Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114906
Peyman Koohi, A. Watson, T. Soeiro, J. Clare, M. Rivera, P. Venugopal, P. Wheeler
Cross-coupling effect and complicated control are the main drawbacks in multi-port structures such as multi-active bridge (MAB) converters. This paper discusses existing solutions for decoupling power flow in the MAB and proposes a new strategy. The suggested solution requires an external inductor and two more switches per bidirectional port, and one inductor per output unidirectional port. The theoretical analysis shows that each output port can be controlled independently in all scenarios. The proposed strategy does not require a decoupling matrix, and each port behaves like a separated dual-active bridge converter. In the end, the functionality and performance of the proposal are validated in PLECS simulator, demonstrating an appropriate selection of the inductances can decouple the power flow effectively, besides it reduces the circulating power and enhances the possibility of fault tolerance.
{"title":"A Hardware-Based Bidirectional Power Flow Decoupling Approach for Multi-Active-Bridge Converters","authors":"Peyman Koohi, A. Watson, T. Soeiro, J. Clare, M. Rivera, P. Venugopal, P. Wheeler","doi":"10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114906","url":null,"abstract":"Cross-coupling effect and complicated control are the main drawbacks in multi-port structures such as multi-active bridge (MAB) converters. This paper discusses existing solutions for decoupling power flow in the MAB and proposes a new strategy. The suggested solution requires an external inductor and two more switches per bidirectional port, and one inductor per output unidirectional port. The theoretical analysis shows that each output port can be controlled independently in all scenarios. The proposed strategy does not require a decoupling matrix, and each port behaves like a separated dual-active bridge converter. In the end, the functionality and performance of the proposal are validated in PLECS simulator, demonstrating an appropriate selection of the inductances can decouple the power flow effectively, besides it reduces the circulating power and enhances the possibility of fault tolerance.","PeriodicalId":38493,"journal":{"name":"AUS","volume":"55 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89058191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114815
Nermin Colo, S. Huseinbegović, S. Smaka, Branislava Peruničić Dračenović, S. Masic
Energy consumed by trams is studied in many papers, with a wide diversity of approaches regarding how to model and solve this problem. A novel approach to modeling the power consumption of trams is presented in this paper. To identify the unknown parameters influencing the rolling resistance force acting on the tram, it is necessary to measure the power consumption and speed of a single tram (or multiple trams if there are different car types in operation). The developed model of the tram is calibrated with data from the Sarajevo tram system. Simulation results are compared with measurements and a good correlation was obtained. The power consumption model of the tram with identified parameters can be further used to develop a framework for the power consumption estimation of the traction substation.
{"title":"Modeling and Experimental Validation of Tram Power Consumption","authors":"Nermin Colo, S. Huseinbegović, S. Smaka, Branislava Peruničić Dračenović, S. Masic","doi":"10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114815","url":null,"abstract":"Energy consumed by trams is studied in many papers, with a wide diversity of approaches regarding how to model and solve this problem. A novel approach to modeling the power consumption of trams is presented in this paper. To identify the unknown parameters influencing the rolling resistance force acting on the tram, it is necessary to measure the power consumption and speed of a single tram (or multiple trams if there are different car types in operation). The developed model of the tram is calibrated with data from the Sarajevo tram system. Simulation results are compared with measurements and a good correlation was obtained. The power consumption model of the tram with identified parameters can be further used to develop a framework for the power consumption estimation of the traction substation.","PeriodicalId":38493,"journal":{"name":"AUS","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73940608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114846
Mark Vygoder, R. Cuzner, Brian S R Armstrong
The increased switching frequency offered by Silicon Carbide (SiC) based Multi-chip Power Modules may allow designers to reduce the size and weight of passive elements while still meeting converter specifications. For the 3-phase Voltage Source Rectifier (VSR), as switching frequency increases, the DC-link capacitor may be reduce while maintaining the same voltage ripple. However, an often overlooked part in sizing the DC-link capacitance is the converter's stability. The use of conventional control methods, such PI-based controls, may lead to larger DC-link capacitance to prevent instability, minimizing the value proposition of Wide Band Gap-based power conversion. Applications like electrified shipboard or more electrical aircraft can be extremely sensitive to increases in size/weight due to limited space and/or significant annualized fuel costs. To this end, this paper explores, through simulation, a nonlinear control method based on Lyapunov's direct method published 25 years ago to minimize DC-link capacitance of an SiC-based VSR.
{"title":"Minimization of DC-Link Capacitance in Voltage Source Rectifiers through Nonlinear Controls Based on Lyapunov's Direct Method","authors":"Mark Vygoder, R. Cuzner, Brian S R Armstrong","doi":"10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114846","url":null,"abstract":"The increased switching frequency offered by Silicon Carbide (SiC) based Multi-chip Power Modules may allow designers to reduce the size and weight of passive elements while still meeting converter specifications. For the 3-phase Voltage Source Rectifier (VSR), as switching frequency increases, the DC-link capacitor may be reduce while maintaining the same voltage ripple. However, an often overlooked part in sizing the DC-link capacitance is the converter's stability. The use of conventional control methods, such PI-based controls, may lead to larger DC-link capacitance to prevent instability, minimizing the value proposition of Wide Band Gap-based power conversion. Applications like electrified shipboard or more electrical aircraft can be extremely sensitive to increases in size/weight due to limited space and/or significant annualized fuel costs. To this end, this paper explores, through simulation, a nonlinear control method based on Lyapunov's direct method published 25 years ago to minimize DC-link capacitance of an SiC-based VSR.","PeriodicalId":38493,"journal":{"name":"AUS","volume":"58 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74029047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114832
Andrea Alessia Tavagnutti, D. Bosich, S. Pastore, G. Sulligoi
In advanced ships, the power request is increasing as most of the loads, including propulsion, are electrically supplied. This aspect represents a challenge when focusing on the dynamics performance in balancing the power flows and when considering the large amount of energy to be managed. To this issue, the DC technology is an effective solution to prioritize the flexibility of shipboard power systems and for a better use of onboard energy. A DC shipboard microgrid is a complex system, incorporating several controlled converters. Between the main priorities, certainly the system stability has a prominent role. Indeed, unstable interactions among controlled converters and their filtering stages can arise during the ship operation, thus eventually compromising the ship mission. As the analytical stability assessment on this controlled system is not feasible, then equivalent models or order reductions help when investigating on stability performance. In this work, a cascade-connected shipboard DC system is studied, and an analytical expression of its stability boundaries is attained. The stability results are verified by means of circuital simulations to identify when the load filters are negligible, then achieving the chased order reduction.
{"title":"A Reduced Order Model for the Stable LC-Filter Design on Shipboard DC Microgrids","authors":"Andrea Alessia Tavagnutti, D. Bosich, S. Pastore, G. Sulligoi","doi":"10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114832","url":null,"abstract":"In advanced ships, the power request is increasing as most of the loads, including propulsion, are electrically supplied. This aspect represents a challenge when focusing on the dynamics performance in balancing the power flows and when considering the large amount of energy to be managed. To this issue, the DC technology is an effective solution to prioritize the flexibility of shipboard power systems and for a better use of onboard energy. A DC shipboard microgrid is a complex system, incorporating several controlled converters. Between the main priorities, certainly the system stability has a prominent role. Indeed, unstable interactions among controlled converters and their filtering stages can arise during the ship operation, thus eventually compromising the ship mission. As the analytical stability assessment on this controlled system is not feasible, then equivalent models or order reductions help when investigating on stability performance. In this work, a cascade-connected shipboard DC system is studied, and an analytical expression of its stability boundaries is attained. The stability results are verified by means of circuital simulations to identify when the load filters are negligible, then achieving the chased order reduction.","PeriodicalId":38493,"journal":{"name":"AUS","volume":"32 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75216014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114881
Panagiotis Margaronis, A. Kanellopoulou, Nicholas E. Silionis, D. Liarokapis, E. Sofras, J. Prousalidis
In this paper, a holistic approach to design from scratch a ship with electric propulsion based on power supply by batteries is presented. The ship is designed to cover short-sea distances and based on the trip profiles, three alternative catamaran schemes are studied from the ship design, the shipbuilding and the ship energy system design point of view.
{"title":"Holistic Design of a Twin-Hull Short-Sea Shipping Vessel With Hybrid-Electric Propulsion","authors":"Panagiotis Margaronis, A. Kanellopoulou, Nicholas E. Silionis, D. Liarokapis, E. Sofras, J. Prousalidis","doi":"10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114881","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a holistic approach to design from scratch a ship with electric propulsion based on power supply by batteries is presented. The ship is designed to cover short-sea distances and based on the trip profiles, three alternative catamaran schemes are studied from the ship design, the shipbuilding and the ship energy system design point of view.","PeriodicalId":38493,"journal":{"name":"AUS","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73358886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114895
Elisa Mostacciuolo, L. Iannelli, Domenico Natella, Silvio Baccari, F. Vasca
A technique for the simultaneous online estimation of the battery state of charge (SOC) and the parameters of a polynomial approximation of the open circuit voltage dependence on SOC is proposed. The strategy is based on an equivalent circuit model of the battery and it consists of a Luenberger SOC observer interlaced with a recursive least-square algorithm for the parameters estimation. The well-posedness of the co-estimation problem for different structures of the open circuit voltage characteristic is discussed. The technique is validated on real data coming from an automotive application.
{"title":"Parameters identification for open circuit voltage characteristic in battery models","authors":"Elisa Mostacciuolo, L. Iannelli, Domenico Natella, Silvio Baccari, F. Vasca","doi":"10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114895","url":null,"abstract":"A technique for the simultaneous online estimation of the battery state of charge (SOC) and the parameters of a polynomial approximation of the open circuit voltage dependence on SOC is proposed. The strategy is based on an equivalent circuit model of the battery and it consists of a Luenberger SOC observer interlaced with a recursive least-square algorithm for the parameters estimation. The well-posedness of the co-estimation problem for different structures of the open circuit voltage characteristic is discussed. The technique is validated on real data coming from an automotive application.","PeriodicalId":38493,"journal":{"name":"AUS","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75589154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114830
O. López-Santos, D. Zambrano-Prada, L. Martínez-Salamero, A. E. Aroudi, L. Vázquez-Seisdedos
Selecting the converter in the output stage of an ultrafast charging system for electric vehicles (EVs) has to take into account different constraints imposed by the number of charging ports and the type of power distribution (AC, DC or both). This paper discusses qualitative criteria for selecting the most appropriate converter for a given electrical architecture considering different structures reported in the literature. Unidirectional topologies with galvanic isolation such as LLC resonant converter and phase shifted full bridge (PSFB) structure, together with the non-isolated multiphase buck converter are analyzed in detail to establish the adequate electrical architecture for matching.
{"title":"Unidirectional DC-DC Converters for Ultrafast Charging of Electric Vehicles","authors":"O. López-Santos, D. Zambrano-Prada, L. Martínez-Salamero, A. E. Aroudi, L. Vázquez-Seisdedos","doi":"10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114830","url":null,"abstract":"Selecting the converter in the output stage of an ultrafast charging system for electric vehicles (EVs) has to take into account different constraints imposed by the number of charging ports and the type of power distribution (AC, DC or both). This paper discusses qualitative criteria for selecting the most appropriate converter for a given electrical architecture considering different structures reported in the literature. Unidirectional topologies with galvanic isolation such as LLC resonant converter and phase shifted full bridge (PSFB) structure, together with the non-isolated multiphase buck converter are analyzed in detail to establish the adequate electrical architecture for matching.","PeriodicalId":38493,"journal":{"name":"AUS","volume":"160 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77148418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114845
Bastien Pasquet, S. Vinnac, J. Blaquière, T. Meynard, S. Sanchez
This paper explores various design strategies for low-voltage, high current DC-DC converters, in order to optimize efficiency, volume, and mass, while keeping the project as simple and cost efficient as possible by using only on-the-shelf components, including inductor and heatsinks. The impact of topologies on both efficiency and compactness is studied for a specific aeronautical application. A 2kW 3-level FCML module has been developed for a 100V to 28V DC-DC step-down. It relies on pairs of paralleled EPC2022 GaN transistors to significantly increase converter power density. Two routing strategies to reduce parasitic switching loops are compared using computer simulations, with experimental verification. First experimental results on a prototype show an efficiency up to 98.4% for a specific power of 12.5kW/L.
{"title":"Design and efficiency measurement of a sub-unit for a 20kW DC-DC multiphase power converter","authors":"Bastien Pasquet, S. Vinnac, J. Blaquière, T. Meynard, S. Sanchez","doi":"10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114845","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores various design strategies for low-voltage, high current DC-DC converters, in order to optimize efficiency, volume, and mass, while keeping the project as simple and cost efficient as possible by using only on-the-shelf components, including inductor and heatsinks. The impact of topologies on both efficiency and compactness is studied for a specific aeronautical application. A 2kW 3-level FCML module has been developed for a 100V to 28V DC-DC step-down. It relies on pairs of paralleled EPC2022 GaN transistors to significantly increase converter power density. Two routing strategies to reduce parasitic switching loops are compared using computer simulations, with experimental verification. First experimental results on a prototype show an efficiency up to 98.4% for a specific power of 12.5kW/L.","PeriodicalId":38493,"journal":{"name":"AUS","volume":"49 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88948016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114831
Paul Sacco, P. Ladoux, S. Sanchez, Mahmoud Hassan
The 25 kV AC railway power supply is widespread worldwide, but it produces a voltage unbalance on the upstream three-phase electric power transmission grid. Nowadays, the railway traffic increase exacerbates this unbalance issue. The use of power electronic converters appears to be an appropriate response. This paper first recalls the principle of the Railway Power Conditioner (RPC). This converter redistributes power between two railway sectors of the same substation. The study focuses on substations with either Scott or VV transformer arrangements. Simulations, considering the actual power consumption of a substation, are carried out. The sizing of converter is then discussed, taking into account the type of transformer (Scott or VV) and a control with a partial or total compensation of voltage unbalance.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Study of a Railway Power Conditioner for 25 kV Substations with Scott and V/V Transformer","authors":"Paul Sacco, P. Ladoux, S. Sanchez, Mahmoud Hassan","doi":"10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114831","url":null,"abstract":"The 25 kV AC railway power supply is widespread worldwide, but it produces a voltage unbalance on the upstream three-phase electric power transmission grid. Nowadays, the railway traffic increase exacerbates this unbalance issue. The use of power electronic converters appears to be an appropriate response. This paper first recalls the principle of the Railway Power Conditioner (RPC). This converter redistributes power between two railway sectors of the same substation. The study focuses on substations with either Scott or VV transformer arrangements. Simulations, considering the actual power consumption of a substation, are carried out. The sizing of converter is then discussed, taking into account the type of transformer (Scott or VV) and a control with a partial or total compensation of voltage unbalance.","PeriodicalId":38493,"journal":{"name":"AUS","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89123087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114889
Stefano Leonori, C. Moscatiello, M. Falvo, F. M. Frattale Mascioli
The electrification of the transportation for a sustainable mobility is an outcome of the European strategy to reduce the environmental pollution. It requires the need to upgrade the electric distribution system with smart infrastructures able to locally manage the energy demand of the Electric Vehicles (EVs) charging systems. A first level of integration can be implemented in smart homes and nanogrids. In such scenario, local renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, smart appliances and EVs charging points can be managed in a smart way, with the aim to minimize the stress on the distribution grid given by the stochastic and intermittent behaviour of the aggregated demand. This paper presents a study focused on the energy flow optimization of a smart home equipped with a bidirectional EV charging wallbox, a local energy storage system (ESS) and two deferrable appliances (DAs). The impact of the smart charging, the DAs and the local ESS in the smart home are evaluated and discussed in detail considering different case studies.
{"title":"Smart Integration and Energy Optimization of EVs Charging Systems in a Nanogrid","authors":"Stefano Leonori, C. Moscatiello, M. Falvo, F. M. Frattale Mascioli","doi":"10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114889","url":null,"abstract":"The electrification of the transportation for a sustainable mobility is an outcome of the European strategy to reduce the environmental pollution. It requires the need to upgrade the electric distribution system with smart infrastructures able to locally manage the energy demand of the Electric Vehicles (EVs) charging systems. A first level of integration can be implemented in smart homes and nanogrids. In such scenario, local renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, smart appliances and EVs charging points can be managed in a smart way, with the aim to minimize the stress on the distribution grid given by the stochastic and intermittent behaviour of the aggregated demand. This paper presents a study focused on the energy flow optimization of a smart home equipped with a bidirectional EV charging wallbox, a local energy storage system (ESS) and two deferrable appliances (DAs). The impact of the smart charging, the DAs and the local ESS in the smart home are evaluated and discussed in detail considering different case studies.","PeriodicalId":38493,"journal":{"name":"AUS","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89187596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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