrastructure and production of electric road transport. The strengths, weaknesses, and transitional strategies for EVs are assessed using a case study approach and comparative analysis. In order to encourage the use of EVs, it is stressed the significant of incentive programs and supportive policies, such as tax breaks and regional manufacture. The study comes to the conclusion that although both nations have made progress in the transition to electric vehicles, more has to be done in terms of policy creation, infrastructure development, and technological improvements in order to hasten the adoption of EVs in Russia and Indonesia.
{"title":"The electric vehicle transition in Russia and Indonesia","authors":"Ashurzoda Shahboz, Raldi Hendrotoro Seputro Koestoer","doi":"10.61511/aes.v1i1.2023.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61511/aes.v1i1.2023.153","url":null,"abstract":"Due to worries about global warming and its effects on the environment, economy, and society, a lot of emphasis has been paid to the switch to electric vehicles (EVs). This essay focuses on the switch to electric vehicles in Indonesia and Russia. Green technology, such as EVs, have been introduced in Indonesia in order to lower carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and enhance air quality. The study emphasizes the advantages of EVs, including their simplicity and improved comfort when compared to conventional vehicles, as well as their free highway use, parking, and tax incentives. The restricted affordability, ambiguous national policies, and inadequate public infrastructure provide difficulties for Indonesia. However, relative to its enormous auto fleet, Russia has lagged behind in the development of EVs, with just a tiny number of registered electric vehicles. However, the Russian government has approved a plan to increase the infrastructure and production of electric road transport. The strengths, weaknesses, and transitional strategies for EVs are assessed using a case study approach and comparative analysis. In order to encourage the use of EVs, it is stressed the significant of incentive programs and supportive policies, such as tax breaks and regional manufacture. The study comes to the conclusion that although both nations have made progress in the transition to electric vehicles, more has to be done in terms of policy creation, infrastructure development, and technological improvements in order to hasten the adoption of EVs in Russia and Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":38438,"journal":{"name":"Applied and Environmental Soil Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135314186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.61511/aes.v1i1.2023.61
Putu Natalia Sarasvati, I Gusti Bagus Sila Dharma
Kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata) merupakan salah satu hasil perikanan pantai yang banyak disenangi masyarakat karena rasa dagingnya yang enak, terutama daging kepiting yang sedang bertelur, serta kandungan proteinnya yang tinggi. Ekowisata Mangrove Wanasari, Tuban, Bali sebagai upaya dalam meningkatkan usaha dan kualitas pada ketersediaan kepiting bakau serta untuk mengetahui segala hal yang berkaitan dengan Manajemen Pemeliharaan Induk Kepiting Bakau (Scylla serrata) beserta kendala-kendala yang dihadapi pada kegiatan pemeliharaan induk kepiting bakau. Bidang kerja yang diambil adalah pengamatan dan manajemen pengindukan kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata). Dalam pengamatan tersebut indukan kepiting belum dalam tahap fase kawin dikarenakan pada saat itu memasuki musim hujan yang dimana kepiting cenderung pada fase bertahan hidup. Dikatakan bahwa kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata) memasuki fase kawin pada musim kemarau, sehingga pada waktu PKL dilakukan manajemen pada kolam indukan dan indukan agar tidak mati.
{"title":"Manajemen pemeliharaan induk kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata) di ekowisata mangrove Wanasari, Tuban","authors":"Putu Natalia Sarasvati, I Gusti Bagus Sila Dharma","doi":"10.61511/aes.v1i1.2023.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61511/aes.v1i1.2023.61","url":null,"abstract":"Kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata) merupakan salah satu hasil perikanan pantai yang banyak disenangi masyarakat karena rasa dagingnya yang enak, terutama daging kepiting yang sedang bertelur, serta kandungan proteinnya yang tinggi. Ekowisata Mangrove Wanasari, Tuban, Bali sebagai upaya dalam meningkatkan usaha dan kualitas pada ketersediaan kepiting bakau serta untuk mengetahui segala hal yang berkaitan dengan Manajemen Pemeliharaan Induk Kepiting Bakau (Scylla serrata) beserta kendala-kendala yang dihadapi pada kegiatan pemeliharaan induk kepiting bakau. Bidang kerja yang diambil adalah pengamatan dan manajemen pengindukan kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata). Dalam pengamatan tersebut indukan kepiting belum dalam tahap fase kawin dikarenakan pada saat itu memasuki musim hujan yang dimana kepiting cenderung pada fase bertahan hidup. Dikatakan bahwa kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata) memasuki fase kawin pada musim kemarau, sehingga pada waktu PKL dilakukan manajemen pada kolam indukan dan indukan agar tidak mati.","PeriodicalId":38438,"journal":{"name":"Applied and Environmental Soil Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135314546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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