It is a pleasure to respond to Christina Fredengren’s thought-provoking keynote on post-humanistic approaches in archaeology. Her ambition is to give arguments for relational and entangled approaches and multispecies archaeology. It is a thoroughly warranted text. The political situation in the world, with increased segregation and inequality, requires action from the humanities and social sciences. Theories and methods used in archae ology are generational and time-specific, as the present is always the starting point for research. Conscious or unconscious demands in the present are incorporated, open or hidden, in our research questions. It is not remarkable that archaeological theories and methods have changed through the premodern, modern, and post-modern periods, due to ideological and political contexts, as Lori Braidotti (2013) outlines so well. I appreciate Fredengren’s call for critical feminist posthumanism and a new materialism in archaeology as it opens up for new questions about how archaeology can work. After a short presentation of posthuman theories and approaches and archaeological animal studies, Fredengren explores the concepts of taxonomy, hybridity, othering and killability. They are chosen to gain an understanding of how humanity and animality are produced and how to find animal agentiality. Fredengren’s argument goes far beyond the traditional field of archaeological research towards more overarching existential and philosophical questions.
{"title":"Post-humanistic Approaches in Archaeology","authors":"Kristina Jennbert","doi":"10.37718/csa.2021.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37718/csa.2021.04","url":null,"abstract":"It is a pleasure to respond to Christina Fredengren’s thought-provoking keynote on post-humanistic approaches in archaeology. Her ambition is to give arguments for relational and entangled approaches and multispecies archaeology. It is a thoroughly warranted text. The political situation in the world, with increased segregation and inequality, requires action from the humanities and social sciences. Theories and methods used in archae ology are generational and time-specific, as the present is always the starting point for research. Conscious or unconscious demands in the present are incorporated, open or hidden, in our research questions. It is not remarkable that archaeological theories and methods have changed through the premodern, modern, and post-modern periods, due to ideological and political contexts, as Lori Braidotti (2013) outlines so well. I appreciate Fredengren’s call for critical feminist posthumanism and a new materialism in archaeology as it opens up for new questions about how archaeology can work. After a short presentation of posthuman theories and approaches and archaeological animal studies, Fredengren explores the concepts of taxonomy, hybridity, othering and killability. They are chosen to gain an understanding of how humanity and animality are produced and how to find animal agentiality. Fredengren’s argument goes far beyond the traditional field of archaeological research towards more overarching existential and philosophical questions.","PeriodicalId":38457,"journal":{"name":"Current Swedish Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47206000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
‘Interdisciplinarity’ remains a buzzword in archaeology: a divide between science and humanities (Fredengren 2013:54) has precluded the systematic integration of data, methods and vocabulary. Lidén and Eriksson (2013) reviewed misuses of archaeological science by both archaeologists and natural scientists, including the largely performative adoption of each other’s results. Long-standing traditions of natural science (‘science’ henceforth) and humanities in archaeology are at risk of diverging from one another. Beyond entanglement (Fredengren 2021) is a commendable effort to better involve animal studies in archaeology. It inspires reflection on how human-animal relations are coded in key concepts I choose to discuss here. My attempt to bone up on theories developed in animal studies revealed challenges facing the study of animal remains and interdisciplinary archaeology in general. Analysing animal remains in archaeology seems a distinctly positivist, empirical exercise. Whether in search of patterns or testing hypotheses, we invariably study the bodies of dead animals. These data, however, can be too scarce to fit statistical analyses due to past human behaviour, an integral part of the taphonomic process in archaeology (Noe-Nygaard 1987; Magnell 2011) contaminating the purely ‘zoological’ record. Animal bodies are broken up and scattered in culturally different ways making their reconstruction too often impossible. Trying to profit from this inevitable bias led to a ‘human turn’ in my career. Focusing on relationships reveals domesticates to be culturally constructed, endowed with idiosyncratic meanings,
{"title":"Herding Cats","authors":"László Bartosiewicz","doi":"10.37718/csa.2021.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37718/csa.2021.07","url":null,"abstract":"‘Interdisciplinarity’ remains a buzzword in archaeology: a divide between science and humanities (Fredengren 2013:54) has precluded the systematic integration of data, methods and vocabulary. Lidén and Eriksson (2013) reviewed misuses of archaeological science by both archaeologists and natural scientists, including the largely performative adoption of each other’s results. Long-standing traditions of natural science (‘science’ henceforth) and humanities in archaeology are at risk of diverging from one another. Beyond entanglement (Fredengren 2021) is a commendable effort to better involve animal studies in archaeology. It inspires reflection on how human-animal relations are coded in key concepts I choose to discuss here. My attempt to bone up on theories developed in animal studies revealed challenges facing the study of animal remains and interdisciplinary archaeology in general. Analysing animal remains in archaeology seems a distinctly positivist, empirical exercise. Whether in search of patterns or testing hypotheses, we invariably study the bodies of dead animals. These data, however, can be too scarce to fit statistical analyses due to past human behaviour, an integral part of the taphonomic process in archaeology (Noe-Nygaard 1987; Magnell 2011) contaminating the purely ‘zoological’ record. Animal bodies are broken up and scattered in culturally different ways making their reconstruction too often impossible. Trying to profit from this inevitable bias led to a ‘human turn’ in my career. Focusing on relationships reveals domesticates to be culturally constructed, endowed with idiosyncratic meanings,","PeriodicalId":38457,"journal":{"name":"Current Swedish Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42736989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
From the fifth century to the Viking Age in present-day Norway, certain women belonging to the upper strata of society were buried with high-quality ornamental bow-brooches. Although adjusting to changing styles of decoration, the practical function and basic form of the brooches - rectangular headplate, bow and rhomboidal footplate – remained more or less the same throughout the centuries they were in use. By exploring burials which include these ornamental accessories, I argue that the brooches functioned as an important factor in reproducing and continuously negotiating identity shared by certain women within the Scandinavian Iron Age elite.
{"title":"First Ladies","authors":"Ingunn M. Røstad","doi":"10.37718/csa.2021.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37718/csa.2021.10","url":null,"abstract":"From the fifth century to the Viking Age in present-day Norway, certain women belonging to the upper strata of society were buried with high-quality ornamental bow-brooches. Although adjusting to changing styles of decoration, the practical function and basic form of the brooches - rectangular headplate, bow and rhomboidal footplate – remained more or less the same throughout the centuries they were in use. By exploring burials which include these ornamental accessories, I argue that the brooches functioned as an important factor in reproducing and continuously negotiating identity shared by certain women within the Scandinavian Iron Age elite.","PeriodicalId":38457,"journal":{"name":"Current Swedish Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44510328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This keynote discusses how human-animal relationships can be studied as entanglements to understand more of the situatedness of human and animal bodies and lives. It provides a selection of thinking tools from critical posthumanist feminism and new materialism which should prove useful for studying more-than-human worldmaking through archaeology. These tools can be used to study how humanity and animality are produced, how to recognise animal agentiality, and to highlight challenges on the way. Key issues are identified in concepts such as taxonomies, hybridity, othering and killability. Examples are drawn from recently published research on human-animal relations in archaeology on rock art, depositions, sacrifices, burial practices and more. The paper also tests how speculative methods can be a way of approaching more-than-human exposedness, situatedness and agentiality. It makes an argument that while it is important to study the entanglement of bodies as material-semiotic phenomena, it is of equal importance to also address questions on inequalities and injustices, and who carries the burden in particular situated entanglements and thereby move beyond the study of entanglement on its own.
{"title":"Beyond Entanglement","authors":"C. Fredengren","doi":"10.37718/csa.2021.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37718/csa.2021.01","url":null,"abstract":"This keynote discusses how human-animal relationships can be studied as entanglements to understand more of the situatedness of human and animal bodies and lives. It provides a selection of thinking tools from critical posthumanist feminism and new materialism which should prove useful for studying more-than-human worldmaking through archaeology. These tools can be used to study how humanity and animality are produced, how to recognise animal agentiality, and to highlight challenges on the way. Key issues are identified in concepts such as taxonomies, hybridity, othering and killability. Examples are drawn from recently published research on human-animal relations in archaeology on rock art, depositions, sacrifices, burial practices and more. The paper also tests how speculative methods can be a way of approaching more-than-human exposedness, situatedness and agentiality. It makes an argument that while it is important to study the entanglement of bodies as material-semiotic phenomena, it is of equal importance to also address questions on inequalities and injustices, and who carries the burden in particular situated entanglements and thereby move beyond the study of entanglement on its own.","PeriodicalId":38457,"journal":{"name":"Current Swedish Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48748770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The View from the Cheap Seats","authors":"Kristin Armstrong-Oma","doi":"10.37718/csa.2021.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37718/csa.2021.08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38457,"journal":{"name":"Current Swedish Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44588423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The amazing goblet known as the ‘Tassilo Liutpirc Chalice’ is one of the most significant archaeological objects from the eighth century AD. Surprisingly, the animal figures that adorn it have close parallels with the creatures of the Germanic Animal styles from the fifth century onwards. This paper explores the deeply-rooted traditions behind this, and the social, cultural and political mechanisms that sustained its continuity, transcending the boundaries of epochs and religions. It is argued that a supra-regional network of workshops was the driving force in the development of this sophisticated imagery.
{"title":"Social Transformations and Resilience","authors":"Alexandra Pesch","doi":"10.37718/csa.2021.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37718/csa.2021.11","url":null,"abstract":"The amazing goblet known as the ‘Tassilo Liutpirc Chalice’ is one of the most significant archaeological objects from the eighth century AD. Surprisingly, the animal figures that adorn it have close parallels with the creatures of the Germanic Animal styles from the fifth century onwards. This paper explores the deeply-rooted traditions behind this, and the social, cultural and political mechanisms that sustained its continuity, transcending the boundaries of epochs and religions. It is argued that a supra-regional network of workshops was the driving force in the development of this sophisticated imagery.","PeriodicalId":38457,"journal":{"name":"Current Swedish Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41652303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Training the Mind to go Visiting","authors":"C. Fredengren","doi":"10.37718/csa.2021.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37718/csa.2021.09","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38457,"journal":{"name":"Current Swedish Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47891087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Landslides are one of the few types of natural hazards that have affected Sweden regularly in the recent past. We can expect that this geological phenomenon will only increase in frequency in the near future given the ongoing processes of anthropogenic climate change, and this likelihood motivates some historical retrospection. This paper explores how landslides have impacted archaeological sites in Västra Götaland, the country’s most landslide-prone region, from the mid-twentieth century onwards, and how, in turn, archaeologists have had to respond to these disasters. The 1957 Göta, 1973 Fröland, 1977 Tuve and 2006 Småröd landslides are highlighted in particular, as is the landslide-impacted site Hjälpesten. Connections are made to other different but related archaeologies of hazard and disaster, providing insights into the impact that climate change has had and will have on the discipline. While the paper showcases a set of local case studies, it is further argued that its findings have relevance for other areas as well, calling for the attention of the cultural heritage sector.
{"title":"Landslides vs Archaeology","authors":"A. Larsson","doi":"10.37718/csa.2021.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37718/csa.2021.13","url":null,"abstract":"Landslides are one of the few types of natural hazards that have affected Sweden regularly in the recent past. We can expect that this geological phenomenon will only increase in frequency in the near future given the ongoing processes of anthropogenic climate change, and this likelihood motivates some historical retrospection. This paper explores how landslides have impacted archaeological sites in Västra Götaland, the country’s most landslide-prone region, from the mid-twentieth century onwards, and how, in turn, archaeologists have had to respond to these disasters. The 1957 Göta, 1973 Fröland, 1977 Tuve and 2006 Småröd landslides are highlighted in particular, as is the landslide-impacted site Hjälpesten. Connections are made to other different but related archaeologies of hazard and disaster, providing insights into the impact that climate change has had and will have on the discipline. While the paper showcases a set of local case studies, it is further argued that its findings have relevance for other areas as well, calling for the attention of the cultural heritage sector.","PeriodicalId":38457,"journal":{"name":"Current Swedish Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42742538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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