Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.61511/aes.v1i1.2023.42
Rudianto Rimbono, Raldi H. Koestoer
The global commitment to manage climate change issues is getting stronger and stronger. Therefore this review is carried out with the objective to obtain recent progress of efforts on emission control and handling through CCUS by various countries around the world. This review is carried out to highlight the development of carbon capture utilization and/or storage (CCUS) in China, the USA, and India, as these countries are known to be the most energy consumption countries. Its campaign to reduce emissions will contribute significantly to the effort of managing the global warming issue. The method used in this study is a literature review on the policies, studies, and projects mainly in China, and several other countries for comparison. The review found that although China is relatively late in doing such activities on climate change, but the progress is significantly faster than the others. The numbers of studies and patents are much higher than other countries, and the central and local governments issued a number of policies to help encourages the industries. The USA is known as one of the leading countries implementing CCS/CCUS and still creating incentive policies. European, Russian, and Indian countries pay serious attention to this effort and implement it while Indonesia as a non-industrial country is catching up.. From this literature research, it can be concluded that the technology for implementing CCUS is still at a high cost so policy and government funding support is needed as well as non-traditional sources of capital source such as green funding, carbon trading, etc.
{"title":"Briefed on the development and progress of CCUS projects in China, USA, Western Europe, Russia, Norway, India, and Indonesia: a journal review","authors":"Rudianto Rimbono, Raldi H. Koestoer","doi":"10.61511/aes.v1i1.2023.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61511/aes.v1i1.2023.42","url":null,"abstract":"The global commitment to manage climate change issues is getting stronger and stronger. Therefore this review is carried out with the objective to obtain recent progress of efforts on emission control and handling through CCUS by various countries around the world. This review is carried out to highlight the development of carbon capture utilization and/or storage (CCUS) in China, the USA, and India, as these countries are known to be the most energy consumption countries. Its campaign to reduce emissions will contribute significantly to the effort of managing the global warming issue. The method used in this study is a literature review on the policies, studies, and projects mainly in China, and several other countries for comparison. The review found that although China is relatively late in doing such activities on climate change, but the progress is significantly faster than the others. The numbers of studies and patents are much higher than other countries, and the central and local governments issued a number of policies to help encourages the industries. The USA is known as one of the leading countries implementing CCS/CCUS and still creating incentive policies. European, Russian, and Indian countries pay serious attention to this effort and implement it while Indonesia as a non-industrial country is catching up.. From this literature research, it can be concluded that the technology for implementing CCUS is still at a high cost so policy and government funding support is needed as well as non-traditional sources of capital source such as green funding, carbon trading, etc.","PeriodicalId":38438,"journal":{"name":"Applied and Environmental Soil Science","volume":"238 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135314547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.61511/aes.v1i1.2023.141
Dine Nurdian, Hertien Koosbandiah Surtikanti
Desa Buninagara Kecamatan Kutawaringin memiliki potensi lokal dalam bidang industri celana jeans. Salah satu proses pembuatan celana jeans adalah pencucian (washing). Kegiatan washing memerlukan campuran berbagai bahan kimia, diantaranya : sodium hypochloric, deterjen, dan softener yang dapat mencemari lingkungan jika digunakan secara tidak tepat. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menganalisa objek penelitian dengan menjelaskan situasi atau keadaan dengan memaparkan data yang didapat, lalu kemudian dianalisa hingga menghasilkan kesimpulan. Data yang digunakan oleh peneliti menggunakan data sekunder yang berasal dari bahan kajian secara kepustakaan serta menggunakan data primer sebagai bahan kajian permasalahan analisis di lapangan atau data yang diperoleh dari masyarakat untuk menguatkan data sekunder. Dalam penelitian ini responden merasa keberadaan industri jeans tidak berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan dan keadaan sungai di sekitar, karena masyarakat menilai bahwa lingkungan bisa memperbaiki dirinya sendiri melalui proses alaminya, akan tetapi harus diingat bahwa kemampuan sungai untuk membersihkan diri dari bahan pencemar mempunyai batas-batas tertentu bergantung keadaan sungainya. Jika jumlah bahan pencemar di dalam sungai sedikit, maka proses purifikasi akan berjalan dengan baik, sebaliknya jika jumlah bahan pencemar di dalam sungai sangat besar, melebihi kemampuan sungai untuk melakukan purifikasi, maka proses purifikasi tidak dapat berjalan dengan baik, sehingga pencemaran air akan terjadi.
{"title":"Pengaruh washing jeans terhadap lingkungan sekitar","authors":"Dine Nurdian, Hertien Koosbandiah Surtikanti","doi":"10.61511/aes.v1i1.2023.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61511/aes.v1i1.2023.141","url":null,"abstract":"Desa Buninagara Kecamatan Kutawaringin memiliki potensi lokal dalam bidang industri celana jeans. Salah satu proses pembuatan celana jeans adalah pencucian (washing). Kegiatan washing memerlukan campuran berbagai bahan kimia, diantaranya : sodium hypochloric, deterjen, dan softener yang dapat mencemari lingkungan jika digunakan secara tidak tepat. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menganalisa objek penelitian dengan menjelaskan situasi atau keadaan dengan memaparkan data yang didapat, lalu kemudian dianalisa hingga menghasilkan kesimpulan. Data yang digunakan oleh peneliti menggunakan data sekunder yang berasal dari bahan kajian secara kepustakaan serta menggunakan data primer sebagai bahan kajian permasalahan analisis di lapangan atau data yang diperoleh dari masyarakat untuk menguatkan data sekunder. Dalam penelitian ini responden merasa keberadaan industri jeans tidak berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan dan keadaan sungai di sekitar, karena masyarakat menilai bahwa lingkungan bisa memperbaiki dirinya sendiri melalui proses alaminya, akan tetapi harus diingat bahwa kemampuan sungai untuk membersihkan diri dari bahan pencemar mempunyai batas-batas tertentu bergantung keadaan sungainya. Jika jumlah bahan pencemar di dalam sungai sedikit, maka proses purifikasi akan berjalan dengan baik, sebaliknya jika jumlah bahan pencemar di dalam sungai sangat besar, melebihi kemampuan sungai untuk melakukan purifikasi, maka proses purifikasi tidak dapat berjalan dengan baik, sehingga pencemaran air akan terjadi.","PeriodicalId":38438,"journal":{"name":"Applied and Environmental Soil Science","volume":"238 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135314188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alemu Gashe Desta, S. Ayele, Workinesh Tiruneh, B. Alemu, M. Addis
Next to crop production, rearing livestock in Ethiopia is essential for the community’s food and nutrition security. However, a major obstacle to global livestock production, particularly in Ethiopia, is a shortage of high-quality and sufficient livestock feed. Designing development plans and intervention options for both improving natural pasture and rearing livestock would require an evaluation of the natural pasture yield and nutritional composition. As a result, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutrient content and dry matter yield of natural pasture in the study areas. The study area was divided into highland, midland, and lowland agroecologies, and from each agroecology, protected and communal grazing areas were selected randomly. The results showed that the average dry matter yield, crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of natural pasture varied across agroecologies and between grazing sites. The average dry matter yields of natural pasture in highland, midland, and lowland agroecologies were about 1.60, 3.02, and 1.96 t/ha, respectively. The average dry matter yield in protected and communal grazing areas of natural pasture was about 2.70 and 1.69 t/ha, respectively. The crude protein content of the natural pasture was 7.12, 7.63, and 6.90% in the highlands, midlands, and lowlands, respectively. The crude protein content of the natural pasture in protected and communal grazing areas was 6.69 and 7.73%, respectively. In general, the dry matter yield and crude protein contents of natural pasture were low, which would have an effect on livestock productivity, and the overall NDF content of natural pasture was 65.9%, which is classified as low-quality feed and thus would have an impact on feed intake, digestibility, and livestock productivity.
{"title":"Dry Matter Yield and Nutritional Composition of Natural Pasture in East Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region","authors":"Alemu Gashe Desta, S. Ayele, Workinesh Tiruneh, B. Alemu, M. Addis","doi":"10.1155/2023/1276013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1276013","url":null,"abstract":"Next to crop production, rearing livestock in Ethiopia is essential for the community’s food and nutrition security. However, a major obstacle to global livestock production, particularly in Ethiopia, is a shortage of high-quality and sufficient livestock feed. Designing development plans and intervention options for both improving natural pasture and rearing livestock would require an evaluation of the natural pasture yield and nutritional composition. As a result, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutrient content and dry matter yield of natural pasture in the study areas. The study area was divided into highland, midland, and lowland agroecologies, and from each agroecology, protected and communal grazing areas were selected randomly. The results showed that the average dry matter yield, crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of natural pasture varied across agroecologies and between grazing sites. The average dry matter yields of natural pasture in highland, midland, and lowland agroecologies were about 1.60, 3.02, and 1.96 t/ha, respectively. The average dry matter yield in protected and communal grazing areas of natural pasture was about 2.70 and 1.69 t/ha, respectively. The crude protein content of the natural pasture was 7.12, 7.63, and 6.90% in the highlands, midlands, and lowlands, respectively. The crude protein content of the natural pasture in protected and communal grazing areas was 6.69 and 7.73%, respectively. In general, the dry matter yield and crude protein contents of natural pasture were low, which would have an effect on livestock productivity, and the overall NDF content of natural pasture was 65.9%, which is classified as low-quality feed and thus would have an impact on feed intake, digestibility, and livestock productivity.","PeriodicalId":38438,"journal":{"name":"Applied and Environmental Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49108326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a crucial carbon reservoir that needs to be monitored for deforestation and forest degradation. The top one-meter layer of soil contains around 1500–1600 Pg of carbon. Assessing the SOC pool is essential for understanding the soil system’s carbon sequestration potential (CSP) as a mitigation strategy and determining whether it acts as a source or sink for atmospheric CO2, depending on the level of saturation. However, there are limited studies on SOC in Nepal’s forests. This research aims to assess SOC variation in the Shuklaphanta National Park in Nepal. It focuses on determining SOC according to depth and analyzing the variation of SOC among the core area of the national park, grasslands, and buffer zone community forests (CFs) and identifying the factors that contribute to the variation in soil carbon across different land uses. The study was conducted using a systematic sampling method with a sampling intensity of 6.59% on 180 soil samples taken from permanent plots set up by the Forest Resource Assessment (FRA) Nepal. The analysis was based on SOC estimated up to the depth of 0–10, 11–20, and 21–30 cm using a modified Walkley–Black wet oxidation method. The study also analyzed contributing factors affecting soil carbon such as vegetation, forest fire, rate of forest resource use, and different soil properties like pH and bulk density. The study found that the mean SOC% up to the depths of 0–10 cm, 11–20 cm, and 21–30 cm was 2.08, 0.98, and 0.68, respectively, in forest areas. Mean SOC% in grasslands was found to be 1.7, 1.68, and 1.87 in 0–10, 11–20, and 21–30 cm, respectively, and in community forests, it was found to be 1.3, 0.98, and 0.58 in 0–10, 11–20, and 21–30 cm, respectively. Similarly, the vertical mean SOC in tC⋅ha−1 (0–30 cm) was found to be 41.75 tC·ha−1 in the core area of the national park, 46.64 tC·ha−1 in grassland, and 37.50 tC·ha−1 in CFs. The study also found that there was variation in SOC with depth and that most of the SOC was concentrated in the topsoil in the core area of the national park and buffer zone community forests. Deep layers of SOC were found in grasslands, core area of the national park, and CF in decreasing order. The study implies that the national park has enormous potential to recapture atmospheric CO2 into the soil. Participating in the sustainable management of the national park can enhance the soil quality and help meet strategies to mitigate climate change. Factors such as vegetation cover, fire, bulk density, and vegetation type were found to be promising for SOC concentration.
{"title":"Examining the Fluctuation of Soil Organic Carbon Levels: An Analysis of the Shuklaphanta National Park in Nepal","authors":"Rajeev Joshi, Mamta Bhatta","doi":"10.1155/2023/1814253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1814253","url":null,"abstract":"Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a crucial carbon reservoir that needs to be monitored for deforestation and forest degradation. The top one-meter layer of soil contains around 1500–1600 Pg of carbon. Assessing the SOC pool is essential for understanding the soil system’s carbon sequestration potential (CSP) as a mitigation strategy and determining whether it acts as a source or sink for atmospheric CO2, depending on the level of saturation. However, there are limited studies on SOC in Nepal’s forests. This research aims to assess SOC variation in the Shuklaphanta National Park in Nepal. It focuses on determining SOC according to depth and analyzing the variation of SOC among the core area of the national park, grasslands, and buffer zone community forests (CFs) and identifying the factors that contribute to the variation in soil carbon across different land uses. The study was conducted using a systematic sampling method with a sampling intensity of 6.59% on 180 soil samples taken from permanent plots set up by the Forest Resource Assessment (FRA) Nepal. The analysis was based on SOC estimated up to the depth of 0–10, 11–20, and 21–30 cm using a modified Walkley–Black wet oxidation method. The study also analyzed contributing factors affecting soil carbon such as vegetation, forest fire, rate of forest resource use, and different soil properties like pH and bulk density. The study found that the mean SOC% up to the depths of 0–10 cm, 11–20 cm, and 21–30 cm was 2.08, 0.98, and 0.68, respectively, in forest areas. Mean SOC% in grasslands was found to be 1.7, 1.68, and 1.87 in 0–10, 11–20, and 21–30 cm, respectively, and in community forests, it was found to be 1.3, 0.98, and 0.58 in 0–10, 11–20, and 21–30 cm, respectively. Similarly, the vertical mean SOC in tC⋅ha−1 (0–30 cm) was found to be 41.75 tC·ha−1 in the core area of the national park, 46.64 tC·ha−1 in grassland, and 37.50 tC·ha−1 in CFs. The study also found that there was variation in SOC with depth and that most of the SOC was concentrated in the topsoil in the core area of the national park and buffer zone community forests. Deep layers of SOC were found in grasslands, core area of the national park, and CF in decreasing order. The study implies that the national park has enormous potential to recapture atmospheric CO2 into the soil. Participating in the sustainable management of the national park can enhance the soil quality and help meet strategies to mitigate climate change. Factors such as vegetation cover, fire, bulk density, and vegetation type were found to be promising for SOC concentration.","PeriodicalId":38438,"journal":{"name":"Applied and Environmental Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45976021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A process called bioremediation can be used to turn abandoned mining sites into useful agricultural land. An alternative to enhancing the quality of the ex-siltstone mining soil so that it can be used again as agricultural land is the application of biocompost fertilizer. This study intends to investigate how biocompost might enhance the ex-siltstone mining soil’s quality in incubation treatments. The composition of biocompost used in this study is ingredient I: (a) cow manure = 50%; (b) chicken manure = 30%; (c) sand = 10%; (d) bacteria (bioactivator) = 10%; ingredient II: ingredient I is mixed with cow manure in a composition ratio of 1 : 2. The ex-mining soils were gathered in the ex-cement mining region of Lhoknga Subdistrict, Aceh Besar District (5.45°N, 95.2°E). Incubation experiments were conducted in incubation pots (approximately 5 kg per pot) that were randomly placed in a greenhouse using a 4 × 4 factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The first factor is the ratio of ex-siltstone mining soil : biocompost, which consists of four levels of comparison: control (ex-mining soil not incubated), 1 : 1 (50 : 50), 1 : 2 (33 : 67), and 1 : 3 (25 : 75). The second factor is the incubation period, which has four levels: 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks with 48 experimental units. Indicators of the impact of biocompost on the physical and chemical quality of ex-siltstone mining soil were examined. The result shows that bioremediation of ex-siltstone mining soil with biocompost application improves the quality of ex-siltstone mining soil by decreasing bulk density and permeability and also increasing porosity, decreasing soil pH from alkaline to neutral, and increasing soil organic C, total N, available P, and total K. The incubation period of ex-siltstone mining soil influences the changes and dynamics of the soil’s chemical properties.
{"title":"Bioremediation of Ex-Mining Soil with the Biocompost in the Incubation Experiments","authors":"E. Rosa, S. Sufardi, S. Syafruddin, M. Rusdi","doi":"10.1155/2023/4129909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4129909","url":null,"abstract":"A process called bioremediation can be used to turn abandoned mining sites into useful agricultural land. An alternative to enhancing the quality of the ex-siltstone mining soil so that it can be used again as agricultural land is the application of biocompost fertilizer. This study intends to investigate how biocompost might enhance the ex-siltstone mining soil’s quality in incubation treatments. The composition of biocompost used in this study is ingredient I: (a) cow manure = 50%; (b) chicken manure = 30%; (c) sand = 10%; (d) bacteria (bioactivator) = 10%; ingredient II: ingredient I is mixed with cow manure in a composition ratio of 1 : 2. The ex-mining soils were gathered in the ex-cement mining region of Lhoknga Subdistrict, Aceh Besar District (5.45°N, 95.2°E). Incubation experiments were conducted in incubation pots (approximately 5 kg per pot) that were randomly placed in a greenhouse using a 4 × 4 factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The first factor is the ratio of ex-siltstone mining soil : biocompost, which consists of four levels of comparison: control (ex-mining soil not incubated), 1 : 1 (50 : 50), 1 : 2 (33 : 67), and 1 : 3 (25 : 75). The second factor is the incubation period, which has four levels: 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks with 48 experimental units. Indicators of the impact of biocompost on the physical and chemical quality of ex-siltstone mining soil were examined. The result shows that bioremediation of ex-siltstone mining soil with biocompost application improves the quality of ex-siltstone mining soil by decreasing bulk density and permeability and also increasing porosity, decreasing soil pH from alkaline to neutral, and increasing soil organic C, total N, available P, and total K. The incubation period of ex-siltstone mining soil influences the changes and dynamics of the soil’s chemical properties.","PeriodicalId":38438,"journal":{"name":"Applied and Environmental Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43914227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hailemariam, Z. Woldu, Zemede Asfaw Z. Asfaw, E. Lulekal
<jats:p>The assessment of the distribution of soil physicochemical properties provides basic information for our understanding of the soils to grow crops and sustain forests and grasslands. The changes in soil physicochemical properties along elevational gradients were studied in a less accessible Sida Forest, southern Ethiopia. Hence, the present study was conducted to assess the distribution of soil physicochemical properties along the elevational gradients and to evaluate the fertility status of the soil. Data on soil physicochemical properties were collected from five points (four from each corner and one from the center) of the main plot. A pit of 20 cm × 20 cm was dug at a depth of 0–30 cm and a kilogram of composite soil samples was brought to the Wolkite Soil Testing Laboratory for physicochemical analysis. The results revealed that the physicochemical properties of the collected soil samples show a significant correlation with elevation changes. Sand had a significantly negative correlation and variation with elevation; it decreases as elevation increases with the rate of correlation (r = −0.44<jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"> <msup> <mrow /> <mrow> <mi>∗</mi> <mi>∗</mi> </mrow> </msup> </math> </jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"> <mi>P</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>0.001</mn> </math> </jats:inline-formula>). However, silt had a nonsignificantly positive (r = 0.20, <jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"> <mi>P</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.079</mn> </math> </jats:inline-formula>) correlation to the elevation, while clay had a significantly positive correlation to elevation, and it increases as elevation increases with the rate of correlation coefficient (r = 0.40<jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"> <msup> <mrow /> <mrow> <mi>∗</mi> <mi>∗</mi> </mrow> </msup> </math> </jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"> <mi>P</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>0.001</mn>
土壤理化性质分布的评价，为认识土壤对作物生长和维持森林草原的作用提供了基础信息。研究了埃塞俄比亚南部西达森林土壤理化性质沿海拔梯度的变化。因此，本研究旨在评估土壤理化性质沿海拔梯度的分布，并评价土壤的肥力状况。在主地块的5个点(每个角4个点，中心1个点)采集土壤理化性质数据。挖一个20 cm × 20 cm的坑，深度0 ~ 30 cm，将1公斤复合土样送到Wolkite土壤测试实验室进行理化分析。结果表明，采收土壤样品的理化性质与海拔变化有显著的相关性。沙粒与海拔高度呈显著负相关;随海拔升高而降低(r = - 0.44 * *， P≤0.001)。粉土与海拔高度呈不显著正相关(r = 0.20, P 0.079)，而粘土与海拔高度呈显著正相关。随海拔升高而增加，相关系数率为(r = 0.40∗∗，P≤0.001)。土壤OC、OM、TN、CEC和交换态Mg2+与海拔高度呈显著正相关;随海拔升高而增加，相关系数(r = 0.42∗∗，P≤0.001);(r = 0.41∗，P≤0.001);(r = 0.44∗，P≤0.001);(r = 0.34∗，P = 0.002);和(r = 0.27 *， P 0.014)。BD、pH、EC、Av. P、交换性Ca2+和交换性K+与海拔高度呈不显著负相关，但随着海拔高度的升高而降低(r = - 0.70∗∗;P 0。 134)， (r = - 0.20, P 0.075)， (r = - 0.05, P 0.683)， (r = - 0.04，P 0.701)， (r = - 0.04, P 0.693)， (r = - 0.053, P 0.693)。本研究试图提供海拔对土壤理化性质影响的信息。因此，土壤的物理化学性质随海拔的变化而变化。
{"title":"Impact of Elevation Change on the Physicochemical Properties of Forest Soil in South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"M. Hailemariam, Z. Woldu, Zemede Asfaw Z. Asfaw, E. Lulekal","doi":"10.1155/2023/7305618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7305618","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>The assessment of the distribution of soil physicochemical properties provides basic information for our understanding of the soils to grow crops and sustain forests and grasslands. The changes in soil physicochemical properties along elevational gradients were studied in a less accessible Sida Forest, southern Ethiopia. Hence, the present study was conducted to assess the distribution of soil physicochemical properties along the elevational gradients and to evaluate the fertility status of the soil. Data on soil physicochemical properties were collected from five points (four from each corner and one from the center) of the main plot. A pit of 20 cm × 20 cm was dug at a depth of 0–30 cm and a kilogram of composite soil samples was brought to the Wolkite Soil Testing Laboratory for physicochemical analysis. The results revealed that the physicochemical properties of the collected soil samples show a significant correlation with elevation changes. Sand had a significantly negative correlation and variation with elevation; it decreases as elevation increases with the rate of correlation (r = −0.44<jats:inline-formula>\u0000 <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mrow />\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>∗</mi>\u0000 <mi>∗</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </math>\u0000 </jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula>\u0000 <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\u0000 <mi>P</mi>\u0000 <mo>≤</mo>\u0000 <mn>0.001</mn>\u0000 </math>\u0000 </jats:inline-formula>). However, silt had a nonsignificantly positive (r = 0.20, <jats:inline-formula>\u0000 <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\u0000 <mi>P</mi>\u0000 <mo><</mo>\u0000 <mn>0.079</mn>\u0000 </math>\u0000 </jats:inline-formula>) correlation to the elevation, while clay had a significantly positive correlation to elevation, and it increases as elevation increases with the rate of correlation coefficient (r = 0.40<jats:inline-formula>\u0000 <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mrow />\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>∗</mi>\u0000 <mi>∗</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </math>\u0000 </jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula>\u0000 <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\u0000 <mi>P</mi>\u0000 <mo>≤</mo>\u0000 <mn>0.001</mn>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":38438,"journal":{"name":"Applied and Environmental Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42169509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The level of sediment deposited in the Lake Ziway is increasing through time as a result of soil erosion, and eventually the depth of the lake has decreased. Therefore, the objective of the study was to assess farmers’ perception of soil erosion and the conservation measures to the surrounding areas of Lake Ziway in the central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. The survey was made using purposive sampling techniques. The survey has considered the 14 Kebeles from the 3 districts adjacent to the lake. From each Kebele, 10 respondents were selected randomly. Totally, 140 respondents were selected from the community. The descriptive statistic was used to compare the dependent variables. The majority of respondents (92.2%) have observed the presence of soil erosion in the study area. The hillsides and slope areas are the major sources of soil erosion, according to 80% of the respondents. The respondents that have identified the most and least susceptible soils to erosion by their textural classes are sand soil (Biyyo Chirecha) (57.1%) and soft clay soil (Biyyo Bole) (1.4%), respectively. The soil erosion is increasing in their cultivated land and surrounding areas. The study has found that most of the respondents (86.5%) are participating in soil and water conservation activities. Leucaena leucocephala, Faidherbia albida, Azadirachta indica, and Schinus molle are the dominant tree species planted in the study area for soil and water conservation purposes. In conclusion, there is heavy soil loss due to erosion on cultivated land from the upland which directly deposited to Lake Ziway as sediment which decreases the lake depth. The study recommends that appropriate soil and water conservation measures and land management should be implemented on erosion prone areas in the Lake Ziway watershed with full participation of all stakeholders including the local farmers.
{"title":"The Perception of Farmers on Soil Erosion and Conservation Measures in the Surrounding Areas of Lake Ziway, Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia","authors":"Daniel Jaleta Negasa","doi":"10.1155/2023/6288288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6288288","url":null,"abstract":"The level of sediment deposited in the Lake Ziway is increasing through time as a result of soil erosion, and eventually the depth of the lake has decreased. Therefore, the objective of the study was to assess farmers’ perception of soil erosion and the conservation measures to the surrounding areas of Lake Ziway in the central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. The survey was made using purposive sampling techniques. The survey has considered the 14 Kebeles from the 3 districts adjacent to the lake. From each Kebele, 10 respondents were selected randomly. Totally, 140 respondents were selected from the community. The descriptive statistic was used to compare the dependent variables. The majority of respondents (92.2%) have observed the presence of soil erosion in the study area. The hillsides and slope areas are the major sources of soil erosion, according to 80% of the respondents. The respondents that have identified the most and least susceptible soils to erosion by their textural classes are sand soil (Biyyo Chirecha) (57.1%) and soft clay soil (Biyyo Bole) (1.4%), respectively. The soil erosion is increasing in their cultivated land and surrounding areas. The study has found that most of the respondents (86.5%) are participating in soil and water conservation activities. Leucaena leucocephala, Faidherbia albida, Azadirachta indica, and Schinus molle are the dominant tree species planted in the study area for soil and water conservation purposes. In conclusion, there is heavy soil loss due to erosion on cultivated land from the upland which directly deposited to Lake Ziway as sediment which decreases the lake depth. The study recommends that appropriate soil and water conservation measures and land management should be implemented on erosion prone areas in the Lake Ziway watershed with full participation of all stakeholders including the local farmers.","PeriodicalId":38438,"journal":{"name":"Applied and Environmental Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48279644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are various challenges that limit crop productivity in developing countries like Ethiopia. Lack of accessible plant nutrients in proper quantity as well as form to plants is an important determinant of reducing agricultural productivity. In this regard, a trial was conducted at Shela Borkoshe on the land owned by the farmer in Sodo Zuriya District, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia over the planting seasons of 2019 to 2020 with the aim of identifying the appropriate rates of blended nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, boron (NPSB), and potassium (K) fertilizer in maize production. The treatments, which were assessed using a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications, comprised of four rates of blended NPSB (0, 50, 100, and 150 kilograms/hectare) and four rates of K (0, 30, 60, and 90 kilograms/hectare K2O). Agronomic traits leaf area, LAI, ear length, seeds per row, seeds per ear, TSW, biomass as well as grain produce have been significantly varied due to NPSB by K fertilizer rates interactions. The highest leaf area (9886.20 ± 343.95 cm2), LAI (7.78 ± 0.26), ear length (32.58 ± 1.46 cm), TSW (160.67 ± 4.85 g), biomass (14941 ± 200.92 kilograms/ha), and grain output (7544 ± 119.49 kilograms/ha) have been attained by combining 150 kilograms/ha NPSB and 90 kilograms/ha K fertilizer rate. Following this, maximum quantity of seeds per row (44.88 ± 1.67) and seeds per ear (705.87 ± 25.61) have been attained from combination of 150 kilograms/ha NPSB and 60 kilograms/ha K fertilizer rates. Economic analysis revealed that maximum net profit (1491 Dollar/ha) and marginal rate of return (MRR) 1196.67% have been achieved from combining 150 kilograms/ha NPSB and 60 kilograms/ha K fertilizer rates. This investigation revealed that the combination of the NPSB fertilizer level of 150 kilograms/ha and 60 kilograms/ha K fertilizer showed superior performance with higher grain yield and economic return over other treatments. Therefore, a combined application of 150 kilograms/ha NPSB with 60 kilograms/ha K fertilizer rates could be recommended for maize production in the study area and similar agro-ecologies.
在埃塞俄比亚等发展中国家，有各种各样的挑战限制了作物产量。植物缺乏适当数量和形式的可获得植物养分是降低农业生产力的一个重要决定因素。在这方面，在2019年至2020年的种植季节，在埃塞俄比亚南部Wolaita区Sodo Zuriya区的Shela Borkoshe农民拥有的土地上进行了一项试验，目的是确定玉米生产中氮、磷、硫、硼(NPSB)和钾(K)混合肥料的适当比例。采用3个重复的因子随机完全区组设计，包括4种混合NPSB处理(0、50、100和150公斤/公顷)和4种钾处理(0、30、60和90公斤/公顷K2O)。叶片面积、叶面积、叶面积、穗长、每行种子数、每穗种子数、总重、生物量和籽粒产量等农艺性状均因氮肥用量的交互作用而发生显著变化。150 kg /ha氮肥和90 kg /ha钾肥配施下，叶面积(9886.20±343.95 cm2)、叶面积(7.78±0.26)、穗长(32.58±1.46 cm)、总重(160.67±4.85 g)、生物量(14941±200.92 kg /ha)和籽粒产量(7544±119.49 kg /ha)最高。在此基础上，150 kg / hm2氮肥和60 kg / hm2钾肥组合可获得最大的行粒数(44.88±1.67)和穗粒数(705.87±25.61)。经济分析表明，施用150公斤/公顷氮肥和60公斤/公顷钾肥可实现最大净利润(1491美元/公顷)和边际收益率(MRR) 1196.67%。结果表明，氮磷肥150 kg / hm2与钾肥60 kg / hm2配施效果较好，具有较高的籽粒产量和经济效益。因此，在研究区和类似的农业生态条件下，建议在玉米生产中施用150公斤/公顷氮磷肥和60公斤/公顷钾肥。
{"title":"Effect of Blended Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Boron, and Potassium Fertilizer Rates on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) at Sodo Zuriya District, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"G. Loha, Melese Derese, Gidago Gifole","doi":"10.1155/2023/4008326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4008326","url":null,"abstract":"There are various challenges that limit crop productivity in developing countries like Ethiopia. Lack of accessible plant nutrients in proper quantity as well as form to plants is an important determinant of reducing agricultural productivity. In this regard, a trial was conducted at Shela Borkoshe on the land owned by the farmer in Sodo Zuriya District, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia over the planting seasons of 2019 to 2020 with the aim of identifying the appropriate rates of blended nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, boron (NPSB), and potassium (K) fertilizer in maize production. The treatments, which were assessed using a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications, comprised of four rates of blended NPSB (0, 50, 100, and 150 kilograms/hectare) and four rates of K (0, 30, 60, and 90 kilograms/hectare K2O). Agronomic traits leaf area, LAI, ear length, seeds per row, seeds per ear, TSW, biomass as well as grain produce have been significantly varied due to NPSB by K fertilizer rates interactions. The highest leaf area (9886.20 ± 343.95 cm2), LAI (7.78 ± 0.26), ear length (32.58 ± 1.46 cm), TSW (160.67 ± 4.85 g), biomass (14941 ± 200.92 kilograms/ha), and grain output (7544 ± 119.49 kilograms/ha) have been attained by combining 150 kilograms/ha NPSB and 90 kilograms/ha K fertilizer rate. Following this, maximum quantity of seeds per row (44.88 ± 1.67) and seeds per ear (705.87 ± 25.61) have been attained from combination of 150 kilograms/ha NPSB and 60 kilograms/ha K fertilizer rates. Economic analysis revealed that maximum net profit (1491 Dollar/ha) and marginal rate of return (MRR) 1196.67% have been achieved from combining 150 kilograms/ha NPSB and 60 kilograms/ha K fertilizer rates. This investigation revealed that the combination of the NPSB fertilizer level of 150 kilograms/ha and 60 kilograms/ha K fertilizer showed superior performance with higher grain yield and economic return over other treatments. Therefore, a combined application of 150 kilograms/ha NPSB with 60 kilograms/ha K fertilizer rates could be recommended for maize production in the study area and similar agro-ecologies.","PeriodicalId":38438,"journal":{"name":"Applied and Environmental Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43100052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Seifu, E. Elias, G. Gebresamuel, G. Feyisa, W. Tefera
The characterization of soil landscapes is becoming increasingly important for making decisions regarding site-specific agriculture systems and soil management. This study was initiated for the purpose of identifying landscape-scale spatial soil variation using a toposequence model so that site-specific fertilization could be achieved. According to the finding, the soils were shallow to very deep in depth, moderately acidic to moderately alkaline in soil reaction, nonsaline in salinity, and clay to sandy loam in texture. The soils were found very low to low levels in most soil nutrients, very low to very high levels of base saturation, and deficient in zinc but have adequate levels of iron, copper, and manganese. The soil exchange complex was mainly dominated by Ca and Mg where the order of occurrence was Ca > mg > K > Na. The CEC values were in high to very high range. Following the field survey and soil analytical results, five main reference soil groups of the World Soil Resource Base—Leptosols (56%), Luvisols (8.5%), Fluvisols (14.4%), Vertisols (13%), and Cambisol (8.2%)—were identified and mapped. Leptosols cover the largest landmass of the watershed and mostly found at the summit and hill back slopes. On the other hand, Luvisols, Fluvisols, Vertisols, and Cambisols were found on the middle and foot slopes. According to the findings, the variation in soil source indicating that topography is the primary pedogenic element in the formation of the soil in the watershed that was under research. Therefore, having local-scale-specific soil information can assist the site-specific application of soil nutrients and amendments based on spatial variability which is tailored to the soil requirements.
土壤景观的特征对于特定地点的农业系统和土壤管理的决策越来越重要。这项研究是为了使用地形序列模型识别景观尺度的空间土壤变化，从而实现特定地点的施肥。根据这一发现，这些土壤的深度从浅到深，土壤反应为中等酸性到中等碱性，盐度为无盐，质地为粘土到砂质壤土。这些土壤的大多数土壤养分含量都很低到很低，基本饱和度很低到非常高，锌含量不足，但铁、铜和锰含量充足。土壤交换复合体主要以Ca和Mg为主，其发生顺序为Ca > 毫克 > K > Na。CEC值在高到非常高的范围内。根据实地调查和土壤分析结果，确定并绘制了世界土壤资源基地的五个主要参考土壤组——细腐土（56%）、土腐土（8.5%）、流腐土（14.4%）、垂直土（13%）和寒土（8.2%）。细颗粒土覆盖了分水岭最大的陆地，主要分布在山顶和山坡上。另一方面，在中部和坡脚发现了Luvisol、Fluvisol、Vertisol和Camisol。根据研究结果，土壤来源的变化表明，地形是正在研究的流域土壤形成的主要土壤成因因素。因此，拥有当地规模的特定土壤信息可以帮助根据土壤要求定制的空间变异性，在特定地点应用土壤养分和改良剂。
{"title":"Characterization and Mapping of Soil-Landscape for Site-Specific Soil Management in Ayiba Watershed, Northern Highlands of Ethiopia","authors":"W. Seifu, E. Elias, G. Gebresamuel, G. Feyisa, W. Tefera","doi":"10.1155/2023/8899956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8899956","url":null,"abstract":"The characterization of soil landscapes is becoming increasingly important for making decisions regarding site-specific agriculture systems and soil management. This study was initiated for the purpose of identifying landscape-scale spatial soil variation using a toposequence model so that site-specific fertilization could be achieved. According to the finding, the soils were shallow to very deep in depth, moderately acidic to moderately alkaline in soil reaction, nonsaline in salinity, and clay to sandy loam in texture. The soils were found very low to low levels in most soil nutrients, very low to very high levels of base saturation, and deficient in zinc but have adequate levels of iron, copper, and manganese. The soil exchange complex was mainly dominated by Ca and Mg where the order of occurrence was Ca > mg > K > Na. The CEC values were in high to very high range. Following the field survey and soil analytical results, five main reference soil groups of the World Soil Resource Base—Leptosols (56%), Luvisols (8.5%), Fluvisols (14.4%), Vertisols (13%), and Cambisol (8.2%)—were identified and mapped. Leptosols cover the largest landmass of the watershed and mostly found at the summit and hill back slopes. On the other hand, Luvisols, Fluvisols, Vertisols, and Cambisols were found on the middle and foot slopes. According to the findings, the variation in soil source indicating that topography is the primary pedogenic element in the formation of the soil in the watershed that was under research. Therefore, having local-scale-specific soil information can assist the site-specific application of soil nutrients and amendments based on spatial variability which is tailored to the soil requirements.","PeriodicalId":38438,"journal":{"name":"Applied and Environmental Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44713867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The geochemical signature in alluvial soils is a witness of human activities that took place in a river catchment. Sampling of alluvial soils at depth, in combination with information on sedimentological history and age of samples, may even allow to reconstruct the pollution history of the river basin. In the present study, data on alluvial soils contaminated by a major pollution source were analyzed, with special attention for these soils as an archive for information on the pollution history of a river/river catchment, and on the postdepositional downward migration of metal(loid)s in the alluvial soils. Besides the lateral variation of soil properties and metal(loid) concentrations in the alluvial soils, the vertical distribution of metal(loid)s in soil profiles, as well as the evolution of soil composition in relation to the distance from the river, was addressed. The postdepositional mobilization of Cd was evaluated in a fine-scale sampled alluvial soil core, by comparing data from 137Cs dating with data about the Cd emissions through time and by using leaching tests to calculate the downward migration of Cd. A substantial amount of Cd could leach from superficial to deeper soil layers. Therefore, the low-resolution (cm-scale) sampling of the alluvial soil was not reliable to reconstruct the pollution history of the river catchment, because the elevated chloride-concentrations in the river water increased the downward leaching of Cd through the formation of chloro-complexes. Moreover, the variability in flooding and sedimentation regimes along the river resulted in a heterogeneous composition of the alluvial soils, allowing very large differences in metal(loid) concentrations in places only a few meters apart.
{"title":"Downstream Distribution and Postdepositional Mobilization of Cadmium in Alluvial Soils","authors":"Valerie Cappuyns","doi":"10.1155/2023/9915654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9915654","url":null,"abstract":"The geochemical signature in alluvial soils is a witness of human activities that took place in a river catchment. Sampling of alluvial soils at depth, in combination with information on sedimentological history and age of samples, may even allow to reconstruct the pollution history of the river basin. In the present study, data on alluvial soils contaminated by a major pollution source were analyzed, with special attention for these soils as an archive for information on the pollution history of a river/river catchment, and on the postdepositional downward migration of metal(loid)s in the alluvial soils. Besides the lateral variation of soil properties and metal(loid) concentrations in the alluvial soils, the vertical distribution of metal(loid)s in soil profiles, as well as the evolution of soil composition in relation to the distance from the river, was addressed. The postdepositional mobilization of Cd was evaluated in a fine-scale sampled alluvial soil core, by comparing data from 137Cs dating with data about the Cd emissions through time and by using leaching tests to calculate the downward migration of Cd. A substantial amount of Cd could leach from superficial to deeper soil layers. Therefore, the low-resolution (cm-scale) sampling of the alluvial soil was not reliable to reconstruct the pollution history of the river catchment, because the elevated chloride-concentrations in the river water increased the downward leaching of Cd through the formation of chloro-complexes. Moreover, the variability in flooding and sedimentation regimes along the river resulted in a heterogeneous composition of the alluvial soils, allowing very large differences in metal(loid) concentrations in places only a few meters apart.","PeriodicalId":38438,"journal":{"name":"Applied and Environmental Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47292228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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