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TIME SYNCHRONIZATION MECHANISMS FOR SPACEFIBRE NETWORKS AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATIONS 空间光纤网络的时间同步机制及其实现
IF 0.7 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijertcs.302109
Most onboard embedded systems have real-time requirements. The SpaceFibre standard is developed for onboard local networks. However, the current version of the SpaceFibre standard does not specify any time synchronization mechanisms. The authors consider the mechanisms of time synchronization that are used in the data transmission standards, which are currently used for networks with real-time requirements. In the paper, the authors proposed possible time synchronization mechanisms for the SpaceFibre network, evaluate their characteristics. The authors proposed dynamically reconfigurable Local time controller for implementation of these mechanisms with ASIC.
大多数机载嵌入式系统都有实时要求。spacefiber标准是为机载本地网络开发的。然而,当前版本的SpaceFibre标准没有指定任何时间同步机制。作者考虑了数据传输标准中使用的时间同步机制,这些机制目前用于具有实时性要求的网络。本文提出了空间光纤网络可能的时间同步机制,并对其特性进行了评价。为了实现这些机制,作者提出了动态可重构的本地时间控制器。
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引用次数: 0
An architecture of the semantic meta mining assistant for adaptive domain-oriented data processing 面向自适应领域数据处理的语义元挖掘助手体系结构
IF 0.7 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijertcs.302111
Data mining is applied in various domains for extracting knowledge from domain data. The efficiency of DM algorithms usage in practice depends on the context including data characteristics, task requirements, and available resources. Semantic meta mining is the technique of building DM workflows through algorithm/model selection using a description framework that clarifies the complex relationships between tasks, data, and algorithms at different stages in the DM process. In this article, an architecture of semantic meta mining assistant for domain-oriented data processing is proposed. A case study applied proposed architecture on time series classification tasks is discussed.
数据挖掘应用于各个领域,从领域数据中提取知识。DM算法在实践中的使用效率取决于上下文,包括数据特征、任务要求和可用资源。语义元挖掘是一种通过算法/模型选择构建DM工作流的技术,它使用一个描述框架来澄清DM过程中不同阶段的任务、数据和算法之间的复杂关系。本文提出了一种面向领域数据处理的语义元挖掘助手体系结构。最后讨论了将该体系结构应用于时间序列分类任务的实例研究。
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引用次数: 0
An Improved Unified AES Implementation using FPGA 基于FPGA的改进AES统一实现
IF 0.7 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijertcs.302110
Encryption is an essential process in electronic data transmission because it securely protects the data from unauthorized access. In this digital era, information and its security are of great concern with technology advancements. As we have entered into 5G technology that targets end-to-end security and speed to communicate with intelligent devices. These devices and systems need an AES module having both the operation as encryption and decryption in a single module to communicate in duplex mode to access the information in a real-time environment. This article has architecture of a unified module with modified round operation and has been implemented on Virtex-7 FPGA platform. Mix column adds vertical alteration in the algorithm and this design has managed the utilization of Mix column block to make an optimized AES algorithm. The unified AES has achieved a maximum frequency of 290.3MHz and resource utilization of 9416 slice LUTs design, including some modification in traditional AES, resulting in less resource utilization and high throughput.
加密是电子数据传输的一个重要过程,因为它可以安全地保护数据免受未经授权的访问。在数字时代,随着技术的进步,信息及其安全成为人们关注的焦点。因为我们已经进入了5G技术,目标是端到端安全性和与智能设备通信的速度。这些设备和系统需要一个在单个模块中同时具有加密和解密操作的AES模块,以便以双工模式进行通信,以便在实时环境中访问信息。本文提出了一种带有修改轮运算的统一模块体系结构,并在Virtex-7 FPGA平台上实现。Mix列在算法中增加了纵向修改,本设计利用Mix列块对AES算法进行了优化。统一AES实现了最高频率290.3MHz,资源利用率9416片lut的设计,对传统AES进行了一些修改,资源利用率更低,吞吐量更高。
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引用次数: 0
Real-Time Performance Analysis and Tuning of Embedded System Virtualization Architecture based on KVM 基于KVM的嵌入式系统虚拟化架构实时性能分析与调优
IF 0.7 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijertcs.302113
Embedded systems are proceeding towards exploiting virtualization technology to have the benefits of Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) and General-Purpose Operating System (GPOS) in the same system. This combination provides both a timely and deterministic behavior and a general-purpose application codebase. There still exist concerns about the real-time responsiveness of RTOS running inside a Virtual Machine (VM). In this paper, the real-time performance of Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) virtualization architecture is analyzed on a multi-core system. Here, a preemptible Linux kernel with the PREEMPT_RT patch is used for RTOS, while a standard Linux kernel is used for GPOS. The interrupt latency inside the real-time guest VM is analyzed by applying various amounts of CPU, memory, and I/O stresses on the guest and host systems. A VM resource monitoring tool ‘VM_stat’ is developed to know the resource usage of the guest VMs, which is useful for effectively tuning the system. Different real-time tuning measures are applied on the host/guest systems and the performance is analyzed.
嵌入式系统正朝着利用虚拟化技术在同一系统中同时具有实时操作系统(RTOS)和通用操作系统(GPOS)的优点的方向发展。这种组合既提供了及时和确定的行为,又提供了通用的应用程序代码库。在虚拟机(VM)中运行的RTOS的实时响应性仍然存在问题。本文分析了基于内核的虚拟机(KVM)虚拟化体系结构在多核系统上的实时性。这里,带有PREEMPT_RT补丁的可抢占Linux内核用于RTOS,而标准Linux内核用于GPOS。通过在客户机和主机系统上应用不同数量的CPU、内存和I/O压力,可以分析实时客户机VM中的中断延迟。开发了虚拟机资源监控工具“VM_stat”来了解来宾虚拟机的资源使用情况,这对于有效地调优系统非常有用。在主机/客户机系统上应用了不同的实时调优措施,并对性能进行了分析。
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引用次数: 0
Forecasting Telecommunication Network States on the Basis of Log Patterns Analysis and Knowledge Graphs Modeling 基于日志模式分析和知识图建模的电信网络状态预测
IF 0.7 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijertcs.311464
K. Krinkin, A. Vodyaho, I. Kulikov, N. Zhukova
The article proposes a state forecasting method for telecommunications networks (TN) that is based on the analysis of behavioral models observed on users' network devices. The method applies user behavior that makes it possible to forecast with more accuracy both the network parameters and the load at various back-ends. Suggested forecasts facilitate implementing reasonable reconfiguration of the TN. The new method proposed as a further development of TN states the forecasting method presented by the authors before. In this new version, forecasting algorithm users' behavioral models are involved. The models refer to a class of time diagrams of device transitions between different states. The novelty of the proposed method is that resulting TN models enable forecasting device state transitions represented in a device state diagram in the form of knowledge graph, in particular changes in loads of different back-ends. The provided case study for a subgroup of network devices demonstrated how their states can be forecasted using behavioral models obtained from log files.
本文提出了一种基于对用户网络设备上观察到的行为模型的分析的电信网络状态预测方法。该方法应用了用户行为,使得可以更准确地预测网络参数和各种后端的负载。建议的预测有助于实现TN的合理重构。作为TN的进一步发展而提出的新方法陈述了作者以前提出的预测方法。在这个新版本中,预测算法用户的行为模型也参与其中。这些模型指的是不同状态之间设备转换的一类时间图。所提出的方法的新颖性在于,生成的TN模型能够预测以知识图形式的设备状态图中表示的设备状态转换,特别是不同后端负载的变化。所提供的网络设备子组的案例研究演示了如何使用从日志文件中获得的行为模型来预测其状态。
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引用次数: 1
One Approach to Improving Smart Environment Communication via the Security Parameter 通过安全参数改进智能环境通信的一种方法
IF 0.7 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijertcs.313042
Narves Behlilovic
Improving smart environment communication remains a final unachievable destination. Continuous optimization in smart environment communication is mandatory because of an emerging number of connected devices. Carefully observing its parameters and demands leads to acknowledging existing challenges and boundaries regarding areas covered with signal and possibilities of approaching network architecture, limited battery resources in certain nodes of network architecture, privacy, and security of existing data transfer. One approach to dealing with these communication challenges and boundaries is focusing on important technical parameters respectively, signal processing speed, communication nodes distance, and communication channel security. The aim of this article is to point out these most important communication parameters in smart environments and how changing those can affect communication. Its original contribution is represented in establishing principles for governing security parameters by using permanent magnets in order to produce Faraday's rotation and thus manipulate the whole process of communication in a smart environment.
改善智能环境通信仍然是一个最终无法实现的目标。由于连接设备数量的不断增加,智能环境通信的持续优化是必须的。仔细观察其参数和需求,可以认识到现有的挑战和边界,包括信号覆盖区域和接近网络架构的可能性,网络架构某些节点的有限电池资源,现有数据传输的隐私和安全性。处理这些通信挑战和边界的一种方法是分别关注重要的技术参数,信号处理速度,通信节点距离和通信信道安全性。本文的目的是指出智能环境中这些最重要的通信参数,以及改变这些参数会如何影响通信。其最初的贡献是通过使用永磁体建立控制安全参数的原则,以产生法拉第旋转,从而在智能环境中操纵整个通信过程。
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引用次数: 0
Building Time-Triggered Schedules for Typed-DAG Tasks with Alternative Implementations 为具有可选实现的类型dag任务构建时间触发计划
IF 0.7 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.1109/RTCSA55878.2022.00017
H. Zahaf, Nicola Capodieci
Real-time and latency sensitive applications such as autonomous driving, feature an increasing need of computational power that traditional multi-core platforms can not provide. For this purpose, many heterogeneous embedded platforms have been released recently. They offer a set of diverse processing elements (e.g. GPUs, DSPs, ASICs, etc...) in order to manage the computational demands of data hungry applications. The system engineer, therefore, can choose the fittest processing element for each specific subtask. In this context, timing constraints and related task models are of paramount importance.The HPC-DAG (Heterogeneous Parallel Directed Acyclic Graph) task model has been recently proposed to capture real-time workload execution on modern heterogeneous platforms. It expresses the Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) heterogeneity across the different compute accelerators, but also their differences in terms of possible scheduling policies such as preemption.In this paper, we propose a time-table scheduling approach to allocate and schedule a set of HPC-DAG tasks onto a set of heterogeneous cores, by the mean of Integer Linear Programming (ILP). Our design allows the system engineer to handle heterogeneity of resources, of on-line execution costs, and of a part of the tasks and sub-tasks allocation to cores. It improves the solving time compared to the state of the art by gradually exploring the design space.
对实时和延迟敏感的应用,如自动驾驶,对计算能力的需求越来越大,这是传统多核平台无法提供的。为此,最近发布了许多异构嵌入式平台。它们提供了一组不同的处理元件(例如gpu、dsp、asic等),以管理数据饥渴型应用程序的计算需求。因此,系统工程师可以为每个特定的子任务选择最合适的处理元素。在这种情况下,时间约束和相关任务模型是至关重要的。HPC-DAG(异构并行有向无环图)任务模型最近被提出来捕捉现代异构平台上的实时工作负载执行情况。它表达了不同计算加速器之间指令集体系结构(ISA)的异质性,以及它们在可能的调度策略(如抢占)方面的差异。本文提出了一种时间表调度方法,利用整数线性规划(ILP)将一组HPC-DAG任务分配和调度到一组异构内核上。我们的设计允许系统工程师处理资源的异构性,在线执行成本,以及部分任务和子任务分配到核心。它通过逐步探索设计空间,提高了与现有技术相比的求解时间。
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引用次数: 0
Work-in-Progress Abstract: The impact of the period variation on execution time distributions of programs 摘要:周期变化对程序执行时间分布的影响
IF 0.7 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/RTCSA52859.2021.00033
L. Cucu-Grosjean, A. Bar-Hen, Y. Sorel, Hadrien A. Clarke
Designers of embedded real-time systems derive, in general, their time parameters such as activation periods from those of sensors or actuators. By designers, we mean the team in charge of conceiving embedded real-time systems. This team includes Control Theory designers and Computer Science designers. Within this paper we present the point of view of Computer Science designers, while the periods proposed by Control Theory designers are supposed robust with respect to the physical behavior of the system. The execution times are, then, estimated by studying statically the programs structure or dynamically the programs execution. In some cases, both activation periods and execution times depend on a sensor information. For instance, they depend on the angular speed of wheels within an automotive embedded real-time system and such systems follow a rate-dependent model. Elastic tasks is another model, where one may consider execution time variation depending on the selected period. Within this paper, we are interested in describing statistically the relationship between activation periods and execution times of programs. More precisely, we study the impact of the period variation on the distributions of the execution times. To illustrate our preliminary results, we consider, as case study, the set of programs executing the autopilot of an open-source PX4 drone.
嵌入式实时系统的设计者通常从传感器或执行器的时间参数中获得时间参数,如激活周期。所谓设计师,我们指的是负责构思嵌入式实时系统的团队。这个团队包括控制论设计师和计算机科学设计师。在本文中,我们提出了计算机科学设计者的观点,而控制论设计者提出的周期相对于系统的物理行为被认为是鲁棒的。然后,通过静态地研究程序结构或动态地研究程序的执行来估计执行时间。在某些情况下,激活周期和执行时间都取决于传感器信息。例如,它们依赖于汽车嵌入式实时系统中车轮的角速度,而这种系统遵循速率依赖模型。弹性任务是另一个模型,可以根据所选的时间段考虑执行时间的变化。在本文中,我们感兴趣的是描述程序的激活周期和执行时间之间的统计关系。更准确地说,我们研究周期变化对执行时间分布的影响。为了说明我们的初步结果,我们考虑作为案例研究,执行开源PX4无人机自动驾驶仪的一组程序。
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引用次数: 0
Work-in-Progress Abstract: Revealing and Analyzing Architectural Models in Open-source ArduPilot 摘要:揭示和分析开源ArduPilot的架构模型
IF 0.7 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/RTCSA52859.2021.00034
S. Staroletov
Building robust software can be considered a major challenge in current software engineering processes. This task is especially relevant for the code of cyber-physical systems (CPS) that interact with tangible data of the environment and make decisions that have an impact on the real world. The study of good practices of the architectural organization of such software systems is suitable to conduct on solutions with open-source code, which are developed by large communities of enthusiasts. Such a code bears a long history and has been tested many times on real devices in a real-world environment. The construction of various models using the program code allows us to understand stable architectural solutions, to present them in a graphical form; these solutions can be used in STEM centers when designing other systems, taking into account all the achievements of the communities. In addition, it is possible to propose methods for analyzing models to prove various properties of cyber-physical systems. In this paper, we analyze ArduPilot Mega (APM), an Arduino-compatible solution for building DIY driving and flying systems. The solution is based on a specially designed board with a controller and necessary peripherals, as well as a firmware code in a C++ -compatible dialect. Since there are many limitations associated with hardware, it is advisable to carry out a so-called co-modeling, taking into account both hardware and software sides. We consider modeling the interaction of equipment on connected pins and data transmission buses, the software part in the form of a class diagram for the solution. We then describe methods for analyzing the interactions between tasks running on the system through shared variables and evaluating the performance of the task scheduler.
构建健壮的软件可以被认为是当前软件工程过程中的一个主要挑战。这项任务与网络物理系统(CPS)的代码特别相关,这些系统与环境的有形数据相互作用,并做出对现实世界有影响的决策。对这类软件系统的架构组织的良好实践的研究适合于对由大型爱好者社区开发的开源代码的解决方案进行研究。这样的代码有很长的历史,并且已经在真实环境中的真实设备上进行了多次测试。使用程序代码构建各种模型使我们能够理解稳定的架构解决方案,并以图形形式呈现它们;这些解决方案可以在STEM中心设计其他系统时使用,同时考虑到社区的所有成就。此外,还可以提出分析模型的方法来证明网络物理系统的各种特性。在本文中,我们分析了ArduPilot Mega (APM),一个arduino兼容的解决方案,用于构建DIY驾驶和飞行系统。该解决方案基于一个特殊设计的电路板,带有控制器和必要的外围设备,以及c++兼容方言的固件代码。由于存在与硬件相关的许多限制,因此建议执行所谓的协同建模,同时考虑硬件和软件方面。我们考虑对连接的引脚和数据传输总线上的设备的交互进行建模,软件部分以类图的形式提供解决方案。然后,我们描述了通过共享变量分析系统上运行的任务之间的交互以及评估任务调度器性能的方法。
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引用次数: 1
Enhanced Schedulability Tests for Real-Time Regularity-Based Virtualized Systems with Dependent and Self-Suspension Tasks 具有依赖任务和自挂起任务的基于实时规律的虚拟化系统的增强可调度性测试
IF 0.7 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11241-022-09391-w
Guangli Dai, Pavan Kumar Paluri, A. Cheng
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引用次数: 2
期刊
International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems (IJERTCS)
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